Unit 5 Natual disasters 单元测试卷【B卷 ★ 对接新中考】 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

Unit 5 Natual disasters单元测试卷 【B卷 ◆ 对接新中考】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） （第一部分 语法和词汇） I. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案）（本大题共10题， 每题1分，共10分） Last week, there was a terrible typhoon in our city. I remember what I was doing when it suddenly 1 . I was watching TV at home. Suddenly, the wind became very strong and the rain started to fall 2 . My mother told me to stay 3 from the windows. My friend Kate was doing her homework when the typhoon came. She saw the lights go out. She was scared because it was very dark. She called her mother to ask 4 to do. My 5 friend, Jiaming, was preparing lunch in the kitchen when the typhoon started. He heard the sound of 6 rain hitting the windows. He quickly closed all the windows and doors. After the typhoon, we saw many fallen trees and broken windows. Some streets were 7 with water. But luckily, no one was hurt. The next day, we helped clean up the 8 . We picked up branches and leaves from the streets. It was hard work, 9 we felt good to help. Now I know how important it is to be 10 during a natural disaster. We should always listen to the warnings and stay safe. 1．A．happen B．happened C．was happening 2．A．heavy B．heavily C．heaviness 3．A．away B．near C．to 4．A．what B．where C．when 5．A．Other B．The other C．Another 6．A．/ B．a C．the 7．A．fill B．filled C．filling 8．A．mess B．messes C．garden 9．A．so B．but C．because 10．A．careful B．careless C．carelessly II. Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each word or phrase can be used only once .（本大题共5题，每题1分，共5分） 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每题只有一个正确选 项，每个选项只能使用一次。 finally    understand    soldiers    give up    teamwork It rained hard all week. Then last Wednesday, it became a flood. Some 11 came to help. Everyone started to stack (把……码成堆) sandbags. But the water was rising fast. More sandbags were needed. Many of us in our neighbourhood joined in, and we did 12 and kept working hard. The water kept going higher and higher, but we didn’t 13 . We stacked hundreds of sandbags. 14 , the rain stopped and the flood went down. Our neighbourhood was saved! I was tired, but I felt good, too. From this experience, I 15 the importance of working together. I believe everyone can give his or her hand and make a difference. III. Complete the following passage with the given words in their proper forms.（本大题共5小题，每题1分，共5分） 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 Survival Skills and Safety Nobody wants to face a disaster, but if it really happens, being prepared can save your life. Whether it is an earthquake or a fire, you need to know how to protect yourself. First, you should have an emergency kit. This kit should include water, food, and a first-aid box. It is also important to have 16 (electron) devices like a radio to listen to news. Keep the kit in a safe place. Remove any 17 (necessary) items to keep it light so you can carry it easily. Second, be careful with 18 (sharply) objects. During an earthquake, glass windows might break. Broken glass can cause serious cuts. If you are in a building, do not use the elevator. The 19 (cancel) of power is common during disasters, and you might get trapped. Third, learn some basic 20 (survive) skills. For example, knowing how to stop a wound from bleeding is vital. If you are at a hotel or a strange place, always check the emergency exits when you 21 (arrival). Finally, stay calm. Fear can have a bad 22 (effective) on your judgment. Listen to the 23 (instruct) from the security guard or police. Remember, thousands of people survive 24 (similarity) situations every year because they act 25 (wise). IV. Complete the following dialogue as required.（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分） 根据所给要求完成对话。 Situation: Mike 和 Jack 聊上周末台风天气，交流居家安全、物资准备、台风影响以及防灾小建议。 Mike: Jack, a strong typhoon hit our city last weekend. Did you stay safe at home? Jack: **　　　　　　　　26　　　　　　　　.（陈述句，含原因状语从句，回答台风期间一直居家避险） Mike: I also stayed at home the whole weekend. Did your family prepare food and water in advance? Jack: Yes, we bought enough food and water several days before the typhoon came. Mike: **　　　　　　　　27　　　　　　　　?（特殊疑问句，询问还做了哪些其他防护工作） Jack: We closed all doors and windows tightly and put outdoor plants inside the house. Mike: **　　　　28　　　　.（感叹句，感叹台风风力大、破坏力强） Many big trees were blown down along the street. Jack: That’s really bad. Typhoons are really dangerous natural disasters. Mike: Yeah. **　　　　29　　　　.（简单陈述句，说明台风常会伴随大雨天气） Jack: So we need to learn some simple ways to protect ourselves from natural disasters. Mike: **　　　　30　　　　.（含条件状语从句的陈述句，承诺下次台风来临会提前做好准备） （第二部分 读写） V. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（本大题共22题，共50分） A. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（每题2分，共20分） （A） 配对阅读。左栏是5位同学分享的自然灾害相关情况，右栏是7条应对灾害的实用建议。请根据左栏描述，为每位同学匹配最合适的建议。 31 Li Hua (Beijing Flash Floods) In late July last year, heavy rains caused sudden floods in Beijing. Over 40 people lost their lives, and tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes quickly. 32 Mike (Tibet Earthquake) On January 7, a strong 6.8 earthquake shook Dingri, Tibet. The cold winter made it worse: many homes broke down and people lost their lives in the sudden shaking. 33 Lina (South China Drought) From January to May 2025, Jiangsu and Guangxi got almost no rain for months. Plants on the farms died, and the ground became hard—farmers found it difficult to grow food. 34 Wang Tao (Typhoon Fenghuang) In Philippines, Nov. 2025, this powerful typhoon hit with strong winds and floods. Over 3.59 million people lost their homes because winds and floods swept away small houses and roads. 35 Emma (Washington Lower Sugar-loaf Fire) A wildfire has been burning in Washington since Sept. 25. It’s still going on, and the government called for emergency help on Sept. 26. A．Rush to open places (like playgrounds) right away. Never hide near tall buildings or walls when the ground shakes. B．When heavy snow hits, stay indoors as much as possible. Don’t walk in deep snow alone. C． When floods come, move to higher places right away. Never walk or play in fast-moving water. D．Learn disaster safety tips at school. Practice how to leave quickly with your classmates again and again. E. Save water every day. Turn off the tap when you wash your hands and use a small cup instead of letting the water run. Give plants only a little water each time to keep them alive. F. Go to safe places before the typhoon comes. Close all doors and windows well to keep strong winds out. G. Keep a small emergency bag at home or school. Put a bottle of water and some snacks in it. If a fire happens, you can take it quickly and leave the area at once. （B） ① Have you ever seen a huge wave in the sea? Usually, waves are caused by wind, but sometimes, they come from a terrible natural disaster — tsunamis (海啸). A tsunami is a series of large waves caused by movements under the sea. It can be very dangerous. ② What causes a tsunami? The most common cause is an underwater earthquake. When the sea floor suddenly moves up or down, it displaces a large amount of water. This water moves outward in all directions, forming big waves. Other causes include underwater volcanoes erupting (火山爆发) or huge landslides falling into the ocean. ③ How is it different from normal waves? Normal wind-driven waves only affect the surface of the water. They are short and fast. However, in the deep ocean, a tsunami has a very long wavelength. It looks like a normal wave at first, but it is actually very powerful. Ships in the deep ocean may not feel a tsunami passing by. ④ The danger near the shore (海岸) When a tsunami gets close to the coast, the water becomes shallow. The wave slows down, but its height rises quickly. The water can rise up to 30 meters high. Remember, the first wave is not always the biggest one. Tsunamis can bring a lot of destruction to towns and villages. ⑤ How to stay safe? To reduce the damage, scientists use special machines to detect tsunamis early. If you are near the beach and feel an earthquake or see the seawater recede (退去) suddenly, run to the nearest hill as fast as you can. 36．What is the passage mainly about? A．A kind of natural disaster — tsunami. B．Ways to stop earthquakes. C．How to keep away from winds. D．Different kinds of ocean waves. 37．Normal waves are caused by ________. A．landslides B．earthquakes C．volcanoes D．wind 38．Why can’t ships in deep ocean feel a tsunami? A．Because the tsunami is too small. B．Because the tsunami is long and low there. C．Because ships are moving very fast. D．Because the water is very warm. 39．What does the writer advise us to do when we meet a tsunami? A．Stand near the sea and watch. B．Take photos of the waves. C．Run to higher ground quickly. D．Go swimming in the sea. 40．Which diagram best shows the structure of the passage? A．①②-③④-⑤ B．①-②③④-⑤ C．①②③④-⑤ D．①-②③④⑤ B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（每题2分，共12分） Los Angeles, a beautiful city between mountains and the ocean, has always faced risks from natural disasters like wildfires. Recently, climate change has made these fires even worse. Scientists explain that extreme weather patterns—such as heavy rains followed by long droughts (干旱)—create 41 conditions for fires. The rains help plants grow wildly, and the droughts turn them into dry fuel. Strong Santa Ana winds then 42 the fire to spread rapidly. Human activities also increase the danger. Many old houses are built with wood, a material that catches fire easily. Although environmental laws aim to protect nature, people are sometimes unwilling to remove the dry plants near their homes. Worse still, people continue building houses in risky foothill areas surrounded by bushes that are burnt 43 . By January 16th, the wildfires had killed 25 people and destroyed over 12,000 buildings. The damage cost over $50 billion, making it the most expensive wildfire disaster in U.S. history. Thick smoke filled the air, forcing schools to close and leaving many locals 44 with difficulty. The fires also harmed wildlife and turned green forests into black wastelands. Rescue teams worked day and night, but the fire remained uncontrollable for weeks. Experts say we need some preparation to prevent future disasters. 45 , building fireproof (防火的) houses using materials like metal or concrete (混凝土) is essential. Governments should support people to avoid building in high-risk zones and update city plans to create firebreaks. Clearing dry plants regularly and replanting fireproof trees can also help. Most importantly, this disaster teaches us that humans must learn to live in harmony (和谐) with 46 instead of refusing to pay attention to its power. Though Los Angeles will always be a popular place to live, its story warns the world: getting used to climate change is not just important—it is necessary for survival. 41．A．common B．direct C．perfect D．possible 42．A．reduce B．encourage C．hide D．fight 43．A．easily B．slowly C．exactly D．thoroughly 44．A．sleeping B．learning C．coughing D．breathing 45．A．At first B．For example C．As a result D．In fact 46．A．nature B．technology C．customs D．society C. Read the passage and answer the following questions.（前五小题每题2分，最后小题8分；共18分） 阅读短文，回答问题。 An earthquake is dangerous. But this doesn’t mean you can’t do anything about it. Your choices can help save your life. _______________________. The first several seconds are important. If you are inside during an earthquake, hide under a table or desk. Protect your head. Keep away from windows and things that could fall on you. If you are outside, move away from buildings and street lights. They could fall and hurt you. If you are in a crowded room away from the door, don’t rush to the exit. You will find too many people trying to get out at the same time. Instead, hide under a desk or table. Don’t use an elevator. You may get trapped. Stay in a safe place until you are sure it’s OK to leave, Some aftershocks (余震) may follow an earthquake. These are as dangerous as the earthquake. If you are in debris (废墟), try to free your hands and legs. Shouting will use up your energy. Try to find some water and food. They are important for you if you aren’t rescued in a short time. Wait for help. Mary, a middle school student, once experienced an earthquake. Finally, she successfully escaped from the 3rd floor of a tall building. In an interview, she told the journalist about her way of escape. _______________________ Task 1: Answer the questions；Task 2: Finish the interview in about 30 words. 47．Can you move into a building when an earthquake happens? 48．Which is dangerous, the earthquake or aftershocks? 49．What should you do first if you are in debris? 50．Which sentence(s) can fill in the blank in the second paragraph? 51．What is the way you have learnt to keep yourself safe from an earthquake? 52．Finish the interview in about 30 words. VI Writing（写作）（本大题共2大题，共20分） A. Translation (第一题1分；第二、三题各2分，共5分) 53．我们会学习其他小组的作品，了解更多不同的防灾知识。(prevention) ________________________________________________________ 54．我们会查找相关新闻案例，整理灾害发生前、中、后的避险方法。(disaster) ________________________________________________________ 55．地震是地球表面的突然震动，及时的预警能帮助减少伤亡和财产损失。( reduce) ________________________________________________________ B．Please write a short passage of at least 60 words (请写一篇不少于60词的短文) （共15分） 56．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter想了解你对自然灾害（如暴风雨、洪水）的认识和一次相关经历。请你根据提示，给他写一封60词左右的邮件，介绍你过去和现在对自然灾害的看法、相关经历及感悟。 提示词：storm, flood, prepare, calm, rescue, protect, meaningful 要求：1.书信格式正确；2.条理清晰，语句通顺；3.包含提示词，可适当发挥；4.语法正确，无拼写错误。 Dear Peter, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natual disasters单元测试卷 【B卷 ◆ 对接新中考】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） （第一部分 语法和词汇） I. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案，每题只有一个正确答案）（本大题共10题， 每题1分，共10分） Last week, there was a terrible typhoon in our city. I remember what I was doing when it suddenly 1 . I was watching TV at home. Suddenly, the wind became very strong and the rain started to fall 2 . My mother told me to stay 3 from the windows. My friend Kate was doing her homework when the typhoon came. She saw the lights go out. She was scared because it was very dark. She called her mother to ask 4 to do. My 5 friend, Jiaming, was preparing lunch in the kitchen when the typhoon started. He heard the sound of 6 rain hitting the windows. He quickly closed all the windows and doors. After the typhoon, we saw many fallen trees and broken windows. Some streets were 7 with water. But luckily, no one was hurt. The next day, we helped clean up the 8 . We picked up branches and leaves from the streets. It was hard work, 9 we felt good to help. Now I know how important it is to be 10 during a natural disaster. We should always listen to the warnings and stay safe. 1．A．happen B．happened C．was happening 2．A．heavy B．heavily C．heaviness 3．A．away B．near C．to 4．A．what B．where C．when 5．A．Other B．The other C．Another 6．A．/ B．a C．the 7．A．fill B．filled C．filling 8．A．mess B．messes C．garden 9．A．so B．but C．because 10．A．careful B．careless C．carelessly 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了作者回忆台风来临时，自己和朋友Kate、Jiaming的经历，以及台风过后大家清理街道的故事，传递了自然灾害中要听从预警、注意安全的重要性。 1．句意：我记得台风突然发生时我正在做什么。 根据 “when I was doing” 可知，when引导的时间状语从句描述过去发生的短暂动作，且句中 “suddenly” 强调动作的突发性，需用一般过去时，应填happened。 2．句意：突然，风变得很大，雨开始下得很大。 根据 “the rain started to fall” 可知，此处需用副词修饰动词fall，应填heavily。heavy为形容词，heaviness为名词，均无法修饰动词。 3．句意：我妈妈告诉我要远离窗户。 固定搭配stay away from表示 “远离”，应填away。near和to无法构成符合语境的搭配。 4．句意：她打电话给妈妈问该做什么。 此处表达 “做什么”，需用疑问词what，应填what。where询问地点，when询问时间，均不符合语境。 5．句意：另一个朋友Jiaming在台风开始时正在厨房准备午餐。 根据上下文，此处表示三者及以上中的 “另一个”，应填Another。other后需接复数名词，不符合语境。 6．句意：他听到雨打在窗户上的声音。 根据 “rain hitting the windows” 可知，此处特指台风中的雨，需用定冠词the，应填the。 7．句意：一些街道被水淹没了。 固定搭配be filled with表示 “充满”，需用fill的过去分词，应填filled。fill为动词原形，filling为现在分词，均无法构成被动语态。 8．句意：第二天，我们帮忙清理了烂摊子。 固定搭配clean up the mess表示 “清理残局”，应填mess。messes为复数形式，garden不符合语境。 9．句意：这是辛苦的工作，但帮助别人让我们感觉很好。 根据前后句逻辑，“工作辛苦” 和 “感觉良好” 为转折关系，应填but。 10．句意：现在我知道在自然灾害中小心是多么重要。 根据 “listen to the warnings and stay safe” 可知，此处表达 “小心的”，需用形容词作表语，应填careful。careless语义相反，carelessly为副词，均不符合语境。 II. Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each word or phrase can be used only once .（本大题共5题，每题1分，共5分） 选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每题只有一个正确选 项，每个选项只能使用一次。 finally    understand    soldiers    give up    teamwork It rained hard all week. Then last Wednesday, it became a flood. Some 11 came to help. Everyone started to stack (把……码成堆) sandbags. But the water was rising fast. More sandbags were needed. Many of us in our neighbourhood joined in, and we did 12 and kept working hard. The water kept going higher and higher, but we didn’t 13 . We stacked hundreds of sandbags. 14 , the rain stopped and the flood went down. Our neighbourhood was saved! I was tired, but I felt good, too. From this experience, I 15 the importance of working together. I believe everyone can give his or her hand and make a difference. 【答案】11．soldiers 12．teamwork 13．give up 14．Finally 15．understand 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们相互协作抵抗暴雨的经历。 11．句意：一些军人来帮忙。根据“some”和“came to help”可知，横线处需要填“soldiers”。因为其为可数名词，故填soldiers。 12．句意：我们社区里的许多人参与进来，我们齐心协力，持续努力工作。根据“Many of us in our neighbourhood joined in”可知，人们在团队协作。故填teamwork。 13．句意：水一直涨得越来越高，但我们却不放弃。根据后文“We stacked hundreds of sandbags.”可知，我们没有放弃工作。句中助动词已经提前，后面使用动词原形即可，故填give up。 14．句意：最后，雨停了洪水也退了。结合前文雨一直在下和后面的“the rain stopped and the flood went down.”可知，最后雨停下了。句子缺少副词，且所填单词位于句首，需要首字母大写，故填Finally。 15．句意：从这次经历中，我深刻体会到了合作的重要性。“the importance of working together”前面用表示体会含义的动词符合句意。这里的体会可以是事件发生当时的体会，这种情况下动词用一般过去时，也可以是现今的体会，动词用一般现在时，故填understand。 III. Complete the following passage with the given words in their proper forms.（本大题共5小题，每题1分，共5分） 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 Survival Skills and Safety Nobody wants to face a disaster, but if it really happens, being prepared can save your life. Whether it is an earthquake or a fire, you need to know how to protect yourself. First, you should have an emergency kit. This kit should include water, food, and a first-aid box. It is also important to have 16 (electron) devices like a radio to listen to news. Keep the kit in a safe place. Remove any 17 (necessary) items to keep it light so you can carry it easily. Second, be careful with 18 (sharply) objects. During an earthquake, glass windows might break. Broken glass can cause serious cuts. If you are in a building, do not use the elevator. The 19 (cancel) of power is common during disasters, and you might get trapped. Third, learn some basic 20 (survive) skills. For example, knowing how to stop a wound from bleeding is vital. If you are at a hotel or a strange place, always check the emergency exits when you 21 (arrival). Finally, stay calm. Fear can have a bad 22 (effective) on your judgment. Listen to the 23 (instruct) from the security guard or police. Remember, thousands of people survive 24 (similarity) situations every year because they act 25 (wise). 【答案】 16．electronic 17．unnecessary 18．sharp 19．cancellation 20．survival 21．arrive 22．effect 23．instructions 24．similar 25．wisely 【导语】本文介绍了面对灾难时的一些生存技能和安全注意事项，包括准备应急包、小心尖锐物品、学习基本生存技能以及保持冷静等。 16．句意：拥有像收音机这样的电子设备来收听新闻也很重要。空后是名词devices，需用形容词作定语修饰，electron的形容词形式为electronic，表示“电子的”。故填electronic。 17．句意：移除任何不必要的物品以保持它的轻便，这样你就能轻松携带。根据语境“keep it light”可知，需移除“不必要的”物品，necessary的反义词为unnecessary，表示“不必要的”。故填unnecessary。 18．句意：第二，小心尖锐物品。空后是名词objects，需用形容词作定语修饰，sharply的形容词形式为sharp，表示“尖锐的”。故填sharp。 19．句意：灾难期间停电是很常见的，你可能会被困住。定冠词The后需接名词，cancel的名词形式为cancellation，表示“取消、终止”。故填cancellation。 20．句意：第三，学习一些基本的生存技能。空后是名词skills，需用名词作定语构成固定搭配，survive的名词形式为survival，survival skills表示“生存技能”。故填survival。 21．句意：如果你在酒店或陌生的地方，到达时一定要检查紧急出口。when引导时间状语从句，主语为you，从句谓语动词需用原形，arrival的动词形式为arrive，表示“到达”。故填arrive。 22．句意：恐惧会对你的判断产生不良影响。固定搭配have a bad effect on表示“对……有不良影响”，effective的名词形式为effect，表示“影响”。故填effect。 23．句意：听从保安或警察的指示。形容词the后需接名词，instruct的名词形式为instruction，且此处指多条指示，需用复数形式instructions。故填instructions。 24．句意：记住，每年都有成千上万的人因为行动明智，在类似的情况下幸存下来。空后是名词situations，需用形容词作定语修饰，similarity的形容词形式为similar，表示“类似的”。故填similar。 25．句意：记住，每年都有成千上万的人因为行动明智，在类似的情况下幸存下来。此处修饰动词act，需用副词作状语，wise的副词形式为wisely，表示“明智地”。故填wisely。 IV. Complete the following dialogue as required.（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分） 根据所给要求完成对话。 Situation: Mike 和 Jack 聊上周末台风天气，交流居家安全、物资准备、台风影响以及防灾小建议。 Mike: Jack, a strong typhoon hit our city last weekend. Did you stay safe at home? Jack: **　　　　　　　　26　　　　　　　　.（陈述句，含原因状语从句，回答台风期间一直居家避险） Mike: I also stayed at home the whole weekend. Did your family prepare food and water in advance? Jack: Yes, we bought enough food and water several days before the typhoon came. Mike: **　　　　　　　　27　　　　　　　　?（特殊疑问句，询问还做了哪些其他防护工作） Jack: We closed all doors and windows tightly and put outdoor plants inside the house. Mike: **　　　　28　　　　.（感叹句，感叹台风风力大、破坏力强） Many big trees were blown down along the street. Jack: That’s really bad. Typhoons are really dangerous natural disasters. Mike: Yeah. **　　　　29　　　　.（简单陈述句，说明台风常会伴随大雨天气） Jack: So we need to learn some simple ways to protect ourselves from natural disasters. Mike: **　　　　30　　　　.（含条件状语从句的陈述句，承诺下次台风来临会提前做好准备） 【答案 & 解析】 【导语】本文是 Mike 与 Jack 围绕自然灾害 —— 台风展开的初中难度情景对话。两人依次交流台风居家避险、物资储备、额外防护措施、台风天气特点及今后防灾打算。 26. I stayed at home all the time because the wind and rain were too heavy outside. 【解析】考查含原因状语从句的陈述句。主句说明全程居家，用 because 引导从句解释原因：室外风雨太大，句式基础、词汇简单，符合初中要求。 27. What else did you do to get ready for the typhoon? 【解析】考查特殊疑问句。用 What else 引导，询问对方还做了哪些台风防护准备，承接下文关好门窗、搬绿植进屋的答语，考点独特，满足设置特殊疑问句的要求。 28. How strong and terrible the typhoon was! 【解析】考查感叹句。用 How 引导基础感叹句，感慨台风猛烈可怕，贴合后文树木被吹倒的语境，是初中核心句式。 29. And it usually brings heavy rain as well. 【解析】考查基础简单陈述句。降低难度，不用复杂灾害词汇，仅简单表述台风还会带来大雨，浅显易懂，符合初中生认知和词汇量。 30. I will make full preparations early if a typhoon comes again. 【解析】考查含条件状语从句的陈述句。if 引导条件从句，表达下次再有台风会提前做好准备，句型简单规范，收尾自然。 （第二部分 读写） V. Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（本大题共22题，共50分） A. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（每题2分，共20分） （A） 配对阅读。左栏是5位同学分享的自然灾害相关情况，右栏是7条应对灾害的实用建议。请根据左栏描述，为每位同学匹配最合适的建议。 31 Li Hua (Beijing Flash Floods) In late July last year, heavy rains caused sudden floods in Beijing. Over 40 people lost their lives, and tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes quickly. 32 Mike (Tibet Earthquake) On January 7, a strong 6.8 earthquake shook Dingri, Tibet. The cold winter made it worse: many homes broke down and people lost their lives in the sudden shaking. 33 Lina (South China Drought) From January to May 2025, Jiangsu and Guangxi got almost no rain for months. Plants on the farms died, and the ground became hard—farmers found it difficult to grow food. 34 Wang Tao (Typhoon Fenghuang) In Philippines, Nov. 2025, this powerful typhoon hit with strong winds and floods. Over 3.59 million people lost their homes because winds and floods swept away small houses and roads. 35 Emma (Washington Lower Sugar-loaf Fire) A wildfire has been burning in Washington since Sept. 25. It’s still going on, and the government called for emergency help on Sept. 26. A．Rush to open places (like playgrounds) right away. Never hide near tall buildings or walls when the ground shakes. B．When heavy snow hits, stay indoors as much as possible. Don’t walk in deep snow alone. C． When floods come, move to higher places right away. Never walk or play in fast-moving water. D．Learn disaster safety tips at school. Practice how to leave quickly with your classmates again and again. E. Save water every day. Turn off the tap when you wash your hands and use a small cup instead of letting the water run. Give plants only a little water each time to keep them alive. F. Go to safe places before the typhoon comes. Close all doors and windows well to keep strong winds out. G. Keep a small emergency bag at home or school. Put a bottle of water and some snacks in it. If a fire happens, you can take it quickly and leave the area at once. 【答案】31．C 32．A 33．E 34．F 35．G 【导语】本文介绍5位同学分享的自然灾害情况，为每位同学匹配了对应的灾害避险措施。 31．根据Li Hua“In late July last year, heavy rains caused sudden floods in Beijing. Over 40 people lost their lives, and tens of thousands of people had to leave their homes quickly.”可知，去年七月下旬，大雨引发了北京的突发洪灾。超过40人丧失了他们的生命，数以万计的人不得不迅速离开他们的家。选项C“当洪水来临时，要立即转移到地势较高的地方。切勿在湍急的水流中行走或玩耍。”与之匹配。 32．根据Mike“On January 7, a strong 6.8 earthquake shook Dingri, Tibet. The cold winter made it worse: many homes broke down and people lost their lives in the sudden shaking.”可知，1月7日，一场6.8 级的强烈地震袭击了西藏的定日地区。寒冷的冬季使得情况更加糟糕：许多房屋倒塌，人们在突如其来的震动中丧失了他们的生命。选项A“立即前往开阔地带(比如操场)。当地面发生震动时，不要躲在高楼或墙壁附近。”与之匹配。 33．根据Lina“From January to May 2025, Jiangsu and Guangxi got almost no rain for months. Plants on the farms died, and the ground became hard—farmers found it difficult to grow food.”可知，2025年1月至5月期间，江苏和广西连续几个月未降雨。农田里的作物死了，土地变得坚硬——农民们发现很难种植粮食。选项E“每天都要节约用水。洗手时要关掉水龙头，使用小杯子而不要让水一直流着。每次给植物浇水时只浇少量，以保持它们活着。”与之匹配。 34．根据Wang Tao“In Philippines, Nov. 2025, this powerful typhoon hit with strong winds and floods. Over 3.59 million people lost their homes because winds and floods swept away small houses and roads.”可知，在菲律宾，2025年11月，这场威力巨大的台风带来了强风和洪水。超过 359 万人失去了他们的家园，因为狂风和洪水冲毁了小的房屋和道路。选项F“在台风来临之前，要前往安全的地方。关好所有门窗，把强风挡在外面。”与之匹配。 35．根据Emma“A wildfire has been burning in Washington since Sept. 25. It’s still going on, and the government called for emergency help on Sept. 26.”可知，自9月25日以来，华盛顿地区一直有野火在燃烧。目前火势仍在继续，政府于9月26日呼吁紧急救援。选项G“在家里或学校准备一个小应急包。在里面放一瓶水和一些零食。如果发生火灾，你可以迅速取出应急包并立即离开现场。”与之匹配。 （B） ① Have you ever seen a huge wave in the sea? Usually, waves are caused by wind, but sometimes, they come from a terrible natural disaster — tsunamis (海啸). A tsunami is a series of large waves caused by movements under the sea. It can be very dangerous. ② What causes a tsunami? The most common cause is an underwater earthquake. When the sea floor suddenly moves up or down, it displaces a large amount of water. This water moves outward in all directions, forming big waves. Other causes include underwater volcanoes erupting (火山爆发) or huge landslides falling into the ocean. ③ How is it different from normal waves? Normal wind-driven waves only affect the surface of the water. They are short and fast. However, in the deep ocean, a tsunami has a very long wavelength. It looks like a normal wave at first, but it is actually very powerful. Ships in the deep ocean may not feel a tsunami passing by. ④ The danger near the shore (海岸) When a tsunami gets close to the coast, the water becomes shallow. The wave slows down, but its height rises quickly. The water can rise up to 30 meters high. Remember, the first wave is not always the biggest one. Tsunamis can bring a lot of destruction to towns and villages. ⑤ How to stay safe? To reduce the damage, scientists use special machines to detect tsunamis early. If you are near the beach and feel an earthquake or see the seawater recede (退去) suddenly, run to the nearest hill as fast as you can. 36．What is the passage mainly about? A．A kind of natural disaster — tsunami. B．Ways to stop earthquakes. C．How to keep away from winds. D．Different kinds of ocean waves. 37．Normal waves are caused by ________. A．landslides B．earthquakes C．volcanoes D．wind 38．Why can’t ships in deep ocean feel a tsunami? A．Because the tsunami is too small. B．Because the tsunami is long and low there. C．Because ships are moving very fast. D．Because the water is very warm. 39．What does the writer advise us to do when we meet a tsunami? A．Stand near the sea and watch. B．Take photos of the waves. C．Run to higher ground quickly. D．Go swimming in the sea. 40．Which diagram best shows the structure of the passage? A．①②-③④-⑤ B．①-②③④-⑤ C．①②③④-⑤ D．①-②③④⑤ 【答案】36．A 37．D 38．B 39．C 40．B 【导语】本文介绍了海啸的成因、特点、危害及避险方法，让读者了解这一自然灾害并学会如何安全应对。 36．全文围绕海啸这种自然灾害展开，分别介绍了它的定义、成因、特点、危害和逃生方法，主旨就是介绍海啸这种自然灾害。 37．原文第一段明确提到“Usually, waves are caused by wind”，可知普通海浪的成因是风。 38．原文第三段提到“in the deep ocean, a tsunami has a very long wavelength. It looks like a normal wave at first, but it is actually very powerful. Ships in the deep ocean may not feel a tsunami passing by.”，海啸在深海波长很长、浪高很低，因此深海里的船很难察觉到海啸经过。 39．原文最后一段提到“If you are near the beach and feel an earthquake or see the seawater recede (退去) suddenly, run to the nearest hill as fast as you can.”，如果在海边遇到海啸征兆，要尽快跑到最近的高地。 40．通读全文内容，第一段引出海啸话题，第二三四段分别介绍海啸的成因、与普通海浪的区别、海岸边的危险，第五段介绍如何避险，因此结构是 ①-②③④-⑤。 B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（每题2分，共12分） Los Angeles, a beautiful city between mountains and the ocean, has always faced risks from natural disasters like wildfires. Recently, climate change has made these fires even worse. Scientists explain that extreme weather patterns—such as heavy rains followed by long droughts (干旱)—create 41 conditions for fires. The rains help plants grow wildly, and the droughts turn them into dry fuel. Strong Santa Ana winds then 42 the fire to spread rapidly. Human activities also increase the danger. Many old houses are built with wood, a material that catches fire easily. Although environmental laws aim to protect nature, people are sometimes unwilling to remove the dry plants near their homes. Worse still, people continue building houses in risky foothill areas surrounded by bushes that are burnt 43 . By January 16th, the wildfires had killed 25 people and destroyed over 12,000 buildings. The damage cost over $50 billion, making it the most expensive wildfire disaster in U.S. history. Thick smoke filled the air, forcing schools to close and leaving many locals 44 with difficulty. The fires also harmed wildlife and turned green forests into black wastelands. Rescue teams worked day and night, but the fire remained uncontrollable for weeks. Experts say we need some preparation to prevent future disasters. 45 , building fireproof (防火的) houses using materials like metal or concrete (混凝土) is essential. Governments should support people to avoid building in high-risk zones and update city plans to create firebreaks. Clearing dry plants regularly and replanting fireproof trees can also help. Most importantly, this disaster teaches us that humans must learn to live in harmony (和谐) with 46 instead of refusing to pay attention to its power. Though Los Angeles will always be a popular place to live, its story warns the world: getting used to climate change is not just important—it is necessary for survival. 41．A．common B．direct C．perfect D．possible 42．A．reduce B．encourage C．hide D．fight 43．A．easily B．slowly C．exactly D．thoroughly 44．A．sleeping B．learning C．coughing D．breathing 45．A．At first B．For example C．As a result D．In fact 46．A．nature B．technology C．customs D．society 【答案】41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了洛杉矶面临野火等自然灾害风险，分析气候变化、人类活动对野火加剧的影响，介绍野火造成的破坏，以及专家提出的防灾准备建议，强调人类需与自然和谐共处。 41．句意：科学家们解释，极端的天气模式——比如暴雨之后的长期干旱——为火灾创造了完美的条件。 common常见的；direct直接的；perfect完美的；possible可能的。根据“The rains help plants grow wildly, and the droughts turn them into dry fuel.”可知，大雨使植物疯狂生长，干旱又将其变为干燥的燃料，这种极端天气组合为火灾创造了完美的条件。故选C。 42．句意：强劲的圣安娜风随后促使火势迅速蔓延。 reduce减少；encourage促使；hide隐藏；fight战斗。根据“spread rapidly”可知，此处应指强风促使火势快速蔓延。故选B。 43．句意：更糟糕的是，人们继续在危险的山麓地区建造房屋，周围是容易被烧毁的灌木丛。 easily容易地；slowly缓慢地；exactly确切地；thoroughly彻底地。根据“bushes that are burnt ...”和常识可知，灌木丛是易燃物，所以很容易被烧毁。故选A。 44．句意：空气中弥漫着浓烟，学校被迫关闭，许多当地人呼吸困难。 sleeping睡觉；learning学习；coughing咳嗽；breathing呼吸。根据“Thick smoke filled the air”和常识可知，浓烟弥漫在空气中，会影响人们呼吸，此处应指浓烟让许多当地人呼吸困难。故选D。 45．句意：例如，使用金属或混凝土等材料建造防火房屋是必不可少的。 At first起初；For example例如；As a result结果；In fact事实上。根据“we need some preparation to prevent future disasters”和“building fireproof (防火的) houses using materials like metal or concrete (混凝土) is essential”可知，前文说需要防灾准备，此处是举例说明，用For example最符合语境。故选B。 46．句意：最重要的是，这场灾难告诉我们，人类必须学会与自然和谐相处，而不是拒绝关注自然的力量。 nature自然；technology科技；customs习俗；society社会。根据“this disaster teaches us ...”可知，这场灾难指的是洛杉矶野火，野火属于自然灾害，此处应强调人类要学会与自然和谐相处。故选A。 C. Read the passage and answer the following questions.（前五小题每题2分，最后小题8分；共18分） 阅读短文，回答问题。 An earthquake is dangerous. But this doesn’t mean you can’t do anything about it. Your choices can help save your life. _______________________. The first several seconds are important. If you are inside during an earthquake, hide under a table or desk. Protect your head. Keep away from windows and things that could fall on you. If you are outside, move away from buildings and street lights. They could fall and hurt you. If you are in a crowded room away from the door, don’t rush to the exit. You will find too many people trying to get out at the same time. Instead, hide under a desk or table. Don’t use an elevator. You may get trapped. Stay in a safe place until you are sure it’s OK to leave, Some aftershocks (余震) may follow an earthquake. These are as dangerous as the earthquake. If you are in debris (废墟), try to free your hands and legs. Shouting will use up your energy. Try to find some water and food. They are important for you if you aren’t rescued in a short time. Wait for help. Mary, a middle school student, once experienced an earthquake. Finally, she successfully escaped from the 3rd floor of a tall building. In an interview, she told the journalist about her way of escape. _______________________ Task 1: Answer the questions；Task 2: Finish the interview in about 30 words. 47．Can you move into a building when an earthquake happens? 48．Which is dangerous, the earthquake or aftershocks? 49．What should you do first if you are in debris? 50．Which sentence(s) can fill in the blank in the second paragraph? 51．What is the way you have learnt to keep yourself safe from an earthquake? 52．Finish the interview in about 30 words. 【答案】47．No, you can’t. 48．The aftershocks are as dangerous as the earthquake. 49．Try to free your hands and legs. 50．When an earthquake happens, you must act quickly. 51．If I am inside, I will hide under a table or desk and protect my head./ If I am outside, I will move away from buildings and street lights. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 52．When the earthquake happened, I quickly hid under the desk. After the shaking stopped, I ran downstairs along the stairs. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要讲述了地震是危险的，但人们可以采取一些措施来保护自己的生命安全，介绍了在不同场景下应对地震的方法，并提及了余震的危险性。 47．根据“If you are outside, move away from buildings and street lights. They could fall and hurt you.”可知，当地震发生时不能进入建筑物。故填No, you can’t. 48．根据“Stay in a safe place until you are sure it’s OK to leave, Some aftershocks (余震) may follow an earthquake. These are as dangerous as the earthquake.”可知，地震后可能会有余震。这些余震和地震一样危险。故填The aftershocks are as dangerous as the earthquake. 49．根据“If you are in debris (废墟), try to free your hands and legs.”可知，如果在废墟中首先应该尽量挣脱手和腿。故填Try to free your hands and legs. 50．根据“The first several seconds are important.”以及后文介绍地震发生时不同场景下的应对措施，可推知此处应填“当地震发生时，你必须迅速行动”与之衔接。故填When an earthquake happens, you must act quickly. 51．开放性题目，言之有理即可。参考答案：If I am inside, I will hide under a table or desk and protect my head./ If I am outside, I will move away from buildings and street lights. 52．开放性题目，言之有理即可。参考答案：When the earthquake happened, I quickly hid under the desk. After the shaking stopped, I ran downstairs along the stairs. VI Writing（写作）（本大题共2大题，共20分） A. Translation (第一题1分；第二、三题各2分，共5分) 53．我们会学习其他小组的作品，了解更多不同的防灾知识。(prevention) ______________________________________________ 【答案】We will learn from other groups’ works and know more knowledge about different disaster prevention. 【详解】“我们会学习其他小组的作品，了解更多不同的防灾知识。” 译为We will learn from other groups’ works and know more knowledge about different disaster prevention. “我们”用We表达；“会”用will表达；“学习……作品”用learn from...works表达；“其他小组的”用other groups’表达；“了解”用know表达；“更多”用more表达；“知识”用knowledge表达；“关于”用about表达；“不同的”用different表达；“防灾知识”用disaster prevention表达，and连接两并列动作。 54．我们会查找相关新闻案例，整理灾害发生前、中、后的避险方法。(disaster) _____________________________________________ 【答案】We will find related news reports and organize safety rules before, during and after the disaster. 【详解】“我们会查找相关新闻案例，整理灾害发生前、中、后的避险方法。” 译为We will find related news reports and organize safety rules before, during and after the disaster. “我们”用We表达；“会”用will表达；“查找”用find表达；“相关”用related表达；“新闻案例”用news reports表达；“整理”用organize表达；“避险方法”这里处理为“安全规则”用safety rules表达；“灾害发生前、中、后”用before, during and after the disaster表达，and连接两并列动作。 55．地震是地球表面的突然震动，及时的预警能帮助减少伤亡和财产损失。( reduce) ________________________________________ 【答案】An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface, and early warnings can help reduce harm and loss of life and property. 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，本句时态为一般现在时态。“地震”的英文为“An earthquake”，作主语；“是地球表面的突然震动”翻译为“is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface”，作谓语和表语；“及时的预警”翻译为“early warnings”，作后半句的主语；“能帮助减少伤亡和财产损失”翻译为“can help reduce harm and loss of life and property”，作后半句的谓语和宾语。故填An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface, and early warnings can help reduce harm and loss of life and property. B．Please write a short passage of at least 60 words (请写一篇不少于60词的短文) （共15分） 56．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter想了解你对自然灾害（如暴风雨、洪水）的认识和一次相关经历。请你根据提示，给他写一封60词左右的邮件，介绍你过去和现在对自然灾害的看法、相关经历及感悟。 提示词：storm, flood, prepare, calm, rescue, protect, meaningful 要求：1.书信格式正确；2.条理清晰，语句通顺；3.包含提示词，可适当发挥；4.语法正确，无拼写错误。 Dear Peter, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Peter, I’m glad to tell you about my understanding of natural disasters and my experience. I used to be afraid of storms and floods and didn’t know how to protect myself. Last summer, a small storm hit my town. With my uncle’s guidance, I stayed calm and prepared enough supplies. The rescue team helped people in need, which made me realize it’s meaningful to learn to protect ourselves. Now I know we should prepare well for natural disasters. I hope you can also learn some safety knowledge. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 【第一步：审题立意】 确定文体：应用文（电子邮件），以一般过去时和一般现在时为主 明确要点：对自然灾害的认识变化（过去害怕→现在知道做准备）、亲身经历（小风暴中的应对）、感悟与建议 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名及学校名称（已遵守） 【第二步：构思布局】 三段式结构： 开头段：总起，说明写信目的是分享对自然灾害的理解和经历 主体段：分三层——过去的态度（害怕、不知保护自己）→具体经历（小风暴中保持冷静、准备物资、救援队帮助）→现在的认识（应做好准备） 结尾段：表达希望（希望对方也学习安全知识） 【第三步：要点展开】 要点一：过去的态度 恐惧对象：storms and floods 能力状况：didn’t know how to protect myself/had no idea about protecting myself 要点二：具体经历 时间背景：Last summer, a small storm hit my town./There was a small storm in my town last summer. 应对行为：stayed calm, prepared enough supplies (with uncle’s guidance)/kept calm, prepared enough supplies with the help of my uncle 关键触动：rescue team helped people in need/thanks to the rescue team, everyone was safe 认识转变：realized it’s meaningful to learn to protect ourselves/was aware of the importance of protecting ourselves 要点三：现在的认识与期望 当前认知：we should prepare well for natural disasters/we should be ready for natural disasters in the future 对他人的期望：hope you can also learn some safety knowledge/hope you can learn something useful too 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $