Unit 8 Making a difference语法讲练2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦“Unit 8 Making a difference”单元语法，涵盖现在完成时中since/for用法区别、延续性与非延续性动词转换、have been to/have gone to/have been in特殊句型三大核心语法点，搭建从基础用法解析到动词转换规则再到句型综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“用法对比表”“动词转换对照表”“分层练习”系统呈现知识体系，如将since接时间点与for接时间段分类例析，延续性动词转换配典型例句，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计判断填空、选择、句型填空等多样化练习，附参考答案，助力不同水平学生自主巩固，教师可直接用于语法讲练，提升教学效率。

Unit 8 Making a difference 语法讲练 一、since 和 for 的用法区别 在现在完成时中，我们常用 since 和 for 来表示动作或状态持续的时间。 1. for + 时间段 （for 后面接一段时间，表示动作或状态持续了多久。） 例句： - One of my friends has volunteered here for a long time.我的一个朋友在这里做志愿者很长时间了。 - I have been a volunteer here for a few months. 我在这里做志愿者几个月了。 2. since + 过去时间点（用法有 3 个）： 1　 表过去的具体时间点 2　 一般过去时从句 3　 时间段 + ago 例句： - She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. 她从去年八月起就在养老院做志愿者。 - I have made a lot of friends since I joined the organization. （自从加入这个组织，我交了很多朋友。） - He has volunteered here since 2 years ago.= He has volunteered here for 2 years. （他从2年前就在这里做志愿者。） 练习：判断用 for 还是 since。 1. I have lived here ________ ten years. 2. She has been a teacher ________ 2015. 3. They have known each other ________ they were children. 4. He has worked in this company ________ a long time 二、延续性动词与非延续性动词 在现在完成时中，如果要与 for 或 since 连用表示持续的时间，动词必须是延续性动词。 1. 常见动词转换 非延续性动词 延续性动词 例句 come/go/arrive be in/at He has been in Beijing for two days. leave be away from She has been away from home since Monday. buy have I have had this bike for five years. borrow/lend keep He has kept the book for two weeks. join be in / be a member of She has been a member of the club since 2020. begin/start be on The film has been on for ten minutes. die be dead His grandfather has been dead for three years. open be open The shop has been open since 8 a.m. close be closed The door has been closed for 2 hours. become be She has been a teacher for 3 years. marry be married They have been married for 10 years. 注意：否定句中，非延续性动词可以和 for/since 连用。 - I haven't bought any food since last week. （从上星期起我就没买过食物。） - We haven't seen him for a long time. （我们很久没见到他了。） 练习： 1.Mr. Fan ______ this watch in 2009. He ______ it for 9 years. A. bought; has had B. bought; has C. has bought; has had D. has bought; had 2.Thomas ______ the army for two years, so he misses his mother very much. A. has joined B. has taken part in C. has been in 3.—Bad luck! It's too late! —It doesn't matter. The movie ______ for only a few minutes. You can't miss it. A. has begun B. has been on C. began D. was on 4.—How do you like your English teacher? —He is great. We all love him. We ______ friends since three years ago. A. are B. have made C. have been D. have become 5.—How long have Mr. and Mrs. White ______? —For more than twenty years. A.married B. got married C. been married 6.—Is Bohai Bridge open to the public yet? —Yes. It ______ for almost one and a half months. A. has opened B. has been opened C. has been open D. was open 7.—What? He ______ for many years. You're joking! —I'm sure he ______ in an air crash 5 years ago. A.has been dead; died B. has been dead; was dead C. has died; died D. has died; was dead 三．特殊句型 ① have been to… 已经去（过），已归，强调“去过”的经历，可接次数或ever/never ② have gone to… 已经去（了），未归， 通常用于第三人称 ③ have been in… + for + 时间段 “在某地待一段时间 ” 例句： He has been to Paris three times.（他去过巴黎三次。 ） I have never been to Japan.（我从未去过日本。 ） She isn't here. She has gone to the library.（她不在这里，去图书馆了。 ） Where is Tom? He has gone to the supermarket.（汤姆在哪里？他去超市了 。） He has been in London for two years.（他在伦敦待了两年。 ） They have been in the park since morning.（他们从早上起一直在公园。） 1. I ______ ______ ______ Hangzhou twice. 2. My dad ______ ______ ______ Guangzhou, he isn’t at home. 3. They ______ ______ ______ Wuhan for 3 years. 4. She ______ never ______ ______ Tibet. 5. Tom ______ ______ ______ Beijing, you can’t see him now. 6. We ______ ______ ______ this city since 2023. 7. Have you ever ______ ______ ______ Sanya? 8. His brother ______ ______ ______ Xi’an, he’ll be back soon. 9. I ______ ______ ______ my hometown for ten months. 10. No one ______ ______ ______ that far island before. 【参考答案】 一.1. for 2. since 3. since 4. for 二．1-7 ACBCC CA 三．答案 1. have been to 2. has gone to 3. have been in 4. has; been to 5. has gone to 6. have been in 7. been to 8. has gone to 9. have been in 10. has been to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $