Unit4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structures 学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案聚焦不定式作定语和状语的用法，通过基础感知环节先呈现不定式的功能及五种形式，再分定语（未发生动作、序数词等修饰词后等）和状语（目的、结果、原因）详细讲解，构建从基础到具体用法的学习支架，衔接前后语法知识。 资料亮点在于分层次练习设计（能力提升、典题精讲、课堂检测）和对比分析（如不定式与过去分词作定语的区别），助力学生准确运用语法提升写作能力，培养语言能力与思维品质，学后反思环节促进自主学习，有效提升学习能力。

高一年级英语导学案 编号：B3U4-5学案 编制： 审核： 班级： 姓名： 小组 ： 教师评价： B3U4-5（学案） 【学习目标】 知识目标：掌握本单元重点语法不定式作定语和状语的用法； 能力目标：提高学生非谓语动词之不定式作定语和状语的准确运用能力及写作能力。 【导学流程】 一、基础感知 to do的功能：在句子能做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语, 但不能单独做谓语。它有五种形式： 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing —— 完成式 to have done to have been done 一、做定语 1. 不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。 The car to be bought tomorrow is for his sister. 明天要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 The car bought yesterday was for his sister. 昨天买的那辆车是给他姐姐的。 2. 在序数词（first，second...）、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰的名词后用不定式作后置定语。(动词不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系) Lin Qiaozhi was the first woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. Lily was the only one to stay for the whole speech. 3. 不定代词（something，anything等）习惯上用不定式作定语。例如： There is nothing to worry about. 没什么好担心的。 Have you got anything to cure my bad cold? 4. 常见的接to do的名词有∶way, decision, ability, plan, promise, offer, warning（警告）, attempt（尝试）, willingness（意愿）, tendency（趋势），courage（勇气）, effort（努力）, measure（措施）, opportunity（机会）, right（权力）, skill等。 The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up. —Mark Twain Does he have the ability to do the job? I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit. In our country, everyone has the right to go to school. ※注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面需有相应的介词。 I am looking for a room to live in. Can I borrow a pen to write with? 二、作状语 不定式在句子中作状语时，通常可用来表示目的、结果、原因等。 1. 不定式作目的状语 Many immigrants came to San Francisco to seek their fortune during gold rush period. So as not to disturb the baby, I walked quietly. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day in order to stay healthy. 2. 不定式作结果状语 通常出现在句尾，常用于固定搭配中：only to do; too...to do; ...enough to do; (1) 表示出人意料或者不太好的结果时，用only to do (only 翻译为“结果”) I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. (意料之外) 可以和下面这个句子做一下对比： Charlie’s father died, leaving the family worse off.查理的父亲去世了，让这个家更穷了。 (意料之中) (2) "too …to …" 结构常表示"太……而不能……" He is too weak to do the work on his own. ※注意： She was too happy to meet her friend in the street. 在街上遇到她的好朋友她很高兴。 (3) "…enough to do…" 结构常表示"足够……做……" The rooms are all large enough to take a third bed. 房间都够大，可以放第三张床。 3. 不定式作原因状语 一般不置于句首，大部分表达情感等的原因。 (1) 主语+be+表情绪或感情的形容词+不定式，用于这一结构的形容词主要有： afraid, angry, anxious, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, delighted（高兴的）, disappointed, excited, shocked, surprised。例如： Nice to meet you. We were surprised to find the temple still in its original condition. (2) 主语+be+说明人的品质或行为的形容词+不定式。例如： The boy was rude to speak to the teacher like that. The boy was clever to solve the problem so quickly. (3) 主语(物)+is/ was +adj. +不定式。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等,表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. The room is comfortable to live in. 二、能力提升 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.You should grasp the ability 　　　　　　　　　(solve) the complex problems.  2.In the following 16 days, there will be 109 events 　　　　　　　　　　　(enjoy) in the sports meet.  3.　　　　　　　　　　(win) the competition, the competitors have to practice hard day and night.  4.As a secretary, he always has a lot of meetings 　　　　　　　　　　(attend).  5.Many buildings in our school need repairing, but the one 　　　　　　　　　　　(repair) first is the library.  6.The old man sitting in front of the television was happy 　　　　　　　　　　(watch) anything that happened to be on.  三、答疑解惑 【典题精讲】 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Mr. Brown hurried to the station, only 　　　　　(find) that the train had left.  2.We were astonished 　　　　　(hear) the news that he failed the driving test again.   3.　　　　　(understand) a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light.  4.A great number of immediate measures have been taken 　　　　　(ensure) people's lives and safety.  5.With their ability 　　　　　(see) ahead, drones(无人机) could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.  【课堂检测】 用所给动词的正确形式填空 Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal 1.___________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, 2.__________ (use) current technology, it would take over two years 3._______ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing 4.________ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way 5.________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible 6.__________ (travel) faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space 7._______ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. 【学后反思】 B3U4-5（学案）答案 二、能力提升 1.to solve　2.to be enjoyed　3.To win　4.to attend　5.to be repaired　6.to watch 【典题精讲】 1.to find 2.to hear 3.To understand 4. to ensure 5. to see 【课堂检测】 1. to achieve 2. using 3. to get 4. known 5. to store 6. to travel 7. to help B3U4-5（学案）答案 二、能力提升 1.to solve　2.to be enjoyed　3.To win　4.to attend　5.to be repaired　6.to watch 【典题精讲】 1.to find 2.to hear 3.To understand 4. to ensure 5. to see 【课堂检测】 1. to achieve 2. using 3. to get 4. known 5. to store 6. to travel 7. to help B3U4-5（学案）答案 二、能力提升 1.to solve　2.to be enjoyed　3.To win　4.to attend　5.to be repaired　6.to watch 【典题精讲】 1.to find 2.to hear 3.To understand 4. to ensure 5. to see 【课堂检测】 1. to achieve 2. using 3. to get 4. known 5. to store 6. to travel 7. to help B3U4-5（学案）答案 二、能力提升 1.to solve　2.to be enjoyed　3.To win　4.to attend　5.to be repaired　6.to watch 【典题精讲】 1.to find 2.to hear 3.To understand 4. to ensure 5. to see 【课堂检测】 1. to achieve 2. using 3. to get 4. known 5. to store 6. to travel 7. to help B3U4-5（学案）答案 二、能力提升 1.to solve　2.to be enjoyed　3.To win　4.to attend　5.to be repaired　6.to watch 【典题精讲】 1.to find 2.to hear 3.To understand 4. to ensure 5. to see 【课堂检测】 1. to achieve 2. using 3. to get 4. known 5. to store 6. to travel 7. to help B3U4-5（学案）答案 二、能力提升 1.to solve　2.to be enjoyed　3.To win　4.to attend　5.to be repaired　6.to watch 【典题精讲】 1.to find 2.to hear 3.To understand 4. to ensure 5. to see 【课堂检测】 1. to achieve 2. using 3. to get 4. known 5. to store 6. to travel 7. to help ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $