内容正文:
人教版九上unit 6词汇备课
1. beyond
· 词性:prep. / adv.
· 词义:超出;在……较远的一边;在(或向)更远处
· 近义词:past, exceeding (prep.)
· 反义词:within, inside
· 词性转换:无直接转换,但可对比“beyond”作为名词时(the beyond 来世,极少用)
· 常见搭配:beyond one's imagination (超出想象), beyond description (难以形容), beyond compare (无与伦比)
· 例句:The stars are beyond our reach for now.
翻译:目前星星还远在我们触及范围之外。
· 练习题:
1. 用beyond的适当形式填空(词性转换题):This problem is ______ my ability to solve.
答案:beyond (介词)
解析:此处需要介词表示“超出”,beyond作为介词直接使用,无词形变化。
2. 改写句子:The view is so beautiful that I can't describe it. → The view is beautiful ______.
答案:beyond description
解析:考查固定搭配beyond description,表示“难以形容”。
2. mission
· 词性:n.
· 词义:任务;使命
· 近义词:task, assignment, duty
· 反义词:无明确反义词
· 词性转换:missionary (n./adj. 传教士/传教的)
· 常见搭配:on a mission (执行任务), mission impossible (不可能的任务), space mission (太空任务)
· 例句:His mission is to explore the unknown galaxy.
翻译:他的使命是探索未知的星系。
3. telescope
· 词性:n.
· 词义:望远镜
· 近义词:binoculars (双筒望远镜)
· 词性转换:telescopic (adj. 望远镜的;可伸缩的)
· 常见搭配:space telescope (太空望远镜), observe through a telescope (通过望远镜观察)
· 例句:Galileo improved the telescope and made important discoveries.
翻译:伽利略改进了望远镜并做出了重要发现。
· 练习题:
1. 形容词形式填空:The ______ (telescope) lens is very powerful.
答案:telescopic
解析:telescopic意为“望远镜的”,修饰lens。
2. 词性转换:He looked at the moon with a ______ (telescope) device.
答案:telescopic
解析:同样需要形容词。
4. rover
· 词性:n.
· 词义:探测器;漫游者
· 近义词:explorer, wanderer
· 词性转换:roving (adj. 漫游的)
· 常见搭配:Mars rover (火星探测器), moon rover (月球车)
· 例句:The rover sent back valuable data from the surface of Mars.
翻译:探测器从火星表面发回了宝贵的数据。
· 练习题:
1. 用roving填空:He has a ______ (rover) eye, always looking for something new.
答案:roving
解析:roving eye是固定搭配,意为“爱东张西望的眼睛”。
2. 词性转换:The ______ (rover) robot explored the cave.
答案:roving (或直接用rover作定语,但练习要求转换,故用roving)
解析:roving robot意为“漫游机器人”。
5. manned
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:需人操作的;载人的
· 近义词:crewed
· 反义词:unmanned (adj. 无人的)
· 词性转换:man (n. 人;男人 v. 配备人员)
· 常见搭配:manned spacecraft (载人航天器), manned mission (载人任务)
· 例句:The first manned moon landing was in 1969.
翻译:首次载人登月发生在1969年。
· 练习题:
1. 反义词填空:An ______ (manned) drone can fly into dangerous areas.
答案:unmanned
解析:unmanned是manned的反义词,表示“无人的”。
2. 动词形式填空:The ship needs to be ______ (manned) by experienced sailors.
答案:manned
解析:man作动词,过去分词manned,意为“配备人员”。
6. maintain
· 词性:v.
· 词义:维修;保持
· 近义词:preserve, keep, sustain
· 反义词:neglect, abandon
· 词性转换:maintenance (n. 维护)
· 常见搭配:maintain discipline (维持纪律), maintain a relationship (维持关系)
· 例句:It's important to maintain a healthy weight.
翻译:保持健康的体重很重要。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:Regular ______ (maintain) of the equipment is necessary.
答案:maintenance
解析:注意拼写变化,maintain → maintenance。
2. 词性转换:He ______ (maintain) the car himself, but the ______ (maintain) cost is low.
答案:maintains; maintenance
解析:第一空动词三单,第二空名词。
7. launch
· 词性:v. & n.
· 词义:发射;发起
· 近义词:send off, initiate
· 反义词:cancel, abort
· 词性转换:launcher (n. 发射器)
· 常见搭配:launch a rocket (发射火箭), launch a campaign (发起运动), launch into (开始做)
· 例句:The company will launch a new product next month.
翻译:公司下月将推出一款新产品。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:The ______ (launch) of the satellite was delayed due to bad weather.
答案:launch (本身可作名词,无需变化)
解析:launch作名词,直接使用。
2. 词性转换:They ______ (launch) a fundraising event last week.
答案:launched
解析:动词过去式。
8. weightless
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:无重的;无重量的
· 近义词:light, zero-gravity
· 反义词:heavy, weighty
· 词性转换:weightlessness (n. 失重状态), weight (n. 重量)
· 常见搭配:weightless environment (失重环境)
· 例句:Astronauts feel weightless in space.
翻译:宇航员在太空中感到失重。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:______ (weightless) is a common phenomenon on the space station.
答案:Weightlessness
解析:名词化,首字母大写或不作要求。
2. 用weight适当形式填空:The ______ (weight) of the object is zero, so it is ______ (weightless).
答案:weight; weightless
解析:第一空名词,第二空形容词。
9. movement
· 词性:n.
· 词义:运动;活动
· 近义词:motion, activity
· 反义词:stillness, immobility
· 词性转换:move (v./n. 移动), moving (adj. 令人感动的), movable (adj. 可移动的)
· 常见搭配:political movement (政治运动), body movement (身体动作)
· 例句:The dance movement was graceful.
翻译:这个舞蹈动作很优雅。
· 练习题:
1. 动词形式填空:Please don't ______ (movement) while I take the photo.
答案:move
解析:don't后接动词原形move。
2. 形容词形式填空:It was a ______ (movement) story that touched everyone.
答案:moving
解析:moving意为“令人感动的”。
10. asleep
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:睡着(的)
· 近义词:sleeping, dozing
· 反义词:awake
· 注意:只作表语,不作定语
· 词性转换:sleep (v./n.), sleepy (adj. 困倦的)
· 常见搭配:fall asleep (入睡), fast asleep (熟睡)
· 例句:The baby is fast asleep in the crib.
翻译:婴儿在婴儿床里熟睡。
· 练习题:
1. 用sleep适当形式填空:I felt so ______ (sleep) after lunch.
答案:sleepy
解析:sleepy意为“困倦的”。
2. 词性转换:He ______ (asleep) for eight hours last night.
答案:slept
解析:asleep是形容词,需要改为动词sleep的过去式。He slept...
11. fall asleep
· 词组
· 词义:入睡
· 近义词:doze off, go to sleep
· 反义词:wake up
· 词性转换:无,注意fall为动词,asleep为形容词
· 常见搭配:fall asleep quickly (很快入睡)
· 例句:I usually fall asleep within ten minutes.
翻译:我通常十分钟内就入睡了。
· 练习题:
1. 用fall asleep的适当形式填空:She ______ (fall asleep) while reading last night.
答案:fell asleep
解析:fall的过去式fell。
2. 同义替换:He couldn't ______ (go to sleep) because of the noise. → 用fall asleep
答案:fall asleep
解析:考查同义表达。
12. tie
· 词性:v. / n.
· 词义:系上;束紧;领带
· 近义词:fasten, bind (v.); necktie (n.)
· 反义词:untie, loosen
· 词性转换:untie (v. 解开)
· 常见搭配:tie up (系紧;捆绑), tie in with (与……一致), tie the knot (结婚)
· 例句:He tied his shoelaces before running.
翻译:他跑步前系好了鞋带。
· 练习题:
1. 反义词填空:Please ______ (tie) the package so we can open it.
答案:untie
解析:untie意为“解开”。
2. 名词形式填空:He wore a blue silk ______ (tie) to the party.
答案:tie
解析:tie作名词“领带”。
13. geology
· 词性:n.
· 词义:地质;地质学
· 近义词:earth science
· 词性转换:geologist (n. 地质学家), geological (adj. 地质的)
· 常见搭配:geological survey (地质调查)
· 例句:Geology helps us understand the history of the Earth.
翻译:地质学帮助我们了解地球的历史。
· 练习题:
1. 形容词形式填空:They conducted a ______ (geology) survey of the region.
答案:geological
解析:geological survey。
2. 名词形式填空:A famous ______ (geology) discovered the fossil.
答案:geologist
解析:地质学家。
14. satellite
· 词性:n.
· 词义:人造卫星;卫星
· 近义词:moon (天然卫星)
· 词性转换:无常用派生,但可联想satellite状态
· 常见搭配:communications satellite (通信卫星), satellite TV (卫星电视)
· 例句:The satellite orbits the Earth every 90 minutes.
翻译:这颗卫星每90分钟绕地球一圈。
· 练习题:
1. 用satellite的复数形式填空:Many ______ (satellite) are used for navigation.
答案:satellites
解析:复数加s。
2. 词性转换:无直接转换,可设:The moon is a natural ______ (satellite) of the Earth.
答案:satellite (本身正确)
解析:没有变化,考查词义理解。
15. crazy
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:疯狂的;不理智的
· 近义词:mad, insane
· 反义词:sane, sensible
· 词性转换:crazily (adv.), craziness (n.)
· 常见搭配:be crazy about (对……着迷), drive sb. crazy (把某人逼疯)
· 例句:You're crazy to go out in this storm.
翻译:你在暴风雨中出去简直是疯了。
· 练习题:
1. 副词形式填空:He drove ______ (crazy) fast on the highway.
答案:crazily
解析:修饰fast需用副词。
2. 名词形式填空:The ______ (crazy) of his plan was obvious to everyone.
答案:craziness
解析:作主语用名词。
16. human being
· 词组:n.
· 词义:人;人类
· 近义词:human, person, mortal
· 反义词:non-human, alien
· 复数:human beings
· 词性转换:humanity (n. 人性;人类)
· 常见搭配:ordinary human beings (普通人)
· 例句:Human beings have the ability to think logically.
翻译:人类有逻辑思考的能力。
17. require
· 词性:v.
· 词义:需要;要求
· 近义词:need, demand
· 反义词:unrequire (不常用)
· 词性转换:requirement (n. 要求)
· 常见搭配:require sb. to do sth. (要求某人做某事), require doing = require to be done (需要被做)
· 例句:This job requires patience and skill.
翻译:这份工作需要耐心和技巧。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:Meeting the ______ (require) is not easy.
答案:requirements
解析:常用复数requirements。
2. 用require的适当形式填空:The garden requires ______ (water) every day.
答案:watering (或to be watered)
解析:require doing主动表被动。
18. rocket
· 词性:n.
· 词义:火箭
· 近义词:missile, projectile
· 词性转换:rocketry (n. 火箭技术)
· 常见搭配:space rocket (太空火箭), rocket launch (火箭发射)
· 例句:The rocket lifted off from the launch pad.
翻译:火箭从发射台升空。
· 练习题:
1. 用rocket的复数填空:Several ______ (rocket) were launched this year.
答案:rockets
解析:复数加s。
2. 词性转换:The development of ______ (rocket) has advanced space exploration.
答案:rocketry
解析:rocketry意为“火箭技术”。
19. cancel
· 词性:v.
· 词义:取消;终止
· 近义词:call off, abolish
· 反义词:confirm, maintain
· 词性转换:cancellation (n.)
· 常见搭配:cancel a flight (取消航班), cancel an appointment (取消预约)
· 例句:The concert was cancelled due to the storm.
翻译:音乐会因暴风雨取消了。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:The sudden ______ (cancel) of the event disappointed many fans.
答案:cancellation
解析:注意拼写:cancel → cancellation (双写l)。
2. 用cancel适当形式填空:All flights have been ______ (cancel) because of fog.
答案:cancelled (美式也可canceled)
解析:被动语态过去分词。
20. publish
· 词性:v.
· 词义:刊登;出版
· 近义词:issue, print
· 反义词:suppress, conceal
· 词性转换:publication (n.), publisher (n. 出版商)
· 常见搭配:publish a book (出版书), publish an article (发表文章)
· 例句:Her research was published in a famous journal.
翻译:她的研究发表在一本著名期刊上。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:The ______ (publish) of the novel was delayed.
答案:publication
解析:publication指出版行为或出版物。
2. 词性转换:Who is the ______ (publish) of this magazine?
答案:publisher
解析:出版商。
21. exoplanet
· 词性:n.
· 词义:系外行星
· 近义词:extrasolar planet
· 词性转换:无常见派生
· 常见搭配:discover an exoplanet (发现系外行星)
· 例句:Scientists have found thousands of exoplanets.
翻译:科学家已经发现了数千颗系外行星。
· 练习题:
1. 复数形式:Many ______ (exoplanet) are similar to Earth.
答案:exoplanets
解析:加s。
2. 构词分析:exo-表示“外部”,planet是行星,所以exoplanet意为______。
答案:系外行星
解析:考查词根理解。
22. solar
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:太阳的;太阳能的
· 近义词:sun-related
· 反义词:lunar (月球的)
· 词性转换:sol (n. 太阳,诗歌用语), solar system (名词短语)
· 常见搭配:solar energy (太阳能), solar panel (太阳能板), solar eclipse (日食)
· 例句:Solar power is a clean source of energy.
翻译:太阳能是一种清洁能源。
23. god
· 词性:n.
· 词义:神
· 近义词:deity, divinity
· 反义词:devil, demon
· 词性转换:goddess (n. 女神), godly (adj. 神圣的)
· 常见搭配:Greek god (希腊神), thank god (感谢上帝)
· 例句:In Greek mythology, Zeus is the king of gods.
翻译:在希腊神话中,宙斯是众神之王。
· 练习题:
1. 阴性形式填空:Athena is a ______ (god) of wisdom.
答案:goddess
解析:女神。
2. 形容词形式填空:He led a ______ (god) life.
答案:godly
解析:godly意为“虔诚的;神圣的”。
24. mysterious
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:神秘的;奇怪的
· 近义词:enigmatic, puzzling
· 反义词:obvious, clear
· 词性转换:mystery (n. 神秘), mysteriously (adv.)
· 常见搭配:mysterious disappearance (神秘失踪)
· 例句:There is something mysterious about the old house.
翻译:那所老房子有种神秘的气息。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:The ______ (mysterious) of the lost city remains unsolved.
答案:mystery
解析:the mystery of...
2. 副词形式填空:He looked at me ______ (mysterious).
答案:mysteriously
解析:修饰动词looked。
25. spacecraft
· 词性:n.
· 词义:宇宙飞船(单复数同形)
· 近义词:spaceship, capsule
· 常见搭配:manned spacecraft (载人飞船), unmanned spacecraft (无人飞船)
· 例句:The spacecraft entered the Earth's atmosphere.
翻译:宇宙飞船进入了地球大气层。
· 练习题:
1. 复数形式填空:Several ______ (spacecraft) were launched simultaneously.
答案:spacecraft
解析:单复数同形。
2. 词性转换:无,可设同义词替换:spaceship = ______
答案:spacecraft
26. in case
· 词组:连词或副词短语
· 词义:以防万一
· 近义词:lest, in the event that
· 用法:in case + 从句(一般现在时表将来),也可单独使用
· 常见搭配:in case of fire (万一着火)
· 例句:Take an umbrella in case it rains.
翻译:带上伞,以防下雨。
· 练习题:
1. 用in case连接句子:You should charge your phone. The power might go out. → You should charge your phone ______.
答案:in case the power goes out
解析:in case后接从句。
2. 同义短语填空:______ (以防) emergency, keep a first-aid kit at home.
答案:In case of
解析:in case of + 名词。
27. board
· 词性:n.
· 词义:板;牌子;董事会;甲板
· 近义词:plank, panel
· 词性转换:boarder (n. 寄宿生)
· 常见搭配:on board (在船/火车/飞机上), boarding pass (登机牌), blackboard (黑板)
· 例句:All passengers are now on board the plane.
翻译:所有乘客现在都已登机。
28. on board
· 词组:prep. phr.
· 词义:在船(或火车、飞机)上
· 近义词:aboard
· 反义词:off board
· 用法:常作表语、状语
· 例句:There are 200 passengers on board the ship.
翻译:船上有200名乘客。
· 练习题:
1. 同义替换:The crew is aboard the spacecraft. → The crew is ______ the spacecraft.
答案:on board
解析:on board = aboard。
2. 用on board填空:Once we are ______, the captain will greet us.
答案:on board
解析:表语。
29. billion
· 词性:num.
· 词义:十亿
· 注意:美式十亿(1e9),英式旧制万亿,现常用美式
· 词性转换:billionth (num. 第十亿)
· 常见搭配:billions of (数十亿的)
· 例句:The galaxy contains billions of stars.
翻译:这个星系包含数十亿颗恒星。
· 练习题:
1. 序数词形式填空:He is the ______ (billion) customer to win the prize.
答案:billionth
解析:第十亿个。
2. 用billion复数形式填空:______ (billion) of people live on Earth.
答案:Billions
解析:billions of 表示大约数量。
30. trillion
· 词性:num.
· 词义:万亿;兆
· 词性转换:trillionth
· 常见搭配:trillions of (数万亿的)
· 例句:The national debt is over 30 trillion dollars.
翻译:国债超过30万亿美元。
· 练习题:
1. 序数词填空:This is the ______ (trillion) time I've told you. (夸张)
答案:trillionth
解析:序数词。
2. 复数形式填空:There are ______ (trillion) of stars in the universe.
答案:trillions
解析:trillions of。
31. completely
· 词性:adv.
· 词义:彻底地;完全地
· 近义词:totally, utterly, thoroughly
· 反义词:partially, incompletely
· 词性转换:complete (adj./v.), completion (n.)
· 常见搭配:completely different (完全不同)
· 例句:I completely forgot about the meeting.
翻译:我完全忘记了会议。
· 练习题:
1. 形容词形式填空:This is a ______ (complete) waste of time.
答案:complete
解析:修饰名词waste用形容词。
2. 动词形式填空:You must ______ (complete) the project by Friday.
答案:complete
解析:must后接原形动词。
32. cooperate
· 词性:v.
· 词义:合作;协作
· 近义词:collaborate, work together
· 反义词:conflict, oppose
· 词性转换:cooperation (n.), cooperative (adj.)
· 常见搭配:cooperate with sb. (与某人合作), cooperate in doing sth. (合作做某事)
· 例句:The two countries agreed to cooperate in space exploration.
翻译:两国同意在太空探索方面合作。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:International ______ (cooperate) is essential for solving global problems.
答案:cooperation
解析:注意拼写,cooperate → cooperation。
2. 形容词形式填空:They have a very ______ (cooperate) attitude.
答案:cooperative
解析:cooperative意为“合作的”。
33. cooperate with
· 词组:动词短语
· 词义:与……合作;配合
· 近义词:work with, collaborate with
· 反义词:oppose, fight against
· 例句:We need everyone to cooperate with the investigation.
翻译:我们需要每个人都配合调查。
· 练习题:
1. 用cooperate with填空:If you ______ the police, the case will be solved faster.
答案:cooperate with
解析:直接填空。
2. 同义替换:Our team will work together with yours. → Our team will ______ yours.
答案:cooperate with
解析:同义短语替换。
34. set foot on
· 词组:动词短语
· 词义:访问;踏上(某地)
· 近义词:step on, enter
· 反义词:leave, depart from
· 用法:常用于否定句或疑问句,强调首次或重要时刻
· 例句:No human has ever set foot on Mars.
翻译:还没有人踏上过火星。
· 练习题:
1. 用set foot on填空:She dreamed of ______ (set foot on) the Great Wall one day.
答案:setting foot on
解析:of后接动名词。
2. 翻译句子:他发誓再也不踏上那片土地。
答案:He swore never to set foot on that land again.
35. galaxy
· 词性:n.
· 词义:星系
· 近义词:star system
· 词性转换:galactic (adj. 星系的)
· 常见搭配:Milky Way galaxy (银河系), galaxy cluster (星系团)
· 例句:The Andromeda galaxy is the closest major galaxy to us.
翻译:仙女座星系是离我们最近的主要星系。
· 练习题:
1. 形容词形式填空:______ (galaxy) dust obscures our view of distant stars.
答案:Galactic
解析:galactic dust。
2. 复数形式填空:There are billions of ______ (galaxy) in the universe.
答案:galaxies
解析:y变i加es。
36. unmanned
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:无(需)人操作的;无人驾驶的
· 近义词:pilotless, robotic
· 反义词:manned
· 词性转换:man (v.), manned (反义)
· 常见搭配:unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV 无人机)
· 例句:The unmanned probe sent back images of Jupiter.
翻译:无人探测器发回了木星的图像。
· 练习题:
1. 反义词填空:A ______ (unmanned) mission requires astronauts.
答案:manned
解析:反义词。
2. 用un-前缀构词:The spacecraft is ______ (manned), meaning no people on board.
答案:unmanned
解析:un- + manned。
37. craft
· 词性:n.
· 词义:技艺;工艺;飞行器;船(单复数同形)
· 近义词:skill (技艺), vessel (船), spacecraft (飞行器)
· 词性转换:craftsman (n. 工匠), craftsmanship (n. 技艺)
· 常见搭配:arts and crafts (手工艺), landing craft (登陆艇)
· 例句:He learned the craft of woodworking from his grandfather.
翻译:他从祖父那里学习了木工手艺。
· 练习题:
1. 名词复数填空:Several ______ (craft) were seen on the radar.
答案:craft
解析:单复数同形。
2. 派生词填空:The ______ (craft) man made a beautiful table.
答案:craftsman
解析:合成词。
38. spaceship
· 词性:n.
· 词义:(航天)飞船
· 近义词:spacecraft, capsule
· 常见搭配:manned spaceship (载人飞船)
· 例句:The spaceship docked with the space station.
翻译:宇宙飞船与空间站对接。
· 练习题:
1. 复数形式:Two ______ (spaceship) are in orbit.
答案:spaceships
解析:加s。
2. 同义词替换:spacecraft = ______
答案:spaceship
39. survey
· 词性:n.
· 词义:调查;民意调查;测量
· 近义词:questionnaire, poll, study
· 词性转换:survey (v. 调查;测量)
· 常见搭配:conduct a survey (进行调查), survey results (调查结果)
· 例句:According to a recent survey, 70% of people support the policy.
翻译:根据最近的一项调查,70%的人支持该政策。
· 练习题:
1. 动词形式填空:The researchers ______ (survey) 1,000 participants last month.
答案:surveyed
解析:动词过去式。
2. 用survey的适当形式填空:They are doing a ______ (survey) of consumer preferences.
答案:survey (名词)
解析:无变化,可直接使用。
40. crowded
· 词性:adj.
· 词义:人(太)多的;拥挤的
· 近义词:packed, congested
· 反义词:empty, spacious
· 词性转换:crowd (n./v. 人群/拥挤)
· 常见搭配:be crowded with (挤满……)
· 例句:The train was so crowded that I couldn't move.
翻译:火车太挤了,我动不了。
· 练习题:
1. 动词形式填空:People ______ (crowd) into the square to watch the show.
答案:crowded
解析:过去时或过去分词,这里用过去式crowded。
2. 反义词填空:The museum was ______ (crowded) on Monday morning; there were only a few visitors.
答案:empty / uncrowded
解析:反义词可以是empty或uncrowded。
41. operate
· 词性:v.
· 词义:操作;运行;动手术
· 近义词:run, control, function
· 反义词:stop, malfunction
· 词性转换:operation (n.), operator (n.), operational (adj.)
· 常见搭配:operate a machine (操作机器), operate on sb. (给某人动手术)
· 例句:He knows how to operate the new system.
翻译:他知道如何操作新系统。
· 练习题:
1. 名词形式填空:The ______ (operate) of this device is simple.
答案:operation
解析:operation操作。
2. 词性转换:She is a skilled computer ______ (operate).
答案:operator
解析:操作员。
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