阅读理解专题☞细节理解+推理判断题 课件-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读理解细节理解与推理判断核心题型，依据高考评价体系明确6-9题的题量占比，梳理直接信息、信息转换、归纳概括、数字计算及隐含推断、观点态度等常考类型，对接语言能力与思维品质核心素养，构建系统备考框架。 课件以高考真题为载体，如2023全国乙卷直接信息题、2024新课标1卷语意转换题等典例，详解同义替换、干扰选项分析等策略，培养学生精准提取信息与逻辑推断能力，助力学生掌握答题技巧提升得分率，为教师提供针对性复习指导，高效备战高考。

Reading Comprehension ——细节理解题型突破（高考真题+模拟题） 页面统一为16:9宽幅画面比例尺寸；PPT统一格式为PPT或PPTX。 中文： 1. 课名：微软雅黑48号字； 2.（第一课时）：微软雅黑32号字； 3.学校名称：请填写全称； 4.学科、年级、主讲人、学校：华文楷体28号字（具体根据文字量可适当调整）。 英文 1.课名：字体以Times New Roman为主，字号一般使用32—36号，特别强调可以用40号； 2.（Period 1）：字体使用Arial，字号为28； 3.正文一般用24—28号，特别强调可用32号。 注意标点的规范（例如：中文省略号为……，可用Shift+数字键6打出中文省略号，英文省略号为…） 1 Learning Objectives 1) Be clear about the requirements and the tendency of reading comprehension in College Entrance Examination . 2) Master the strategies of such kind of exercises. 3) Use the strategies properly and solve the problems accurately. 4) Develop students’ core competences. Learning Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties Learning Focuses: 1) Get the key words in the questions. 2) Outline and trace the facts and details in the passages . 3) Transfer the meaning precisely , solve the problems accurately and enhance students’ core competences . Anticipated Difficulties: 1) How to discover the related information 2) How to transfer the meaning precisely 细节理解题命题特点 考题中，答题信息可直接在文中获取，主要出现在阅读理解A篇。 正确选项是对文中信息进行了同义转换。 需要对文中两个或多个信息点进行归纳概括。 需要对文中提供的数字进行简单计算 阅读理解题中出现较多。 6-9题 细节理解题命题规律 1. 高考阅读理解正确选项规律 同义替换 (1)替换关键词。把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如 把lose one’s job换成了be out of work (2)改变词性。把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如 把important变换成vital, essential, crucial, of importance (3)改变语态。把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如 restored the bridge变换成the bridge was restored 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 原文原词 用原文原词作为正确选项 2.高考阅读理解干扰选项规律 （1）扩缩范围 范围大小和原文不一致 （2）张冠李戴 故意混杂原文中的人物、事件、时间、地点等信息 （3）正误并存 部分正确，部分错误 （4）无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 （5）曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动 （6）文不对题 选项正确，却不能回答本道题 Step5:事实细节题解题步骤 一定 在题干中选定关键词(如专有名词、数字，以及能体现问题中心的名词、动词和形容词等) 二找 用关键词(一般用1-2个)去文中寻找答题信息句 三比较 信息句与各选项进行比较与分析，选出正确答案。 [典例展示](2023·全国乙卷·B篇节选) Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. 24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. adj.独特的，与众不同的 shoot v.拍摄；射击/发射 n.嫩芽；拍摄 → shot n.照片；（电影中的）镜头 地理的 背景；环境 team up with 与...合作 一.直接信息题Direct information [解题思维] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:deal with the challenge、in the Midwest 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.(我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险并沿途拍照) 比对选项信息:作为一名中西部的风景摄影师,作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍照。故选　B　。  二.语意转换题(Indirect information) —— 正确选项是对文中信息进行了同义转换 全真考场 (2024新课标I卷第24题) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine . 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 根据关键词在原文中找出信息句，即If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. 选定题干中的关键词What, coworkers , think of。 比较选项与信息句，句意：如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。原句是同义替换：unusual=odd, 奇怪的。 语意转换题 (Indirect information) (2023新课标Ⅱ卷第24题) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. initial adj.开始的，最初的 initiator n.发起人，创始人 initiate v.发起，创始（to make sth. begin) (浙江高考·1月卷·D篇节选) 　　“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project.“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫). 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. v.调查/研究 n.生产率 草 给...做贡献；有助于/导致... approach to(doing) sth. ...的方法 [解题思维] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:What, InSPIRE, aim 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法,其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。 进一步辨别:InSPIRE采用更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场,也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选　C　。  1.What’s the purpose of building the Lion Grove Garden? A.To share historical anecdotes. B.To attract celebrity guests. C.To enjoy the beautiful scenery. D.To stay far from the madding crowd. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段中的“When a group of monks during the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368) first constructed Lion Grove Garden, they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place, hidden away from urban noise.(元朝(1271—1368年),一群僧人第一次建造狮子林时,他们可能只是想在一个远离城市喧嚣的地方享受安静)”可知,建造狮子林是为了远离城市的喧嚣。故选D项。 mad 疯的 celebrity n.名人 (汕头一模) (汕头一模) 　　Not every architectural landmark is grand in scale, with splendid decorations, or amazing colors. Suzhou Gardens may just be the opposite. 　　When a group of monks during the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368) first constructed Lion Grove Garden, they may have just wanted to enjoy a quiet place, hidden away from urban noise. While in the following centuries, this charming garden—most notable for its waterside rockeries resembling the shape of lions—has attracted a constant stream of celebrity guests, who have left a long list of poems, paintings and historical anecdotes (轶事). 地标；里程碑 在规模上 非常好的；壮丽的 僧侣 迷人的，吸引人的 be notable for因为...而显著/出名 a stream of 一连串的，一系列的(stream n.小溪) constant不断的；恒定的/不变的 resemble v.像 全国I卷·32 A build-it-yourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U. S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5×5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. 32. What do we know about the solar still equipment ? A. It’s delicate B. It’s expensive. C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable. 三. 归纳概括题 fasten v.系牢，扎牢，扣紧 易碎的/脆弱的；纤细的; 精致的 轻便的，手提的 (2022全国乙卷第22题) Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 全真考场 四.数字计算题 微观突破 剖析解题技巧 推理判断题 ——由表及里 【懂 考查类型】 1.隐含推断题 隐含推断题主要考查以下几个方面: (1)细节推断题, 即根据文章特定细节进行推断; (2)综合推断题, 即根据全段, 甚至全篇, 结合多处信息推断文章寓意或深层意义; (3)逻辑推断题, 即严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列材料进行推理, 从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。 2.观点态度题 文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。常见的设问方式有: ·How does the author feel about...? ·What does the author think of...? ·What is the author’s attitude towards/to...? 3.写作意图/手法题 文章主旨是中心思想、文章大意,而写作意图则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想。在高考中既可能考查全文的写作意图,又可能考查某处细节或某一段落的写作意图。 4.文章出处、类别/读者对象题 几乎所有的文章都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。推断文章出处或类别要从文章内容、语言特色和标志信息着手;确定读者对象要根据文章主题和文章措辞来判断。 [典例展示](浙江·1月·B篇节选) 　　Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. 26. What can we infer about the author? A. She is quite good at cooking. B. She respects others’ privacy. C. She enjoys being a housewife. D. She is a determined person. personalize v.个人化，为个人定制 n.杂货；食品；食品杂货店 做出改变/转变 [解题思维] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:infer, the author 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach.然而,随着持续几个月的减少浪费,我尽了自己最大的努力。 Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.也许你的家庭不会完全改变,但你可以控制自己的个人空间,做出你想要的改变。整合信息推测:作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选　D　。  [典例展示](2023·全国甲卷·B篇节选) She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” 25.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day? A.For a birthday gift. B.As a treat for her work. C.To support her DIY projects. D.To encourage her to take up a hobby. adj.非常辛劳的；费力的 credit ... to ... 把...归功于... credit n.信用；借贷；学分；赞扬 to one’s credit 值得称赞的是 开始从事；占据；拿起；接受(建议/挑战等) [解题思维] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息: A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.(一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励。) It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.(这项工作花了几个星期的时间,是一项辛苦的工作,但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲。) 根据关键信息推理:Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是对她工作的鼓励。故选　B　。  1. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By making a comparison. B. By sharing personal experience. C. By giving opinions with evidence. D. By listing facts and accurate figures. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。第一段第一句中的“The world has faced a food crisis of unprecedented proportions in 2022”点明本文主题,即2022年世界面临着前所未有的大规模的粮食危机。接着作者在下文中通过“As many as 828 million people”“from 135 million to 345 million”“A total of 49 million people in 49 countries”等数据和实例来支撑自己的观点。由此可推测出作者是通过罗列事实和精确的数据来引入主题的。故选D。 (柳州三模） 精练新题·提升素养 柳州三模) 　　The world has faced a food crisis of unprecedented(前所未有的) proportions in 2022—the largest in modern history, as conflict, climate crisis and rising costs have combined to pose great risks for hungry people across the world. As many as 828 million people go to bed hungry every night. The number of those facing acute food insecurity has risen from 135 million to 345 million since 2019. A total of 49 million people in 49 countries are suffering hunger, according to figures from the United Nations’ World Food Programme. 　　 危机 部分;份额;比例 pose risks/threats 构成风险/威胁 acute 严重的；(疾病)急性的；敏锐的；灵敏的 【I卷B篇节选】 Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. v.清除，消除 eraser 橡皮 n.申请；申请书；应用 1.What’s the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph? A. To give a summary. B. To give some evidence. C. To express his emotions. D. To put forward his view. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中“The rights of the youth need to be put in a central place in a country’s climate change plan...(青年的权利需要在一个国家的气候变化计划中置于中心位置……)”并结合标题可推知,第一段的主要目的是提出作者的观点。故选D。 提出；推荐；把...提前 (石家庄一模） (石家庄一模) Climate Acts Must Focus on Youth 　　Children and young people are bearing the burden of climate change. However, they are consistently overlooked in the design and content of climate policies and related measures. The rights of the youth need to be put in a central place in a country’s climate change plan as extreme weather events are threatening their lives and destroying the infrastructure critical to their well-being. 　　The scientific community has sounded the alarm that climate change is a global emergency, and the risks of deadly drought, frequent floods, heat waves, extreme weather, and poverty will significantly worsen. 承受重担 始终/一直 忽视；俯视 基础设施建设 至关重要的 Para 1+2 2.How does climate change impact young children? A. It harms children’s health. B. It has a huge impact on children’s education. C. It reduces births of new babies. D. It leads to the change of children’s lifestyle. 　　 Over half a billion children live in high flood zones and nearly 160 million live in areas of extremely high drought, said a report released in 2015 by the United Nations Children’s Fund, or UNICEF. Polluted air has a huge impact on children’s brain development. It is estimated about 2 billion children live in areas with air quality that is well above international pollution standards. Air pollution, lack of safe water, undernutrition are strongly linked to pneumonia, a leading cause of death among children, killing nearly 2,400 children a day. The increase of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever may have the greatest impacts on children, for example, 90 percent of the disease burden that is attributable to climate change is born by children under the age of five. The UNICEF report said all these challenges are exacerbated by climate change. Para 3 营养不良 3.What is the author’s attitude towards the issue? A. Approving.　　　　 B. Intolerable. C. Concerned. D. Indifferent. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Actively responding to climate change is not only imperative, but also key to sustainable development for generations to come as children and young people are the future of mankind.(积极应对气候变化不仅势在必行,而且是子孙后代可持续发展的关键,因为儿童和青年是人类的未来)”可推知,作者对这个问题的态度是关心的。故选C。 无法忍受的 支持的 关心的,担心的 支持的 漠不关心的 　　Through the intergovernmental cooperation on climate change, the UN has made it clear the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in raising. Actively responding to climate change is not only imperative, but also key to sustainable development for generations to come as children and young people are the future of mankind. 　　 We are all glad to see children and young people are encouraged to play a key role in addressing climate-related risks by promoting environmentally sustainable lifestyles and setting an example for their communities. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化会危害儿童健康,并用具体的数据加以说明。 积极应对气候变化不仅势在必行,而且是子孙后代可持续发展的关键,因为儿童和青年是人类的未来。 政府间的 Para 4 Para 5 4.Who are probably the intended readers of the text? A. Engineers. B. Environmentalists. C. Sports fans. D. Music lovers. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段段意,并结合全文可知,文章主要说明了气候变化会危害儿童健康,并用具体的数据加以说明。据此可推知,文章的目标读者可能是环保人士。故选B。 打算的，计划的 　　The company expects general job growth of about 10% between 2018 and 2028, but the hybrid jobs to grow by 21%. What’s more, hybrid jobs pay more than positions that call for a traditional set of skills. For example, a marketing manager mastering a database program gets paid 41% more than a traditional one, with an average yearly salary of $100,000. Moreover, an engineer who improves her sales skills and becomes a consulting engineer for a software company can more than double her pay from $180,000 to $400,000. 　　 需要；呼叫 How much is a traditional marketing manager possibly paid every year? A.$180,000.　　　　　B.$71,000. C.$41,000. D.$10,000. $