Unit 1 The Changing World Section B 知识要点详解 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦“变化”主题，系统梳理现在完成时与一般过去时的用法，围绕社会发展（蒙内铁路）、个人成长（中学生活变化）两大语境，通过重点句型（如It takes...to do sth.）、词汇辨析（spend/take/pay/cost）及句子成分拆解（后置定语、宾语从句）搭建学习支架，帮助学生建立语法与主题的关联。 该资料突出语言能力与文化意识培养，以蒙内铁路案例解析中外合作，渗透人类命运共同体理念，通过句子结构分析提升思维品质。以读促写设计引导学生表达个人变化，课中辅助教师系统教学，课后助力学生复习巩固，有效弥补知识盲点。

Unit 1 The Changing World 2026秋人教版英语九上知识要点详解 ( 学习目标 ) 单元 Unit 1 The Changing World 主题 话题: 过去和现在的变化对比【人与社会】 ①身边的变化 ②时代发展 ③个人成长变化 语法 掌握并熟练运用现在完成时和一般过去时 课文 Section B: 【主题阅读】蒙巴萨-内罗毕铁路带来的社会变化 【以读促写】从小学到现在中学生活变化 📘 Unit 1 Section B How do changes influence us? 【 Section A 3a课文再现】 1b Look at the title and the picture. What is the text probably about? Then read it quickly to check your prediction. On the Fast Track 踏上快车道 In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. 2017年，新建的480公里蒙内铁路正式通车。在此之前，连接肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和首都内罗毕的交通方式只有崎岖的公路和1901年修建的老旧铁路。旧火车速度很慢，从蒙巴萨坐火车到内罗毕要10个小时。 However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. 然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，将蒙巴萨与内罗毕之间的旅客行程时间缩短至4小时。如今每年有超过200万人乘坐这条铁路。 Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, "I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich." A businessman said, "My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease." The railway has also made the transport of food easier. "Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains" said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. 肯尼亚当地民众从新铁路中获益良多。一位政府工作人员说：“我非常满意中国朋友修建的这条新铁路。过去几年小镇发生了很多变化，这里的人们富裕起来了。” 一位商人说：“2017 年以来我坐火车的体验一直很好，方便又便宜，我能准时到达各地，轻松谈成生意。” 这条铁路也让粮食运输更便捷。一位超市经理说：“过去往返两座城市运输粮食需要几百辆卡车，现在只需要两三列火车。” 因此，人们现在能吃到更多新鲜食物。 Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 尽管中国与肯尼亚相隔遥远，但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何携手共建更美好的世界。 【详解1】 It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. (教材第6页1b 第1段) 【1】句子翻译:从蒙巴萨坐火车到内罗毕要10个小时。 【2】It takes/took（sb. ) 时间 + to do sth. 意为“做某事花费（某人）多少时间”，It做形式主语，谓语动词要注意时态变化。 【辨析总结】spend、take、pay、cost 序号 结构 要点 1 sb spend +钱/时间 +on sth /(in) doing sth某人花费时间/金钱在某物上/做某事 spend花钱/时间，主语是人 2 it takes/took sb +时间 + to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间 take花时间，it作形式主语 3 sb pay +钱 + for sth 某人花多少钱买某物 pay花钱，主语是人 4 sth cost sb +钱 某物花了某人多少钱 cost花钱，主语是物 【3】get to，意为“到达”，后面加地点名词。这个句型在第2页Section A 1c也出现了， 【 It took half a day to reach the town】， 注意reach是及物动词，后面不需要介词，直接加地点名词。 【详解2】 However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. (教材第6页1b 第2段) 【1】句子翻译:然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，将蒙巴萨与内罗毕之间的旅客行程时间缩短至4小时。 【2】however，是一个转折连词，作用是引出与前文内容的对比或转折，常译为“然而、但是”; 【3】cut the travel time to+具体数值， 意为“缩短时间至......”， 用法是cut + 时间/成本/费用作宾语，cut 在这里不是“切”，而是：“减少、缩短、削减（reduce）”，如: cut the cost 降低成本 cut the risk 降低风险 cut the expense 削减开支 【4】句子较长，可以逐一进行拆解，先找到句子的主干: ➡️主语: the new railway 谓语: has already cut 宾语: the travel time  ➡️built with China’s help 作后置定语， 过去分词短语，修饰“railway铁路”，因此翻译为“在中国帮助下修建的新铁路”; ➡️between Mombasa and Nairobi 作后置定语，这是介词短语，限定区间; ➡️to about four hours 作宾语补足语，补充说明“缩短到”的结果; ➡️for passengers 作状语，表示“对乘客而言”。 【详解13】Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. (教材第6页1b 第3段) 【1】句子翻译:肯尼亚当地民众从新铁路中获益良多。 【2】benefit from，意为“从……中受益 / 获益于……”，a lot在这里作程度副词，修饰动词 have benefited，相当于 greatly; 【3】这句话是人做主语，即sb. benefit from sth.， 如果把主语和宾语位置互换， benefit后面就不需要加介词from， benefit可用作及物动词，后面直接加人，sth. benefit sb.，原句即: The new railway has benefited local Kenyans a lot.( 注意语序，程度副词a lot置于句末) 【详解4】 Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years and the people who live here have become rich.(教材第6页1b 第3段) 【1】句子翻译:过去几年小镇发生了很多变化，这里的人们富裕起来了。 【2】become是“变化类”系动词，和 get, turn, grow, go 同类，表示从一种状态变为另一种状态，后面接形容词rich作表语，构成系表结构，意为“变得富裕”; 【3】这是一个由 and 连接的并列复合句，分为前后两个分句，可以逐一进行拆解: ①第一分句：简单句，现在完成时 ②第二分句：主句 + 定语从句 ➡️Many changes (主语)have taken place(谓语) in the town(地点状语) over the last few years(时间状语). 提示:括号里填句子成分，如主语、谓语等。 ➡️the people who live here have become rich 主句部分: the people(主语)， have become rich(系表结构); 从句部分: 是一个定语从句，关系代词who指代前面的people(人)且在从句中作主语，不能省略，从句谓语是live，状语是here。 【详解5】 It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.(教材第6页1b 第3段) 【1】句子翻译:这种方式十分便捷且经济实惠。我能准时到达目的地，并且轻松谈成生意。 【2】convenient(adj.)，意为“方便的”，不能用人作主语，不能说：I am convenient.❌【错误】 要说：It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很方便， 中考高频表达: ①convenient transportation 便利的交通 ②as convenient as possible 尽可能方便 【3】make business deals 表示“做生意，达成商业协议”， business(n.)，意为“生意;商业”，不可数名词; deal意为“交易;协议”，用作名词，是可数名词。 ⭐复习deal用法(动词&名词) v.处理，应对 deal with处理，应对，对付，与how连用 →区分： do with常与what连用 n.交易，协议 make a deal 达成协议 / 成交 a business deal 商业交易 a good deal 划算的事 It's a deal! 一言为定 【4】with ease表示“轻而易举地”， ease(n.)，意为“容易，自在”，要点如下 【详解6】Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world.(教材第6页1b 第4段) 【1】句子翻译:尽管中国与肯尼亚相隔遥远，但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何携手共建更美好的世界。 【2】although，意为“尽管;虽然”， 引导让步状语从句不与 but 连用，可置于句首或句末（句首更正式）; 【3】be far away from意为“离......远”，动词随主语的变化而变化。中间的副词away可以省略，反义表达:be close to(离......近) 【4】work together 意为“齐心协力;通力合作”，同义表达: pull together， 常考结构: work together to do sth. 齐心协力做某事; 合作做某事 【5】这是一个含让步状语从句 + 宾语从句的复合句，可以逐一进行拆解: 整体结构:Although … （让步状语从句）, the railway shows …(主句) 主句中又嵌套一个：how different countries ......world（宾语从句） ➡️让步状语从句: Although (连词)China and Kenya(主语) are (系动词)far away (表语)from each other(状语) ;提示:填句子成分 ➡️主句: the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world 主句部分: the railway (主语)， shows(谓语)，是及物动词，后接了宾语从句 从句部分: 是一个宾语从句，连接副词how作宾语从句引导词，“如何/怎样”; different countries (主语)can work (谓语) together(状语，修饰work) to build a better world(目的状语)。 【详解7】 With the support from the government，Wang Shanghai led a group of 369 people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better. (教材第8页2c ) 【1】句子翻译:在政府的支持下，王上海率领一支由369人组成的队伍，立志改善塞罕坝的生态环境。 【2】with the support from.....，意为“在......的支持下”=with one's support， 介词短语通常放在句子开头作状语，和with the development of用法相同。 这里support用作名词形式，“支持”， support还可以用作动词: 【3】led是动词lead的过去式，lead-led-led， 句子中意为“率领;领导”，用法总结如下 【4】be determined to do sth.， 意为“下定决心做某事”，和decide to do在语义上有一定的区别: ➡️be determined to do 意志坚定，下决心（主观意愿强），带有克服困难、坚持到底的意味，在写作中可以和 make up one’s mind to do sth.（下定决心做某事)同义替换; ➡️decide to do 决定做某事，（侧重结果），只是说明“这事定下来了” ， 如: —Why is Tom working so hard these days? 汤姆最近为什么这么拼命学习 —Because he is determined to pass the exam and get into a good high school. 他下定决心要通过考试，进入一所好高中。 【5】make the environment better= improve the environment 改善环境， make sth.+形容词比较级表示“使某物更......”， 教材第7页1d问句中【make food transport easier】也是这个用法; 【详解8】 Now the land is covered with green trees and the water is clean and fresh. (教材第8页2c ) 【1】句子翻译:如今这片土地绿树成荫，河水清澈清新。 【2】be covered with，意为“被......覆盖”，这是被动语态，即“be动词+过去分词”， 介词with强调“覆盖物是什么”。cover可以用作动词和名词，用作动词释义较多，这里列出高频的三个释义， 用法如下: 【 Section B 3a课文再现】 3a Read the text. What stays the same in the student's life? Changes in My Life 我生活的变化 Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school. For example, my primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. Now my junior high school is farther from home. I take a bus every day with my friends. 既然我已经长大了，我的生活和小学时不一样了。比如，我小学离家很近，以前常和父母步行上学。现在初中离家更远，我每天和朋友坐公交车上学。 My home has changed too. My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. My grandma lives with us now as well. She has her own room and her own TV set. I am glad that I get to see her every day. 我的家也变了。我们家以前住小公寓，现在搬到了大得多的房子里。奶奶也和我们一起住，她有自己的房间和电视机。我很高兴每天都能见到她。 The way I study is also different. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. I enjoy studying with my friends. It's amazing how much we have achieved together. 我的学习方式也不一样了。我在学习上更自信了，还经常参加小组讨论。我喜欢和朋友们一起学习，我们一起取得的进步真让人惊喜。 My life has changed in many ways, but one thing stays the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. 我的生活在很多方面都发生了变化，但有一件事始终没变: 家人之间分享的爱与幸福感。 【详解20】 Now that I am older,my life is different from when I was in primary school. (教材第9页3a 第1段 ) 【1】句子翻译: 既然我已经长大了，我的生活和小学时不一样了。 【2】now that是连词短语，意为“既然;由于”，引导原因状语从句，在这句话中now that可以替换为since，但now that强调“情况已经发生变化”，带有时间推移感，表示已经存在的现状，常与现在完成时或一般现在时连用; 【3】主句中from when I was in primary school，是【介词+宾语从句】结构，when引导的宾语从句作介词from的宾语，宾语从句的详细内容在后续单元我们会学习到，不展开讲解。这里仅列举“介词+宾语从句”例句，如: ①The teacher gave us some advice on how we can improve our pronunciation. 老师就我们如何提高发音给了我们一些建议。 【4】primary school 小学， 类似表达: junior high school 初中 senior high school 高中 ②I don’t agree with what my friend said about online shopping. 我不同意我朋友关于网购所说的观点。 【详解21】 It's amazing how much we have achieved together. (教材第9页3a 第3段 ) 【1】句子翻译: 我们一起取得了这么大的成就，真让人惊叹。 【2】这个句子结构是 “It's + 形容词+ 从句”， it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面how much引导的主语从句。因此全句可还原为： How much we have achieved together is amazing.。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $