命题大赛 2025-2026学年山东省潍坊高三英语第一学期开学考阶段测试

英语模拟试题 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Are you looking for a new car but unsure whether an SUV or a sedan fits your lifestyle? This practical guide breaks down the key differences to help you make an informed decision. Interior Space & Comfort SUVs are designed with space in mind. They often feature three rows of seats, generous legroom, and large cargo areas — ideal for family trips and outdoor gear. Sedans, though comfortable, generally seat five and offer more limited storage, though fold-down rear seats can help. If carrying passengers or equipment is a priority, an SUV offers greater flexibility. Fuel Efficiency & Costs Thanks to their smaller size and lighter weight, sedans usually consume less fuel. A compact sedan can achieve 30–40 miles per gallon (MPG), while many SUVs average 20–30 MPG. This makes sedans particularly attractive for long-distance commuters and budget-conscious drivers. Additionally, insurance and maintenance costs are typically lower for sedans. SUVs, by contrast, often come with higher fuel and ownership expenses, though hybrid models are improving. City vs. Country Driving Sedans handle well in cities: they are easier to park, more fuel-efficient in traffic, and simpler to navigate through narrow streets. SUVs shine in rural or rough conditions. With higher ground clearance and available all-wheel drive (AWD) or four-wheel drive (4WD), they perform better on unpaved roads, snow, or mud. For daily urban commutes, a sedan is recommended; for challenging terrain or severe weather, an SUV is the stronger choice. Whichever you choose, consider your driving habits, budget, and daily needs. Both types have their strengths — the right car is the one that fits your life. 1. What advantage does an SUV have over a sedan according to the guide? A. Lower fuel consumption. B. Cheaper insurance rates. C. More flexible seating and cargo space. D. Easier parking in crowded cities. 2. Which situation is the most suitable for choosing a sedan? A. A large family that frequently goes camping. B. A driver who commutes 100 miles daily. C. An adventurer driving on mountain trails. D. A resident living in a region with heavy snow. 3. What is the main purpose of the guide? A. To promote the latest SUV models. B. To persuade readers to buy more economical sedans. C. To explain the development of vehicle types. D. To help readers decide between an SUV and a sedan. B Watching the sleek, white motorbike roll out of the hire shop in Thakhek, Laos, the author, Dhruti Shah, wondered if she was making a dreadful mistake. It was March 2017, and she had agreed to go on a road trip with Travis, a stranger she had met weeks earlier during a program in Thailand. She usually kept her guard up, but Travis’s gentle efforts had built a friendship. He suggested exploring Laos by motorbike, a mode of transport she actively avoided for many years. Years ago, as a child, Dhruti thought she would become a biker. However, on New Year’s Day 2004, a serious motorbike accident in Cambodia changed everything. While riding on the back of a motorbike, it crashed, and her leg was severely burned by the hot exhaust pipe. The pain was so intense that she couldn’t make a sound. This incident left her with permanent scars and a deep fear of physical risk, making her keen to avoid motorbikes altogether. By 2017, it had been over a decade since she had ridden a motorbike. Looking down at the scars on her leg, she hesitated. But Travis assured her he would drive safely. Taking a deep breath, Dhruti decided to overcome her fear and put on her helmet. Her worries were unnecessary. The journey was smooth as they explored stunning temples, vast lakes, and hidden caves. She even attempted rock climbing. They rode through winding mountain roads at night, discovering scenic spots they would never have otherwise encountered. This trip gave her the confidence to connect more readily with strangers and to seek out new adventures. After returning from Laos, Dhruti started going on more solo trips. This new openness helped her connect with many interesting people and have enriching experiences, like visiting a forest farm with new friends in Puerto Rico. The motorbike adventure became a turning point in her life, showing her the value of stepping out of her comfort zone and embracing the unknown. 4. What can be inferred about Dhruti's initial attitude towards the trip? A. She was excited for adventure. B. She was unsure and cautious. C. She trusted Travis completely. D. She was eager to ride a motorbike. 5. What does "changed everything" imply about Dhruti's perspective? A. It made her avoid all future travel. B. It profoundly altered her view on risk. C. It inspired her to become a professional biker. D. It made her regret meeting new people. 6. What was an immediate positive impact of the Laos trip? A. She became an expert rock climber. B. She found a lifelong travel companion. C. She gained self-assurance and openness. D. She discovered many hidden caves. 7. What is the text's primary message about personal growth? A. Facing fears leads to new opportunities. B. Traveling extensively is essential for happiness. C. It's crucial to always travel with friends. D. Motorbikes are the best way to explore. C The last thing Naomi Barrales, a 25-year-old marketing associate, needed was a 30-minute train delay. To kill time during her long commute, she decided to treat herself to two vegan cookies. This soon became a ritual: whenever she had a good day at work, she rewarded herself with these "little treats." Later, a Poppi drink was added to her list. Even if it cost more, she didn't mind, because she felt she deserved it. "I don't have to pinch my pennies (省钱)," Ms. Barrales said. She and many others in Generation Z have embraced "treat culture." This is the habit of indulging (沉溺) in small luxuries, like a $12 jumbo-size coffee, a $5 baked dessert, or a $30 key-ring doll. They use these items to reward themselves or practice self-care, even if the treats are outside their budget (预算). The concept of using treats to cope or celebrate has been around for generations, gaining pop culture popularity in 2011 with a TV episode. However, what sets Gen Z apart is how they have built an online community around this tradition. They promote it on their social feeds as a way to care for their mental health during uncertain times. With rising costs, a shaky job market, and financial milestones like homeownership feeling out of reach for many young adults, small purchases offer Gen Z a temporary sense of control or indulgence. Gregory Stoller, a professor at Boston University, observes this trend. He believes that if he were struggling in the workforce after finishing school, he would also seek a treat to cheer himself up. However, while these treats can offer quick moments of joy, they could also lead to overspending if budgets are not managed properly. After about a month of treating herself three times a week, Ms. Barrales noticed her checking account was around $50 lower than usual. This was enough to alarm her. "At first, it was harmless," Ms. Barrales admitted. "But it compounds (累积), and that's when it starts eating into my finances." 8. What can be inferred about Naomi's initial financial view? A. She felt financially secure. B. She was thrifty with her money. C. She prioritized self-care spending. D. She believed in immediate gratification. 9. How does Gen Z's "treat culture" differ from past trends? A. It fosters online community. B. It involves more luxurious items. C. It promotes impulsive purchasing. D. It focuses on individual happiness. 10. What prompts young adults to embrace "treat culture"? A. A desire for better job prospects. B. To regain a sense of control. C. The influence of social media trends. D. Access to affordable luxury goods. 11. What is the author's implied attitude towards "treat culture"? A. Highly critical. B. Enthusiastically supportive. C. Cautiously analytical. D. Indifferent and objective. D In science, a catchy name can turn an obscure discovery into a promising new field. This is the hope for peptideins, a newly named class of molecules found within human cells. Similar to proteins but smaller, peptideins currently have less clear purposes. However, researchers believe they could offer new insights and drug targets across human biology, potentially aiding in the development of treatments for diseases like cancer. For years, cell biologists understood that enzymes copy DNA into RNA, which then serves as blueprints for making amino acid chains called peptides. Proteins, a well-defined subset of peptides, are known for their size, specific functions, and presence across species. There are about 19,500 recognized human proteins, each with a vital role, such as p53, which suppresses cancer, or insulin, which regulates blood sugar. Scientists used to consider the parts of DNA not coding for these proteins as "junk." However, better experimental tools have challenged this simple view. Techniques like ribosome profiling revealed that translation, the process of making peptides, was happening in unexpected genome regions. More sensitive experiments also spotted ever smaller molecules in cells. This led to the discovery of "microproteins" or the "dark proteome," which were once ignored but are now thought to hold clues for disease and potential drug targets. Dr. Sebastiaan van Heesch and his team have created the most detailed map of this dark proteome so far, confirming the existence of 1,785 microproteins. Many of these are tiny, with about 65% having fewer than 50 amino acids, much smaller than most known proteins. While some microproteins, like humanin, are known to be biologically useful (e.g., protecting cells from stress), the vast majority have no clear biological effects. These unexplained molecules are what Dr. van Heesch's team has dubbed "peptideins." By formally naming them, researchers hope to encourage more study into their roles in health and disease. Some peptideins are found on tumor cells, suggesting they could be targets for new immunotherapy drugs to fight cancer. They might also regulate other genes or influence cell communication. The exact number of peptideins and their true importance are still open questions. Only further research will determine if the name "peptideins" will become widely known or if it will be forgotten. 12. What is the significance of a "catchy name" in science? A. 高三英语 第2页 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B. It simplifies complex scientific concepts. C. It attracts funding for new discoveries. D. E. It ensures widespread public understanding. F. It promotes recognition and further study. 13. 14. What primarily led to the discovery of "microproteins"? A. Increased funding for biological research. B. Scientists' changed perspectives on DNA. C. The growing interest in cancer treatments. D. Breakthroughs in experimental technologies. 15. What can be inferred about most newly identified peptideins? A. They regulate other genes effectively. B. Their biological functions are unclear. C. They are primarily found in tumor cells. D. They protect cells from environmental stress. 16. What is the author's purpose in discussing "peptideins" at length? A. To introduce a promising new research area. B. To criticize past scientific misunderstandings. C. To highlight the complexity of human biology. D. To advocate for more funding in genetics. 第二节 阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Does China Violate Engel’s Law? During the Spring Festival, Chinese families gather to enjoy feasts, reflecting the country’s deep love for food. Recently, the National Bureau of Statistics revealed that food (excluding dining out, alcohol and tobacco) accounts for 17.2% of household spending, compared with less than 8% in the United States. While this confirms China’s food passion, it also raises a puzzling question. 16 The answer relates to Engel’s law, discovered by German economist Ernst Engel nearly 170 years ago. The law states that as incomes rise, the percentage spent on food falls. Thus, the food share is widely regarded as an indicator of living standards. 17 Some economists even trust it more than official income figures. They note that China’s official Engel coefficient (which includes dining out, alcohol and tobacco) has remained at 29.3% since 2017 despite reported economic growth. 18 However, the situation is complicated by dining out. Restaurant meals include not only the cost of ingredients but also service and atmosphere. 19 As a result, including dining out can overstate the true share of food spending. Data shows that spending on dining out rose from 5% of consumption in 2017 to 7.4% in 2024. If dining out is subtracted, the weight of food in consumption has actually continued to fall. 20 This suggests that China has suffered a severe development setback. A. This suggests that China has suffered a severe development setback. B. This means the food share can indicate how well a population lives. C. Therefore, China’s economic growth has been overestimated. D. In other words, China does not really violate Engel’s law. E. So eating out inflates the Engel coefficient. F. For example, a meal at McDonald’s can cost 150% more than a similar home-cooked meal. G. Why does China have a much higher food spending share? 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On Jan. 25, 1990, a tragic plane crash occurred. I was a child psychiatrist called to the hospital to help the 21 . In the pediatric unit, I met an 8-year-old girl named Andrea. Her mother and brother had been 22 in the crash. Her father survived but felt unable to go on. I 23 him, reminding him that his daughter needed him. He finally agreed to stay 24 for Andrea. Soon after, he had to travel to Colombia to 25 his wife and son, asking me to watch over his daughter. I agreed without 26 . During his absence, I visited Andrea three times daily. We developed a deep 27 . Eventually, her injuries 28 , and she returned home. Thirty-four years later, I received an unexpected email. "Do you remember me?" the sender wrote. It was Andrea! We soon 29 a video call. She was now 42 and a mother of two daughters. Seeing the photos I had 30 of her, she 31 . When I asked why she contacted me now, she 32 that her older daughter was turning 8. "I imagine what her life might be like without me," she said. "I thought of how I fell out of the sky, and how you 33 me." I was left feeling deeply 34 for the privilege of having helped this child. We often wonder whether we've made a 35 in our patients' lives. With Andrea, I finally knew. 21. A. reporters B. pilots C. witnesses D. survivors 22. A. injured B. killed C. trapped D. abandoned 23. A. encouraged B. blamed C. warned D. interviewed 24. A. awake B. calm C. silent D. strong 25. A. bury B. rescue C. identify D. treat 26. A. complaint B. hesitation C. condition D. regret 27. A. habit B. bond C. conflict D. memory 28. A. healed B. worsened C. spread D. stabilized 29. A. cancelled B. recorded C. arranged D. imagined 30. A. hidden B. taken C. kept D. mailed 31. A. wept B. smiled C. froze D. nodded 32. A. guessed B. argued C. joked D. explained 33. A. missed B. guided C. pushed D. caught 34. A. sorry B. responsible C. grateful D. curious 35. A. difference B. mistake C. fortune D. promise 第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 "Indigo blue is extracted from the indigo plant, but it is bluer than the plant it comes from." This quote from Xunzi, 36 ancient Chinese philosopher, highlights China's early 37 (master) of indigo extraction and dyeing(染色). The fabric "Yaobanbu" (blue calico), meaning herb-patterned cloth, 38 (originate) in the Southern Song Dynasty. It became very popular during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Nantong, with its warm and humid climate, 39 (become) a well-known center for producing blue calico. In ancient times, nearly every household in rural Nantong mastered this craft. Blue calico was widely used for daily items, 40 (play) an important role in people's lives. 41 (it) patterns often conveyed good wishes, such as luck. Making blue calico involves several exquisite skills. First, tightly woven cotton cloth is prepared. Artists then carve patterns 42 paperboard to make durable stencils(钢板). Next, a special paste is applied through the stencil onto the cloth. This paste prevents the patterned areas from being dyed blue. The cloth is then dipped repeatedly into an indigo dye vat. Each dip is followed by air drying, 43 allows the indigo to oxidize and deepen the color. This process is repeated six to eight 44 (time) to achieve various shades of blue. Finally, the paste is scraped off, and the cloth is 45 (thorough) washed. Today, blue calico continues to be passed down and innovated. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) 假设你是李华。你与交换生James要共同完成一篇论文，他建议用AI完成初稿。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： （1）你的观点及理由； （2）你的建议及计划。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80左右；(2) 可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 (3) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear James, I am writing to share my opinion on your advice. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Caden peered out the window as his mom pulled up to the animal shelter. "Mom, do we get to keep him?" he asked. "For a little while," his mother said, smiling at him in the rearview mirror. "We'll take care of him until he's well enough to find a new home." Caden bit his lip. Bringing home a foster dog sounded fun, but giving it away later sounded terrible. His family already had one dog, Tater Tot, but Caden thought two dogs — or three, or four — would be better. "One dog is enough," his parents always said. When Mom announced they would foster a dog, she added, "But we won't be keeping him." Caden was sure his parents would change their minds once they saw the dog playing with Tater Tot. Inside the shelter, a worker brought in a large, white, floppy-eared dog. The dog was limping. "He was a stray," the worker explained. "He needs a place to stay while his leg heals." "What's his name?" Caden asked. "Marshmallow." When Caden reached out, the dog gave his hand a big, slobbery lick. "Oh, hello, Marshmallow," Caden giggled. Over the following weeks, Marshmallow's leg healed quickly. He and Tater Tot became inseparable, chasing balls and rolling around the yard. Caden taught him tricks and spent every spare moment with him. But a shadow hung over his happiness — his mom had started talking to people about adopting Marshmallow. The dreaded day arrived. "The Martin family will be here in an hour," Mom said gently. "I know it's hard but try to be friendly." Caden buried his face in Marshmallow's soft fur, his eyes stinging with tears. When the Martins arrived, there was a mom, a dad, and a girl named Sofia. They took Marshmallow to the backyard and threw the ball for him. Caden showed them the tricks he'd taught. When Sofia sat down, Marshmallow crawled into her lap, smiling wide. Sofia giggled. "Aww, he likes you," Caden couldn't help saying. "We've wanted a dog for years," said Sofia's dad. "We were just waiting until we had our own house." Caden watched as Marshmallow nuzzled Sofia, his tail wagging like crazy. 注意： (1) 续写词数应为150左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 "Looks like he's found a new pal," Mom said softly, putting her arm around Caden. That evening, as Caden sat on the porch watching the sunset with Tater Tot by his side, Mom came out and sat beside him. $Sheet1 模块 题型 题号 分值 难度层级 考查知识点 核心素养 阅读理解 A篇（SUV vs 轿车） 1 2.5 易 细节理解；比较与对比信息提取 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 A篇 2 2.5 易 推理判断；适用场景匹配 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 A篇 3 2.5 易 写作目的；篇章主旨归纳 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 B篇（摩托车旅行） 4 2.5 易 情感态度推断；初始心理分析 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 阅读理解 B篇 5 2.5 易 短语理解；视角变化影响 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 B篇 6 2.5 中 信息归因；直接积极影响辨析 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 B篇 7 2.5 中 主旨概括；个人成长启示 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 阅读理解 C篇（犒劳文化） 8 2.5 易 推理判断；初期财务观念 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 阅读理解 C篇 9 2.5 易 细节对比；代际差异 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 阅读理解 C篇 10 2.5 中 因果分析；心理动机（控制感） 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 C篇 11 2.5 中 作者态度；委婉分析语气 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 D篇（peptideins） 12 2.5 易 细节理解；命名意义 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 阅读理解 D篇 13 2.5 中 技术推动作用；实验手段革新 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 D篇 14 2.5 中 推理判断；功能未知性 语言能力、思维品质 阅读理解 D篇 15 2.5 中 写作意图；新研究领域引入 语言能力、思维品质、学习能力 阅读七选五 恩格尔定律 16 2.5 中 篇章结构；首段设问衔接 语言能力、思维品质 阅读七选五 恩格尔定律 17 2.5 中 逻辑连贯；定义解释 语言能力、思维品质 阅读七选五 恩格尔定律 18 2.5 中 语境呼应；发展倒退结论 语言能力、思维品质 阅读七选五 恩格尔定律 19 2.5 中 例证支撑；外出就餐成本 语言能力、思维品质 阅读七选五 恩格尔定律 20 2.5 中 结尾归纳；不违反定律 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 语言知识运用 完形填空（飞机失事与医生） 21 1 中 名词辨析；幸存者 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 22 1 中 动词辨析；遇难 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 23 1 中 动词辨析；鼓励 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 24 1 中 形容词辨析；坚强的 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 25 1 中 动词辨析；安葬 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 语言知识运用 完形填空 26 1 中 名词辨析；毫不犹豫 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 27 1 中 名词辨析；情感纽带 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 28 1 中 动词辨析；痊愈 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 29 1 中 动词辨析；安排（通话） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 30 1 中 动词辨析；拍摄（照片） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 31 1 中 动词辨析；哭泣 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 32 1 中 动词辨析；解释 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 33 1 中 动词辨析；引导/帮助 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 34 1 中 形容词辨析；感激的 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 完形填空 35 1 中 短语辨析；产生影响 语言能力、思维品质、学习能力 语言知识运用 语法填空（蓝印花布） 36 1.5 中 冠词（an） 语言能力、文化意识 语言知识运用 语法填空 37 1.5 中 词形转换（master → mastery） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 38 1.5 中 动词时态（一般过去时） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 39 1.5 中 动词时态（一般过去时） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 40 1.5 中 非谓语动词（现在分词作状语） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 41 1.5 中 代词（its） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 42 1.5 中 介词（on） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 43 1.5 中 定语从句（which） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 44 1.5 中 名词复数（times） 语言能力、思维品质 语言知识运用 语法填空 45 1.5 中 副词（thoroughly） 语言能力、思维品质 书面表达 应用文写作 — 15 中 书信格式；观点表达（AI辅助论文）；建议与计划 语言能力、思维品质、学习能力 书面表达 读后续写 — 25 中-难 情节逻辑；人物心理；动作描写；情感升华（寄养狗） 语言能力、思维品质、文化意识 $ 模拟试题解析 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） A篇 文章大意：本文对比了SUV和轿车在空间、燃油效率、城市与乡村驾驶等方面的优缺点，旨在帮助读者根据自身需求做出选择。 1. 答案：C 解析：根据“Interior Space & Comfort”部分，SUV提供三排座椅、更大的腿部空间和载货区，比轿车更灵活。A、B、D均为轿车的优势，故C正确。 2. 答案：B 解析：文中提到轿车燃油效率高（30-40 MPG），适合长途通勤。A、C、D更适合SUV（露营、山路、大雪）。故选B。 3. 答案：D 解析：文章开头明确说明“help you make an informed decision”，结尾总结“the right car is the one that fits your life”。因此主要目的是帮助读者在SUV和轿车之间做选择，而非推销或解释发展史。故选D。 B篇 文章大意：作者Dhruti因童年摩托车事故留下心理阴影，后在朋友Travis鼓励下克服恐惧，完成了老挝摩托车之旅，这次经历成为她人生的转折点，让她更开放、更愿意冒险。 4. 答案：B 解析：第一段描写她看着摩托车“wondered if she was making a dreadful mistake”，且她多年来一直回避摩托车，说明她最初是犹豫和谨慎的。故选B。 5. 答案：B 解析：“changed everything”指2004年的事故彻底改变了她的生活，让她对身体风险产生恐惧，不再骑摩托车。这深刻改变了她对风险的看法。故选B。 6. 答案：C 解析：倒数第二段提到“This trip gave her the confidence to connect more readily with strangers and to seek out new adventures.”即获得了自信和开放。C项中的self-assurance和openness与之对应。 7. 答案：A 解析：全文核心是作者克服恐惧后获得了成长和机遇，最后一段点明“stepping out of her comfort zone and embracing the unknown”。A项“面对恐惧带来新机会”最符合。 C篇 文章大意：Z世代盛行“犒劳文化”，通过购买小奢侈品来奖励自己或自我关怀，这背后是经济压力和对生活的控制感缺失。但这种习惯如果不加节制会导致超支。 8. 答案：C 解析：第一段中Naomi说“I don't have to pinch my pennies”，并经常买小零食犒劳自己，说明她优先考虑自我关怀支出。虽然她后来发现超支，但最初她认为这些花费是值得的。故选C。 9. 答案：A 解析：第三段指出“what sets Gen Z apart is how they have built an online community around this tradition”，通过社交媒体推广。过去也有犒劳行为，但未形成线上社区。故选A。 10.答案：B 解析：第四段提到“small purchases offer Gen Z a temporary sense of control”，因为房价高、工作不稳定等原因，年轻人通过小确幸重获控制感。故选B。 11. 答案：C 解析：作者既肯定了犒劳文化对心理健康的积极作用（如提供快乐），也指出其可能导致的超支问题（最后一段）。整体态度是谨慎分析，既不狂热支持也不严厉批评。故选C。 D篇 文章大意：科学家发现一类名为“peptideins”的小分子，它们存在于细胞内，功能尚不明确，但可能成为疾病治疗的新靶点。新技术（如核糖体图谱分析）推动了这一发现。 12. 答案：D 解析：文章第一句说：“In science, a catchy name can turn an obscure discovery into a promising new field.” 意思是：在科学中，一个好听的名字能让一个冷门发现变成一个充满前景的新领域。接着作者说：“This is the hope for peptideins” —— 这就是给“peptideins”命名的希望所在。由此可见，命名的意义在于让这类分子获得关注，从而推动更多研究。选项D“promotes recognition and further study”（促进认可和进一步研究）与此完全吻合。A项“简化复杂概念”、B项“吸引资金”、C项“确保公众理解”在文中均未提及或不是直接作用。故选D。 13. 答案D 文章第三段开头明确指出：“However, better experimental tools have challenged this simple view.” 接着举例：“Techniques like ribosome profiling revealed that translation, the process of making peptides, was happening in unexpected genome regions.” 以及“More sensitive experiments also spotted ever smaller molecules in cells.” 这些句子共同说明：正是实验工具的进步（如核糖体图谱分析、更灵敏的实验）才让人们发现了那些之前被忽略的“微蛋白”或“暗蛋白质组”。因此，最主要的原因是 实验技术的突破。选项D“Breakthroughs in experimental technologies”正确。A（资金增加）、B（科学家对DNA看法的改变）不是直接原因；C（对癌症治疗的兴趣）是后续应用方向，并非发现原因。故选D。 14. 答案：B 解析：文章第四段后半部分写道：“While some microproteins, like humanin, are known to be biologically useful (e.g., protecting cells from stress), the vast majority have no clear biological effects.” 这句话明确指出：虽然少数微蛋白（如 humanin）已知有生物学功能，但绝大多数没有明确的生物学作用。接着作者说：“These unexplained molecules are what Dr. van Heesch’s team has dubbed ‘peptideins’.” 因此，可以推断出：大多数新发现的 peptideins 的功能尚不清楚。选项B“Their biological functions are unclear”与此一致。A（有效调节其他基因）、D（保护细胞）只是个别已知分子的特征；C（主要在肿瘤细胞）文中只说“some are found on tumor cells”，不是大多数。故选B。 15. 答案：A 解析：文章第一段提出命名 peptideins 的希望：“researchers believe they could offer new insights and drug targets across human biology, potentially aiding in the development of treatments for diseases like cancer.” 最后一段再次强调：“By formally naming them, researchers hope to encourage more study into their roles in health and disease.” 整篇文章从命名缘由、发现过程、技术手段到潜在应用，系统介绍了 peptideins 这一新兴研究领域，目的是让读者了解这个有前景的方向。选项A“To introduce a promising new research area” 准确概括了作者的写作意图。B（批评过去的误解）只是部分背景；C（强调人类生物学的复杂性）是附带信息；D（倡导更多遗传学资金）文中并未直接呼吁。故选A。 第二节 阅读七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 文章大意：中国家庭食品支出占比高于美国，这似乎违反恩格尔定律。文章分析原因包括外出就餐的统计方式，并指出扣除外出就餐后，中国食品占比实际在下降。 16. 答案：G 解析：前文提到中国食品支出占比17.2%，美国不足8%，引出令人困惑的问题。G项“Why does China have a much higher food spending share?”直接承接上文。 17. 答案：B 解析：前文说食品占比是生活水平的指标，B项“This means the food share can indicate how well a population lives.”是对恩格尔定律的进一步解释。 18. 答案：A 解析：前文指出中国恩格尔系数自2017年以来未变，结合最后一句“This suggests that China has suffered a severe development setback.”（原文选项A）符合逻辑。 19. 答案：F 解析：前文说餐馆就餐包含服务费和氛围成本，F项举麦当劳例子说明外出就餐比在家做饭贵150%，支持这一观点。 20. 答案：D 解析：前文指出扣除外出就餐后食品支出权重持续下降，因此中国实际上并未违反恩格尔定律。D项符合。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 文章大意：作者是一名儿童精神科医生，在飞机失事后帮助了8岁女孩Andrea，建立了深厚情感。34年后Andrea联系作者，表达感激之情。 21. 答案：D. survivors 解析：文章开头说飞机失事发生，“I was a child psychiatrist called to the hospital to help the ______.” 精神科医生被叫去医院，通常是为了帮助幸存者，特别是儿童。下文出现的Andrea正是事故中的幸存儿童。A项reporters（记者）、B项pilots（飞行员）、C项witnesses（目击者）都不符合医生的职责范围。故选D。 22. 答案：B. killed 解析：文中提到“Her mother and brother had been ______ in the crash. Her father survived...” 父亲幸存，而母亲和弟弟应该是遇难了。后文说父亲要去哥伦比亚“bury his wife and son”（见第25题），进一步证实他们不幸身亡。A项injured（受伤）不符合后续“埋葬”的逻辑；C项trapped（被困）、D项abandoned（被遗弃）都不准确。故选B。 23. 答案：A. encouraged 解析：父亲幸存但“felt unable to go on”（感到无法继续）。作者作为医生，“reminding him that his daughter needed him”是一种鼓励行为，帮助他振作。B项blamed（责备）、C项warned（警告）、D项interviewed（采访）均不合理。故选A。 24. 答案：D. strong 解析：父亲同意为女儿坚持下去，stay ______ for Andrea，意思是“为了Andrea而保持坚强”。strong（坚强的）最符合语境。A项awake（醒着的）、B项calm（冷静的）、C项silent（沉默的）都不如 strong 贴切。故选D。 25. 答案：A. bury 解析：父亲要去哥伦比亚处理妻子和儿子的后事。结合前文他们已在事故中遇难，因此应该是去埋葬他们。B项rescue（营救）、C项identify（辨认身份）虽有可能但不完整，D项treat（治疗）显然不对。根据常理，空难后家属去埋葬死者。故选A。 26. 答案：B. hesitation 解析：父亲请求作者照看女儿，“I agreed without ______.” 作者毫不犹豫地答应了。without hesitation（毫不犹豫）是固定搭配。A项complaint（抱怨）、C项condition（条件）、D项regret（后悔）均不符合。故选B。 27. 答案：B. bond 解析：作者每天三次去看望Andrea，两人之间发展出深厚的情感纽带（bond）。A项habit（习惯）、C项conflict（冲突）、D项memory（记忆）都不符合。故选B。 28. 答案：A. healed 解析：Eventually, her injuries ______, and she returned home. 最终她的伤愈合了，才能回家。B项worsened（恶化）、C项spread（扩散）、D项stabilized（稳定）不如 healed 直接且自然。故选A。 29. 答案：C. arranged 解析：三十四年后收到邮件，他们很快安排了一次视频通话。arrange a video call 是常用表达。A项cancelled（取消）、B项recorded（录制）、D项imagined（想象）均不合理。故选C。 30. 答案：B. taken 解析：Seeing the photos I had ______ of her. “我给她拍的照片”英文用 take photos。A项hidden（隐藏）、C项kept（保留）不如 taken 准确，因为照片是拍摄出来的。故选B。 31. 答案：A. wept 解析：Andrea看到自己小时候的照片，回忆起那段经历，应该是感动得哭泣。wept（哭泣）符合情感。B项smiled（微笑）太轻，C项froze（僵住）、D项nodded（点头）不合适。故选A。 32. 答案：D. explained 解析：作者问她为什么现在联系我，她解释说因为大女儿快8岁了。explained 用于说明原因。A项guessed（猜测）、B项argued（争论）、C项joked（开玩笑）都不符合。故选D。 33. 答案：B. guided 解析：她说：“I thought of how I fell out of the sky, and how you ______ me.” 在她最黑暗的时刻，作者作为医生引导、帮助了她。guided（引导）最贴切。A项missed（想念）、C项pushed（推）、D项caught（抓住）都不合语境。故选B。 34. 答案：C. grateful 解析：作者感到 deeply ______ for the privilege of having helped this child. 能帮助这个孩子是一种荣幸，作者对此深怀感激。grateful 符合。A项sorry（抱歉）、B项responsible（负责）、D项curious（好奇）都不对。故选C。 35. 答案：A. difference 解析：最后一句：“We often wonder whether we've made a ______ in our patients' lives.” make a difference 是固定短语，意为“有影响、起作用”。作者从Andrea的反馈中知道自己的确产生了积极影响。B项mistake（错误）、C项fortune（财富）、D项promise（承诺）均不符合。故选A。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 文章大意：介绍中国蓝印花布（蓝 calico）的历史、制作工艺及其在南通的传承。 36. 答案：an 解析：philosopher前用不定冠词，ancient以元音音素开头，故填an。 37. 答案：mastery 解析：early后需填名词，master的名词形式mastery，意为“精通”。 38. 答案：originated 解析：描述南宋时期，用一般过去时。 39. 答案：became 解析：南通成为知名中心，过去时。 40. 答案：playing 解析：现在分词作伴随状语，blue calico与play之间主动关系。 41. 答案：Its 解析：修饰patterns，用形容词性物主代词，首字母大写。 42. 答案：on 解析：在纸板上雕刻，用on。 43. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，用which。 44. 答案：times 解析：six to eight times，多次，time用复数。 45. 答案：thoroughly 解析：修饰washed，用副词。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 题目要求：李华给交换生James写信，针对他用AI完成论文初稿的建议发表观点、理由，并提出自己的建议和计划。 写作思路： - 观点：不建议完全依赖AI完成初稿。 - 理由：AI可能缺乏深度思考和原创性；学术诚信问题；不利于培养研究能力。 - 建议：先用AI收集资料或整理思路，但初稿应由自己完成。 - 计划：两人先讨论提纲，各自查阅资料，然后一起撰写初稿。 参考范文： Dear James, I am writing to share my opinion on your advice. While AI can be helpful, I don’t think we should rely on it to write the first draft. It may lack critical thinking and originality, which are essential for academic work. Also, using AI this way could raise integrity issues. Instead, I suggest we use AI to gather sources or generate ideas, but write the draft ourselves. Let’s first outline the paper together, then research individually, and finally meet to write. What do you think? Yours, Li Hua --- 第二节 读后续写（满分25分） 文章大意：Caden家暂时收养了一只受伤的狗Marshmallow。Caden很喜欢它，但最终要把它送给领养家庭Martin一家。Caden非常不舍。 续写思路： - 第一段：Caden目睹Marshmallow与Sofia互动，虽然伤心但逐渐接受。可能说“He likes you”，然后告别。 - 第二段：Caden和妈妈坐在门廊，妈妈安慰他，可能提议再养一只狗或以后继续寄养，Caden理解爱的含义。 参考范文： “Looks like he’s found a new pal,” Mom said softly, putting her arm around Caden. Caden nodded, fighting back tears. He watched as Marshmallow rolled over for Sofia to rub his belly. “He’s never done that for strangers,” Caden whispered. Sofia’s eyes lit up with joy. When it was time to leave, Marshmallow gave Caden one last slobbery lick. Caden scratched behind his ears and said, “Be good, buddy.” As the Martins’ car drove away, Caden felt a mix of sadness and pride. That evening, as Caden sat on the porch watching the sunset with Tater Tot by his side, Mom came out and sat beside him. “You did the right thing,” she said. “Sometimes loving someone means letting them go.” Caden leaned against her. “Can we foster another dog?” he asked. Mom smiled. “Maybe soon.” For the first time, Caden understood that home wasn’t just a place — it was the love you gave, even when it hurt. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $