专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，广东专用）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 高二下期末说明文阅读理解汇编，精选广东多地期末真题，涵盖科普知识、科学技术、社会现象等主题，素材真实且贴近时代，适配高中英语阅读能力训练。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|每篇3-4题|蚊子偏好、神经元调控、AI疾病检测、远程办公影响等|情境具时代性，如脑机接口、数字技术与认知；问题层次分明，含细节理解（如蚊子吸引因素）、推理判断（如渔业资源分配）、主旨大意（如HEAL方法目的）；与广东期末真题命题趋势一致|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东深圳罗湖区·期末） Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all. Let’s face it, mosquitoes are not equal opportunity feasters. So, what exactly makes some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others? Science reveals that a variety of factors might make you more preferable to mosquitoes, from your skin microorganisms and carbon dioxide emitted in your breath to the color of clothing you’re wearing, with colors like red, orange, and black being the most attractive to mosquitoes. But in the end, much of the variation in mosquito preference comes down to two factors: our natural and distinctive body smell and genetics. Only the females bite humans and they do it to get a “blood meal”, absorbing proteins from our blood to produce their eggs. They use their palps (触须) to detect carbon dioxide and the distinctive smell. That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes. The question of whether mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type is controversial. One hypothesis suggests that blood type may also help determine mosquito preference. If that’s the case, what blood type do mosquitoes like? The hypothesis said that the major mosquito vector of dengue virus (登革病毒) preferred people with type O blood to those with other blood types. However, separate research notes that experimental and laboratory data evaluating whether blood type makes one person more or less attractive to mosquitoes has fueled a lot of assumptions. But the result is contradictory. Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．Answering questions. B．Making a comparison. C．Presenting the subject. D．Explaining the methods. 2．Who tends to be the most attractive to mosquitoes? A．People who work out. B．The elderly and weak. C．People who wear dark colors. D．Individuals with specific blood types. 3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Mosquitoes distinctly prefer Type O blood. B．Skin smell and microorganisms play a larger role. C．The role of blood type is still under heated debate. D．Mosquitoes are attracted to all blood types equally. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the preferences of mosquitoes. B．To tell how to avoid mosquito bites effectively. C．To argue against the idea that mosquitoes prefer blood types. D．To provide scientific information about mosquito preferences. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【原文】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨蚊子究竟为何会对某些人 “情有独钟”，阐述了多种影响蚊子偏好的因素，其中对蚊子是否偏好特定血型存在争议，文章致力于提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all.(蚊子会偏爱某种特定血型吗？或许吧 —— 但影响这些带翅膀的害虫被我们吸引的因素并非单一，而且研究人员似乎也难以就确切答案达成共识。世界上有两类人：一类是从户外回来后浑身布满痒人的蚊子叮咬包的人，另一类是能在相同环境中待上数小时却完全不被叮咬的人)”首段开篇提出蚊子是否偏爱特定血型这一问题，随后描述了人们被蚊子叮咬情况的差异，其目的在于引出文章核心 —— 蚊子对人的偏好这一主题。故选C。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段 “That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes.(这意味着身体系统运转速度更快、呼出更多二氧化碳的人，包括孕妇、正在锻炼的人或饮酒的人，往往更容易吸引蚊子)” 可知，锻炼的人往往最吸引蚊子。故选A。 1．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type.(相反，研究人员报告称，成为“蚊子磁铁”的可能性与皮肤气味和微生物的关系比与血型的关系更大)” 可知，皮肤气味和微生物的作用更大。故选B。 1．推理判断题。主要探讨蚊子究竟为何会对某些人 “情有独钟”，阐述了多种影响蚊子偏好的因素，其中对蚊子是否偏好特定血型存在争议，文章致力于提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息。所以短文的目的是“提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息”。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东佛山·期末） Columbia scientists have found specialized neurons (神经元) in the brainstem of mice that order the animals to stop eating. “These neurons are unlike any other neuron involved in regulating appetite,” says Alexander Nectow, who led the research in the Nectow lab. “Other neurons in the brain are usually restricted to sensing food put into our mouth, or how food fills the gut (肠道). The neurons we found are special in that they seem to integrate all these different pieces of information and more.” Previous researchers had found the decision-making cells are located in the brainstem, but the research ended there. With new single-cell techniques, Nectow’s team spotted previously unrecognized cells that had similar characteristics to other neurons involved in regulating appetite. To study what these cells are sensing to kick them into action, the researchers measured their activity as the mice went about their day. “Essentially these neurons can smell food, see food, feel food in the mouth and in the gut, and interpret all the gut hormones (荷尔蒙) that are released in response to eating,” Nectow says. “And ultimately, they use all of this information to decide when enough is enough.” Next, the researchers used a technique called optogenetics, which involves editing the neurons so they could be switched on and off with light. When they used light to activate them, the mice slowed down their eating. Though the specialized neurons were found in mice, Nectow says their location in the brainstem, a part of the brain that is essentially the same in humans, suggests that it is highly likely that humans have the same neurons. “We think it’s a major new entry point to understanding what it means to be full, how that comes about, and how that is used to end a meal,” Nectow adds. “And we hope that it could be used for obesity (肥胖症) treatment down the road.” 1．What is unique about the newly discovered neurons? A．They affect appetite. B．They sense the food. C．They act on combined information. D．They have an impact on other neurons. 2．What is mainly discussed about the specialized neurons in paragraph 4? A．What they sense. B．How they function. C．Why they are studied. D．How they detect signals. 3．What does Nectow think of the new finding? A．It offers potential solutions to obesity. B．It explains the science of appetite. C．It maps new neurons in the human brain. D．It unlocks the mystery of brainstem. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了哥伦比亚科学家在老鼠脑干中发现的专门神经元，这些神经元能让老鼠停止进食，文章阐述了其独特性、工作原理以及该发现对理解饱腹感和治疗肥胖症的潜在意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段 “Other neurons in the brain are usually restricted to sensing food put into our mouth, or how food fills the gut. The neurons we found are special in that they seem to integrate all these different pieces of information and more.(大脑中的其他神经元通常只限于感知放入口中的食物，或者食物如何填充肠道。我们发现的这些神经元的特别之处在于，它们似乎整合了所有这些不同的信息，甚至更多)” 可知，新发现的神经元独特之处在于它们能综合各种信息并做出反应。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“To study what these cells are sensing to kick them into action, the researchers measured their activity as the mice went about their day. “Essentially these neurons can smell food, see food, feel food in the mouth and in the gut, and interpret all the gut hormones ( 荷尔蒙 ) that are released in response to eating,” Nectow says. “And ultimately, they use all of this information to decide when enough is enough.”.(为了研究这些细胞感知到什么从而促使它们发挥作用，研究人员在老鼠日常活动时测量了它们的活性。内克托说：“从根本上讲，这些神经元能够闻到食物的气味、看到食物、感知口腔和肠道内的食物，还能解读因进食而释放的所有肠道激素。最终，它们利用所有这些信息来判定什么时候就足够了。”)”可知，此段主要讲述了这些特殊神经元是如何通过感知多种信息，最终决定停止进食，即它们是如何发挥功能的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “And we hope that it could be used for obesity treatment down the road.(我们希望在未来它能被用于肥胖症的治疗)” 可知，Nectow认为这一新发现为肥胖症的治疗提供了潜在的解决方案。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——方法策略 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东茂名期末） Cross-cultural communication is common in our daily life, but it’s often not easy due to many barriers. However, there are useful strategies we can use to communicate better with people from different cultures. There are several common barriers to cross-cultural communication. Language differences top the list. When people speak different languages, they may misunderstand each other easily. Besides, different cultures have various rules about what’s polite and how to express feelings, which can also cause problems. What’s more, personal beliefs and a lack of standing in other’s shoes can make it hard for people to understand one another. To communicate effectively across cultures, the first strategy is to show respect. We should accept cultural differences, avoid making quick judgments, and be ready to learn from others. For example, in some cultures, making eye contact is a sign of respect, while in others, it may be seen as rude. So, learning about these differences shows our respect. Active listening is also key. When others are talking, we should give them our full attention, not just to their words but also to their body language. This helps us understand their real meaning. If something is unclear, don’t hesitate to ask questions. It’s much better to clarify doubts than to guess and possibly misunderstand. Using visual aids like pictures or simple videos can be very helpful, too. They can make ideas easier to understand, especially when language is a barrier. Finally, patience is necessary. Building good cross-cultural communication skills takes time. We should give ourselves and others time to adapt and get along well. By being aware of the barriers and using these strategies, we can improve our cross-cultural communication, make more friends from different cultures, and work better in diverse teams. 1．What ranks first in cross-cultural communication? A．Similar body language. B．Common cultural rules. C．Various language types. D．Conflicting personal beliefs. 2．What is key to cross-cultural communication? A．Asking for explanations. B．Controlling body language. C．Making quick judgments. D．Shaping cultural differences. 3．Why is patience necessary in cross-cultural communication? A．Understanding visuals needs time. B．Developing friendships needs time. C．Fixing misunderstandings takes time. D．Boosting communication skills requires time. 4．What can we infer from the text? A．Using visual aids is not common. B．Cross-cultural communication is easy. C．Cultural differences need highlighting. D．Realizing barriers betters communication. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述跨文化交流存在语言、文化规则等障碍，可通过尊重、积极倾听等策略改善沟通。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Language differences top the list.(语言差异位居榜首。)”可知，跨文化交流中最主要的障碍是语言差异。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“If something is unclear, don’t hesitate to ask questions. It’s much better to clarify doubts than to guess and possibly misunderstand.(如果有不清楚的地方，不要犹豫提问。澄清疑虑比猜测并可能误解要好得多。)”可知，跨文化交流的关键在于“请求解释”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Building good cross-cultural communication skills takes time.(培养良好的跨文化沟通技能需要时间。)”可知，耐心的必要性在于提升沟通技能需要时间。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By being aware of the barriers and using these strategies, we can improve our cross-cultural communication, make more friends from different cultures, and work better in diverse teams.(通过了解障碍并使用这些策略，我们可以改善跨文化交流，结交更多来自不同文化的朋友，并在不同的团队中更好地工作。)”可推知，意识到障碍能更好地促进沟通。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东广州八区联考 期末） Have you ever tried relaxing on a sunny beach, but your brain’s still stuck worrying? That’s because our brain tends to focus on the bad stuff. This is called “negativity bias (偏见)”, which helped our ancestors handle potential threats but now often traps us in cycles of overthinking. Psychologist Rick Hampson offers a science-backed solution in his book called Hardwiring Happiness. He explains that positive moments rarely leave a lasting mark unless we deliberately engage with them. This is where neuroplasticity, which means our brain can change and adapt based on what we do and think, comes in. Hampson’s research, beginning in the mid-2000s, started exploring how to use brain science to create lasting positive changes in the brain. By noticing and holding onto good experiences, we can activate our brain’s reward centers and promote positive changes. Although the sample size was small and lacked a control group, participants reported statistically feeling better, with improvements lasting up to two months. Then the HEAL method (Have a good experience, Enrich it, Absorb it, Link it to other experiences) was finally developed. Research shows that practices like mindfulness meditation (冥想) can be linked to changes in brain structure and function. Meditation and other thoughtful practices can promote neuroplasticity. Hampson also points out that social connections and feeling safe can reduce stress. He suggests that when we slow down and take a moment to feel close to friends, we’re changing our brain for the better. The real proof of Hampson’s approach lies in daily practice. He encourages people to engage in “mental hygiene” practices, which can be motivated by understanding how these activities benefit the brain. By asking ourselves if we’re a little happier, wiser, and more loving at the end of the day, we can take control of our well-being. In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines. By exploring Hardwiring Happiness, you can discover more about the science of happiness and learn practical techniques to enhance well-being. 1．What is the original function of “negativity bias”? A．To help humans to survive. B．To promote social connections. C．To remind people of bad things. D．To prevent people overthinking. 2．How does HEAL method work according to Hampson? A．By activating brain’s control centers. B．By strengthening positive experiences. C．By fighting against brain’s negativity bias. D．By removing negativity through meditation. 3．What does the underlined word “syncretizes” mean in the last paragraph? A．Bridges. B．Balances. C．Guides. D．Facilitates. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To display a bias. B．To introduce a concept. C．To recommend a new book. D．To promote a new lifestyle. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了心理学家Rick Hampson在《硬连线幸福》中提出通过科学方法提升幸福感并介绍了相关方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“That’s because our brain tends to focus on the bad stuff. This is called “negativity bias (偏见)”, which helped our ancestors handle potential threats but now often traps us in cycles of overthinking. (这是因为我们的大脑倾向于关注不好的事情。这被称为“消极偏见”，它帮助我们的祖先应对潜在的威胁，但现在却常常让我们陷入过度思考的循环中)”可知，“消极偏见”的原始功能是帮助人类生存。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“By noticing and holding onto good experiences, we can activate our brain’s reward centers and promote positive changes. (通过注意并抓住美好的经历，我们可以激活大脑的奖励中心，促进积极的改变)”以及“Then the HEAL method (Have a good experience, Enrich it, Absorb it, Link it to other experiences) was finally developed. (然后，HEAL方法（拥有美好的体验，丰富它，吸收它，将它与其他体验联系起来）最终被开发出来)”可知，HEAL方法是通过加强积极的体验来起作用的。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines.  (简而言之，《硬连线幸福》将脑科学与日常实践习惯syncretizes。对于想通过科学方法改善福祉的人而言，汉普森的书提供了宝贵洞见和技巧，这些都能轻松融入日常生活)”可知，对于想通过科学方法改善福祉的人而言，汉普森的书提供了宝贵洞见和技巧，这些都能轻松融入日常生活。由此可知，这本书将科学和日常生活结合在了一起，故syncretizes意思是“结合”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines. By exploring Hardwiring Happiness, you can discover more about the science of happiness and learn practical techniques to enhance well-being. (简而言之，《硬连线幸福》将脑科学与日常实践习惯相结合。对于想通过科学方法改善福祉的人而言，汉普森的书提供了宝贵洞见和技巧，这些都能轻松融入日常生活。探索《硬连线幸福》，你将发现更多关于幸福的科学，并学会提升福祉的实用技巧)”可知，文章主要介绍了心理学家Rick Hampson在书中提出通过科学方法提升幸福感并介绍了相关方法。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本新书。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东广州越秀区·期末） Kawasaki disease is every parent’s nightmare. This rare illness causes inflammation (炎症) in blood vessels and can damage the heart of babies and young children. Historically, it has been difficult to diagnose (诊断), until recently, when a young inventor developed an app that can detect it. When Ellen Xu, a San Diego native, was five, her parents rushed her kid sister to the hospital. Three-year-old Kate, developed a high fever, red eyes, and a rash (皮疹). At first the puzzled doctors guessed that she had a flu. But when her condition didn’t improve, the Xus returned to the Emergency Room, where Kate was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. Kate was then treated with antibodies that help boost immunity (免疫力). In time, she shook off the illness without suffering damage to her heart, making her one of the lucky ones. Years later, Ellen, needing a project for a high school science fair, recalled her sister’s illness. “It was a puzzle I wanted to solve,” she says. So, she set out to do just that. Using data, she created an AI-powered app to identify the physical symptoms of Kawasaki disease from a photo. The app works similarly to apps that identify plants or birds. It scans a photograph of the child and looks for signs of Kawasaki disease, such as rashes and a swollen tongue. It’s a brilliant innovation that likely wouldn’t have come about if it all weren’t so personal. Ellen’s innovation earned recognition, and soon, her app will be available on the Kawasaki Disease Foundation’s website. What started as a science fair project could now help doctors diagnose the disease faster, preventing heart damage in young children. As for Kate? Ellen says the little girl with the mysterious disease is now a thriving high school junior with dreams of becoming an environmental engineer. And Ellen, now at Stanford, proves that even childhood struggles can inspire brilliant solutions. 1．The underlined phrase “shook off” in paragraph 2 most likely means ________. A．dealt with B．recovered from C．became aware of D．put up with 2．What inspired Ellen Xu to develop her AI app for Kawasaki disease detection? A．Her interest in AI programming. B．Her need for her school science fair. C．Her own battle with Kawasaki disease. D．Her sister’s childhood illness experience. 3．How does Ellen’s app work to detect Kawasaki disease? A．By monitoring the rashes and swollen tongue. B．By analyzing photographs of visible symptoms. C．By tracking antibodies that help boost immunity. D．By comparing symptoms with historical patient data. 4．What may be the best title for the passage? A．How AI Is Revolutionizing Rare Disease Detection B．Kawasaki Disease: Overcoming Diagnosis Challenges C．A Sister’s Fight against Disease Sparks an AI Lifesaver D．From Science Fair to Medical Fame: Ellen Xu’s Journey 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Ellen Xu因妹妹患川崎病的经历，开发出能通过照片检测该病的AI应用的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the illness without suffering damage to her heart, making her one of the lucky ones(这场病并未对她的心脏造成损害，使她成为了幸运儿之一)”可知，她从疾病中恢复过来，故划线词意思是“恢复”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Years later, Ellen, needing a project for a high school science fair, recalled her sister’s illness.(多年以后，Ellen为了参加高中科学展而需要准备一个项目，于是她想起了妹妹的病)”可知，Ellen Xu开发这款用于检测川崎病的人工智能应用程序的灵感来自她妹妹儿时患病的经历。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The app works similarly to apps that identify plants or birds. It scans a photograph of the child and looks for signs of Kawasaki disease, such as rashes and a swollen tongue. It’s a brilliant innovation that likely wouldn’t have come about if it all weren’t so personal.(这款应用程序的运作方式与那些用于识别植物或鸟类的应用程序类似。它会扫描孩子的照片，寻找川崎病的迹象，比如皮疹和肿胀的舌头。这是一个非常出色的创新成果，如果不是因为其高度个性化的特点，可能就不会出现这样的产品)”可知，这款应用程序通过分析可见症状的照片检测川崎病。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Kawasaki disease is every parent’s nightmare. This rare illness causes inflammation in blood vessels and can damage the heart of babies and young children. Historically, it has been difficult to diagnose, until recently, when a young inventor developed an app that can detect it.(川崎病是每个家长的噩梦。这种罕见的疾病会导致血管发炎，并可能损害婴儿和幼儿的心脏。过去，由于诊断困难，这种情况一直未得到重视。直到最近，一位年轻的发明家开发出了一款应用程序，能够检测出这种疾病)”结合文章主要说明了Ellen Xu因妹妹患川崎病的经历，开发出能通过照片检测该病的AI应用的故事可知，C选项“妹妹与疾病的抗争催生了人工智能救生设备”最符合文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东汕头·期末） A few years ago, Casey Harrell was diagnosed with ALS, a brain disease that left him paralyzed (瘫痪) and unable to speak. But thanks to a groundbreaking brain implant, Harrell now “speaks” through an electronic voice device. This AI-powered brain implant is a milestone for neurotechnology (神经技术). Now, scientists from University of California have developed a streaming approach to restore speech for those with severe paralysis. This new technology addresses the issue of latency — delays between a person’s attempt to speak and sound production — by using AI to almost instantly transform brain signals into speech, marking a significant breakthrough in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). The study, published in Nature Neuroscience, marks a critical step toward enabling communication for speaking impaired individuals. “Our streaming approach makes it possible for the brain implant to obtain the rapid speech decoding capacity,” says Gopala, Assistant Professor at University of California, Berkeley. The technology uses an algorithm (算法) similar to smart voice assistant to decode neural data and enable real-time voice streaming. To train their algorithm, researchers had a subject, Ann who couldn’t speak, look at tips on the screen — like “Hey, how are you?” — and then silently attempt to speak that sentence. This provided a mapping between neural activity and intended speech. AI used a pretrained text-to-speech model to reproduce her pre-injury voice. With the new streaming approach, output can be generated in near real time as the subject attempts to speak, compared to an 8-second delay for a single sentence in the previous BCI studies. This greater speed did not come at the cost of precision. The faster interface delivered the same high level of accuracy as their previous, non-streaming approach. The device can continuously decode speech, allowing for uninterrupted conversation. This latest work lays the groundwork for future advances. The focus remains on building expressivity into output voice to reflect changes in tone or loudness during speech, for example, when someone is excited. 1．What breakthrough did the new technology make in BCI? A．The transformation of brain signals. B．The speed of speech generation. C．The reduction on the cost of devices. D．The integration of brain and computer. 2．What does the underlined word “impaired” mean in the third paragraph? A．Damaged. B．Improved. C．Untrained. D．Repaired. 3．What can we learn about Ann? A．She was unable to speak at birth. B．She could be heard with the help of AI. C．She provided a map for neural activity. D．She was required to read out tips on the screen. 4．What future improvement will the research team focus on? A．The speed of decoding. B．The level of accuracy. C．The fluency of conversation. D．The expression of emotion. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项突破性脑机接口BCI技术，利用AI近乎实时地将大脑信号转化为语音，显著缩短了延迟时间，并帮助语言障碍者恢复沟通能力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This new technology addresses the issue of latency — delays between a person’s attempt to speak and sound production — by using AI to almost instantly transform brain signals into speech, marking a significant breakthrough in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). (这项新技术解决了延迟问题，即一个人试图说话和声音产生之间的延迟，利用AI几乎瞬间将大脑信号转化为语音)”可知，这项新技术的突破在于语音生成的速度。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The study, published in Nature Neuroscience, marks a critical step toward enabling communication for speaking impaired individuals. (这项发表在《自然神经科学》上的研究标志着为言语impaired个体实现沟通迈出了关键的一步)”可知，需要帮助恢复交流能力的人应该是语言受损的个体，画线词意为“受损的”。A. Damaged受损的；B. Improved改良的；C. Untrained未受训练的；D. Repaired修复的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This provided a mapping between neural activity and intended speech. AI used a pretrained text-to-speech model to reproduce her pre-injury voice. (这为神经活动与语言意图之间建立了映射关系。AI系统通过预训练的文本转语音模型，复现了她受伤前的原有声音)”可知，在人工智能的帮助下，Ann的声音可以被可以听到。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This latest work lays the groundwork for future advances. The focus remains on building expressivity into output voice to reflect changes in tone or loudness during speech, for example, when someone is excited. (这项最新研究为未来的技术突破奠定了基础。研究重点仍在于为输出语音增加表现力，以反映说话时的语调或音量变化，例如当某人兴奋时)”可知，研究团队未来将专注于情感表达的改进。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·广东深圳外国语学校·期末） From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blind passenger this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Roma and Aedo Project to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows. The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through LED lights, which vibrate differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they’re seeing. “As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling,” Federico Russo, one director of GTB Roma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.” The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. However, the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential action. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To list daily activities. B．To present research results. C．To introduce the main topic. D．To describe a specific scene. 2．How does the smart car window work? A．By changing shades of colors. B．By recording the view with a camera. C．By classifying shaking movements. D．By translating scenery into vibrations. 3．What does Federico Russo say about the technology? A．It will have wide application. B．It will be tested across the world. C．It will be used in schools first. D．It will understand many languages. 4．What do we know about Ford? A．It aims to develop brand new LED lights. B．It’s a small-scale startup at its first stage. C．It has determined the timing of marketing. D．It hasn’t employed the technology widely. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了福特联合其他机构研发智能车窗，通过摄像头、LED灯和语音助手，让盲人触摸感知风景，该技术或用于自动驾驶汽车及更多领域。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blind passenger this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Roma and Aedo Project to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows. (从起伏的山丘到绵延的山脉，沿途的景色能让任何一次公路旅行都变得难忘，但对于失明的乘客来说，这却是他们所错过的体验之一。汽车制造商福特试图改变这一现状。它与GTB罗马和艾多项目合作，开发了一项技术，能让这些不幸的乘客通过车窗感受到大自然的美丽。)”可知，第一段的作用是引入文章关于智能车窗的主题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. (当手指在图像的不同区域移动时，其晃动的动作会通过触觉传递给使用该设备的人，从而提供反馈信息。)”可知，智能车窗通过将景象转化为震动来工作。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.” (他认为这项技术不仅能应用于汽车领域。“它还可以引入盲人学校和相关机构，作为一种能以多种方式使用的工具。”)”可知，费德里科·鲁索认为这项技术将会有广泛的应用。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. (这项技术可能会出现在福特的自动驾驶汽车中。众所周知，该公司正在测试其技术以及未来的商业模式，并且正在努力弄清楚自动驾驶汽车如何为不同的乘客提供从一个目的地前往另一个目的地所需的信息。目前尚不清楚这项技术何时会投入使用。)”可知，福特公司并未广泛采用这项技术。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——社会问题和现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东肇庆·期末） Just before sunrise, a big seafood meeting happens near Honolulu Harbor. As two dozen or so buyers enter the United Fishing Agency warehouse, they wear coats over their shirts to prevent the cold. They call their customers in Tokyo, Los Angeles, Honolulu — wherever expensive fish are eaten — and wait. Soon, the big doors on the ocean side of the warehouse open, and workers start displaying fish on platforms. The tuna are as round and wide as a car wheel. For spearfish and swordfish, their long noses are cut off, and their bodies lie in rows like dull gray beams. Opah (月鱼), with big, round eyes like hockey balls, have thick lips. They all take their places in the hall. The sellers cut small pieces from the fish as samples and place the meat on their pale white bellies. The buyers finger these pieces, trying to estimate the quality from the color, clarity, and fat content. They get instructions on their phones, and prices are negotiated through unspoken hand gestures. When a fish is sold, a small piece of paper is put on the fish, with vague handwriting notes. One by one, the fish are sold to the person who offers the most money. This is how the ocean’s treasure from the north-central Pacific is shared among some of the richest people in the world. While this auction feeds the wealthy, the global fishing industry tells a darker story. Every year, more than 170 billion pounds of wild fish and shellfish are caught in the oceans — approximately three times the weight of every man, woman, and child in the United States. Fisheries managers call this overwhelming quantity of mass-hunted wildlife the “world catch (全球捕获量)”, and many people think that this harvest has been relatively stable over the past decade. But an ongoing study conducted by Daniel Pauly, a fisheries scientist, cooperating with Enric Sala, from National Geographic, suggests that the world catch is neither stable nor fairly divided among the nations of the world. The wealthier nations that purchase most of the products of these fisheries are essentially privatizing them. Poore r countries simply cannot afford to buy high-value species. 1．What can be inferred about the seafood customers? A．They prefer freshly caught fish. B．They are from high-end customer markets. C．They focus on affordable seafood. D．They visit the warehouse personally. 2．How can the buyers know the quality of the fish? A．From their customers’ advice. B．From the sellers’ introduction. C．From the paper on the fish. D．From touching flesh samples. 3．What does the underlined word “auction” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Public sale. B．Peak season. C．Final price. D．Press conference. 4．Where is this passage most likely taken from? A．A travel guide about Honolulu’s attractions. B．A cooking magazine featuring seafood recipes. C．An investigative report on marine conservation issues. D．An adventure novel set in Hawaii’s fishing community. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了檀香山港附近的一个大型海鲜交易场景，并揭示了全球渔业背后的问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“They call their customers in Tokyo, Los Angeles, Honolulu — wherever expensive fish are eaten — and wait.(他们打电话给东京、洛杉矶、檀香山等地的客户——任何吃昂贵鱼的地方——然后等待。)”可知，这些海鲜顾客来自吃昂贵鱼的地方，即高端客户市场。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The sellers cut small pieces from the fish as samples and place the meat on their pale white bellies. The buyers finger these pieces, trying to estimate the quality from the color, clarity, and fat content.(卖家从鱼身上切下小块作为样品，并将肉放在它们的上。买家触摸这些肉块，试图从颜色、透明度和脂肪含量来估计质量。)”可知，买家通过触摸肉样来知道鱼的质量。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The sellers cut small pieces from the fish as samples and place the meat on their pale white bellies. The buyers finger these pieces, trying to estimate the quality from the color, clarity, and fat content. They get instructions on their phones, and prices are negotiated through unspoken hand gestures. When a fish is sold, a small piece of paper is put on the fish, with vague handwriting notes. One by one, the fish are sold to the person who offers the most money.(卖家从鱼身上切下小块作为样品，把鱼肉放在自己苍白的肚皮上。买家们用手指捻着这些鱼肉块，试图从颜色、透明度和脂肪含量来判断其品质。他们通过手机接收指示，并用无声的手势来议价。当一条鱼卖出时，就会有一张写着模糊字迹的小纸片贴在鱼身上。鱼被一条接一条地卖给出价最高的人。)”可知，买家通过触摸肉样来估计鱼的质量，然后通过电话获得指示，并通过无声的手势进行价格谈判。当一条鱼被卖出时，会在鱼身上放一张小纸片，上面写着模糊的手写笔记。鱼一条一条地卖给出价最高的人。由此可推测，这个场景描述的是一个拍卖的过程，由此可知，auction意为“公开拍卖”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章主要描述了檀香山港附近的一个大型海鲜交易场景，并揭示了全球渔业背后的问题，如全球捕获量的不稳定性和国家间的不公平分配，以及富裕国家对渔业资源的私有化等。这些问题都与海洋保护相关，由此可知，这篇文章最有可能摘自一份关于海洋保护问题的调查报告。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东云浮·期末） Remote work has become increasingly common, but does it truly improve employees’ well-being? According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. Researchers divided workers into four categories: those who always work remotely; those with hybrid (混合的) arrangements (splitting time between home and office); those based in an office but free to work remotely; and those who must remain in an office at all times. The study found that 31% of fully remote employees reported feeling engaged — meaning they were interested in and focused on their work — whereas only 19% of office-only workers felt similarly, which was the lowest among all categories. Despite higher engagement, fully remote workers reported more frequent stress: 45%said they often felt tense, compared to a lower proportion among office-based staff. Hybrid workers showed similar stress levels (46%). Moreover, at least one-quarter of remote workers admitted to feelings of anger, loneliness, or sadness — emotions less commonly reported by those working entirely on-site. Researcher Ryan Pendell suggests two main reasons for these findings. First, remote workers miss the informal interactions — chatting by the coffee machine or eating lunch together — that foster a sense of connection and reduce stress. Second, working from home demands self-management of time and tasks; constant online meetings and messaging can intensify pressure and blur work-life boundaries. Pendell emphasizes that companies must address the emotional needs of all employees, whether they work from home or in an office. While remote work can boost focus and flexibility, organizations should offer social support, clear guidelines for time management, and opportunities for in-person collaboration (合作). Only by balancing productivity with well-being can businesses ensure long-term success and a truly satisfied workforce. For example, companies might organize regular virtual coffee breaks, schedule occasional in-person gatherings. Encouraging employees to set clear work hours and take regular breaks also helps reduce burnout. By combining structured support programs with flexible policies, businesses can create a work environment that fosters engagement, protects mental health, and sustains productivity. 1．What did the research find about the employees working entirely from home? A．They focus more on tasks but feel worse emotionally. B．They have lower stress than office staff. C．They feel much more stressed than hybrid workers. D．They value flexibility more than teamwork. 2．Which employee group is reported the least work engagement? A．Those dividing time between home and workplace. B．Those allowed flexibility to work off-site. C．Those required to work at an office only. D．Those managing tasks remotely. 3．What does the underlined word “blur” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Clarify. B．Confuse. C．Separate. D．Define. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Manage a Remote Team B．The Rise of Digital Communication C．The Emotional Impact of Working from Home D．Office vs. Home: a Productivity Comparison 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了远程工作日益普遍，研究发现全远程工作者工作投入度更高，但负面情绪更强，还分析了原因并给出企业应对建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. (根据盖洛普最近一项基于全球调查的报告，全远程工作者可能对任务更投入，但他们经常会经历更强烈的负面情绪)”可知，全远程工作者更专注于任务，但情绪方面感觉更糟。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study found that 31% of fully remote employees reported feeling engaged — meaning they were interested in and focused on their work — whereas only 19% of office only workers felt similarly, which was the lowest among all categories. (研究发现，31%的全远程员工表示有工作投入感，即他们对工作感兴趣并专注于工作，而仅在办公室工作的员工中只有19%有类似感受，这是所有类别中比例最低的)”可知，只被要求在办公室工作的员工工作投入度最低。故选C项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Second, working from home demands self management of time and tasks; constant online meetings and messaging can intensify pressure and blur work-life boundaries. (其次，在家工作需要自我管理时间和任务；持续的在线会议和信息传递会加剧压力，并……工作与生活的界限)”和常识可知，在家工作时，持续的线上工作会让工作和生活的界限变得不清晰，混淆它们之间的界限。所以划线词blur与B项“Confuse”意思相近，表示“混淆”。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Remote work has become increasingly common, but does it truly improve employees’ well-being? According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. (远程工作变得越来越普遍，但它真的能提高员工的幸福感吗?根据盖洛普最近一项基于全球调查的报告，全远程工作者可能对任务更投入，但他们经常会经历更强烈的负面情绪)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于远程工作对员工情绪的影响的研究。故C项“The Emotional Impact of Working from Home (在家工作对情绪影响)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选C项。 主题03 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东潮州·期末） A good shower can relax not only your body but also your mind, unleashing (释放) streams of consciousness (意识流) and creativity. Research shows that what is known as the “shower effect” also can occur outside the shower, and many of our best thoughts don’t happen at work or school — but occur while going about our days with ideas incubating (酝酿) in the background. In a study, 98 professional writers and 87 physicists recorded their most creative ideas each day, as well as what they were doing and thinking when it struck them. While most of the ideas occurred at work, 20 percent of their most meaningful ideas came while doing something else—washing dishes or taking a shower. Notably, the ideas the writers and physicists had away from their jobs were self-assessed to be just as creative and important as the ones they had at work. However, the shower effect on creativity is the product of mind-wandering, where your thoughts are anywhere but on the task at hand. Historically, researchers focused on the negative effects of mind-wandering, which can disrupt (扰乱) performance and have been associated with unhappiness. But the nature of the mind-wandering matters. In another study, over 300 university students were first asked to come up with as many novel uses as possible for ordinary objects such as a brick or paper clip (曲别针) in 90 seconds. This is known as an alternative use task, which tests creativity. The students then watched a boring video. The activity gave time for the students’ ideas to incubate and for their minds to wander. When the students were tested again, their mind-wandering led to more creative ideas. An activity such as taking a shower or a walk (or watching a romantic comedy video) “takes some of your attention so that they can influence your thoughts, but doesn’t take all of it so that you pay no attention to these creative ideas that are incubating in the background.” said Zachary Irving, author of the study. 1．What do we know about the shower effect? A．It requires focused attention. B．It fails to work outside the shower. C．It enables people to have innovative ideas unconsciously. D．It is the main cause of people’s poor performance at work. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study among writers and physicists? A．They assessed their ideas at work. B．They asked them to record their creative ideas. C．They tested their creativity after they took a shower. D．They required them to use an ordinary object creatively. 3．What does the study among university students show? A．Mind-wandering can disrupt performance. B．People’s thoughts are anywhere but on the task at hand. C．Free-flowing thoughts in moderate task boost creativity. D．Mind-wandering has been associated with unhappiness. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why does the mind wander? B．Why do we get our best ideas in the shower? C．How can you become a more creative person? D．How may your shower routine affect your health? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“淋浴效应”，即人们在做日常琐事时能无意识地产生创新想法，研究表明适度任务中的自由流动思维能提升创造力。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A good shower can relax not only your body but also your mind, unleashing (释放) streams of consciousness (意识流) and creativity.(一场畅快的淋浴不仅能放松你的身体，还能放松你的大脑，释放意识流和创造力)”和第二段“Research shows that what is known as the “shower effect” also can occur outside the shower, and many of our best thoughts don’t happen at work or school — but occur while going about our days with ideas incubating (酝酿) in the background. (研究表明，所谓的“淋浴效应”也可以在淋浴之外出现，我们许多最好的想法不是在工作或学习时产生的，而是在我们度过日常生活时，想法在潜意识中酝酿时产生的)”可知，“淋浴效应”能让人无意识地产生创新想法。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a study, 98 professional writers and 87 physicists recorded their most creative ideas each day, as well as what they were doing and thinking when it struck them. (在一项研究中，98位专业作家和87位物理学家每天记录他们最有创意的想法，以及这些想法出现时他们正在做什么和想什么)”可知，研究人员通过让作家和物理学家记录他们的创意想法来进行研究。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In another study, over 300 university students were first asked to come up with as many novel uses as possible for ordinary objects such as a brick or paper clip (曲别针) in 90 seconds. This is known as an alternative use task, which tests creativity. The students then watched a boring video. The activity gave time for the students’ ideas to incubate and for their minds to wander. When the students were tested again, their mind-wandering led to more creative ideas. (在另一项研究中，研究人员首先要求300多名大学生在90秒内尽可能多地为砖块、曲别针等日常物品想出新颖用途。这项被称为“替代用途测试”的实验常用于评估创造力。随后，学生们观看了一段枯燥的视频。这段空白时间让学生的创意得以“孵化”，思维得以自由漫游。当再次测试时，研究发现这种思维漫游状态能激发更多创新想法)”可知，在适度任务中的思维自由漫游能提升创造力。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“A good shower can relax not only your body but also your mind, unleashing (释放) streams of consciousness (意识流) and creativity.(一场畅快的淋浴不仅能放松你的身体，还能放松你的大脑，释放意识流和创造力)”、第二段“Research shows that what is known as the “shower effect” also can occur outside the shower, and many of our best thoughts don’t happen at work or school — but occur while going about our days with ideas incubating (酝酿) in the background. (研究表明，所谓的“淋浴效应”也可以在淋浴之外出现，我们许多最好的想法不是在工作或学习时产生的，而是在我们度过日常生活时，想法在潜意识中酝酿时产生的)”以及后文对相关研究的介绍，可知文章主要围绕为什么人们在淋浴等日常活动中能产生最好的想法展开，解释了“淋浴效应”。故B项“Why do we get our best ideas in the shower? (为什么我们在淋浴时能产生最好的想法?)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东肇庆·期末） Scientists from the University of Cambridge found a gene problem that causes PRA (犬类进行性视网膜萎缩) in English Shepherd Dogs. They developed a DNA test to identify this issue before dogs lose their sight. This helps the animal keepers stop the disease from spreading to puppies (young dogs). Usually, owners don’t know their dog has PRA until it’s middle-aged. By then, the dog might have already made puppies with the bad gene. But now, PRA can be prevented quickly from English Shepherds. Katherine Stanbury, a researcher, explained, “Once a dog starts to lose its vision, there is no treatment; it will eventually become completely blind. But with the new DNA test, there’s no reason why any more English Shepherd Dogs should be born with this form of PRA．It gives keepers a way to get rid of the disease entirely. ” The gene for PRA is hidden. A dog needs two bad copies of the gene to get PRA．One bad copy means the dog can pass it on. If two dogs with one bad copy have puppies, one out of four might get PRA．Dog keepers frequently breed (繁殖；饲养) English Shepherds from close families, which makes them more likely to have gene problems. The study started when an owner asked for help with a blind English Shepherd. The team collected DNA samples from other English Shepherds and used high-tech methods to find the exact gene issue. The university now offers a DNA testing service for dog owners to prevent inherited diseases that are passed through genes. The test costs £48 and is done by rubbing the dog’s mouth with special cotton. Dr. Cathryn Mellersh noted, “Owners might not notice their dog’ s vision problems until the dog bumps into things. For the cost of a good bag of dog food, owners can test their English Shepherds for PRA before they breed. This is to prevent, not to cure. It means a lot to breeders. They no longer have to worry if their puppies will stay healthy or develop this terrible disease. ” This research could also provide insights into a similar human disease called retinitis pigmentosa (视网膜色素变性症), which also causes blindness. 1．Why did researchers develop a DNA test for PRA? A．To treat the PRA disease. B．To prevent PRA spread. C．To study PRA symptoms. D．To limit affected dogs. 2．Which statement about PRA gene is true? A．Dogs need two gene copies to develop PRA． B．All puppies from two carriers will have PRA． C．English Shepherds rarely suffer from PRA． D．One gene copy causes PRA in English dogs. 3．How is the passage organized? A．Introduction — examples — solution. B．Background — methods — results. C．Question — research — findings. D．Problem — causes — prevention. 4．What does the passage focus on? A．A treatment for blindness in old dogs. B．Genetic causes of PRA in aging dogs. C．A DNA test to prevent a dog blindness. D．A breeding method for healthy dogs. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了剑桥大学的科学家发现了一种导致英国牧羊犬患进行性视网膜萎缩（PRA）的基因问题，并开发了一种DNA测试来在狗狗失明前识别这个问题，从而帮助动物饲养者阻止这种疾病传播给幼犬。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They developed a DNA test to identify this issue before dogs lose their sight. This helps the animal keepers stop the disease from spreading to puppies.(他们开发了一种DNA测试，在狗失明前识别这个问题。这有助于动物饲养者阻止这种疾病传播给幼犬。)”可知，研究人员开发PRA的DNA测试是为了防止PRA传播。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A dog needs two bad copies of the gene to get PRA.(一只狗需要携带该基因的两个缺陷拷贝才会患上进行性视网膜萎缩（PRA）。)”可知，狗需要两个基因拷贝才能患上PRA。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists from the University of Cambridge found a gene problem that causes PRA in English Shepherd Dogs.(剑桥大学的科学家发现了一种导致英国牧羊犬患PRA的基因问题。)”可知，这句话提出了问题；根据第三段“The study started when an owner asked for help with a blind English Shepherd.(这项研究始于一位主人请求帮助一只失明的英国牧羊犬。)”可知，这句话讲述了研究的原因；根据最后一段“This research could also provide insights into a similar human disease called retinitis pigmentosa, which also causes blindness.(这项研究还可以为一种类似的导致失明的人类疾病视网膜色素变性症提供见解。)”可知，这句话讲述了这项研究的意义，即预防。由此可知，这篇文章的组织结构是问题——原因——预防。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists from the University of Cambridge found a gene problem that causes PRA in English Shepherd Dogs. They developed a DNA test to identify this issue before dogs lose their sight. This helps the animal keepers stop the disease from spreading to puppies.(剑桥大学的科学家发现了一种导致英国牧羊犬患PRA的基因问题。他们开发了一种DNA测试，在狗失明前识别这个问题。这有助于动物饲养者阻止这种疾病传播给幼犬。)”可知，这篇文章的重点是预防狗失明的DNA测试。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·广东江门·期末） In the 21st century, digital technology has changed many aspects of our lives. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is the latest newcomer, with chatbots and other AI tools changing how we learn and creating considerable challenges. What’s the impact of technology on the aging brain? A comprehensive new study from researchers at the University of Texas and Baylor University in the United States provides important answers. The study, published in Nature Human Behaviour, challenges the idea of “digital Tementia”, a hypothesis introduced by German neuroscientist Manfred Spitzer in 2012. This hypothesis suggests that over-dependence on digital devices weakens cognitive (认知的) abilities, particularly in older adults. However, the study, conducted by neuropsychologists Jared Benge and Michael Scullin, found no evidence to support this hypothesis. Instead, it revealed that the use of computers, smartphones, and the Internet among individuals over 50 is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline. The study employed a meta-analysis approach, combining data from 57 previous studies involving over 411,000 adults. It found that higher technology use was linked to a 58 reduction in the risk of cognitive decline, even when the effect of other things known to contribute to cognitive decline, such as socioeconomic status and other health factors were taken into account. Meanwhile, this benefit is comparable to or stronger than other known protective factors, such as physical activity and maintaining healthy blood pressure. These findings are encouraging. But we still can’t say technology use causes better cognitive function. More research is needed to see if these findings can be applied to different groups of people, especially those from low and middle income countries, and to understand why this relationship might occur. Meanwhile, with our interaction with technology constantly changing, future research will need to address both the benefits and potential downsides of technology, especially for younger generations, to ensure that we can take full advantage of its advantages while minimizing risks. 1．What can be inferred about the term “digital dementia” based on the text? A．It is a proven consequence of natural aging processes. B．It refers to cognitive decline caused by overuse of digital devices. C．It describes technology’s ability to enhance memory in older adults. D．It highlights better cognitive function caused by social media overuse. 2．What do the results of the new study indicate? A．Younger generation benefits more from technology use. B．Technology use in the old works well in reducing cognitive decline. C．Technology use is the most effective way to prevent cognitive decline. D．Physical activity is less important than technology use for cognitive health. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the new study? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 4．What is the author’s purpose to write the text? A．To explore the influence of digital technology on life. B．To argue against the use of technology in older adults. C．To discuss how technology can support cognitive health in aging. D．To compare the different methods of maintaining cognitive abilities. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是数字技术对老年人认知健康的影响，特别是通过一项新研究来挑战“数字痴呆”的假说，并强调技术使用可能对老年人的认知健康有积极影响。同时，文章也指出了研究的局限性和未来研究的方向。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“This hypothesis suggests that over-dependence on digital devices weakens cognitive (认知的) abilities, particularly in older adults.(这一假设表明，过度依赖数字设备会削弱认知能力，尤其是老年人。)”可知，“数字痴呆”指的是由于过度使用数字设备而导致的认知能力下降。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, it revealed that the use of computers, smartphones, and the Internet among individuals over 50 is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline.(相反，研究显示，在50岁以上的人群中，使用电脑、智能手机和互联网与认知能力下降的风险降低有关。)”可知，这项新研究的结果表明了老年人使用科技产品可以很好地减少认知能力下降。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These findings are encouraging. But we still can’t say technology use causes better cognitive function. More research is needed to see if these findings can be applied to different groups of people, especially those from low and middle income countries, and to understand why this relationship might occur.(这些研究结果令人鼓舞。但我们仍不能断言使用科技就能改善认知功能。还需要开展更多研究，以观察这些研究结果是否适用于不同人群，尤其是中低收入国家的人群，同时弄清楚为何会出现这种关联。)”可知，作者对这项新研究的态度是客观的，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The study, published in Nature Human Behaviour, challenges the idea of “digital Tementia”, a hypothesis introduced by German neuroscientist Manfred Spitzer in 2012. This hypothesis suggests that over-dependence on digital devices weakens cognitive (认知的) abilities, particularly in older adults.(这项发表在《自然·人类行为》杂志上的研究对“数字痴呆症”这一观点提出了挑战。该假说是由德国神经科学家Manfred Spitzer于2012年提出的，其认为过度依赖数字设备会削弱认知能力，尤其是在老年人群体中。)”和“Instead, it revealed that the use of computers, smartphones, and the Internet among individuals over 50 is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline.(相反，研究显示，在50岁以上的人群中，使用电脑、智能手机和互联网与认知能力下降的风险降低有关。)”可知，本文主要讲的是数字技术对老年人认知健康的影响，特别是通过一项新研究来挑战“数字痴呆”的假说，并强调技术使用可能对老年人的认知健康有积极影响。同时，文章也指出了研究的局限性和未来研究的方向，因此本文的目的是讨论科技如何支持老年人的认知健康。故选C。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东深圳罗湖区·期末） Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all. Let’s face it, mosquitoes are not equal opportunity feasters. So, what exactly makes some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others? Science reveals that a variety of factors might make you more preferable to mosquitoes, from your skin microorganisms and carbon dioxide emitted in your breath to the color of clothing you’re wearing, with colors like red, orange, and black being the most attractive to mosquitoes. But in the end, much of the variation in mosquito preference comes down to two factors: our natural and distinctive body smell and genetics. Only the females bite humans and they do it to get a “blood meal”, absorbing proteins from our blood to produce their eggs. They use their palps (触须) to detect carbon dioxide and the distinctive smell. That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes. The question of whether mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type is controversial. One hypothesis suggests that blood type may also help determine mosquito preference. If that’s the case, what blood type do mosquitoes like? The hypothesis said that the major mosquito vector of dengue virus (登革病毒) preferred people with type O blood to those with other blood types. However, separate research notes that experimental and laboratory data evaluating whether blood type makes one person more or less attractive to mosquitoes has fueled a lot of assumptions. But the result is contradictory. Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．Answering questions. B．Making a comparison. C．Presenting the subject. D．Explaining the methods. 2．Who tends to be the most attractive to mosquitoes? A．People who work out. B．The elderly and weak. C．People who wear dark colors. D．Individuals with specific blood types. 3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．Mosquitoes distinctly prefer Type O blood. B．Skin smell and microorganisms play a larger role. C．The role of blood type is still under heated debate. D．Mosquitoes are attracted to all blood types equally. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe the preferences of mosquitoes. B．To tell how to avoid mosquito bites effectively. C．To argue against the idea that mosquitoes prefer blood types. D．To provide scientific information about mosquito preferences. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东佛山·期末） Columbia scientists have found specialized neurons (神经元) in the brainstem of mice that order the animals to stop eating. “These neurons are unlike any other neuron involved in regulating appetite,” says Alexander Nectow, who led the research in the Nectow lab. “Other neurons in the brain are usually restricted to sensing food put into our mouth, or how food fills the gut (肠道). The neurons we found are special in that they seem to integrate all these different pieces of information and more.” Previous researchers had found the decision-making cells are located in the brainstem, but the research ended there. With new single-cell techniques, Nectow’s team spotted previously unrecognized cells that had similar characteristics to other neurons involved in regulating appetite. To study what these cells are sensing to kick them into action, the researchers measured their activity as the mice went about their day. “Essentially these neurons can smell food, see food, feel food in the mouth and in the gut, and interpret all the gut hormones (荷尔蒙) that are released in response to eating,” Nectow says. “And ultimately, they use all of this information to decide when enough is enough.” Next, the researchers used a technique called optogenetics, which involves editing the neurons so they could be switched on and off with light. When they used light to activate them, the mice slowed down their eating. Though the specialized neurons were found in mice, Nectow says their location in the brainstem, a part of the brain that is essentially the same in humans, suggests that it is highly likely that humans have the same neurons. “We think it’s a major new entry point to understanding what it means to be full, how that comes about, and how that is used to end a meal,” Nectow adds. “And we hope that it could be used for obesity (肥胖症) treatment down the road.” 1．What is unique about the newly discovered neurons? A．They affect appetite. B．They sense the food. C．They act on combined information. D．They have an impact on other neurons. 2．What is mainly discussed about the specialized neurons in paragraph 4? A．What they sense. B．How they function. C．Why they are studied. D．How they detect signals. 3．What does Nectow think of the new finding? A．It offers potential solutions to obesity. B．It explains the science of appetite. C．It maps new neurons in the human brain. D．It unlocks the mystery of brainstem. 主题02 人与自我——方法策略 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东茂名期末） Cross-cultural communication is common in our daily life, but it’s often not easy due to many barriers. However, there are useful strategies we can use to communicate better with people from different cultures. There are several common barriers to cross-cultural communication. Language differences top the list. When people speak different languages, they may misunderstand each other easily. Besides, different cultures have various rules about what’s polite and how to express feelings, which can also cause problems. What’s more, personal beliefs and a lack of standing in other’s shoes can make it hard for people to understand one another. To communicate effectively across cultures, the first strategy is to show respect. We should accept cultural differences, avoid making quick judgments, and be ready to learn from others. For example, in some cultures, making eye contact is a sign of respect, while in others, it may be seen as rude. So, learning about these differences shows our respect. Active listening is also key. When others are talking, we should give them our full attention, not just to their words but also to their body language. This helps us understand their real meaning. If something is unclear, don’t hesitate to ask questions. It’s much better to clarify doubts than to guess and possibly misunderstand. Using visual aids like pictures or simple videos can be very helpful, too. They can make ideas easier to understand, especially when language is a barrier. Finally, patience is necessary. Building good cross-cultural communication skills takes time. We should give ourselves and others time to adapt and get along well. By being aware of the barriers and using these strategies, we can improve our cross-cultural communication, make more friends from different cultures, and work better in diverse teams. 1．What ranks first in cross-cultural communication? A．Similar body language. B．Common cultural rules. C．Various language types. D．Conflicting personal beliefs. 2．What is key to cross-cultural communication? A．Asking for explanations. B．Controlling body language. C．Making quick judgments. D．Shaping cultural differences. 3．Why is patience necessary in cross-cultural communication? A．Understanding visuals needs time. B．Developing friendships needs time. C．Fixing misunderstandings takes time. D．Boosting communication skills requires time. 4．What can we infer from the text? A．Using visual aids is not common. B．Cross-cultural communication is easy. C．Cultural differences need highlighting. D．Realizing barriers betters communication. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东广州八区联考 期末） Have you ever tried relaxing on a sunny beach, but your brain’s still stuck worrying? That’s because our brain tends to focus on the bad stuff. This is called “negativity bias (偏见)”, which helped our ancestors handle potential threats but now often traps us in cycles of overthinking. Psychologist Rick Hampson offers a science-backed solution in his book called Hardwiring Happiness. He explains that positive moments rarely leave a lasting mark unless we deliberately engage with them. This is where neuroplasticity, which means our brain can change and adapt based on what we do and think, comes in. Hampson’s research, beginning in the mid-2000s, started exploring how to use brain science to create lasting positive changes in the brain. By noticing and holding onto good experiences, we can activate our brain’s reward centers and promote positive changes. Although the sample size was small and lacked a control group, participants reported statistically feeling better, with improvements lasting up to two months. Then the HEAL method (Have a good experience, Enrich it, Absorb it, Link it to other experiences) was finally developed. Research shows that practices like mindfulness meditation (冥想) can be linked to changes in brain structure and function. Meditation and other thoughtful practices can promote neuroplasticity. Hampson also points out that social connections and feeling safe can reduce stress. He suggests that when we slow down and take a moment to feel close to friends, we’re changing our brain for the better. The real proof of Hampson’s approach lies in daily practice. He encourages people to engage in “mental hygiene” practices, which can be motivated by understanding how these activities benefit the brain. By asking ourselves if we’re a little happier, wiser, and more loving at the end of the day, we can take control of our well-being. In short, Hardwiring Happiness syncretizes brain science and practical daily habits. For those interested in transforming their well-being through science-backed methods, Hampson’s book provides valuable insights and techniques that can be easily integrated into everyday routines. By exploring Hardwiring Happiness, you can discover more about the science of happiness and learn practical techniques to enhance well-being. 1．What is the original function of “negativity bias”? A．To help humans to survive. B．To promote social connections. C．To remind people of bad things. D．To prevent people overthinking. 2．How does HEAL method work according to Hampson? A．By activating brain’s control centers. B．By strengthening positive experiences. C．By fighting against brain’s negativity bias. D．By removing negativity through meditation. 3．What does the underlined word “syncretizes” mean in the last paragraph? A．Bridges. B．Balances. C．Guides. D．Facilitates. 4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To display a bias. B．To introduce a concept. C．To recommend a new book. D．To promote a new lifestyle. 主题01 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东广州越秀区·期末） Kawasaki disease is every parent’s nightmare. This rare illness causes inflammation (炎症) in blood vessels and can damage the heart of babies and young children. Historically, it has been difficult to diagnose (诊断), until recently, when a young inventor developed an app that can detect it. When Ellen Xu, a San Diego native, was five, her parents rushed her kid sister to the hospital. Three-year-old Kate, developed a high fever, red eyes, and a rash (皮疹). At first the puzzled doctors guessed that she had a flu. But when her condition didn’t improve, the Xus returned to the Emergency Room, where Kate was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. Kate was then treated with antibodies that help boost immunity (免疫力). In time, she shook off the illness without suffering damage to her heart, making her one of the lucky ones. Years later, Ellen, needing a project for a high school science fair, recalled her sister’s illness. “It was a puzzle I wanted to solve,” she says. So, she set out to do just that. Using data, she created an AI-powered app to identify the physical symptoms of Kawasaki disease from a photo. The app works similarly to apps that identify plants or birds. It scans a photograph of the child and looks for signs of Kawasaki disease, such as rashes and a swollen tongue. It’s a brilliant innovation that likely wouldn’t have come about if it all weren’t so personal. Ellen’s innovation earned recognition, and soon, her app will be available on the Kawasaki Disease Foundation’s website. What started as a science fair project could now help doctors diagnose the disease faster, preventing heart damage in young children. As for Kate? Ellen says the little girl with the mysterious disease is now a thriving high school junior with dreams of becoming an environmental engineer. And Ellen, now at Stanford, proves that even childhood struggles can inspire brilliant solutions. 1．The underlined phrase “shook off” in paragraph 2 most likely means ________. A．dealt with B．recovered from C．became aware of D．put up with 2．What inspired Ellen Xu to develop her AI app for Kawasaki disease detection? A．Her interest in AI programming. B．Her need for her school science fair. C．Her own battle with Kawasaki disease. D．Her sister’s childhood illness experience. 3．How does Ellen’s app work to detect Kawasaki disease? A．By monitoring the rashes and swollen tongue. B．By analyzing photographs of visible symptoms. C．By tracking antibodies that help boost immunity. D．By comparing symptoms with historical patient data. 4．What may be the best title for the passage? A．How AI Is Revolutionizing Rare Disease Detection B．Kawasaki Disease: Overcoming Diagnosis Challenges C．A Sister’s Fight against Disease Sparks an AI Lifesaver D．From Science Fair to Medical Fame: Ellen Xu’s Journey Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东汕头·期末） A few years ago, Casey Harrell was diagnosed with ALS, a brain disease that left him paralyzed (瘫痪) and unable to speak. But thanks to a groundbreaking brain implant, Harrell now “speaks” through an electronic voice device. This AI-powered brain implant is a milestone for neurotechnology (神经技术). Now, scientists from University of California have developed a streaming approach to restore speech for those with severe paralysis. This new technology addresses the issue of latency — delays between a person’s attempt to speak and sound production — by using AI to almost instantly transform brain signals into speech, marking a significant breakthrough in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). The study, published in Nature Neuroscience, marks a critical step toward enabling communication for speaking impaired individuals. “Our streaming approach makes it possible for the brain implant to obtain the rapid speech decoding capacity,” says Gopala, Assistant Professor at University of California, Berkeley. The technology uses an algorithm (算法) similar to smart voice assistant to decode neural data and enable real-time voice streaming. To train their algorithm, researchers had a subject, Ann who couldn’t speak, look at tips on the screen — like “Hey, how are you?” — and then silently attempt to speak that sentence. This provided a mapping between neural activity and intended speech. AI used a pretrained text-to-speech model to reproduce her pre-injury voice. With the new streaming approach, output can be generated in near real time as the subject attempts to speak, compared to an 8-second delay for a single sentence in the previous BCI studies. This greater speed did not come at the cost of precision. The faster interface delivered the same high level of accuracy as their previous, non-streaming approach. The device can continuously decode speech, allowing for uninterrupted conversation. This latest work lays the groundwork for future advances. The focus remains on building expressivity into output voice to reflect changes in tone or loudness during speech, for example, when someone is excited. 1．What breakthrough did the new technology make in BCI? A．The transformation of brain signals. B．The speed of speech generation. C．The reduction on the cost of devices. D．The integration of brain and computer. 2．What does the underlined word “impaired” mean in the third paragraph? A．Damaged. B．Improved. C．Untrained. D．Repaired. 3．What can we learn about Ann? A．She was unable to speak at birth. B．She could be heard with the help of AI. C．She provided a map for neural activity. D．She was required to read out tips on the screen. 4．What future improvement will the research team focus on? A．The speed of decoding. B．The level of accuracy. C．The fluency of conversation. D．The expression of emotion. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·广东深圳外国语学校·期末） From rolling hills to mountain ranges, views make any road trip memorable, but for blind passenger this is part of the experience they miss. Motor company Ford tries to change that. It teamed up with GTB Roma and Aedo Project to develop a technology that will give those unfortunate passengers a way to feel nature’s beauty through their car windows. The prototype (原型) of the smart car window has a device with an outside-facing camera. With just a press of a button, the system takes a picture of the current view. The colorful picture is then turned into an image with different shades of grey through LED lights, which vibrate differently. As the finger passes over different regions of the image, its shaking movements provide feedback through the sense of touch to the person using it. The smart window also comes with a voice assistant that uses AI to identify the scene and help the passengers get information on what they’re seeing. “As the prototype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth to a completely new language that would give blind people a new chance to visualize and experience traveling,” Federico Russo, one director of GTB Roma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we looked for suppliers all around the world to make it come to life.” He believes the technology can be employed not just in cars. “It could be introduced into schools and institutions for blind people as a tool that could be used in multiple ways.” The technology may show up in a Ford autonomous vehicle. It’s known that the company is testing their technology and future business model and struggling to figure out how an autonomous vehicle gives different passengers the details needed to get from one destination to another. It’s unclear when this technology will be made available. However, the idea of building something for the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential action. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To list daily activities. B．To present research results. C．To introduce the main topic. D．To describe a specific scene. 2．How does the smart car window work? A．By changing shades of colors. B．By recording the view with a camera. C．By classifying shaking movements. D．By translating scenery into vibrations. 3．What does Federico Russo say about the technology? A．It will have wide application. B．It will be tested across the world. C．It will be used in schools first. D．It will understand many languages. 4．What do we know about Ford? A．It aims to develop brand new LED lights. B．It’s a small-scale startup at its first stage. C．It has determined the timing of marketing. D．It hasn’t employed the technology widely. 主题02 人与社会——社会问题和现象 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东肇庆·期末） Just before sunrise, a big seafood meeting happens near Honolulu Harbor. As two dozen or so buyers enter the United Fishing Agency warehouse, they wear coats over their shirts to prevent the cold. They call their customers in Tokyo, Los Angeles, Honolulu — wherever expensive fish are eaten — and wait. Soon, the big doors on the ocean side of the warehouse open, and workers start displaying fish on platforms. The tuna are as round and wide as a car wheel. For spearfish and swordfish, their long noses are cut off, and their bodies lie in rows like dull gray beams. Opah (月鱼), with big, round eyes like hockey balls, have thick lips. They all take their places in the hall. The sellers cut small pieces from the fish as samples and place the meat on their pale white bellies. The buyers finger these pieces, trying to estimate the quality from the color, clarity, and fat content. They get instructions on their phones, and prices are negotiated through unspoken hand gestures. When a fish is sold, a small piece of paper is put on the fish, with vague handwriting notes. One by one, the fish are sold to the person who offers the most money. This is how the ocean’s treasure from the north-central Pacific is shared among some of the richest people in the world. While this auction feeds the wealthy, the global fishing industry tells a darker story. Every year, more than 170 billion pounds of wild fish and shellfish are caught in the oceans — approximately three times the weight of every man, woman, and child in the United States. Fisheries managers call this overwhelming quantity of mass-hunted wildlife the “world catch (全球捕获量)”, and many people think that this harvest has been relatively stable over the past decade. But an ongoing study conducted by Daniel Pauly, a fisheries scientist, cooperating with Enric Sala, from National Geographic, suggests that the world catch is neither stable nor fairly divided among the nations of the world. The wealthier nations that purchase most of the products of these fisheries are essentially privatizing them. Poore r countries simply cannot afford to buy high-value species. 1．What can be inferred about the seafood customers? A．They prefer freshly caught fish. B．They are from high-end customer markets. C．They focus on affordable seafood. D．They visit the warehouse personally. 2．How can the buyers know the quality of the fish? A．From their customers’ advice. B．From the sellers’ introduction. C．From the paper on the fish. D．From touching flesh samples. 3．What does the underlined word “auction” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Public sale. B．Peak season. C．Final price. D．Press conference. 4．Where is this passage most likely taken from? A．A travel guide about Honolulu’s attractions. B．A cooking magazine featuring seafood recipes. C．An investigative report on marine conservation issues. D．An adventure novel set in Hawaii’s fishing community. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东云浮·期末） Remote work has become increasingly common, but does it truly improve employees’ well-being? According to a recent Gallup report based on a global survey, fully remote workers may be more engaged in their tasks, yet they often experience stronger negative emotions. Researchers divided workers into four categories: those who always work remotely; those with hybrid (混合的) arrangements (splitting time between home and office); those based in an office but free to work remotely; and those who must remain in an office at all times. The study found that 31% of fully remote employees reported feeling engaged — meaning they were interested in and focused on their work — whereas only 19% of office-only workers felt similarly, which was the lowest among all categories. Despite higher engagement, fully remote workers reported more frequent stress: 45%said they often felt tense, compared to a lower proportion among office-based staff. Hybrid workers showed similar stress levels (46%). Moreover, at least one-quarter of remote workers admitted to feelings of anger, loneliness, or sadness — emotions less commonly reported by those working entirely on-site. Researcher Ryan Pendell suggests two main reasons for these findings. First, remote workers miss the informal interactions — chatting by the coffee machine or eating lunch together — that foster a sense of connection and reduce stress. Second, working from home demands self-management of time and tasks; constant online meetings and messaging can intensify pressure and blur work-life boundaries. Pendell emphasizes that companies must address the emotional needs of all employees, whether they work from home or in an office. While remote work can boost focus and flexibility, organizations should offer social support, clear guidelines for time management, and opportunities for in-person collaboration (合作). Only by balancing productivity with well-being can businesses ensure long-term success and a truly satisfied workforce. For example, companies might organize regular virtual coffee breaks, schedule occasional in-person gatherings. Encouraging employees to set clear work hours and take regular breaks also helps reduce burnout. By combining structured support programs with flexible policies, businesses can create a work environment that fosters engagement, protects mental health, and sustains productivity. 1．What did the research find about the employees working entirely from home? A．They focus more on tasks but feel worse emotionally. B．They have lower stress than office staff. C．They feel much more stressed than hybrid workers. D．They value flexibility more than teamwork. 2．Which employee group is reported the least work engagement? A．Those dividing time between home and workplace. B．Those allowed flexibility to work off-site. C．Those required to work at an office only. D．Those managing tasks remotely. 3．What does the underlined word “blur” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Clarify. B．Confuse. C．Separate. D．Define. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How to Manage a Remote Team B．The Rise of Digital Communication C．The Emotional Impact of Working from Home D．Office vs. Home: a Productivity Comparison 主题03 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·广东潮州·期末） A good shower can relax not only your body but also your mind, unleashing (释放) streams of consciousness (意识流) and creativity. Research shows that what is known as the “shower effect” also can occur outside the shower, and many of our best thoughts don’t happen at work or school — but occur while going about our days with ideas incubating (酝酿) in the background. In a study, 98 professional writers and 87 physicists recorded their most creative ideas each day, as well as what they were doing and thinking when it struck them. While most of the ideas occurred at work, 20 percent of their most meaningful ideas came while doing something else—washing dishes or taking a shower. Notably, the ideas the writers and physicists had away from their jobs were self-assessed to be just as creative and important as the ones they had at work. However, the shower effect on creativity is the product of mind-wandering, where your thoughts are anywhere but on the task at hand. Historically, researchers focused on the negative effects of mind-wandering, which can disrupt (扰乱) performance and have been associated with unhappiness. But the nature of the mind-wandering matters. In another study, over 300 university students were first asked to come up with as many novel uses as possible for ordinary objects such as a brick or paper clip (曲别针) in 90 seconds. This is known as an alternative use task, which tests creativity. The students then watched a boring video. The activity gave time for the students’ ideas to incubate and for their minds to wander. When the students were tested again, their mind-wandering led to more creative ideas. An activity such as taking a shower or a walk (or watching a romantic comedy video) “takes some of your attention so that they can influence your thoughts, but doesn’t take all of it so that you pay no attention to these creative ideas that are incubating in the background.” said Zachary Irving, author of the study. 1．What do we know about the shower effect? A．It requires focused attention. B．It fails to work outside the shower. C．It enables people to have innovative ideas unconsciously. D．It is the main cause of people’s poor performance at work. 2．How did the researchers conduct the study among writers and physicists? A．They assessed their ideas at work. B．They asked them to record their creative ideas. C．They tested their creativity after they took a shower. D．They required them to use an ordinary object creatively. 3．What does the study among university students show? A．Mind-wandering can disrupt performance. B．People’s thoughts are anywhere but on the task at hand. C．Free-flowing thoughts in moderate task boost creativity. D．Mind-wandering has been associated with unhappiness. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Why does the mind wander? B．Why do we get our best ideas in the shower? C．How can you become a more creative person? D．How may your shower routine affect your health? Passage 2 （24-25高二下·广东肇庆·期末） Scientists from the University of Cambridge found a gene problem that causes PRA (犬类进行性视网膜萎缩) in English Shepherd Dogs. They developed a DNA test to identify this issue before dogs lose their sight. This helps the animal keepers stop the disease from spreading to puppies (young dogs). Usually, owners don’t know their dog has PRA until it’s middle-aged. By then, the dog might have already made puppies with the bad gene. But now, PRA can be prevented quickly from English Shepherds. Katherine Stanbury, a researcher, explained, “Once a dog starts to lose its vision, there is no treatment; it will eventually become completely blind. But with the new DNA test, there’s no reason why any more English Shepherd Dogs should be born with this form of PRA．It gives keepers a way to get rid of the disease entirely. ” The gene for PRA is hidden. A dog needs two bad copies of the gene to get PRA．One bad copy means the dog can pass it on. If two dogs with one bad copy have puppies, one out of four might get PRA．Dog keepers frequently breed (繁殖；饲养) English Shepherds from close families, which makes them more likely to have gene problems. The study started when an owner asked for help with a blind English Shepherd. The team collected DNA samples from other English Shepherds and used high-tech methods to find the exact gene issue. The university now offers a DNA testing service for dog owners to prevent inherited diseases that are passed through genes. The test costs £48 and is done by rubbing the dog’s mouth with special cotton. Dr. Cathryn Mellersh noted, “Owners might not notice their dog’ s vision problems until the dog bumps into things. For the cost of a good bag of dog food, owners can test their English Shepherds for PRA before they breed. This is to prevent, not to cure. It means a lot to breeders. They no longer have to worry if their puppies will stay healthy or develop this terrible disease. ” This research could also provide insights into a similar human disease called retinitis pigmentosa (视网膜色素变性症), which also causes blindness. 1．Why did researchers develop a DNA test for PRA? A．To treat the PRA disease. B．To prevent PRA spread. C．To study PRA symptoms. D．To limit affected dogs. 2．Which statement about PRA gene is true? A．Dogs need two gene copies to develop PRA． B．All puppies from two carriers will have PRA． C．English Shepherds rarely suffer from PRA． D．One gene copy causes PRA in English dogs. 3．How is the passage organized? A．Introduction — examples — solution. B．Background — methods — results. C．Question — research — findings. D．Problem — causes — prevention. 4．What does the passage focus on? A．A treatment for blindness in old dogs. B．Genetic causes of PRA in aging dogs. C．A DNA test to prevent a dog blindness. D．A breeding method for healthy dogs. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·广东江门·期末） In the 21st century, digital technology has changed many aspects of our lives. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is the latest newcomer, with chatbots and other AI tools changing how we learn and creating considerable challenges. What’s the impact of technology on the aging brain? A comprehensive new study from researchers at the University of Texas and Baylor University in the United States provides important answers. The study, published in Nature Human Behaviour, challenges the idea of “digital Tementia”, a hypothesis introduced by German neuroscientist Manfred Spitzer in 2012. This hypothesis suggests that over-dependence on digital devices weakens cognitive (认知的) abilities, particularly in older adults. However, the study, conducted by neuropsychologists Jared Benge and Michael Scullin, found no evidence to support this hypothesis. Instead, it revealed that the use of computers, smartphones, and the Internet among individuals over 50 is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline. The study employed a meta-analysis approach, combining data from 57 previous studies involving over 411,000 adults. It found that higher technology use was linked to a 58 reduction in the risk of cognitive decline, even when the effect of other things known to contribute to cognitive decline, such as socioeconomic status and other health factors were taken into account. Meanwhile, this benefit is comparable to or stronger than other known protective factors, such as physical activity and maintaining healthy blood pressure. These findings are encouraging. But we still can’t say technology use causes better cognitive function. More research is needed to see if these findings can be applied to different groups of people, especially those from low and middle income countries, and to understand why this relationship might occur. Meanwhile, with our interaction with technology constantly changing, future research will need to address both the benefits and potential downsides of technology, especially for younger generations, to ensure that we can take full advantage of its advantages while minimizing risks. 1．What can be inferred about the term “digital dementia” based on the text? A．It is a proven consequence of natural aging processes. B．It refers to cognitive decline caused by overuse of digital devices. C．It describes technology’s ability to enhance memory in older adults. D．It highlights better cognitive function caused by social media overuse. 2．What do the results of the new study indicate? A．Younger generation benefits more from technology use. B．Technology use in the old works well in reducing cognitive decline. C．Technology use is the most effective way to prevent cognitive decline. D．Physical activity is less important than technology use for cognitive health. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the new study? A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Negative. 4．What is the author’s purpose to write the text? A．To explore the influence of digital technology on life. B．To argue against the use of technology in older adults. C．To discuss how technology can support cognitive health in aging. D．To compare the different methods of maintaining cognitive abilities. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $丽学科网 www.zxxk.co 专题02阅读理解 答案版 基础 必组 主题01人与社会—科普知识 Passage 1:1.C 2.A 3.B4.D Passage 2:1.C 2.B 3.A 主题02人与自我—方法策略 Passage 1:1.C 2.A 3.D4.D Passage 2:1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 进阶 提手 主题01人与社会一科学技术 Passage 1:1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C Passage 2:1.B 2.A 3.B4.D Passage 3:1.C 2.D 3.A4.D 主题02人与社会—社会问题和现象 Passage 1:1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C Passage 2:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 主题3人与社会—科普知识 Passage 1:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage2:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 1/2 让教与学更高效 (说明文) 函学科网 Passage 3:1.B 2.B www.zxxk.com A4.C 2/2 让教与学更高效