内容正文:
八下 Unit7-8 被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
当主语是谓语的执行者时,用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时,用被动语态。
如:We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天都打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned(by us) every day. 教室每天都被(我们)打扫。
一、被动语态的基本结构:be+done
一般现在时
am/is/are done
一般过去时
was/were done
一般将来时
will be done; shall be done(主语是第一人称)
am/is/are going to be done
现在完成时
have/has been done
情态动词
can/must/ should/may be done
The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 教室每天都被(我们)打扫。
The classroom was cleaned yesterday.
The classroom will be cleaned tomorrow.
The classroom has been cleaned already.
二、被动语态的基本用法:
1. 动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。
如:None of the books was taken away.没有一本书被拿走。
2. 在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。
如:The toy is designed for children. 这款玩具是为儿童设计的。
3. 需要强调动作的承受者时。
如:My bike was repaired. 我的自行车修好了。
4. 出于委婉或者礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。
如:This problem was discussed just now.(句子无错误)
5. 在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由by引出。如:
Mr. Wu is liked by all of his students. 所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
注意:有些动词常用被动语态。如:
He was born in Nanjing. 他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。
三、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 先找出谓语动词;
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
主动语态
主语She
谓语(主动式)hurt
宾语me.
被动语态
原宾语(改成主格)I
谓语(被动式)was hurt
by
原主语(改为宾格)her.
四、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
2. 系动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如: feel; smell; taste; sound; keep; get; turn; become
3. 还有一些不及物动词,如read、write、draw、sell、wash、cook、clean等,常用主动语态,和well、easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。
写起来很顺滑write smoothly, 卖得好sell well, 长得好grow well
4. 感官动词(hear/ see/ find)或使役动词(make/ let/ have)的主动语态句式中,动词不定式to常省去,但是在被动语态中要加上to 。
主动语态
主语
The teacher
谓语(主动式)
made
宾语
him
不带to的不定式
tell a story
被动语态
原宾语(改为主格)
He
谓语(被动式)
was made
带to的不定式
to tell a story
原主语(改为宾格)
by the teacher
help sb do sth sb be helped to do sth
make/let/have sb do sth sb be made/let/had to do sth
hear/see/watch/notice sb do sth sb be heard/seen/watched/noticed to do sth
hear/see/watch/notice sb doing sth sb be heard/seen/watched/noticed doing sth
5. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 双宾结构的被动语态有两种
主动语态
主语
He
谓语(主动式)
passed
间宾(人)
me
直宾(物)
a book.
被动语态
原间宾(改为主格)
I
谓语(被动式)
was passed
原直宾
a book
原主语(改为宾格)
by him.
主动语态
主语
He
谓语(主动式)
passed
直宾(物)
a book
间宾(人)
to me.
被动语态
原直宾
A book
谓语(被动式)
was passed
原间宾
to me
原主语(改为宾格)
by him.
买buy sb sth→ sb be bought sth buy sth for sb→ sth be bought for sb
给与give sb sth→ sb be given sth give sth to sb→ sth be given to sb
传递pass sb sth→ sb be passed sth pass sth to sb→ sth be passed to sb
提供offer sb sth→ sb be offered sth offer sth to sb→ sth be offered to sb
提供provide sb with sth→ sb be provided with sth provide sth for sb→ sth be provided for sb
颁发present sb with sth→ sb be presented with sth present sth to sb→ sth be presented to sb
6. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse took care of the sick man. →The sick man was taken care of by the nurse.
被嘲笑be laughed at 被听 be listened to 被照顾be looked after=be taken care of…
7. 特殊句型:
①需要被做sth need doing = sth need to be done
②据说It’s said that···; 据报告It’s reported that… 众所周知It’s known to many people that…
③无被动
发生happen, take place, 出版come out, 成真come true, 出故障break down,
爆发break out用完run out, 疾病、新闻传播 spread , 升起rise,
出现appear, 消失disappear, 开始start/ begin, 结束end/finish, 持续last,容纳hold,
own, wish, cost, fit, die, end, fail, sit, lie, stand, suit, fall asleep, lose heart, agree with, arrive at/in
8. 易混淆
下周将举行运动会 take place---Sports meeting will take place.
hold---Sports meeting will be held.
书卖得好。The book sells well.
书卖光了。The book was sold out.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$