Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元词汇精讲巧练 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然灾难”主题词汇，构建“识词-形转-搭配-应用”四层学习体系，融合词性转换、语境运用等方法，提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |读单词识词义|46词|音形义结合记忆|主题词汇输入| |核心词汇形转|21组转换|构词法（派生/转化）|词形变化规律| |词块/短语搭配|15个短语|场景化短语记忆|功能短语拓展| |重点词汇精讲|25词精讲|例句+搭配解析|词汇深度理解| |词汇巩固训练|5类50题|分层训练（基础-应用）|综合能力内化|

Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元词汇讲与练 读单词识词义 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 1. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害 2. flood /flʌd/ n./v. 洪水；泛滥 3. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 4. typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 5. thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ n. 雷；雷声 6. coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸；海滨 7. terrible /ˈterəbl/ adj. 可怕的；糟糕的 8. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 9. low-lying /ˌləʊˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj. 低洼的 10. rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的 11. injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ adj. 受伤的 12. similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相似的 13. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的 14. electronic /ɪˈlekˈtrɒnɪk/ adj. 电子的 15. super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adj. 超级的 16. soft /sɒft/ adj. 柔软的 17. force /fɔːs/ n./v. 力量；强迫 18. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤 19. death /deθ/ n. 死亡 20. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 摧毁；破坏 21. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v. 伤害；使受伤 22. effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；作用 23. cancel /ˈkænsl/ v. 取消；终止 24. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸存 25. rise /raɪz/ v. 上涨；升高 26. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n./v. 营救；援救 27. urge /ɜːdʒ/ v. 敦促；力劝 28. satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ v. 使满意 29. guard /ɡɑːd/ n. 警卫；看守 30. warmth /wɔːmθ/ n. 温暖 31. foam /fəʊm/ n. 泡沫 32. tent /tent/ n. 帐篷 33. battery /ˈbætri/ n. 电池 34. case /keɪs/ n. 情况；事例 35. hotel /həʊˈtel/ n. 旅馆；旅社 36. seaside /ˈsiːsaɪd/ n. 海边；海滨 37. dollar /ˈdɒlə(r)/ n. 美元 38. Rd. /rəʊd/ n. 路（road 缩写） 39. Dr. /ˈdɒktə(r)/ n. 博士；医生（缩写） 40. exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试（缩写） 41. anyway /ˈeniweɪ/ adv. 不过；总之 42. rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地 43. towards /təˈwɔːdz/ prep. 向；朝着 44. nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ pron. 没有什么 45. whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 46. themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他们自己 核心词汇形转 原词 词性 转换形式 释义 / 用法 例句 / 搭配 disaster n. 灾难 disastrous adj. 灾难性 disastrous flood 灾难性洪水 flood n./v. 洪水 flooded adj. 被淹没 flooded area 受淹地区 earthquake n. 地震 earthquake-prone adj. 地震多发 earthquake-prone zone 地震带 terrible adj. 可怕 terribly adv. 非常；极度 terribly scared 极度害怕 danger n. 危险 dangerous adj. 危险 dangerous storm 危险风暴 injure v. 伤害 injury n.；injured adj. 伤害；受伤 suffer injury 受伤；injured people 伤者 destroy v. 摧毁 destruction n.；destructive adj. 破坏；破坏性 environmental destruction 环境破坏 death n. 死亡 dead adj.；die v. 死亡；死去 dead trees 枯树；die out 灭绝 rapid adj. 迅速 rapidly adv. 迅速地 rise rapidly 快速上涨 survive v. 幸存 survival n.；survivor n. 幸存；幸存者 survival skills 生存技能 rise v. 上涨 rose (过去式)；risen (过去分词) 上涨；升高 the river rose 河水上涨 rescue v./n. 营救 rescuer n. 救援人员 brave rescuers 勇敢救援者 force n./v. 强迫 forceful adj. 有力 forceful wind 强风 effect n. 影响 effective adj. 有效的 effective measures 有效措施 cancel v. 取消 cancellation n. 取消 flight cancellation 航班取消 warmth n. 温暖 warm adj./v.；warmly adv. 温暖；变暖；温暖地 warm air 暖风 similar adj. 相似 similarly adv. 相似地 think similarly 想法相似 necessary adj. 必要 necessarily adv. 必要地 not necessarily 未必 electronic adj. 电子 electronics n. 电子学 electronic products 电子产品 urgent adj. 紧急 urgently adv. 紧急地 urge urgently 紧急敦促 protect v. 保护 protection n. 保护 natural protection 自然保护 词块/短语搭配 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句 1 natural disaster 自然灾害 Earthquake is a terrible natural disaster. 2 result in 导致；造成 The typhoon resulted in heavy floods. 3 lose one’s life 失去生命 Many people lost their lives in the disaster. 4 be homeless 无家可归 The storm made thousands of people homeless. 5 prepare for 为…… 做准备 We should prepare for natural disasters. 6 in case 以防；万一 Take an umbrella in case it rains heavily. 7 go off 断电；熄灭 The lights went off during the earthquake. 8 stay away from 远离 Stay away from low-lying areas in floods. 9 be careful of 当心；小心 Be careful of falling rocks in earthquakes. 10 get away 逃离；离开 We must get away from the dangerous place. 11 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 The government warned people of the typhoon. 12 urge sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做 Rescuers urged people to leave quickly. 13 rescue work 救援工作 Rescue work started right after the disaster. 14 provide food and water 提供食物水 Volunteers provided food for survivors. 15 be covered with 被…… 覆盖 The town was covered with floodwater. 重点词汇精讲 1. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/n. 灾难；灾害 例句：The earthquake was a serious natural disaster. 中文：这场地震是严重的自然灾害。 搭配：natural disaster 自然灾害；air disaster 空难 2. flood /flʌd/n./v. 洪水；泛滥 例句：Heavy rain caused a big flood in the village. 中文：大雨在村子里引发了大洪水。 搭配：flood warning 洪水预警；flooded area 灾区 3. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/n. 地震 例句：Many buildings fell down in the strong earthquake. 中文：强震中许多房屋倒塌。 搭配：big earthquake 强震；earthquake damage 震损 4. typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/n. 台风 例句：The typhoon will hit the coastal city tomorrow. 中文：台风明日将登陆沿海城市。 搭配：strong typhoon 强台风；typhoon season 台风季 5. terrible /ˈterəbl/adj. 可怕的；糟糕的 例句：The terrible storm destroyed many houses. 中文：可怕的暴风雨摧毁了许多房屋。 搭配：terrible weather 恶劣天气；terrible news 噩耗 6. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/adj. 危险的 例句：It’s dangerous to stay outside during a typhoon. 中文：台风期间待在外面很危险。 搭配：dangerous area 危险区；dangerous wind 强风 7. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/v. 伤害；使受伤 例句：Several people were injured in the earthquake. 中文：地震中数人受伤。 搭配：seriously injured 重伤；injure oneself 自伤 8. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/v. 摧毁；破坏 例句：The flood destroyed the bridge and roads. 中文：洪水冲毁了桥梁和道路。 搭配：destroy homes 摧毁家园；destroy crops 毁坏庄稼 9. death /deθ/n. 死亡 例句：The disaster caused many deaths in the town. 中文：这场灾难造成镇上多人死亡。 搭配：cause death 致死；sudden death 猝死 10. survive /səˈvaɪv/v. 幸存；存活 例句：Only a few people survived the big flood. 中文：大洪水中仅少数人幸存。 搭配：survive the disaster 幸免于难；survivor 幸存者 11. rise /raɪz/v. 上涨；升高 例句：The river rose quickly after heavy rain. 中文：大雨后河水迅速上涨。 变形：rose (过去式)；risen (过去分词) 12. rescue /ˈreskjuː/n./v. 营救；援救 例句：Rescuers saved many people from the flood. 中文：救援人员从洪水中救出多人。 搭配：rescue team 救援队；rescue people 救人 13. force /fɔːs/n./v. 力量；强迫 例句：The force of the typhoon is very strong. 中文：台风的威力非常大。 搭配：the force of wind 风力；force sb. to leave 强迫离开 14. effect /ɪˈfekt/n. 影响；作用 例句：The flood had a bad effect on local life. 中文：洪水对当地生活造成恶劣影响。 搭配：have an effect on 影响；bad effect 坏影响 15. cancel /ˈkænsl/v. 取消；终止 例句：The flight was cancelled because of the typhoon. 中文：航班因台风取消。 搭配：cancel a trip 取消行程；cancel class 停课 16. low-lying /ˌləʊˈlaɪɪŋ/adj. 低洼的 例句：Low-lying areas are easy to be flooded. 中文：低洼地区易被淹没。 搭配：low-lying land 低洼地 17. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的 例句：The rapid rise of water surprised people. 中文：水位快速上涨让人们吃惊。 搭配：rapid speed 高速；rapid change 剧变 18. urgent /ˈɜːdʒ/v. 敦促；力劝 例句：The government urged people to move to safe places. 中文：政府敦促民众转移至安全地带。 搭配：urge sb. to act 敦促行动 19. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的 例句：It’s necessary to learn disaster safety rules. 中文：学习防灾规则很有必要。 搭配：necessary steps 必要措施 20. electronic /ɪˈlekˈtrɒnɪk/adj. 电子的 例句：We use electronic devices to forecast disasters. 中文：我们用电子设备预报灾害。 搭配：electronic equipment 电子设备 21. similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/adj. 相似的 例句：The two disasters have similar effects. 中文：两场灾害影响相似。 搭配：be similar to 与…… 相似 22. coast /kəʊst/n. 海岸；海滨 例句：Many cities are on the east coast of China. 中文：许多城市位于中国东海岸。 搭配：coastal city 沿海城市 23. thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/n. 雷；雷声 例句：We heard loud thunder before the storm. 中文：暴风雨前我们听到巨响雷声。 搭配：thunderstorm 雷暴 24. tent /tent/n. 帐篷 例句：Survivors lived in tents after the disaster. 中文：灾后幸存者住在帐篷里。 搭配：put up a tent 搭帐篷 25. battery /ˈbætri/n. 电池 例句：We need batteries for flashlights during power cuts. 中文：断电时手电筒需要电池。 搭配：change batteries 换电池 26. warmth /wɔːmθ/n. 温暖 例句：Volunteers brought warmth to homeless people. 中文：志愿者为无家可归者带去温暖。 词汇巩固训练 （一）根据汉语释义，写出英文单词、音标及词性（10 题） 1. 灾难；灾害 __________ 2. 洪水；泛滥 __________ 3. 地震 __________ 4. 危险的 __________ 5. 伤害；使受伤 __________ 6. 摧毁；破坏 __________ 7. 幸存 __________ 8. 营救；援救 __________ 9. 取消 __________ 10. 必要的 __________ （二）单项选择题（词义辨析 + 固定搭配，10 题） 1. A strong ________ hit the city and destroyed many buildings. ( ) A. disaster B. typhoon C. flood D. earthquake 2. Many people were ________ in the terrible storm. ( ) A. injured B. destroyed C. killed D. saved 3. The river ________ quickly after the heavy rain last night. ( ) A. rose B. fell C. ran D. flowed 4. We should stay calm ________ a natural disaster happens. ( ) A. in case B. so that C. because D. although 5. The government ________ people to leave the low-lying areas. ( ) A. warned B. urged C. protected D. helped 6. The flight was ________ because of the heavy fog. ( ) A. prepared B. cancelled C. rescued D. covered 7. Only a few villagers ________ the big flood last year. ( ) A. survived B. destroyed C. injured D. died 8. It’s ________ for us to learn how to protect ourselves in disasters. ( ) A. dangerous B. terrible C. necessary D. similar 9. The flood had a great ________ on people’s daily life. ( ) A. effect B. force C. danger D. warmth 10. Rescuers worked hard to ________ people from the fallen houses. ( ) A. save B. rescue C. protect D. prepare （三）用所给单词的适当形式填空（词性转换专项，10 题） 1. The ________ (disaster) storm caused great damage. 2. Many ________ (injure) people were sent to hospital. 3. The ________ (destruction) of the forest is serious. 4. Only a few ________ (survive) were found after the earthquake. 5. The river ________ (rise) by 2 meters yesterday. 6. The ________ (rescue) saved 20 people from the flood. 7. It’s ________ (necessarily) to bring a flashlight. 8. The typhoon was ________ (terrible) strong this year. 9. We need ________ (electric) devices to forecast the storm. 10. The ________ (warm) from volunteers helped people a lot. （四）英汉互译（单词 + 短语 + 短句，10 题） 1. 自然灾害 __________ 2. 导致；造成 __________ 3. 失去生命 __________ 4. 为…… 做准备 __________ 5. 断电 __________ 6. stay away from __________ 7. warn sb. of sth. __________ 8. rescue work __________ 9. be covered with __________ 10. get away __________ （五）语境选词填空（从词库选词，可变形，10 题） 词库：disaster, flood, injure, destroy, survive, rescue, cancel, urge, necessary, rapid 1. A big ________ hit the village and washed away many houses. 2. Don’t run in the earthquake, or you may ________ yourself. 3. The storm ________ the small bridge last night. 4. Only five people ________ the terrible natural disaster. 5. The ________ team arrived at the scene at once. 6. They ________ the sports meeting because of the typhoon. 7. The teacher ________ us to leave the dangerous place quickly. 8. It’s ________ to know safety rules before a disaster. 9. The ________ rise of water made people worried. 10. Earthquake is a kind of serious ________. 背默清单 （一）核心名词（25 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ 灾难 /flʌd/ 洪水 /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ 地震 /taɪˈfuːn/ 台风 /ˈθʌndə(r)/ 雷声 /kəʊst/ 海岸 /ˈɪndʒəri/ 伤害 /deθ/ 死亡 /ˈreskjuː/ 营救 /tent/ 帐篷 /ˈbætri/ 电池 /keɪs/ 情况 /həʊˈtel/ 旅馆 /ˈsiːsaɪd/ 海边 /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险 /wɔːmθ/ 温暖 /fəʊm/ 泡沫 /ɡɑːd/ 警卫 /ˈdɒlə(r)/ 美元 /ɪɡˈzæm/ 考试 /ˈhæbɪtæt/ 栖息地 /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ 幸存者 （二）核心动词（25 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /flʌd/ 泛滥 /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ 伤害 /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ 摧毁 /səˈvaɪv/ 幸存 /raɪz/ 上涨 /ˈreskjuː/ 营救 /fɔːs/ 强迫 /ˈkænsl/ 取消 /ɜːdʒ/ 敦促 /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ 使满意 /ˈkʌvə(r)/ 覆盖 /prəˈtekʃn/ 保护 /pəˈluːt/ 污染 /prɪˈpeə(r)/ 准备 /wɔːn/ 警告 /ɡet əˈweɪ/ 逃离 /ɡəʊ ɒf/ 断电 /set aʊt/ 出发 /prəˈvaɪd/ 提供 /luːz/ 失去 （三）核心形容词（20 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 /ˈterəbl/ 可怕 /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ 危险 /ˌləʊˈlaɪɪŋ/ 低洼 /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速 /ˈɪndʒəd/ 受伤 /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ 相似 /ˈnesəsəri/ 必要 /ɪˈlekˈtrɒnɪk/ 电子 /ˈsuːpə(r)/ 超级 /sɒft/ 柔软 /ded/ 死亡 /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ 灾难性 /ˈkəʊstl/ 沿海 /ɪˈfektɪv/ 有效 （四）核心副词 / 短语（15 个） 单词 / 短语 音标 释义 单词 / 短语 音标 释义 /ˈræpɪdli/ 迅速地 /ˈterəbli/ 极度 /təˈwɔːdz/ 朝着 /ˈeniweɪ/ 总之 — 自然灾害 — 导致 — 失去生命 — 无家可归 — 为…… 准备 — 以防 — 远离 — 救援工作 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元词汇讲与练 读单词识词义 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 单词（含词性音标） 中文释义 1. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害 2. flood /flʌd/ n./v. 洪水；泛滥 3. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 4. typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 5. thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ n. 雷；雷声 6. coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸；海滨 7. terrible /ˈterəbl/ adj. 可怕的；糟糕的 8. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 9. low-lying /ˌləʊˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj. 低洼的 10. rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的 11. injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ adj. 受伤的 12. similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相似的 13. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的 14. electronic /ɪˈlekˈtrɒnɪk/ adj. 电子的 15. super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adj. 超级的 16. soft /sɒft/ adj. 柔软的 17. force /fɔːs/ n./v. 力量；强迫 18. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤 19. death /deθ/ n. 死亡 20. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 摧毁；破坏 21. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v. 伤害；使受伤 22. effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；作用 23. cancel /ˈkænsl/ v. 取消；终止 24. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸存 25. rise /raɪz/ v. 上涨；升高 26. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n./v. 营救；援救 27. urge /ɜːdʒ/ v. 敦促；力劝 28. satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ v. 使满意 29. guard /ɡɑːd/ n. 警卫；看守 30. warmth /wɔːmθ/ n. 温暖 31. foam /fəʊm/ n. 泡沫 32. tent /tent/ n. 帐篷 33. battery /ˈbætri/ n. 电池 34. case /keɪs/ n. 情况；事例 35. hotel /həʊˈtel/ n. 旅馆；旅社 36. seaside /ˈsiːsaɪd/ n. 海边；海滨 37. dollar /ˈdɒlə(r)/ n. 美元 38. Rd. /rəʊd/ n. 路（road 缩写） 39. Dr. /ˈdɒktə(r)/ n. 博士；医生（缩写） 40. exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试（缩写） 41. anyway /ˈeniweɪ/ adv. 不过；总之 42. rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地 43. towards /təˈwɔːdz/ prep. 向；朝着 44. nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ pron. 没有什么 45. whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 46. themselves /ðəmˈselvz/ pron. 他们自己 核心词汇形转 原词 词性 转换形式 释义 / 用法 例句 / 搭配 disaster n. 灾难 disastrous adj. 灾难性 disastrous flood 灾难性洪水 flood n./v. 洪水 flooded adj. 被淹没 flooded area 受淹地区 earthquake n. 地震 earthquake-prone adj. 地震多发 earthquake-prone zone 地震带 terrible adj. 可怕 terribly adv. 非常；极度 terribly scared 极度害怕 danger n. 危险 dangerous adj. 危险 dangerous storm 危险风暴 injure v. 伤害 injury n.；injured adj. 伤害；受伤 suffer injury 受伤；injured people 伤者 destroy v. 摧毁 destruction n.；destructive adj. 破坏；破坏性 environmental destruction 环境破坏 death n. 死亡 dead adj.；die v. 死亡；死去 dead trees 枯树；die out 灭绝 rapid adj. 迅速 rapidly adv. 迅速地 rise rapidly 快速上涨 survive v. 幸存 survival n.；survivor n. 幸存；幸存者 survival skills 生存技能 rise v. 上涨 rose (过去式)；risen (过去分词) 上涨；升高 the river rose 河水上涨 rescue v./n. 营救 rescuer n. 救援人员 brave rescuers 勇敢救援者 force n./v. 强迫 forceful adj. 有力 forceful wind 强风 effect n. 影响 effective adj. 有效的 effective measures 有效措施 cancel v. 取消 cancellation n. 取消 flight cancellation 航班取消 warmth n. 温暖 warm adj./v.；warmly adv. 温暖；变暖；温暖地 warm air 暖风 similar adj. 相似 similarly adv. 相似地 think similarly 想法相似 necessary adj. 必要 necessarily adv. 必要地 not necessarily 未必 electronic adj. 电子 electronics n. 电子学 electronic products 电子产品 urgent adj. 紧急 urgently adv. 紧急地 urge urgently 紧急敦促 protect v. 保护 protection n. 保护 natural protection 自然保护 词块/短语搭配 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句 1 natural disaster 自然灾害 Earthquake is a terrible natural disaster. 2 result in 导致；造成 The typhoon resulted in heavy floods. 3 lose one’s life 失去生命 Many people lost their lives in the disaster. 4 be homeless 无家可归 The storm made thousands of people homeless. 5 prepare for 为…… 做准备 We should prepare for natural disasters. 6 in case 以防；万一 Take an umbrella in case it rains heavily. 7 go off 断电；熄灭 The lights went off during the earthquake. 8 stay away from 远离 Stay away from low-lying areas in floods. 9 be careful of 当心；小心 Be careful of falling rocks in earthquakes. 10 get away 逃离；离开 We must get away from the dangerous place. 11 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 The government warned people of the typhoon. 12 urge sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做 Rescuers urged people to leave quickly. 13 rescue work 救援工作 Rescue work started right after the disaster. 14 provide food and water 提供食物水 Volunteers provided food for survivors. 15 be covered with 被…… 覆盖 The town was covered with floodwater. 重点词汇精讲 1. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/n. 灾难；灾害 例句：The earthquake was a serious natural disaster. 中文：这场地震是严重的自然灾害。 搭配：natural disaster 自然灾害；air disaster 空难 2. flood /flʌd/n./v. 洪水；泛滥 例句：Heavy rain caused a big flood in the village. 中文：大雨在村子里引发了大洪水。 搭配：flood warning 洪水预警；flooded area 灾区 3. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/n. 地震 例句：Many buildings fell down in the strong earthquake. 中文：强震中许多房屋倒塌。 搭配：big earthquake 强震；earthquake damage 震损 4. typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/n. 台风 例句：The typhoon will hit the coastal city tomorrow. 中文：台风明日将登陆沿海城市。 搭配：strong typhoon 强台风；typhoon season 台风季 5. terrible /ˈterəbl/adj. 可怕的；糟糕的 例句：The terrible storm destroyed many houses. 中文：可怕的暴风雨摧毁了许多房屋。 搭配：terrible weather 恶劣天气；terrible news 噩耗 6. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/adj. 危险的 例句：It’s dangerous to stay outside during a typhoon. 中文：台风期间待在外面很危险。 搭配：dangerous area 危险区；dangerous wind 强风 7. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/v. 伤害；使受伤 例句：Several people were injured in the earthquake. 中文：地震中数人受伤。 搭配：seriously injured 重伤；injure oneself 自伤 8. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/v. 摧毁；破坏 例句：The flood destroyed the bridge and roads. 中文：洪水冲毁了桥梁和道路。 搭配：destroy homes 摧毁家园；destroy crops 毁坏庄稼 9. death /deθ/n. 死亡 例句：The disaster caused many deaths in the town. 中文：这场灾难造成镇上多人死亡。 搭配：cause death 致死；sudden death 猝死 10. survive /səˈvaɪv/v. 幸存；存活 例句：Only a few people survived the big flood. 中文：大洪水中仅少数人幸存。 搭配：survive the disaster 幸免于难；survivor 幸存者 11. rise /raɪz/v. 上涨；升高 例句：The river rose quickly after heavy rain. 中文：大雨后河水迅速上涨。 变形：rose (过去式)；risen (过去分词) 12. rescue /ˈreskjuː/n./v. 营救；援救 例句：Rescuers saved many people from the flood. 中文：救援人员从洪水中救出多人。 搭配：rescue team 救援队；rescue people 救人 13. force /fɔːs/n./v. 力量；强迫 例句：The force of the typhoon is very strong. 中文：台风的威力非常大。 搭配：the force of wind 风力；force sb. to leave 强迫离开 14. effect /ɪˈfekt/n. 影响；作用 例句：The flood had a bad effect on local life. 中文：洪水对当地生活造成恶劣影响。 搭配：have an effect on 影响；bad effect 坏影响 15. cancel /ˈkænsl/v. 取消；终止 例句：The flight was cancelled because of the typhoon. 中文：航班因台风取消。 搭配：cancel a trip 取消行程；cancel class 停课 16. low-lying /ˌləʊˈlaɪɪŋ/adj. 低洼的 例句：Low-lying areas are easy to be flooded. 中文：低洼地区易被淹没。 搭配：low-lying land 低洼地 17. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的 例句：The rapid rise of water surprised people. 中文：水位快速上涨让人们吃惊。 搭配：rapid speed 高速；rapid change 剧变 18. urgent /ˈɜːdʒ/v. 敦促；力劝 例句：The government urged people to move to safe places. 中文：政府敦促民众转移至安全地带。 搭配：urge sb. to act 敦促行动 19. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的 例句：It’s necessary to learn disaster safety rules. 中文：学习防灾规则很有必要。 搭配：necessary steps 必要措施 20. electronic /ɪˈlekˈtrɒnɪk/adj. 电子的 例句：We use electronic devices to forecast disasters. 中文：我们用电子设备预报灾害。 搭配：electronic equipment 电子设备 21. similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/adj. 相似的 例句：The two disasters have similar effects. 中文：两场灾害影响相似。 搭配：be similar to 与…… 相似 22. coast /kəʊst/n. 海岸；海滨 例句：Many cities are on the east coast of China. 中文：许多城市位于中国东海岸。 搭配：coastal city 沿海城市 23. thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/n. 雷；雷声 例句：We heard loud thunder before the storm. 中文：暴风雨前我们听到巨响雷声。 搭配：thunderstorm 雷暴 24. tent /tent/n. 帐篷 例句：Survivors lived in tents after the disaster. 中文：灾后幸存者住在帐篷里。 搭配：put up a tent 搭帐篷 25. battery /ˈbætri/n. 电池 例句：We need batteries for flashlights during power cuts. 中文：断电时手电筒需要电池。 搭配：change batteries 换电池 26. warmth /wɔːmθ/n. 温暖 例句：Volunteers brought warmth to homeless people. 中文：志愿者为无家可归者带去温暖。 词汇巩固训练 （一）根据汉语释义，写出英文单词、音标及词性（10 题） 1. 灾难；灾害 __________ 2. 洪水；泛滥 __________ 3. 地震 __________ 4. 危险的 __________ 5. 伤害；使受伤 __________ 6. 摧毁；破坏 __________ 7. 幸存 __________ 8. 营救；援救 __________ 9. 取消 __________ 10. 必要的 __________ （二）单项选择题（词义辨析 + 固定搭配，10 题） 1. A strong ________ hit the city and destroyed many buildings. ( ) A. disaster B. typhoon C. flood D. earthquake 2. Many people were ________ in the terrible storm. ( ) A. injured B. destroyed C. killed D. saved 3. The river ________ quickly after the heavy rain last night. ( ) A. rose B. fell C. ran D. flowed 4. We should stay calm ________ a natural disaster happens. ( ) A. in case B. so that C. because D. although 5. The government ________ people to leave the low-lying areas. ( ) A. warned B. urged C. protected D. helped 6. The flight was ________ because of the heavy fog. ( ) A. prepared B. cancelled C. rescued D. covered 7. Only a few villagers ________ the big flood last year. ( ) A. survived B. destroyed C. injured D. died 8. It’s ________ for us to learn how to protect ourselves in disasters. ( ) A. dangerous B. terrible C. necessary D. similar 9. The flood had a great ________ on people’s daily life. ( ) A. effect B. force C. danger D. warmth 10. Rescuers worked hard to ________ people from the fallen houses. ( ) A. save B. rescue C. protect D. prepare （三）用所给单词的适当形式填空（词性转换专项，10 题） 1. The ________ (disaster) storm caused great damage. 2. Many ________ (injure) people were sent to hospital. 3. The ________ (destruction) of the forest is serious. 4. Only a few ________ (survive) were found after the earthquake. 5. The river ________ (rise) by 2 meters yesterday. 6. The ________ (rescue) saved 20 people from the flood. 7. It’s ________ (necessarily) to bring a flashlight. 8. The typhoon was ________ (terrible) strong this year. 9. We need ________ (electric) devices to forecast the storm. 10. The ________ (warm) from volunteers helped people a lot. （四）英汉互译（单词 + 短语 + 短句，10 题） 1. 自然灾害 __________ 2. 导致；造成 __________ 3. 失去生命 __________ 4. 为…… 做准备 __________ 5. 断电 __________ 6. stay away from __________ 7. warn sb. of sth. __________ 8. rescue work __________ 9. be covered with __________ 10. get away __________ （五）语境选词填空（从词库选词，可变形，10 题） 词库：disaster, flood, injure, destroy, survive, rescue, cancel, urge, necessary, rapid 1. A big ________ hit the village and washed away many houses. 2. Don’t run in the earthquake, or you may ________ yourself. 3. The storm ________ the small bridge last night. 4. Only five people ________ the terrible natural disaster. 5. The ________ team arrived at the scene at once. 6. They ________ the sports meeting because of the typhoon. 7. The teacher ________ us to leave the dangerous place quickly. 8. It’s ________ to know safety rules before a disaster. 9. The ________ rise of water made people worried. 10. Earthquake is a kind of serious ________. 参考答案 （一）基础默写 1. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 2. flood /flʌd/ n./v. 3. earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 4. dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 5. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ v. 6. destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 7. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 8. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n./v. 9. cancel /ˈkænsl/ v. 10. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. （二）单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.B （三 词性转换 1. disastrous 2. injured 3. destruction 4. survivors 5. rose 2. rescuers 7. necessary 8. terribly 9. electronic 10. warmth （四）英汉互译 1. natural disaster 2. result in 3. lose one’s life 4. prepare for 5. go off 2. 远离 7. 警告某人某事 8. 救援工作 9. 被…… 覆盖 10. 逃离 （五）语境选词 1. flood 2. injure 3. destroyed 4. survived 5. rescue 2. cancelled 7. urged 8. necessary 9. rapid 10. disaster 背默清单 （一）核心名词（25 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ 灾难 flood /flʌd/ 洪水 earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ 地震 typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ 台风 thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ 雷声 coast /kəʊst/ 海岸 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ 伤害 death /deθ/ 死亡 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ 营救 tent /tent/ 帐篷 battery /ˈbætri/ 电池 case /keɪs/ 情况 hotel /həʊˈtel/ 旅馆 seaside /ˈsiːsaɪd/ 海边 danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ 危险 warmth /wɔːmθ/ 温暖 foam /fəʊm/ 泡沫 guard /ɡɑːd/ 警卫 dollar /ˈdɒlə(r)/ 美元 exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ 考试 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ 栖息地 survivor /səˈvaɪvə(r)/ 幸存者 （二）核心动词（25 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 flood /flʌd/ 泛滥 injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ 伤害 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ 摧毁 survive /səˈvaɪv/ 幸存 rise /raɪz/ 上涨 rescue /ˈreskjuː/ 营救 force /fɔːs/ 强迫 cancel /ˈkænsl/ 取消 urge /ɜːdʒ/ 敦促 satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ 使满意 cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ 覆盖 protect /prəˈtekʃn/ 保护 pollute /pəˈluːt/ 污染 prepare /prɪˈpeə(r)/ 准备 warn /wɔːn/ 警告 get away /ɡet əˈweɪ/ 逃离 go off /ɡəʊ ɒf/ 断电 set out /set aʊt/ 出发 provide /prəˈvaɪd/ 提供 lose /luːz/ 失去 （三）核心形容词（20 个） 单词 音标 释义 单词 音标 释义 terrible /ˈterəbl/ 可怕 dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ 危险 low-lying /ˌləʊˈlaɪɪŋ/ 低洼 rapid /ˈræpɪd/ 迅速 injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ 受伤 similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ 相似 necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ 必要 electronic /ɪˈlekˈtrɒnɪk/ 电子 super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ 超级 soft /sɒft/ 柔软 dead /ded/ 死亡 disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ 灾难性 coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ 沿海 effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ 有效 （四）核心副词 / 短语（15 个） 单词 / 短语 音标 释义 单词 / 短语 音标 释义 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ 迅速地 terribly /ˈterəbli/ 极度 towards /təˈwɔːdz/ 朝着 anyway /ˈeniweɪ/ 总之 natural disaster — 自然灾害 result in — 导致 lose one’s life — 失去生命 be homeless — 无家可归 prepare for — 为…… 准备 in case — 以防 stay away from — 远离 rescue work — 救援工作 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $