专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，广东专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 精选广东多地高一下期末说明文阅读真题，聚焦科技前沿（如植物通信、AI教育应用）与社会热点（如火星改造、手机使用与健康），考查信息获取与逻辑推理能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|每篇3-4题|科普知识（植物通信、火星改造）、身心健康（慢跑、手机使用）、人工智能（AI与语言、教育AI）、音乐舞蹈（合唱益处）、科学技术（机器人餐厅、数字重建）|以2024巴黎奥运会AI应用为素材，设题涵盖细节理解（如植物应对昆虫攻击的方式）、词义猜测（如“edge”“embrace”）、主旨归纳（如最后一段大意），梯度适配高一下学期阅读要求。|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 答案版 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D Passage 2：1．A 2．B 3．B 主题02 人与自我——身心健康 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．B Passage 2：1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 主题01 人与社会——人工智能 Passage 1：1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A Passage 2：1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A Passage 3：1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 2：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 3：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A Passage 4：1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 主题03 人与社会——音乐舞蹈 Passage 1：1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 2：1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 主题04 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1：1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D Passage 2：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期末） In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal (真菌的) threads. When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground internet.” “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声脉冲) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew toward the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be considered? Torres responds firmly: “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience (知觉).” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide”— a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, informing farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance: “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1．How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to paragraph 1? A．By growing thicker leaves. B．By attracting helpful insects. C．By releasing chemical warnings. D．By producing complex sounds. 2．What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in paragraph 2? A．Plants prefer silence. B．Plants ignore droughts. C．Plants react to water sounds. D．Plants respond to pest sounds. 3．What does the underlined word “edge” mean in Paragraph 4? A．To approach gradually. B．To balance carefully. C．To compete fiercely. D．To increase dramatically. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Debates on plant morals. B．Technical aspects of sensors. C．Farming success in Kenya. D．Balancing business and ecology. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东韶关河源·期末） Will humans someday live and work on Mars? Many scientists think so. In fact, they are already working on plans to turn Mars into a new Earth. Because of the lack of the three necessities for human survival- water, air, and food-it's not possible to live on Mars right now. So how can we make Mars livable? The answer, scientists suggest, is a process called terraforming. Terraforming means changing the environment of a planet so that it is similar to Earth's. On Mars, the average temperature is about -60℃. So, one goal of terraforming Mars is to warm it up. Most scientists agree that Earth is becoming warmer due to increased levels of greenhouse gases. We might be able to create similar conditions on Mars. One solution is to build factories on Mars that release greenhouse gases. The gases will change the Martian atmosphere, resulting in warmer temperatures. Mars's polar regions will begin to melt(融化), releasing more CO2 trapped inside the ice. Rain will eventually fall. It may then be possible to grow plants outdoors for food. The plants will add oxygen to the air, making human colonies(聚居地)on Mars a real possibility. Terraforming Mars will probably be a thousand-year project, starting with several first surveys. Then there will be different missions, and each new mission will build more places to live. These will allow future visitors to spend more time on Mars and learn more about living on the planet. Huge domes(穹状建筑)will provide climate-controlled living spaces, first for plants and later for humans. It will take centuries to improve the rocky surface so that people can grow plants. Even 1,000 years from now, there may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe, so people on Mars may still need to use special breathing equipment. 1．What is the main purpose of terraforming Mars? A．To enable hum an settlement. B．To carry out scientific studies. C．To search for food for humans. D．To protect Earth's environment. 2．How do scientists propose to warm up Mars? A．By growing plants outdoors. B．By producing greenhouse gases. C．By releasing more CO2 in the ice. D．By transporting Earth's atmosphere. 3．What can be learned about human life on Mars in the future? A．Natural air will become available. B．Breathing equipment may be required. C．Domes can be removed within centuries. D．Food shortage may be the biggest challenge. 主题02 人与自我——身心健康 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东梅州·期末） In September, a sixth-grade class from a Chinese school began a different journey. Under the organization of the parent association, the students began a 5-kilometer morning jogging program in a park of Beijing, with the aim of improving their fitness, building self-confidence, and developing patience. Every Saturday morning, with a parent chosen as the coach to guide them, they laced up their shoes and set off. The first run was a real challenge. After running just several hundred meters, a few students were out of breath. Some couldn’t even make it halfway, and others had to rely on each other for support to reach the finish line. However, despite the difficulties, their determination never wavered. Along the way, many felt energetic. Most made it to the end by completing their 10th run on Saturday to celebrate their upcoming graduation, as they had been exercising regularly. In recent years, some surveys have shown that the rate of obesity among students who are short of exercise is increasing rapidly. According to an authority report, one in five individuals aged six to seventeen is now overweight, a significant rise from one in twenty in 1995. In addition to weight problems, the lack of exercise has also led to an increase of short-sightedness in schools. Recognizing the potential link between decreased physical activity and health-related problems,various measures have been taken to reduce students’ pressure and increase their exercise time, such as reducing the after-school homework burden. The sixth-grade jogging program serves as an inspiring example, offering a solution to help students find more time to experience health, happiness, and friendship through physical activity. It shows that with dedication and support, even a simple jogging routine can have a great effect on the well-being of young students. 1．Why did the parent association organize the morning jogging program? A．To meet the parents’ requirements. B．To live up to the coach’s expectations. C．To improve the students’ physical and mental health. D．To replace the school’s present physical education classes. 2．What can we learn about the students in the first run? A．Few of them felt energetic. B．Most of them gave up halfway. C．None of them completed the run. D．Not all of them made it to the end. 3．Which word can best describe the morning jogging program? A．Traditional. B．Influential. C．Global. D．Limitless. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东广州天河区·期末） Using smartphones too much might be bad for mental health, but a new study found an easy fix. Researchers studied what happened when people agreed to block the Internet from their smartphones for just two weeks. And it turns out that most felt better after the break. The researchers included 467 volunteers, aged 18 to 74, who agreed to the month-long study aimed at testing the theory that constant connection to everything, all the time, has unintended consequences. The researchers measured three different results of well-being, mood and attention at the beginning, middle and end of the four-week study.91% of volunteers improved their scores in at least one aspect. The most surprising finding was that feeling less sad or worried was just as good as what happens when people take medicine for depression(抑郁).“The results were much better than we thought,” said researcher Noah Castelo. Tests also showed people could focus better — almost like their brains became 10 years younger. Adrian Ward explained why this works: “When people stop staring at screens, they naturally do healthier things like going outside, meeting friends, or trying new hobbies.” People also slept better and felt closer to others. But the study also showed how much we rely on phones today. Many people had to turn the Internet back on sometimes for important things like maps or work calls.“ We can't completely stop using phones,” Ward said,“ but taking smart breaks helps.” Experts say more studies with bigger groups are needed. Right now, it seems people aged 40-60 benefit the most from using phones less, but we need more research about how this affects teenagers. The researchers suggested simple ways to cut phone use: Start with 30 phone-free minutes daily, increasing gradually. Pick one weekly “low-phone day,” turn off app notifications, and find fun offline activities like sports or reading. These small changes can build healthier habits while keeping basic phone functions. 1．What is the most surprising finding of the study? A．People could focus better after the break. B．Volunteers aged 40-60 benefited the most. C．Most volunteers felt better after the experiment. D．Mental health improved like taking depression medicine. 2．Why do phone breaks help, according to Ward? A．People will rely less on phones. B．Phone breaks improve screen quality. C．People will focus more on their work. D．Phone breaks encourage healthier activities. 3．What do researchers suggest? A．Reducing screen time gradually. B．Using apps only for work purposes. C．Avoiding phones for medical treatment. D．Stopping online activities immediately. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．We'd better stop using phones. B．Dangers of smartphone addiction. C．Phone breaks improve mental health. D．New discoveries in depression treatment. 主题01 人与社会——人工智能 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期末） Do you often use the words “tapestry” “delve” or “testament” in English? Many of us would say no. These words aren’t among the “Top 500 spoken words” — a list of the most common English words. However, these words are becoming more common in some written content, as a study in 2024 found that five percent of all articles published on a research site used the word “delve.” In 2022, it was less than one percent. Since ChatGPT was released to the public in November 2022, we’ve seen that artificial intelligence (AI) favors certain words. Why does ChatGPT prefer these words? The answer is actually very human. While ChatGPT seems to think for itself, what it really does is analyze a very large amount of human-generated information, and use the data to spit out answers to our enquiry (询问). It doesn’t actually understand what it’s telling us. The process of rating AI responses, as part of training the software, is called “reinforcement (强化) learning from human feedback”, and this provides the first clue about why ChatGPT favors certain word. It’s not cheap to employ a lot of testers to rate thousands of responses from Al. So, big companies outsource these jobs to lower-income countries, often places where English is not the first language. One such country that offers cheap labor is Nigeria, and in Nigerian English, “delve” is a common word in professional settings. So, when Nigerian testers tell Al which responses sound natural, their own linguistic preferences come through. As AI-generated content becomes more common, will it also affect the way we speak to each other? In some ways, AI has already left its mark. Of course, language is a living thing, often affected by current events and by new technology. The point is that language is always updating itself, and how we use language is affected by the people we talk to and by the media we consume. As AI-generated media spreads, it is possible, even likely that AI will affect the development of our own vocabulary. 1．Why does the author mention the words we don’t often use? A．To show the varieties of language. B．To warn readers of AI’s threat to language. C．To raise readers’ interest in language change. D．To introduce a study in language development. 2．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．AI’s answers are directly written by humans. B．AI is specially designed to think like humans. C．AI depends on human to develop its language. D．AI understands human language independently. 3．Why does AI favor certain uncommon words? A．Spoken English has been used to train AI. B．AI tries to have impact on human language. C．Companies develop strange language models. D．Non-native English speakers work as AI trainers. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．AI plays an important role in language development. B．New technology reduces the number of English words. C．Language pushes the development of AI-generated media. D．The use of uncommon words make communication harder. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东汕尾·期末） One of the most important impacts of AI is in the field of education, where tools like ChatGPT have already begun to change how students learn and teachers teach. But as AI develops, a new player is entering the scene: DeepSeek. DeepSeek is not just another AI tool — it’s an intelligent all-round platform designed to address the unique needs of the education field. One of the biggest challenges in education is meeting the diverse learning needs of students. DeepSeek can analyze individual learning patterns and adapt contents accordingly. For example, if a student struggles with math, DeepSeek can provide personalized exercises and explanations to help them master the concepts. This level of personalization goes beyond what ChatGPT currently offers, making DeepSeek a powerful tool for differentiated instruction. To understand how DeepSeek’s personalization works in practice, consider a real-world example from a high school in California, which uses DeepSeek to address the diverse learning needs of its students. By analyzing performance data, DeepSeek identifies that about 30% of students are struggling with physics. It then provides personalized exercises and video lessons to help these students catch up. Within a few months, the school sees a 20% improvement in physics test scores. Rather than viewing DeepSeek and ChatGPT as competitors, it’s more reasonable to see them as complementary (互补的) tools. ChatGPT can handle general tasks like answering questions or producing contents, while DeepSeek focuses on specialized educational applications. Together, they can create an all-round AI-powered learning ecosystem. As we look to the future, one thing is clear: AI tools like DeepSeek and ChatGPT are not just improving education — they’re reshaping it. Whether you’re a student, teacher, or institution, now is the time to embrace these technologies and unlock their full potential (潜能). 1．What is the advantage of DeepSeek over ChatGPT in education? A．It responds more quickly. B．It provides entertainment content. C．It focuses on personalized and adaptive learning. D．It has a larger database of educational resources. 2．How is paragraph 3 developed? A．By listing. B．By giving an example. C．By classification. D．By making an explanation. 3．What may be the author’ attitude towards DeepSeek and ChatGPT? A．The author likes DeepSeek better. B．The author considers them competitors. C．The author is doubtful about both tools. D．The author thinks they can make up for each other. 4．What does the underlined word “embrace” probably mean? A．Accept. B．Control C．Teach. D．Improve. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东揭阳·期末） The 2024 Paris Olympic Games used a wide variety of technological advancements, including AI, to offer industry-first innovations at one of the world’s biggest sporting events. Thomas Bach, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), emphasized the importance of AI’s role in the Games, as it was used to create “highlight videos in multiple formats and languages during these Games”. AI was also used to make the Olympic Games more sustainable, “through a very developed first-ever data capture and energy management system”. Chinese tech companies employed their cutting-edge cloud computing and AI tools to improve live broadcast experiences and athletes’ performances at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. As part of the opening ceremony, the Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra smartphone was equipped on each country’s athletes on the Seine River. This allowed for extended onboard footage to be shared via an exclusive 5G network powered by Orange. The IOC released an AI-powered monitoring system to protect athletes from online abuse (辱骂). The technology made use of AI to monitor social media accounts and flag abusive messages for further action by the relevant platforms. Athletes were able to try out an all-new chat service, which had been developed in partnership with Intel, on the Athlete365 platform. AI has been used to monitor energy consumption in real-time. I lario Coma, chief technology officer at the IOC, emphasized the innovative approach they were taking for event planning. “We are now working with our digital partner Intel using the concept of digital twins, or digital representations of venues, so we can foresee, for example, where we would need power, where we would need to place cameras, and if there could be any security issues — all without needing to be on-site every time.” AI technology also impacted internal workflows, systems viewing experiences, and storytelling at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. Intel introduced AI experiences that transform the Olympic experience for fans, organizers, CEO athletes, and viewers globally. Yiannis Exarchos, CEO of OBS, highlighted the cooperation with Alibaba to provide multi-camera replay systems with AI-powered motion reconstruction, creating 3D models and mapping additional viewpoints across 21 sports. 1．Why did the author quote Thomas Bach’s remarks in the first paragraph? A．To praise how AI contributed to the Olympics. B．To foresee the sustainability of the Olympic Games. C．To reveal the fields of sports technology can influence. D．To indicate the future events technology has impact on. 2．What was the contribution of Chinese tech companies at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games? A．Protection of athletes from the audience. B．Supply of a better social media platform. C．Extension of the coverage of 5G signals. D．Improving the quality of live broadcasts. 3．What can we infer from the AI’s role in monitoring energy consumption? A．It helped meet potential energy demand. B．It provided a more scientific event planning. C．It scheduled engineers for on-site maintenance. D．It was used to control the power consumption. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Technology Gave Audience a Better Experience B．Technology Shaped the 2024 Paris Olympic Games C．Social Media Protected Athletes from Online Abuse D．Tech Companies Helped Host the Biggest Sporting Events 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期末） On January 22, international researchers shared a significant finding in the scientific journal Nature. They discovered bursts of energy in an unexpected part of space, which they named “chorus waves”. These waves got their name because they vibrate (震动) at the same rates as the sounds we can hear. When changed into hearable signals, they sound just like birds chirping (鸣叫) cheerfully. Scientists have been aware of chorus waves in space for years. However, the latest study brought a big surprise. The researchers found that these waves exist as far as 100,000 kilometers away from Earth. This is the greatest distance at which chorus waves have ever been detected from a planet. Chengming Liu, a study writer from Beihang University, stated in an email, “Chorus waves are one of the strongest and most significant waves in space.” Allison Jaynes, a space physicist not participating in this study, commented, “This opens up a lot of new questions about the physics that could be possible in this area.” The newfound chorus waves were detected in an area where Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field extends. Scientists didn’t expect to find them there. Now, they’re eager to figure out how these unique waves form. Jaynes added, “We surely need to find more of these events.” Scientists still are not sure how chorus waves develop, but they believe Earth’s magnetic field is related to it. In the past, radio antennas (天线) detected chorus waves. For example, in the 1960s, an Antarctic research station picked them up. NASA’s Van Allen Probes also heard the chirping sounds, but from a closer distance. The most recent chorus waves were detected by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites, which were sent into space in 2015 to study Earth and the sun’s magnetic fields. Chorus waves have also been found near other planets including Jupiter and Saturn. The waves can produce high-energy electrons. That means they can be a danger to satellite communications. The researchers said their findings suggest that chorus waves might be found everywhere in the magnetic fields of planets. 1．What makes chorus waves get their name? A．The place where they are first discovered. B．Their vibration rates like hearable sounds. C．The way they affect satellite signals. D．Their movement speed in space. 2．What can be inferred from the scientists’ comments? A．Further research is crucial. B．Wave creation is clear. C．Discoveries lack importance. D．Waves pose satellite risks. 3．Which detected the chorus waves at the greatest distance from Earth? A．NASA’s Van Allen Probes. B．Scientists from Beihang University. C．An Antarctic research station in the 1960s. D．NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Naming Story of Chorus Waves B．Chorus Waves: A New Threat to Satellites C．Revealing the Mysteries of Chorus Waves D．Scientists’ Great Debate on Chorus Waves Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东汕尾·期末） Even their greatest fans — wildlife scientists — were left in the dark about the population of Northern Saw-whet Owls (猫头鹰) in one state in the middle of their range. Concerned that the Saw-whet population was decreasing and might require legal protection, scientists sought to get an exact count of the small owls. The results were shocking, as the researchers discovered that the owls were not endangered at all. Instead, the Saw-whet’s lifestyle — completely nighttime, staying mostly quiet, and living high in the forest away from human populations — allowed them to remain undetected. In fact, they were probably the most common small hunters in the forests of that state. There are around 250 species of owls worldwide, and they vary widely in habitat and size. Owls can be found on every continent except Antarctica, living in a wide variety of habitats, ranging from Snowy Owls in the Arctic to Desert Owls in the Middle East. The largest owl is the Blakiston’s Fish Owl of eastern Asia, which weighs about 10 pounds. The smallest is the 39.7-gram Elf Owl of the southwestern United States, a bird that would fit comfortably in your hand. Owls are tough, highly adapted birds with diverse diets. Some are specialists, eating only fish, or others only insects. But most are generalists, eating a wide variety of other small animals. And they are huge hunters: a Barn Owl with a family of six babies to feed will catch around 1,000 small animals in a three-month period. With their secretive nature, owls are difficult to study. In recent years, modern and some not-so-modern technologies are being put to use. Small GPS satellite transmitters (发射机) are now being placed on netted individuals to track their flights. Other researchers have placed hundreds of microphones in remote forest areas to locate owl nests. Others are locating nests by training dogs to smell owl waste. With clearer locations, it would be easier to carry out research and protection for them. 1．What made the research result of Northern Saw-whet Owls surprising? A．Their small size. B．Their quiet habitat. C．Their unique lifestyle. D．Their factual population. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss about owls? A．The diversity. B．The diets. C．The weight. D．The names. 3．Why is the Bam Owl mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To show owls love their kids. B．To conclude owls live a hard life. C．To prove owls can be tough hunters. D．To indicate owls are picky about food. 4．Which section of a magazine may this passage be taken from? A．Novel ideas. B．Scientific Findings. C．History Facts. D．Modern Technology. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东揭阳·期末） A recent study has found that food has a lot to do with comfort in a new city. In a new city, there’s an emotional cost to the food. You may miss your favorite restaurant or your family’s home cooking. But, on the other hand, you may love the new eateries you get to discover. People who were satisfied with their cultural neighborhood said they experienced new food more than anything else. In other words, the difference between adapting and not adapting to a cultural neighborhood may just be some new food. Food wasn’t the only thing that influenced comfort in a new place. Knowing a city or a neighborhood well enough to travel without directions also strongly correlated with people’s ability to adjust. Respondents who felt comfortable in their new location took just 2.8 months, on average, to move around without directions, compared with the 3.7 months it took people who didn’t feel comfortable. This difference could represent anything from fewer frustrations to a greater sense of mobility, and even security. There might be a reason why those who moved for work were so likely to be satisfied, and that reason is friendship. Work was the No. I way people made friends in a new city, helping 35.2% of respondents get to know people. Experts will tell you that making friends at work is not only important for your personal happiness but also a key for career success. So, whether you’re moving to a new city or not, be a friendly co-worker. After a person moves to a new place, they may jokingly refer to the many local habits and phrases they’ve picked up, yet moving truly does bring its own host of changes in a person. Most commonly, that change is new interests, which is cited by 30.9% of respondents who have moved. New food preferences are also enjoyed for 27.7% of respondents. Fortunately, only 7.5% pretend to pick up a new accent (口音), which, research shows, is physically impossible after the age of 12. 1．Why is food important upon your arrival in a new city? A．Food reduces your hunger in an unfamiliar city. B．The taste of food helps you make new discoveries. C．Good taste of food makes a neighborhood familiar. D．Food provides emotional comfort and helps reduce homesickness. 2．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．Knowing a place well helps you feel more comfortable there. B．You can adapt well if you know the traffic situation in a new city. C．You will feel less tired on your travels if you follow the directions. D．A good sense of directions can make you feel less stressed. 3．What is the author’s advice on working in a new city? A．Be satisfied with your new job. B．Make some friends in advance. C．Be a friendly and cooperative co-worker. D．Be an outstanding professional. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards adults’ learning a new accent in a new city? A．Unbelievable. B．Unquestionable. C．Unbearable. D．Understandable. Passage 4 （24-25高一下·广东佛山·期末） If you’ re asked to picture a successful leader, what do you see? If you’ re like most people, you imagine somebody who is decisive and in control. Somebody who seems to have little doubts about his or her actions. But that kind of thinking has it backward. In more than two decades of research into how leaders’ decision-making has an impact on organizational success, I’ve uncovered a surprising finding: The most effective leaders aren’t the ones who seem to have all the answers, but those who question themselves. They are, in other words, ambivalent. Ambivalent leaders aren’t decisive in the eyes of others and are often regarded as weak and too agreeable. But, our research reveals a different story. In one study of 164 consulting teams in Brazil, we found that leaders who were ambivalent discussed with more team members, and more frequently, than leaders who were less ambivalent. The openness of these leaders also inspired team members to seek more information from others. At the end of the project, customers rated these teams higher in their performance than teams led by decisive managers. My most recent research, of students at a university, showed similar results. We observed the students as they performed six-month class projects in teams. At the end of the projects, team members and leaders answered survey questions about each other. In the survey, team members were open to ambivalence in their leaders: The more ambivalent these leaders seemed to be about decisions, the more their team members felt the leaders were really good listeners. Ambivalent leaders, meanwhile, reported that their team members had higher levels of curiosity and creativity than leaders who were less ambivalent. Ambivalent leaders challenge traditional views of what leaders look like. But evidence shows, again and again, that their performance also eclipses decisive leaders. Ambivalence is a driving force behind critical thinking and joint decision-making. 1．What does the study of 164 teams suggest? A．Ambivalence reduces misunderstanding. B．Teamwork determines a leader’s authority. C．Customer ratings influence working atmosphere. D．Leaders’ openness encourages team interactions. 2．The author presents the research at the university in order to ________. A．support the previous findings B．compare varied research settings C．test the research methods used earlier D．discuss limitations of the former study 3．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “eclipses”? A．Inspires B．Satisfies. C．Promotes. D．Outshines. 4．What is the main writing purpose of the text? A．To compare leaders of different styles. B．To present a new idea about leadership. C．To doubt standards of successful leaders. D．To stress the role of personality in leadership. 主题03 人与社会——音乐舞蹈 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东茂名·期末） One of the problems people face today is lack of self expression. In this fast paced world, people are so busy that no one even bothers to listen to what the other person has to say. Self expression is necessary and one of the best ways to do so is by way of music. Sharing our feelings as a coping mechanism with others can help in lowering our stress to a large extent. It also fetches support from those around us. Research shows that people who have someone to hear them out are happier compared to those who don’t. Self expression is important but not easy. However, it can be made easy with the help of music. Music has proved to be of great help when it comes to self expression. The power of music is such that by playing musical instruments such as drums or flute or guitar, you can convey how you are feeling or what you are going through. You can express even the most intense feelings with the help of music. Another way in which you can express yourself is by writing lyrics, words of a song. This is a great way to communicate your feelings. You can write the lyrics of an existing song or a mix of different ones or even make up new lyrics. The idea always is to express yourself. You don’t have to be a great musician or writer to do all this. Don’t worry about the outcome. Just follow the process and it will help in true expression of self. This is a way to liberate oneself and see things from a different way. Whether someone hears out your composition or not, you will feel liberated once you express it by way of music. Expressing self can be difficult, but it can be less stressful with the help of music, a good medium for self expression. 1．What problem do people face today? A．Short of self-expression B．Fast-paced lifestyle C．Lacking in music resources. D．Heavy work pressure. 2．How does self-expression help reduce stress? A．Through others listening. B．By creating music. C．Through professional training. D．By changing lifestyle. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The power of self-expression. B．How music helps self-expression. C．The great way to communicate. D．How we express intense feelings. 4．What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A．Lyric writing begins easily. B．Music requires professional skills. C．Self-expression needs no medium. D．Process matters more than outcome. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东广州八区·期末） “Singing is the start of music. By singing, we make ourselves physically part of music and music part of us,” writes composer Andrew Ford, host of The Music Show. Songs have a powerful effect on us. Has anyone discovered the joy of singing in a choir? Mary works as a busy teacher, and choir practice nights are simply her “sanity”. “There are nights when even I don’t feel like going to choir but by the time we’ve finished, I’m glad I came,” said Mary. Research says choiring is really good for you. By monitoring the health signs of members of a choir, Bjorn Vickoff at Sweden University discovered the singers’ hearts started to beat in step with their breathing. There seemed to be a wave of air moving through the group, making them feel connected as one. Research has proved that choiring has comforting effects similar to those that come from breathing exercises in yoga. Singing also produces hormones (荷尔蒙) and other happy chemicals, fighting against depression and loneliness. Singers have been found to have lower levels of stress after choiring. And a later study also found that singing relieves anxiety and that group singing can be especially beneficial to the health of older adults. At the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, choir after choir was put on stage by singers with no big names. But this is real music to Tony Backhouse’s ears. The choirmaster spent three decades in Australia founding and working with choral groups. “If I were asked to redesign the Australian educational system, I would start by insisting that group singing become a central part of the daily routine. I believe it builds character and, more than anything else, encourage a taste for cooperation with others,” said Tony. For him, the meaning of group singing is “cooperation, rather than competition. Singing teaches us to listen, which is a great gift. In my community choir, it’s about creating something amazing together, and we really aim to make every rehearsal a thing of joy and beauty.” 1．What does the underlined “sanity” probably mean? A．Relief. B．Routine. C．Duty. D．Suffering. 2．According to Bjorn Vickoff’s study, what caused the change of the singers’ heart rates? A．Their long-term practice. B．The monitoring machine. C．The rhythm of their breathing. D．The airflow condition on the stage. 3．How does choiring benefit singers? A．It lowers stress level. B．It raises the singers’ heart rate. C．It builds physical strength. D．It reduces chemicals in their bodies. 4．What can we infer from Tony Backhouse’s words about choiring? A．It’s a recent educational trend in Australia. B．It is especially helpful for singers with no big names. C．It should replace other subjects in the educational system. D．It helps students develop good qualities and teamwork spirit. 主题04 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东东莞·期末） A new fast-food restaurant, BurgerBot, is getting a lot of attention in the restaurant industry. It hires robots instead of humans to prepare meals. The restaurant features robots that can work non-stop to make burgers without breaks. BurgerBot is part of a growing trend (趋势) of robots in the food service industry. The restaurant believes its technology is suitable for tasks that humans aren’t interested in, such as making burgers. This development comes when many fast-food restaurants face difficulties in hiring and keeping staff. Robot workers help restaurants run smoothly without dealing with staff problems. The introduction of fully automated (自动的) restaurants raises questions about the future of job markets in the food service industry. Fast food has long provided many jobs, especially for people starting their first job or those without higher education. With statements like “the robots are taking our jobs”, BurgerBot admits the substitution of human workers but says it’s a change we can’t avoid. The restaurant sees this shift as progress, not a problem. BurgerBot stresses cleanliness and standardization as key benefits of its robot-made food. By avoiding human contact, the automated system helps lower the risk of food being prepared in an unclean way. It also ensures equal amounts of food are served each time. This reduces the variation that comes with human preparation. However, there are still questions about how customers will respond to the lack of human contact. It remains to be seen whether the standard quality of robot-made food can make up for the loss of the human touch in food preparation. As this technology grows, customers will eventually decide whether cleanliness and standardization are more important than the skill and care that humans put into preparing food. 1．Why does BurgerBot think robots are suitable for some restaurant tasks? A．They work faster than humans. B．They make food more creative. C．They do tasks people don’t like to do. D．They reduce the cost of hiring human staff. 2．What does the underlined word “substitution” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Replacement. B．Employment. C．Improvement. D．Requirement. 3．How might some customers react to the robots? A．They don’t believe robots can make food. B．They dislike food that looks exactly the same. C．They miss the care that people put into cooking. D．They are worried that robots use too much energy. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Fast Food Restaurants Develop B．Why Robot-made Food Benefits Health C．Why Human Workers Are Better Than Robots D．How Robots Are Changing Fast Food Service Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东肇庆·期末） The face of a royal woman who lived in Greece in the 1500s BCE or 1600s BCE, during the Bronze Age, has been recreated using digital technology. The woman’s remains were first discovered in the 1950s at Mycenae, an ancient city that is now an important historical site. In the 1980s, experts made a clay model of what they thought she might have looked like, based on her skull. For the most recent reconstruction, a digital artist named Ortega used the clay model as a starting point. The artist also used additional information, including DNA and ancient art, to produce the most realistic digital image possible. “For the first time since she was laid beneath the ground over 3,500 years ago, we are able to gaze into the respectable face of a Bronze Age royal woman,” Emily, a historian and expert on ancient Greece who led the project, told the press. The woman, who was buried in a royal cemetery, was in her mid-30s when she died. She was buried next to a man, and though experts initially thought they were a husband and wife, DNA analysis revealed that they were brother and sister. This indicates that the woman was buried there because of the status of her family, rather than her marriage. A death mask made from a metal called electrum—which is a naturally occurring mixture of gold and silver—was buried with the woman. Such masks were often created for important people because they were believed to offer protection in the afterlife. The royal woman was also buried with a collection of weapons, including three swords. Experts first assumed the swords belonged to her brother, but now they believe they were hers. Emily said the link between the woman and these weapons suggested there could be more to learn about how women were involved in war at that time. “The reconstruction”, she said, “allows the real women of ancient history to step out of the shadows.” 1．What is the basis of the most recent image reconstruction of the royal woman? A．The skull of the royal woman. B．The woman’s DNA information. C．Ancient paintings and sculptures. D．The clay model created in the 1980s. 2．What do the underlined words “gaze into” mean in the third paragraph? A．Touch. B．Admire. C．Imagine. D．Recreate. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Women in Ancient Greece were skilled soldiers. B．Women in Ancient Greece had high social status. C．Women’s role in the ancient wars remains to be explored. D．Women in Ancient Greece carried weapons for decoration. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage? A．Mycenae’s Royal Tomb: Uncovering Secrets of the Bronze Age B．The Mystery of the Electrum Mask: A Bronze Age Puzzle Solved C．DNA Analysis vs Traditional Archaeology: A Battle for Historical Truth D．From Shadow to Light: Technology Reveals an Ancient Woman’s Image 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期末） In a groundbreaking study in 2024, biologists discovered that plants communicate through complex networks of fungal (真菌的) threads. When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison. Dr. Elena Torres, lead researcher, compares it to an “underground internet.” “One stressed plant can activate defenses across an entire forest,” she says. This finding challenges the view that plants are passive organisms. Sound also plays a role. Using highly sensitive microphones, scientists recorded ultrasonic pulses (超声脉冲) given off by corn sprouts under drought stress. When these recordings were played to other plants, their roots grew toward the sound source. “It’s as if they’re ‘hearing’ their peers’ distress,” explains Dr. Hiroshi Nakamura. In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals. This sound signaling could change pest control in agriculture. Critics urge caution. Dr. Emily Carter argues, “We’re personifying plants. These reactions are biochemical, not conscious communication.” Moral debates also arise: If plants sense pain, should vegan diets be considered? Torres responds firmly: “Plants lack nervous systems. Stress responses are survival mechanisms, not sentience (知觉).” Meanwhile, farmers in Brazil already use “plant whisperer” devices that translate leaf vibrations into data, predicting pest outbreaks days before visible damage. The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide”— a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science. Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, informing farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance: “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.” 1．How do bean plants respond to insect attacks according to paragraph 1? A．By growing thicker leaves. B．By attracting helpful insects. C．By releasing chemical warnings. D．By producing complex sounds. 2．What do you know about the pea plant experiment described in paragraph 2? A．Plants prefer silence. B．Plants ignore droughts. C．Plants react to water sounds. D．Plants respond to pest sounds. 3．What does the underlined word “edge” mean in Paragraph 4? A．To approach gradually. B．To balance carefully. C．To compete fiercely. D．To increase dramatically. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Debates on plant morals. B．Technical aspects of sensors. C．Farming success in Kenya. D．Balancing business and ecology. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物通过真菌线组成的复杂网络、声音等交流及相关研究应用与争议。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When attacked by insects, bean plants release chemical signals through these threads, warning neighboring plants to produce poison.(当受到昆虫攻击时，菜豆通过这些菌丝释放化学信号，警告邻近的植物产生毒素)”可知，菜豆在遭受昆虫攻击时会释放化学警告信号。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In another experiment, pea plants that were exposed to the sound of caterpillars eating leaves produced higher levels of defensive chemicals.(在另一项实验中，当豌豆植株暴露在毛毛虫吃叶子的声音中时，会产生更高水平的防御性化学物质)”可知，豌豆植株会对声音做出反应。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The consequences are vast. Geneticists are engineering crops with enhanced signaling abilities, creating “warning systems” for droughts or diseases. In Kenya, farmers grow corn together with signal-producing plants that prevent insects naturally. “This could reduce pesticide use by 70%,” says agronomist Kwame Okafor. (其影响是深远的。遗传学家们正在培育具有更强信号传递能力的作物，为干旱或疾病打造“预警系统”。在肯尼亚，农民们将玉米与能释放信号的植物混种，利用这种自然方式防治害虫。“这有望将农药使用率降低70%，”农学家夸梅・奥卡福说)”可知，这些研究的进行，使人们对植物以及昆虫世界有了更深入的了解，结合划线单词所在的句子“As research speeds up, we edge closer to a world where forests “speak,” fields “warn,” and gardens “guide” — a silent dialogue that has been going on beneath our feet for ages, now interpreted by science.(随着研究的加速推进，我们edge接近这样一个世界——森林“开口说话”，田野“发出预警”，花园“提供指引”——这场在我们脚下悄然进行了千百年的无声对话，如今正被科学所解读)”可知，随着研究推进，科学在解读我们脚下悄然进行的无声对话。由此可知，我们应该是离那样的世界越来越近，因此“edge”意为“逐渐接近”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Recent advancements aim to apply plant communication commercially. A startup PhytoTech developed a sensor that interprets plant chemical SOS signals, notifying farmers via app to water or fertilize. Trials in California vineyards reduced crop loss by 25%. However, critics warn against over-reliance. “Nature’s language is complex,” says ecologist Dr. Rachel Lin. “Simplifying it to apps risks missing deeper connections.”(近期的研究进展旨在将植物交流应用于商业领域。初创公司PhytoTech研发出一种传感器，能够解读植物释放的化学求救信号，并通过应用程序通知农民浇水或施肥。在加利福尼亚葡萄园进行的试验显示，这种技术使作物损失减少了25%。然而，批评者警告人们不要过度依赖此类技术。生态学家雷切尔·林博士表示：“自然界的语言十分复杂，将其简化为应用程序可能会忽略更深层次的联系。”)”可知，该段主要讲述在将植物交流商业化的同时，也要考虑生态层面，需平衡商业与生态。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东韶关河源·期末） Will humans someday live and work on Mars? Many scientists think so. In fact, they are already working on plans to turn Mars into a new Earth. Because of the lack of the three necessities for human survival- water, air, and food-it's not possible to live on Mars right now. So how can we make Mars livable? The answer, scientists suggest, is a process called terraforming. Terraforming means changing the environment of a planet so that it is similar to Earth's. On Mars, the average temperature is about -60℃. So, one goal of terraforming Mars is to warm it up. Most scientists agree that Earth is becoming warmer due to increased levels of greenhouse gases. We might be able to create similar conditions on Mars. One solution is to build factories on Mars that release greenhouse gases. The gases will change the Martian atmosphere, resulting in warmer temperatures. Mars's polar regions will begin to melt(融化), releasing more CO2 trapped inside the ice. Rain will eventually fall. It may then be possible to grow plants outdoors for food. The plants will add oxygen to the air, making human colonies(聚居地)on Mars a real possibility. Terraforming Mars will probably be a thousand-year project, starting with several first surveys. Then there will be different missions, and each new mission will build more places to live. These will allow future visitors to spend more time on Mars and learn more about living on the planet. Huge domes(穹状建筑)will provide climate-controlled living spaces, first for plants and later for humans. It will take centuries to improve the rocky surface so that people can grow plants. Even 1,000 years from now, there may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe, so people on Mars may still need to use special breathing equipment. 1．What is the main purpose of terraforming Mars? A．To enable hum an settlement. B．To carry out scientific studies. C．To search for food for humans. D．To protect Earth's environment. 2．How do scientists propose to warm up Mars? A．By growing plants outdoors. B．By producing greenhouse gases. C．By releasing more CO2 in the ice. D．By transporting Earth's atmosphere. 3．What can be learned about human life on Mars in the future? A．Natural air will become available. B．Breathing equipment may be required. C．Domes can be removed within centuries. D．Food shortage may be the biggest challenge. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要探讨了通过地球化改造（terraforming）使火星适宜人类居住的相关内容，包括改造的目的、方法以及未来人类在火星生活的展望等。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Because of the lack of the three necessities for human survival - water, air, and food - it's not possible to live on Mars right now. So how can we make Mars livable? The answer, scientists suggest, is a process called terraforming.(由于缺乏人类生存的三大必需品 —— 水、空气和食物，目前人类无法在火星上生活。那么我们如何使火星适合居住呢？科学家们认为，答案是一个叫做地球化改造的过程)” 以及后文关于改造火星以创造适宜人类居住条件的描述可知，对火星进行地球化改造的主要目的是使人类能够在火星定居。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“One solution is to build factories on Mars that release greenhouse gases. The gases will change the Martian atmosphere, resulting in warmer temperatures.(一种解决方案是在火星上建造释放温室气体的工厂。这些气体会改变火星的大气，从而使温度升高)” 可知，科学家提议通过产生温室气体来使火星升温。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even 1,000 years from now, there may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe, so people on Mars may still need to use special breathing equipment.(即使在 1000 年后，可能也没有足够的氧气供人类呼吸，所以火星上的人们可能仍然需要使用特殊的呼吸设备)” 可知，未来人类在火星生活可能仍需要呼吸设备。故选B。 主题02 人与自我——身心健康 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东梅州·期末） In September, a sixth-grade class from a Chinese school began a different journey. Under the organization of the parent association, the students began a 5-kilometer morning jogging program in a park of Beijing, with the aim of improving their fitness, building self-confidence, and developing patience. Every Saturday morning, with a parent chosen as the coach to guide them, they laced up their shoes and set off. The first run was a real challenge. After running just several hundred meters, a few students were out of breath. Some couldn’t even make it halfway, and others had to rely on each other for support to reach the finish line. However, despite the difficulties, their determination never wavered. Along the way, many felt energetic. Most made it to the end by completing their 10th run on Saturday to celebrate their upcoming graduation, as they had been exercising regularly. In recent years, some surveys have shown that the rate of obesity among students who are short of exercise is increasing rapidly. According to an authority report, one in five individuals aged six to seventeen is now overweight, a significant rise from one in twenty in 1995. In addition to weight problems, the lack of exercise has also led to an increase of short-sightedness in schools. Recognizing the potential link between decreased physical activity and health-related problems,various measures have been taken to reduce students’ pressure and increase their exercise time, such as reducing the after-school homework burden. The sixth-grade jogging program serves as an inspiring example, offering a solution to help students find more time to experience health, happiness, and friendship through physical activity. It shows that with dedication and support, even a simple jogging routine can have a great effect on the well-being of young students. 1．Why did the parent association organize the morning jogging program? A．To meet the parents’ requirements. B．To live up to the coach’s expectations. C．To improve the students’ physical and mental health. D．To replace the school’s present physical education classes. 2．What can we learn about the students in the first run? A．Few of them felt energetic. B．Most of them gave up halfway. C．None of them completed the run. D．Not all of them made it to the end. 3．Which word can best describe the morning jogging program? A．Traditional. B．Influential. C．Global. D．Limitless. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国一所小学六年级学生在家长协会的组织下，开展晨跑活动的故事。通过这一活动，学生们不仅增强了体质，还培养了自信和毅力，同时也反映了当前学生缺乏锻炼所带来的健康问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“with the aim of improving their fitness, building self-confidence, and developing patience(旨在提高他们的身体素质，建立自信，培养耐心)”可知，家长协会组织晨跑活动的目的是为了提高学生的身心健康。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“After running just several hundred meters, a few students were out of breath. Some couldn’t even make it halfway, and others had to rely on each other for support to reach the finish line. (仅仅跑了几百米后，一些学生就气喘吁吁。有些学生甚至无法跑完一半的路程，还有一些学生不得不互相搀扶着到达终点)”可知，第一次跑步时，并非所有学生都坚持到了最后。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The sixth-grade jogging program serves as an inspiring example, offering a solution to help students find more time to experience health, happiness, and friendship through physical activity. (六年级的慢跑项目是一个激励人心的例子，它提供了一个解决方案，帮助学生通过体育活动找到更多体验健康、快乐和友谊的时间)”可知，这一活动对学生产生了积极的影响，具有启发性和影响力。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东广州天河区·期末） Using smartphones too much might be bad for mental health, but a new study found an easy fix. Researchers studied what happened when people agreed to block the Internet from their smartphones for just two weeks. And it turns out that most felt better after the break. The researchers included 467 volunteers, aged 18 to 74, who agreed to the month-long study aimed at testing the theory that constant connection to everything, all the time, has unintended consequences. The researchers measured three different results of well-being, mood and attention at the beginning, middle and end of the four-week study.91% of volunteers improved their scores in at least one aspect. The most surprising finding was that feeling less sad or worried was just as good as what happens when people take medicine for depression(抑郁).“The results were much better than we thought,” said researcher Noah Castelo. Tests also showed people could focus better — almost like their brains became 10 years younger. Adrian Ward explained why this works: “When people stop staring at screens, they naturally do healthier things like going outside, meeting friends, or trying new hobbies.” People also slept better and felt closer to others. But the study also showed how much we rely on phones today. Many people had to turn the Internet back on sometimes for important things like maps or work calls.“ We can't completely stop using phones,” Ward said,“ but taking smart breaks helps.” Experts say more studies with bigger groups are needed. Right now, it seems people aged 40-60 benefit the most from using phones less, but we need more research about how this affects teenagers. The researchers suggested simple ways to cut phone use: Start with 30 phone-free minutes daily, increasing gradually. Pick one weekly “low-phone day,” turn off app notifications, and find fun offline activities like sports or reading. These small changes can build healthier habits while keeping basic phone functions. 1．What is the most surprising finding of the study? A．People could focus better after the break. B．Volunteers aged 40-60 benefited the most. C．Most volunteers felt better after the experiment. D．Mental health improved like taking depression medicine. 2．Why do phone breaks help, according to Ward? A．People will rely less on phones. B．Phone breaks improve screen quality. C．People will focus more on their work. D．Phone breaks encourage healthier activities. 3．What do researchers suggest? A．Reducing screen time gradually. B．Using apps only for work purposes. C．Avoiding phones for medical treatment. D．Stopping online activities immediately. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．We'd better stop using phones. B．Dangers of smartphone addiction. C．Phone breaks improve mental health. D．New discoveries in depression treatment. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项研究发现，减少使用手机上网时间能改善心理健康，并给出相关建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The most surprising finding was that feeling less sad or worried was just as good as what happens when people take medicine for depression(抑郁).“The results were much better than we thought,” said researcher Noah Castelo..(最令人惊讶的发现是，减少悲伤或担忧的感觉与人们服用抗抑郁药物时的效果一样好。研究人员诺亚·卡斯特洛说：“结果比我们想象的要好得多”)”可知，该研究最令人惊讶的发现是参与者心理健康状况的改善程度与服用抗抑郁药物的效果相当。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Adrian Ward explained why this works: “When people stop staring at screens, they naturally do healthier things like going outside, meeting friends, or trying new hobbies.” People also slept better and felt closer to others.(阿德里安·沃德解释了其中的原因：“当人们不再盯着屏幕时，他们自然会做一些更健康的事情，比如出去走走、见见朋友或尝试新的爱好”人们的睡眠质量也更好了，并且感觉与他人的关系更亲近了。)”可知，沃德认为减少使用手机能鼓励人们进行更健康的活动，所以对人有帮助。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers suggested simple ways to cut phone use: Start with 30 phone-free minutes daily, increasing gradually. Pick one weekly“ low-phone day,” turn off app notifications, and find fun offline activities like sports or reading. These small changes can build healthier habits while keeping basic phone functions.s.(研究人员提出了一些减少手机使用的简单方法：从每天30分钟不使用手机开始，逐渐增加时间。每周选择一天作为“少用手机日”，关闭应用程序通知，寻找像运动或阅读这样有趣的线下活动。这些小改变可以在保持基本手机功能的同时，培养更健康的习惯。)”可知，研究人员建议逐渐减少看屏幕的时间。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇指出一项新研究发现减少使用手机上网时间能改善心理健康，接着阐述研究过程、结果以及给出相关建议，所以“减少使用手机时间能改善心理健康”最适合用作文章标题。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会——人工智能 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东广州·期末） Do you often use the words “tapestry” “delve” or “testament” in English? Many of us would say no. These words aren’t among the “Top 500 spoken words” — a list of the most common English words. However, these words are becoming more common in some written content, as a study in 2024 found that five percent of all articles published on a research site used the word “delve.” In 2022, it was less than one percent. Since ChatGPT was released to the public in November 2022, we’ve seen that artificial intelligence (AI) favors certain words. Why does ChatGPT prefer these words? The answer is actually very human. While ChatGPT seems to think for itself, what it really does is analyze a very large amount of human-generated information, and use the data to spit out answers to our enquiry (询问). It doesn’t actually understand what it’s telling us. The process of rating AI responses, as part of training the software, is called “reinforcement (强化) learning from human feedback”, and this provides the first clue about why ChatGPT favors certain word. It’s not cheap to employ a lot of testers to rate thousands of responses from Al. So, big companies outsource these jobs to lower-income countries, often places where English is not the first language. One such country that offers cheap labor is Nigeria, and in Nigerian English, “delve” is a common word in professional settings. So, when Nigerian testers tell Al which responses sound natural, their own linguistic preferences come through. As AI-generated content becomes more common, will it also affect the way we speak to each other? In some ways, AI has already left its mark. Of course, language is a living thing, often affected by current events and by new technology. The point is that language is always updating itself, and how we use language is affected by the people we talk to and by the media we consume. As AI-generated media spreads, it is possible, even likely that AI will affect the development of our own vocabulary. 1．Why does the author mention the words we don’t often use? A．To show the varieties of language. B．To warn readers of AI’s threat to language. C．To raise readers’ interest in language change. D．To introduce a study in language development. 2．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．AI’s answers are directly written by humans. B．AI is specially designed to think like humans. C．AI depends on human to develop its language. D．AI understands human language independently. 3．Why does AI favor certain uncommon words? A．Spoken English has been used to train AI. B．AI tries to have impact on human language. C．Companies develop strange language models. D．Non-native English speakers work as AI trainers. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．AI plays an important role in language development. B．New technology reduces the number of English words. C．Language pushes the development of AI-generated media. D．The use of uncommon words make communication harder. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了人工智能，如ChatGPT对语言的影响，包括其偏好某些不常见词汇的原因以及可能对人类语言发展产生的作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you often use the words “tapestry” “delve” or “testament” in English? Many of us would say no. These words aren’t among the “Top 500 spoken words” — a list of the most common English words. (你经常在英语中使用“tapestry”“delve”或“testament”这些词吗？我们中的许多人会说不。这些词不在“500大常用口语词汇”——也就是最常见的英语词汇列表中)”可知，作者提及这些不常用词，是为了引发读者对语言变化的兴趣，从而自然地引入下文关于AI与语言发展的讨论。故选C项。 2．句意猜测题。根据第二段中 “While ChatGPT seems to think for itself, what it really does is analyze a very large amount of human-generated information, and use the data to spit out answers to our enquiry(询问). It doesn’t actually understand what it’s telling us. (虽然ChatGPT看似能自主思考，但它实际上所做的是分析大量人类生成的信息，并利用这些数据来给出我们询问的答案。它其实并不理解自己在说什么)”可知，划线句子“The answer is actually very human.”的意思是AI的语言发展依赖于人类，其输出的内容基于人类生成的信息，C选项“人工智能的语言发展依赖于人类”，符合语境。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’s not cheap to employ a lot of testers to rate thousands of responses from Al. So, big companies outsource these jobs to lower-income countries, often places where English is not the first language. One such country that offers cheap labor ts Nigeria, and in Nigerian English, “delve” is a common word in professional settings. So, when Nigerian testers tell Al which responses sound natural, their own linguistic preferences come through. (雇佣大量测试人员对人工智能的数千条回应进行评分并不便宜。因此，大公司会将这些工作外包给低收入国家，这些地方通常英语并非第一语言。尼日利亚就是这样一个提供廉价劳动力的国家，在尼日利亚英语中，“delve” 在专业场合是一个常用词。所以，当尼日利亚测试人员告诉人工智能哪些回应听起来自然时，他们自身的语言偏好就会体现出来)”可知，AI偏爱某些不常见词汇是因为非英语母语者担任了AI训练师，他们的语言偏好影响了AI。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As AI-generated media spreads, it is possible, even likely that AI will affect the development of our own vocabulary. (随着AI生成的媒体的传播，AI有可能，甚至很可能会影响我们自身词汇的发展)”可知，作者认为AI在语言发展中扮演重要角色。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东汕尾·期末） One of the most important impacts of AI is in the field of education, where tools like ChatGPT have already begun to change how students learn and teachers teach. But as AI develops, a new player is entering the scene: DeepSeek. DeepSeek is not just another AI tool — it’s an intelligent all-round platform designed to address the unique needs of the education field. One of the biggest challenges in education is meeting the diverse learning needs of students. DeepSeek can analyze individual learning patterns and adapt contents accordingly. For example, if a student struggles with math, DeepSeek can provide personalized exercises and explanations to help them master the concepts. This level of personalization goes beyond what ChatGPT currently offers, making DeepSeek a powerful tool for differentiated instruction. To understand how DeepSeek’s personalization works in practice, consider a real-world example from a high school in California, which uses DeepSeek to address the diverse learning needs of its students. By analyzing performance data, DeepSeek identifies that about 30% of students are struggling with physics. It then provides personalized exercises and video lessons to help these students catch up. Within a few months, the school sees a 20% improvement in physics test scores. Rather than viewing DeepSeek and ChatGPT as competitors, it’s more reasonable to see them as complementary (互补的) tools. ChatGPT can handle general tasks like answering questions or producing contents, while DeepSeek focuses on specialized educational applications. Together, they can create an all-round AI-powered learning ecosystem. As we look to the future, one thing is clear: AI tools like DeepSeek and ChatGPT are not just improving education — they’re reshaping it. Whether you’re a student, teacher, or institution, now is the time to embrace these technologies and unlock their full potential (潜能). 1．What is the advantage of DeepSeek over ChatGPT in education? A．It responds more quickly. B．It provides entertainment content. C．It focuses on personalized and adaptive learning. D．It has a larger database of educational resources. 2．How is paragraph 3 developed? A．By listing. B．By giving an example. C．By classification. D．By making an explanation. 3．What may be the author’ attitude towards DeepSeek and ChatGPT? A．The author likes DeepSeek better. B．The author considers them competitors. C．The author is doubtful about both tools. D．The author thinks they can make up for each other. 4．What does the underlined word “embrace” probably mean? A．Accept. B．Control C．Teach. D．Improve. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能工具DeepSeek在教育领域的优势及其与ChatGPT的互补关系，并展望了AI对教育的重塑作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“DeepSeek can analyze individual learning patterns and adapt contents accordingly.(DeepSeek可以分析个人的学习模式并相应地调整内容)”以及“This level of personalization goes beyond what ChatGPT currently offers, making DeepSeek a powerful tool for differentiated instruction.(这种个性化程度超出了ChatGPT目前所提供的，使DeepSeek成为差异化教学的有力工具)”可知，DeepSeek在教育方面的优势是它专注于个性化和适应性学习。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“To understand how DeepSeek’s personalization works in practice, consider a real-world example from a high school in California, which uses DeepSeek to address the diverse learning needs of its students.(为了理解DeepSeek的个性化在实践中是如何运作的，考虑一个来自加利福尼亚一所高中的真实例子，该校使用DeepSeek来满足学生多样化的学习需求)”可知，第三段通过举一个加尼福尼亚一所高中的例子来展开论述。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Rather than viewing DeepSeek and ChatGPT as competitors, it’s more reasonable to see them as complementary (互补的) tools.(与其将DeepSeek和ChatGPT视为竞争对手，不如将它们视为互补的工具更为合理)”可知，作者认为DeepSeek和ChatGPT可以互相弥补不足。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“As we look to the future, one thing is clear: AI tools like DeepSeek and ChatGPT are not just improving education — they’re reshaping it.(当我们展望未来时，有一件事是明确的：像DeepSeek和ChatGPT这样的人工智能工具不仅在改善教育——它们还在重塑教育)”以及“unlock their full potential (潜能)(释放他们的全部潜能)”可知，作者建议学生、教师或机构接受这些技术，释放他们的全部潜能，故可推测embrace意为“接受”。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东揭阳·期末） The 2024 Paris Olympic Games used a wide variety of technological advancements, including AI, to offer industry-first innovations at one of the world’s biggest sporting events. Thomas Bach, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), emphasized the importance of AI’s role in the Games, as it was used to create “highlight videos in multiple formats and languages during these Games”. AI was also used to make the Olympic Games more sustainable, “through a very developed first-ever data capture and energy management system”. Chinese tech companies employed their cutting-edge cloud computing and AI tools to improve live broadcast experiences and athletes’ performances at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. As part of the opening ceremony, the Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra smartphone was equipped on each country’s athletes on the Seine River. This allowed for extended onboard footage to be shared via an exclusive 5G network powered by Orange. The IOC released an AI-powered monitoring system to protect athletes from online abuse (辱骂). The technology made use of AI to monitor social media accounts and flag abusive messages for further action by the relevant platforms. Athletes were able to try out an all-new chat service, which had been developed in partnership with Intel, on the Athlete365 platform. AI has been used to monitor energy consumption in real-time. I lario Coma, chief technology officer at the IOC, emphasized the innovative approach they were taking for event planning. “We are now working with our digital partner Intel using the concept of digital twins, or digital representations of venues, so we can foresee, for example, where we would need power, where we would need to place cameras, and if there could be any security issues — all without needing to be on-site every time.” AI technology also impacted internal workflows, systems viewing experiences, and storytelling at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. Intel introduced AI experiences that transform the Olympic experience for fans, organizers, CEO athletes, and viewers globally. Yiannis Exarchos, CEO of OBS, highlighted the cooperation with Alibaba to provide multi-camera replay systems with AI-powered motion reconstruction, creating 3D models and mapping additional viewpoints across 21 sports. 1．Why did the author quote Thomas Bach’s remarks in the first paragraph? A．To praise how AI contributed to the Olympics. B．To foresee the sustainability of the Olympic Games. C．To reveal the fields of sports technology can influence. D．To indicate the future events technology has impact on. 2．What was the contribution of Chinese tech companies at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games? A．Protection of athletes from the audience. B．Supply of a better social media platform. C．Extension of the coverage of 5G signals. D．Improving the quality of live broadcasts. 3．What can we infer from the AI’s role in monitoring energy consumption? A．It helped meet potential energy demand. B．It provided a more scientific event planning. C．It scheduled engineers for on-site maintenance. D．It was used to control the power consumption. 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Technology Gave Audience a Better Experience B．Technology Shaped the 2024 Paris Olympic Games C．Social Media Protected Athletes from Online Abuse D．Tech Companies Helped Host the Biggest Sporting Events 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会利用包括人工智能在内的各种技术，为其提供了行业领先的创新。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“The 2024 Paris Olympic Games used a wide variety of technological advancements, including AI, to offer industry-first innovations at one of the world’s biggest sporting events. (2024年巴黎奥运会利用包括人工智能在内的各种技术进步，为世界上最大的体育赛事之一提供了行业领先的创新。)”以及“Thomas Bach, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), emphasized the importance of AI’s role in the Games, as it was used to create “highlight videos in multiple formats and languages during these Games”. (国际奥委会（IOC）主席托马斯·巴赫强调了人工智能在奥运会中的重要性，因为它被用来制作‘奥运会期间多种格式和语言的精彩视频’。)”可知，第一段首先肯定了人工智能为2024年巴黎奥运会提供了行业领先的创新，然后引用托马斯·巴赫的话来肯定这一点，赞扬人工智能对奥运会的贡献。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Chinese tech companies employed their cutting-edge cloud computing and AI tools to improve live broadcast experiences and athletes’ performances at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. (中国科技公司利用其尖端的云计算和人工智能工具，改善了2024年巴黎奥运会的直播体验和运动员的表现。)”可知，中国科技公司利用其尖端的云计算和人工智能工具，改善了2024年巴黎奥运会的直播体验，由此可知，中国科技公司在2024年巴黎奥运会上的贡献是提高直播质量。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句““We are now working with our digital partner Intel using the concept of digital twins, or digital representations of venues, so we can foresee, for example, where we would need power, where we would need to place cameras, and if there could be any security issues—all without needing to be on-site every time.”(‘我们现在正在与我们的数字合作伙伴英特尔合作，使用数字双胞胎的概念，或场馆的数字表示，因此我们可以预见，例如，我们需要电力的地方，我们需要放置摄像头的地方，以及是否存在任何安全问题——所有这些都不需要每次都在现场。’)”可知，人工智能可以帮助预见需要电力的地方，和需要放置摄像头的地方等潜在的能源需求；由此可知，我们可以从人工智能在监测能源消耗方面的作用中推断出它有助于满足潜在的能源需求。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“The 2024 Paris Olympic Games used a wide variety of technological advancements, including AI, to offer industry-first innovations at one of the world’s biggest sporting events. (2024年巴黎奥运会利用包括人工智能在内的各种技术进步，为世界上最大的体育赛事之一提供了行业领先的创新。)”可知，本文主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会利用包括人工智能在内的各种技术，为其提供了行业领先的创新，“Technology Shaped the 2024 Paris Olympic Games”意为“技术塑造了2024年巴黎奥运会”，能够概括文章主要内容，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 主题02 人与社会——科普知识 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期末） On January 22, international researchers shared a significant finding in the scientific journal Nature. They discovered bursts of energy in an unexpected part of space, which they named “chorus waves”. These waves got their name because they vibrate (震动) at the same rates as the sounds we can hear. When changed into hearable signals, they sound just like birds chirping (鸣叫) cheerfully. Scientists have been aware of chorus waves in space for years. However, the latest study brought a big surprise. The researchers found that these waves exist as far as 100,000 kilometers away from Earth. This is the greatest distance at which chorus waves have ever been detected from a planet. Chengming Liu, a study writer from Beihang University, stated in an email, “Chorus waves are one of the strongest and most significant waves in space.” Allison Jaynes, a space physicist not participating in this study, commented, “This opens up a lot of new questions about the physics that could be possible in this area.” The newfound chorus waves were detected in an area where Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field extends. Scientists didn’t expect to find them there. Now, they’re eager to figure out how these unique waves form. Jaynes added, “We surely need to find more of these events.” Scientists still are not sure how chorus waves develop, but they believe Earth’s magnetic field is related to it. In the past, radio antennas (天线) detected chorus waves. For example, in the 1960s, an Antarctic research station picked them up. NASA’s Van Allen Probes also heard the chirping sounds, but from a closer distance. The most recent chorus waves were detected by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites, which were sent into space in 2015 to study Earth and the sun’s magnetic fields. Chorus waves have also been found near other planets including Jupiter and Saturn. The waves can produce high-energy electrons. That means they can be a danger to satellite communications. The researchers said their findings suggest that chorus waves might be found everywhere in the magnetic fields of planets. 1．What makes chorus waves get their name? A．The place where they are first discovered. B．Their vibration rates like hearable sounds. C．The way they affect satellite signals. D．Their movement speed in space. 2．What can be inferred from the scientists’ comments? A．Further research is crucial. B．Wave creation is clear. C．Discoveries lack importance. D．Waves pose satellite risks. 3．Which detected the chorus waves at the greatest distance from Earth? A．NASA’s Van Allen Probes. B．Scientists from Beihang University. C．An Antarctic research station in the 1960s. D．NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Naming Story of Chorus Waves B．Chorus Waves: A New Threat to Satellites C．Revealing the Mysteries of Chorus Waves D．Scientists’ Great Debate on Chorus Waves 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了国际研究人员在《自然》杂志上公布的关于“合唱波”的重大发现，包括其命名原因、探测距离、科学家的相关评论、探测工具以及潜在影响等内容，展现了这一太空现象的奥秘与研究价值。 1．细节理解题​。根据第一段“They discovered bursts of energy in an unexpected part of space, which they named “chorus waves”. These waves got their name because they vibrate at the same rates as the sounds we can hear.(他们在太空的一个意想不到的地方发现了能量爆发，将其命名为“合唱波”。这些波得名是因为它们的震动频率与我们能听到的声音相同)” 可知，合唱波的命名源于其震动频率与可听声音的频率一致。​故选B。 2．推理判断题​。根据第三段“This opens up a lot of new questions about the physics that could be possible in this area.(这引发了关于该区域可能存在的物理现象的许多新问题)”及第四段“We surely need to find more of these events.(我们当然需要发现更多这样的现象)”可知，科学家的评论表明目前存在诸多未知问题，进一步研究至关重要。​故选A。 3．细节理解题​。根据第二段“The researchers found that these waves exist as far as 100,000 kilometers away from Earth.(研究人员发现这些波存在于距离地球10万公里的地方)”及第五段“The most recent chorus waves were detected by NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites, which were sent into space in 2015 to study Earth and the sun’s magnetic fields. (最近的合唱波是由美国国家航空航天局的磁层多尺度卫星探测到的，这些卫星于2015年被送入太空，研究地球和太阳的磁场)”可知，美国国家航空航天局的磁层多尺度卫星探测到了距离地球最远的合唱波。​故选D。 4．主旨大意题​。文章围绕“合唱波”展开，依次介绍了其命名原因、探测距离、科学家对其成因的困惑与研究需求、探测工具及分布推测等，整体旨在揭示合唱波的种种奥秘。C项“揭示合唱波的奥秘”能全面概括全文，适合用作标题。​故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东汕尾·期末） Even their greatest fans — wildlife scientists — were left in the dark about the population of Northern Saw-whet Owls (猫头鹰) in one state in the middle of their range. Concerned that the Saw-whet population was decreasing and might require legal protection, scientists sought to get an exact count of the small owls. The results were shocking, as the researchers discovered that the owls were not endangered at all. Instead, the Saw-whet’s lifestyle — completely nighttime, staying mostly quiet, and living high in the forest away from human populations — allowed them to remain undetected. In fact, they were probably the most common small hunters in the forests of that state. There are around 250 species of owls worldwide, and they vary widely in habitat and size. Owls can be found on every continent except Antarctica, living in a wide variety of habitats, ranging from Snowy Owls in the Arctic to Desert Owls in the Middle East. The largest owl is the Blakiston’s Fish Owl of eastern Asia, which weighs about 10 pounds. The smallest is the 39.7-gram Elf Owl of the southwestern United States, a bird that would fit comfortably in your hand. Owls are tough, highly adapted birds with diverse diets. Some are specialists, eating only fish, or others only insects. But most are generalists, eating a wide variety of other small animals. And they are huge hunters: a Barn Owl with a family of six babies to feed will catch around 1,000 small animals in a three-month period. With their secretive nature, owls are difficult to study. In recent years, modern and some not-so-modern technologies are being put to use. Small GPS satellite transmitters (发射机) are now being placed on netted individuals to track their flights. Other researchers have placed hundreds of microphones in remote forest areas to locate owl nests. Others are locating nests by training dogs to smell owl waste. With clearer locations, it would be easier to carry out research and protection for them. 1．What made the research result of Northern Saw-whet Owls surprising? A．Their small size. B．Their quiet habitat. C．Their unique lifestyle. D．Their factual population. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss about owls? A．The diversity. B．The diets. C．The weight. D．The names. 3．Why is the Bam Owl mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To show owls love their kids. B．To conclude owls live a hard life. C．To prove owls can be tough hunters. D．To indicate owls are picky about food. 4．Which section of a magazine may this passage be taken from? A．Novel ideas. B．Scientific Findings. C．History Facts. D．Modern Technology. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北方锯磨猫头鹰的研究发现、猫头鹰的多样性及研究方法等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The results were shocking, as the researchers discovered that the owls were not endangered at all. Instead, the Saw-whet’s lifestyle — completely nighttime, staying mostly quiet, and living high in the forest away from human populations — allowed them to remain undetected. In fact, they were probably the most common small hunters in the forests of that state. (结果令人震惊，因为研究人员发现这种猫头鹰根本没有濒临灭绝。相反，锯磨猫头鹰的生活方式——完全在夜间活动，大部分时间保持安静，生活在远离人类的森林高处——使它们得以不被发现。事实上，它们可能是该州森林中最常见的小型捕食者。)”可知，北方锯磨猫头鹰的研究结果令人惊讶的是它们实际的种群数量，并非濒危，反而很常见。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“There are around 250 species of owls worldwide, and they vary widely in habitat and size. Owls can be found on every continent except Antarctica, living in a wide variety of habitats, ranging from Snowy Owls in the Arctic to Desert Owls in the Middle East. The largest owl is the Blakiston’s Fish Owl of eastern Asia, which weighs about 10 pounds. The smallest is the 39.7-gram Elf Owl of the southwestern United States, a bird that would fit comfortably in your hand. (全世界大约有250种猫头鹰，它们在栖息地和体型上差异很大。除了南极洲，各大洲都能找到猫头鹰，它们生活在各种各样的栖息地，从北极的雪鸮到中东的沙漠鸮。最大的猫头鹰是东亚的布拉基斯顿渔鸮，重约10磅。最小的是美国西南部的39.7克重的姬鸮，这种鸟可以舒适地放在你的手里。)”可知，第三段主要讨论了猫头鹰的多样性，包括种类、栖息地和体型等方面。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Owls are tough, highly adapted birds with diverse diets. Some are specialists, eating only fish, or others only insects. But most are generalists, eating a wide variety of other small animals. And they are huge hunters: a Barn Owl with a family of six babies to feed will catch around 1,000 small animals in a three-month period. (猫头鹰是坚韧、高度适应环境的鸟类，饮食多样。有些是专一性捕食者，只吃鱼，有些只吃昆虫。但大多数是广食性捕食者，吃各种各样的其他小动物。而且它们是出色的猎手：一只需要喂养六个幼崽的仓鸮在三个月内会捕捉大约1000只小动物。)”可知，第四段提到仓鸮是为了证明猫头鹰是强大的猎手。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了关于北方锯磨猫头鹰的研究发现、猫头鹰的多样性以及研究它们所使用的技术等内容，这些都属于科学研究范畴，因此这篇文章可能来自杂志的“科学发现”部分。故选B项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·广东揭阳·期末） A recent study has found that food has a lot to do with comfort in a new city. In a new city, there’s an emotional cost to the food. You may miss your favorite restaurant or your family’s home cooking. But, on the other hand, you may love the new eateries you get to discover. People who were satisfied with their cultural neighborhood said they experienced new food more than anything else. In other words, the difference between adapting and not adapting to a cultural neighborhood may just be some new food. Food wasn’t the only thing that influenced comfort in a new place. Knowing a city or a neighborhood well enough to travel without directions also strongly correlated with people’s ability to adjust. Respondents who felt comfortable in their new location took just 2.8 months, on average, to move around without directions, compared with the 3.7 months it took people who didn’t feel comfortable. This difference could represent anything from fewer frustrations to a greater sense of mobility, and even security. There might be a reason why those who moved for work were so likely to be satisfied, and that reason is friendship. Work was the No. I way people made friends in a new city, helping 35.2% of respondents get to know people. Experts will tell you that making friends at work is not only important for your personal happiness but also a key for career success. So, whether you’re moving to a new city or not, be a friendly co-worker. After a person moves to a new place, they may jokingly refer to the many local habits and phrases they’ve picked up, yet moving truly does bring its own host of changes in a person. Most commonly, that change is new interests, which is cited by 30.9% of respondents who have moved. New food preferences are also enjoyed for 27.7% of respondents. Fortunately, only 7.5% pretend to pick up a new accent (口音), which, research shows, is physically impossible after the age of 12. 1．Why is food important upon your arrival in a new city? A．Food reduces your hunger in an unfamiliar city. B．The taste of food helps you make new discoveries. C．Good taste of food makes a neighborhood familiar. D．Food provides emotional comfort and helps reduce homesickness. 2．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A．Knowing a place well helps you feel more comfortable there. B．You can adapt well if you know the traffic situation in a new city. C．You will feel less tired on your travels if you follow the directions. D．A good sense of directions can make you feel less stressed. 3．What is the author’s advice on working in a new city? A．Be satisfied with your new job. B．Make some friends in advance. C．Be a friendly and cooperative co-worker. D．Be an outstanding professional. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards adults’ learning a new accent in a new city? A．Unbelievable. B．Unquestionable. C．Unbearable. D．Understandable. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了如何更好适应一个新城市或新地方的工作和生活。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“A recent study has found that food has a lot to do with comfort in a new city. In a new city, there’s an emotional cost to the food. You may miss your favorite restaurant or your family’s home cooking. (最近的一项研究发现，食物与新城市的舒适度有很大关系。在一个新城市，食物会带来情感上的慰藉。你可能会想念你最喜欢的餐厅或家人的家常菜。)”可知，在一个新城市，食物会带来情感上的慰藉，你可能会想念你最喜欢的餐厅或家人的家常菜，食物有助于减少思乡之情，由此可知，食物在你抵达一个新城市时很重要，因为食物提供情感上的慰藉，有助于减少思乡之情。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Food wasn’t the only thing that influenced comfort in a new place. Knowing a city or a neighborhood well enough to travel without directions also strongly correlated with people’s ability to adjust. (食物并不是影响新地方舒适度的唯一因素。对一个城市或社区足够了解，可以在没有方向的情况下旅行，这也与人们的适应能力密切相关。)”可知，对一个城市或社区足够了解也是影响新地方舒适度的因素，由此可知，从第二段我们可以推断出熟悉一个地方会让你在那里感觉更舒服。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Experts will tell you that making friends at work is not only important for your personal happiness but also a key for career success. So, whether you’re moving to a new city or not, be a friendly co-worker. (专家会告诉你，在工作中交朋友不仅对你的个人幸福很重要，也是事业成功的关键。所以，无论你是否要搬到一个新城市，都要做一个友好的同事。)”可知，在工作中交朋友是事业成功的关键，如果你搬到一个新城市，要做一个友好的同事，由此可知，作者对在新城市工作的建议是做一个友好合作的同事。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Fortunately, only 7.5% pretend to pick up a new accent (口音), which, research shows, is physically impossible after the age of 12. (幸运的是，只有7.5%的人假装学会了一种新的口音，研究表明，这在12岁以后是不可能的。)”可知，研究表明，在12岁以后学会一种新的口音是不可能的，由此可知，作者对成年人在新城市学习新口音的态度是难以置信的。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·广东佛山·期末） If you’ re asked to picture a successful leader, what do you see? If you’ re like most people, you imagine somebody who is decisive and in control. Somebody who seems to have little doubts about his or her actions. But that kind of thinking has it backward. In more than two decades of research into how leaders’ decision-making has an impact on organizational success, I’ve uncovered a surprising finding: The most effective leaders aren’t the ones who seem to have all the answers, but those who question themselves. They are, in other words, ambivalent. Ambivalent leaders aren’t decisive in the eyes of others and are often regarded as weak and too agreeable. But, our research reveals a different story. In one study of 164 consulting teams in Brazil, we found that leaders who were ambivalent discussed with more team members, and more frequently, than leaders who were less ambivalent. The openness of these leaders also inspired team members to seek more information from others. At the end of the project, customers rated these teams higher in their performance than teams led by decisive managers. My most recent research, of students at a university, showed similar results. We observed the students as they performed six-month class projects in teams. At the end of the projects, team members and leaders answered survey questions about each other. In the survey, team members were open to ambivalence in their leaders: The more ambivalent these leaders seemed to be about decisions, the more their team members felt the leaders were really good listeners. Ambivalent leaders, meanwhile, reported that their team members had higher levels of curiosity and creativity than leaders who were less ambivalent. Ambivalent leaders challenge traditional views of what leaders look like. But evidence shows, again and again, that their performance also eclipses decisive leaders. Ambivalence is a driving force behind critical thinking and joint decision-making. 1．What does the study of 164 teams suggest? A．Ambivalence reduces misunderstanding. B．Teamwork determines a leader’s authority. C．Customer ratings influence working atmosphere. D．Leaders’ openness encourages team interactions. 2．The author presents the research at the university in order to ________. A．support the previous findings B．compare varied research settings C．test the research methods used earlier D．discuss limitations of the former study 3．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “eclipses”? A．Inspires B．Satisfies. C．Promotes. D．Outshines. 4．What is the main writing purpose of the text? A．To compare leaders of different styles. B．To present a new idea about leadership. C．To doubt standards of successful leaders. D．To stress the role of personality in leadership. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究指出，最有效的领导者并非那些看似有所有答案的人，而是那些自我质疑、心存矛盾的人，他们的开放性更能促进团队表现。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In one study of 164 consulting teams in Brazil, we found that leaders who were ambivalent discussed with more team members, and more frequently, than leaders who were less ambivalent. The openness of these leaders also inspired team members to seek more information from others. (在对巴西164个咨询团队的一项研究中，我们发现，心存矛盾的领导者比矛盾较少的领导者与更多团队成员进行讨论，且讨论更频繁。这些领导者的开放性也激励团队成员从他人那里获取更多信息)”可知，领导者的开放性可以激励团队成员从他人那里获取更多信息，即鼓励了团队成员之间的互动。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In more than two decades of research into how leaders’ decision-making has an impact on organizational success, I’ve uncovered a surprising finding: The most effective leaders aren’t the ones who seem to have all the answers, but those who question themselves. They are, in other words, ambivalent.(在对领导者的决策如何影响组织成功的二十多年研究中，我发现了一个令人惊讶的发现：最有效的领导者并不是那些似乎无所不知的人，而是那些质疑自己的人。换句话说，它们是矛盾的)”和第四段中“My most recent research, of students at a university, showed similar results. (我最近对一所大学学生的研究也显示了类似的结果)”可知，作者呈现大学的研究是为了支持之前的研究发现。故选A项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句后“Ambivalence is a driving force behind critical thinking and joint decision-making.(矛盾心理是批判性思维和共同决策背后的驱动力)”可知，矛盾心理驱动批判性思维和共同决策，由此推知，心存矛盾的领导者的表现会超过了果断型领导者。故划线词eclipses意思是“比……更出色”，与D项“Outshines”同义。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“In more than two decades of research into how leaders’ decision making has an impact on organizational success, I’ve uncovered a surprising finding: The most effective leaders aren’t the ones who seem to have all the answers, but those who question themselves. (在对领导者的决策如何影响组织成功进行了二十多年的研究后，我有了一个惊人的发现：最有效的领导者并非那些看似有所有答案的人，而是那些自我质疑的人)”和最后一段中“Ambivalent leaders challenge traditional views of what leaders look like.(矛盾的领导者挑战了人们对领导者的传统看法)”可知，文章的主要目的是提出一种关于领导力的新观点。故选B项。 主题03 人与社会——音乐舞蹈 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东茂名·期末） One of the problems people face today is lack of self expression. In this fast paced world, people are so busy that no one even bothers to listen to what the other person has to say. Self expression is necessary and one of the best ways to do so is by way of music. Sharing our feelings as a coping mechanism with others can help in lowering our stress to a large extent. It also fetches support from those around us. Research shows that people who have someone to hear them out are happier compared to those who don’t. Self expression is important but not easy. However, it can be made easy with the help of music. Music has proved to be of great help when it comes to self expression. The power of music is such that by playing musical instruments such as drums or flute or guitar, you can convey how you are feeling or what you are going through. You can express even the most intense feelings with the help of music. Another way in which you can express yourself is by writing lyrics, words of a song. This is a great way to communicate your feelings. You can write the lyrics of an existing song or a mix of different ones or even make up new lyrics. The idea always is to express yourself. You don’t have to be a great musician or writer to do all this. Don’t worry about the outcome. Just follow the process and it will help in true expression of self. This is a way to liberate oneself and see things from a different way. Whether someone hears out your composition or not, you will feel liberated once you express it by way of music. Expressing self can be difficult, but it can be less stressful with the help of music, a good medium for self expression. 1．What problem do people face today? A．Short of self-expression B．Fast-paced lifestyle C．Lacking in music resources. D．Heavy work pressure. 2．How does self-expression help reduce stress? A．Through others listening. B．By creating music. C．Through professional training. D．By changing lifestyle. 3．What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A．The power of self-expression. B．How music helps self-expression. C．The great way to communicate. D．How we express intense feelings. 4．What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A．Lyric writing begins easily. B．Music requires professional skills. C．Self-expression needs no medium. D．Process matters more than outcome. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐作为自我表达的重要媒介及其对缓解压力、促进心理健康的积极作用。 1．细节理解题。从文章第一段“One of the problems people face today is lack of self expression. In this fast paced world, people are so busy that no one even bothers to listen to what the other person has to say.(如今，人们面临的问题之一是缺乏自我表达。在这个快节奏的世界里，人们太过忙碌，甚至没人愿意花时间去倾听他人的心声。)”可知，人们面对的一个问题就是缺乏自我表达。故选A。 2．细节理解题。从文章第二段的“Research shows that people who have someone to hear them out are happier compared to those who don’t.(研究表明，与无人倾诉的人相比，有倾听者的人更加快乐。)”可知，有人倾听的人比无人倾听的更快乐。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The power of music is such that by playing musical instruments such as drums or flute or guitar, you can convey how you are feeling or what you are going through. You can express even the most intense feelings with the help of music. Another way in which you can express yourself is by writing lyrics, words of a song. This is a great way to communicate your feelings. You can write the lyrics of an existing song or a mix of different ones or even make up new lyrics. The idea always is to express yourself.(音乐的力量在于，通过演奏鼓、长笛或吉他等乐器，你可以传达自己的感受或经历。借助音乐，你甚至可以表达最强烈的情感。另一种自我表达的方式是创作歌词，即歌曲的词句。这是表达情感的一种绝佳方式。你可以为现有的歌曲填词，也可以将不同歌曲的歌词混合，甚至可以创作全新的歌词。关键在于表达自我。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是音乐如何助力自我表达。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Don’t worry about the outcome. Just follow the process and it will help in true expression of self.(不必担心结果如何，只需享受过程，它就能助你实现真正的自我表达。)”可知，过程比结果更重要，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东广州八区·期末） “Singing is the start of music. By singing, we make ourselves physically part of music and music part of us,” writes composer Andrew Ford, host of The Music Show. Songs have a powerful effect on us. Has anyone discovered the joy of singing in a choir? Mary works as a busy teacher, and choir practice nights are simply her “sanity”. “There are nights when even I don’t feel like going to choir but by the time we’ve finished, I’m glad I came,” said Mary. Research says choiring is really good for you. By monitoring the health signs of members of a choir, Bjorn Vickoff at Sweden University discovered the singers’ hearts started to beat in step with their breathing. There seemed to be a wave of air moving through the group, making them feel connected as one. Research has proved that choiring has comforting effects similar to those that come from breathing exercises in yoga. Singing also produces hormones (荷尔蒙) and other happy chemicals, fighting against depression and loneliness. Singers have been found to have lower levels of stress after choiring. And a later study also found that singing relieves anxiety and that group singing can be especially beneficial to the health of older adults. At the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, choir after choir was put on stage by singers with no big names. But this is real music to Tony Backhouse’s ears. The choirmaster spent three decades in Australia founding and working with choral groups. “If I were asked to redesign the Australian educational system, I would start by insisting that group singing become a central part of the daily routine. I believe it builds character and, more than anything else, encourage a taste for cooperation with others,” said Tony. For him, the meaning of group singing is “cooperation, rather than competition. Singing teaches us to listen, which is a great gift. In my community choir, it’s about creating something amazing together, and we really aim to make every rehearsal a thing of joy and beauty.” 1．What does the underlined “sanity” probably mean? A．Relief. B．Routine. C．Duty. D．Suffering. 2．According to Bjorn Vickoff’s study, what caused the change of the singers’ heart rates? A．Their long-term practice. B．The monitoring machine. C．The rhythm of their breathing. D．The airflow condition on the stage. 3．How does choiring benefit singers? A．It lowers stress level. B．It raises the singers’ heart rate. C．It builds physical strength. D．It reduces chemicals in their bodies. 4．What can we infer from Tony Backhouse’s words about choiring? A．It’s a recent educational trend in Australia. B．It is especially helpful for singers with no big names. C．It should replace other subjects in the educational system. D．It helps students develop good qualities and teamwork spirit. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了合唱对人们身心健康的积极影响，包括缓解压力、促进合作以及增强幸福感等。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Mary works as a busy teacher, and choir practice nights are simply her “sanity”. “There are nights when even I don’t feel like going to choir but by the time we’ve finished, I’m glad I came,” said Mary. (Mary是一名忙碌的老师，合唱练习的夜晚就是她的“sanity”。Mary说：“有些夜晚，即便我不想去合唱团，但排练结束时，我总会庆幸自己去了。”)”可知，合唱练习对Mary来说是一种放松和缓解压力的方式，因此“sanity”与relief的意义相近。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“By monitoring the heath signs of members of a choir, Bjorn Vickoff at Sweden University discovered the singers’ hearts started to beat in step with their breathing. (通过监测合唱团成员的健康体征，瑞典大学的Bjorn Vickoff发现，歌手们的心脏开始随着呼吸节奏同步跳动)”可知，是呼吸的节奏导致了歌手心率的变化。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Singers have been found to have lower levels of stress after choiring. (研究发现，歌手在合唱后压力水平会降低)”可知，合唱能降低歌手的压力水平。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I believe it builds character and, more than anything else, encourage a taste for cooperation with others,” said Tony. For him, the meaning of group singing is “cooperation, rather than competition. Singing teaches us to listen, which is a great gift. (Tony说：“我相信合唱能塑造品格，而且最重要的是，它能培养人们与他人合作的意愿。”在他看来，集体歌唱的意义在于合作，而非竞争。歌唱教会我们倾听，这是一份珍贵的馈赠)”可推断，合唱有助于培养学生良好的品质和团队合作精神。故选D项。 主题04 人与社会——科学技术 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·广东东莞·期末） A new fast-food restaurant, BurgerBot, is getting a lot of attention in the restaurant industry. It hires robots instead of humans to prepare meals. The restaurant features robots that can work non-stop to make burgers without breaks. BurgerBot is part of a growing trend (趋势) of robots in the food service industry. The restaurant believes its technology is suitable for tasks that humans aren’t interested in, such as making burgers. This development comes when many fast-food restaurants face difficulties in hiring and keeping staff. Robot workers help restaurants run smoothly without dealing with staff problems. The introduction of fully automated (自动的) restaurants raises questions about the future of job markets in the food service industry. Fast food has long provided many jobs, especially for people starting their first job or those without higher education. With statements like “the robots are taking our jobs”, BurgerBot admits the substitution of human workers but says it’s a change we can’t avoid. The restaurant sees this shift as progress, not a problem. BurgerBot stresses cleanliness and standardization as key benefits of its robot-made food. By avoiding human contact, the automated system helps lower the risk of food being prepared in an unclean way. It also ensures equal amounts of food are served each time. This reduces the variation that comes with human preparation. However, there are still questions about how customers will respond to the lack of human contact. It remains to be seen whether the standard quality of robot-made food can make up for the loss of the human touch in food preparation. As this technology grows, customers will eventually decide whether cleanliness and standardization are more important than the skill and care that humans put into preparing food. 1．Why does BurgerBot think robots are suitable for some restaurant tasks? A．They work faster than humans. B．They make food more creative. C．They do tasks people don’t like to do. D．They reduce the cost of hiring human staff. 2．What does the underlined word “substitution” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Replacement. B．Employment. C．Improvement. D．Requirement. 3．How might some customers react to the robots? A．They don’t believe robots can make food. B．They dislike food that looks exactly the same. C．They miss the care that people put into cooking. D．They are worried that robots use too much energy. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．How Fast Food Restaurants Develop B．Why Robot-made Food Benefits Health C．Why Human Workers Are Better Than Robots D．How Robots Are Changing Fast Food Service 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一家名为BurgerBot的新型快餐店用机器人代替人类准备餐食，以及这一现象对快餐行业的影响。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The restaurant believes its technology is suitable for tasks that humans aren’t interested in, such as making burgers. (这家餐厅认为，它的技术适用于人类不感兴趣的任务，比如制作汉堡。)”可知，BurgerBot认为机器人适合一些餐厅任务是因为它们可以做人们不喜欢做的任务。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“With statements like “the robots are taking our jobs”, BurgerBot admits the substitution of human workers but says it’s a change we can’t avoid. (针对“机器人在抢我们的饭碗”这类言论，汉堡机器人餐厅承认人类员工会被substitution，但表示这是我们无法避免的变革。)”可知，BurgerBot承认机器人正在取代人类工人的工作，但表示这是我们无法避免的改变。故substitution意思是“取代”。A. Replacement.取代；B. Employment.雇佣；C. Improvement.改善；D. Requirement.要求。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, there are still questions about how customers will respond to the lack of human contact. It remains to be seen whether the standard quality of robot-made food can make up for the loss of the human touch in food preparation. (然而，关于顾客将如何应对缺乏人际接触的问题仍然存在。机器人制作的食物的标准质量能否弥补食物准备过程中缺乏人情味的损失，还有待观察。)”可知，一些顾客可能会怀念人们烹饪时的用心。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“A new fast-food restaurant, BurgerBot, is getting a lot of attention in the restaurant industry. It hires robots instead of humans to prepare meals. The restaurant features robots that can work non-stop to make burgers without breaks. (一家名为BurgerBot的新型快餐店在餐饮业备受关注。它雇佣机器人而不是人类来准备餐食。这家餐厅的特色是机器人可以不知疲倦地不停工作来制作汉堡。)”可知，文章主要说明了BurgerBot用机器人代替人类准备餐食，以及这一现象对快餐行业的影响。可知，D选项“How Robots Are Changing Fast Food Service (机器人如何改变快餐服务)”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·广东肇庆·期末） The face of a royal woman who lived in Greece in the 1500s BCE or 1600s BCE, during the Bronze Age, has been recreated using digital technology. The woman’s remains were first discovered in the 1950s at Mycenae, an ancient city that is now an important historical site. In the 1980s, experts made a clay model of what they thought she might have looked like, based on her skull. For the most recent reconstruction, a digital artist named Ortega used the clay model as a starting point. The artist also used additional information, including DNA and ancient art, to produce the most realistic digital image possible. “For the first time since she was laid beneath the ground over 3,500 years ago, we are able to gaze into the respectable face of a Bronze Age royal woman,” Emily, a historian and expert on ancient Greece who led the project, told the press. The woman, who was buried in a royal cemetery, was in her mid-30s when she died. She was buried next to a man, and though experts initially thought they were a husband and wife, DNA analysis revealed that they were brother and sister. This indicates that the woman was buried there because of the status of her family, rather than her marriage. A death mask made from a metal called electrum—which is a naturally occurring mixture of gold and silver—was buried with the woman. Such masks were often created for important people because they were believed to offer protection in the afterlife. The royal woman was also buried with a collection of weapons, including three swords. Experts first assumed the swords belonged to her brother, but now they believe they were hers. Emily said the link between the woman and these weapons suggested there could be more to learn about how women were involved in war at that time. “The reconstruction”, she said, “allows the real women of ancient history to step out of the shadows.” 1．What is the basis of the most recent image reconstruction of the royal woman? A．The skull of the royal woman. B．The woman’s DNA information. C．Ancient paintings and sculptures. D．The clay model created in the 1980s. 2．What do the underlined words “gaze into” mean in the third paragraph? A．Touch. B．Admire. C．Imagine. D．Recreate. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Women in Ancient Greece were skilled soldiers. B．Women in Ancient Greece had high social status. C．Women’s role in the ancient wars remains to be explored. D．Women in Ancient Greece carried weapons for decoration. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage? A．Mycenae’s Royal Tomb: Uncovering Secrets of the Bronze Age B．The Mystery of the Electrum Mask: A Bronze Age Puzzle Solved C．DNA Analysis vs Traditional Archaeology: A Battle for Historical Truth D．From Shadow to Light: Technology Reveals an Ancient Woman’s Image 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了利用数字技术重现一位生活在公元前1500或1600年青铜时代的希腊皇室女性面容的过程。文章详细描述了重建的依据、历史背景以及这一发现对了解古代女性社会地位和角色的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For the most recent reconstruction, a digital artist named Ortega used the clay model as a starting point.(在最近的这次重建中，数字艺术家Ortega以1980年代的黏土模型为起点)”可知，最新的图像重建是基于1980年代的黏土模型。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“For the first time since she was laid beneath the ground over 3,500 years ago, we are able to gaze intothe respectable face of a Bronze Age royal woman.(自这位女性被埋葬3500多年以来，我们第一次得以 gaze into这位青铜时代皇室女性令人尊敬的面容)”可知，划线短语下文提到了这位青铜时代皇室女性令人尊敬的面容，可推理出划线词在此处意为“凝视、欣赏”，与“Admire（欣赏）”意思相近。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Emily said the link between the woman and these weapons suggested there could be more to learn about how women were involved in war at that time(Emily表示，这位女性与这些武器的关联表明，关于女性在当时战争中的参与情况，还有更多值得探索的内容)”可知，关于女性在当时战争中的参与情况，还有更多值得探索的内容，由此可推理出古代女性在战争中的角色仍有待研究。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The face of a royal woman who lived in Greece in the 1500s BCE or 1600s BCE, during the Bronze Age, has been recreated using digital technology. The woman’s remains were first discovered in the 1950s at Mycenae, an ancient city that is now an important historical site.(在公元前1600年至公元前1500年间的青铜时代，生活在希腊的一位王室女性的面孔，已通过数字技术得以复原。20世纪50年代，人们在迈锡尼——一座如今已成为重要历史遗迹的古城——首次发现了这名女性的遗骸)”、第四段“The woman, who was buried in a royal cemetery, was in her mid-30s when she died. She was buried next to a man, and though experts initially thought they were a husband and wife, DNA analysis revealed that they were brother and sister. This indicates that the woman was buried there because of the status of her family, rather than her marriage(这名女子被安葬在一处王室墓地中，去世时约35岁左右。她与一名男子合葬，尽管专家最初认为他们是一对夫妻，但DNA分析显示他们实为兄妹。这表明该女子之所以被安葬于此，是由于她家族的地位，而非因其婚姻关系)”以及最后一段“The royal woman was also buried with a collection of weapons, including three swords. Experts first assumed the swords belonged to her brother, but now they believe they were hers. Emily said the link between the woman and these weapons suggested there could be more to learn about how women were involved in war at that time. “The reconstruction”, she said, “allows the real women of ancient history to step out of the shadows.”(这位王室女子还随葬了一批武器，其中包括三把剑。专家最初认为这些剑属于她的兄长，但现在他们相信这些剑是她的。艾米丽表示，这名女子与这些武器之间的联系表明，当时女性参与战争的方式可能还有更多内容有待了解)”可知，全文围绕利用数字技术重现一位青铜时代皇室女性面容的过程展开，并探讨了这一发现的历史意义。D项“From Shadow to Light: Technology Reveals an Ancient Woman’s Image(从阴影到光明：技术揭示古代女性形象)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $