期末考复习之阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（广东专用）-【题型易-考前特训】2025-2026学年八年级下学期英语 广东期末考 必考题型 仿真模拟（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语阅读理解核心题型，通过12篇仿真模拟文章系统覆盖健康、情绪、安全、自然等话题，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |健康与情绪|4篇（Passage1/4/5/6）|细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意|从情绪对健康的影响到科学管理方法，构建“现象-原理-策略”认知链| |安全与自我保护|3篇（Passage2/3/11）|情境应用、步骤排序、图文匹配|围绕居家/户外/火灾安全，形成“问题识别-应对措施-预防意识”逻辑线| |自然与社会|5篇（Passage7/8/9/10/12）|推理判断、标题归纳、跨文化理解|涵盖自然奇观、社会公益、压力管理等，培养多元文化认知与批判性思维|

考前特训 期末考 阅读理解 仿真模拟 考前特训（广东专用） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 测 试 范 围 Unit 1 Time to Relax Unit 5 Nature’s Temper Unit 2 Stay Healthy Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Unit 3 Growing Up Unit 7 A Good Read Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Unit 8 Making a Difference Passage 1 According to a new study, staying positive through the cold season can help you stay away from getting ill. In the study, scientists found that people with a positive emotion (情绪) were less likely to get ill. The findings showed that a positive emotion can help stop common colds and other illnesses.“People with a positive emotion may have different immune responses (免疫反应) to the illnesses,” explained Dr. Sheldon Cohen. “And when they do get a cold or have the flu, they may describe their illnesses as being less serious.” Cohen and his team had found in an early study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but there were some issues. They didn’t know how emotions made a difference. For the new study, Cohen and his team let 193 healthy people do tests. Those who were often happy and easygoing had a good emotional style, while those who were often unhappy and angry had a bad emotional style. Cohen and his team put a small amount of water containing the flu virus into the volunteers’ noses. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any hurt or uncomfortable feelings they had. At the same time, the team wrote down their information. By studying their nose conditions, Cohen and his team found that happy people were less likely to have a cold. 1. Which emotion can help you keep away from illness? A．negative B．positive C．creative D．excited 2. Why did the writer write Paragraph 2? A．To give advice on keeping healthy. B．To tell the ways to stop having a cold. C．To talk about different kinds of illnesses. D．To show the relationship between emotions and illnesses. 3. What does the underlined word “issues” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Problems. B．Mistakes. C．Reasons. D．Jokes. 4. How did Cohen and his team get the result? A．By testing healthy people. B．By oing a study on animals. C．By asking questions online. D．By getting information in libraries. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Scientists’ Worries B．Good Emotions, Good Health C．People’s Health Problems D．Cold Seasons, Poor Bodies Passage 2 According to a survey, student safety has become a big problem. Now, in many big cities in China, some schools have taught an unusual lesson: self-protection (自我保护) lesson. Students like this lesson because there are no exams or boring classes. And they can learn how to save their lives. Chen Haoyu, a teacher, gives students advice on how to deal with danger. If someone robs (抢劫) you If you cannot cry for help or run away, give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later. If you are in a traffic accident If a car hurts you, you should remember the car’s number. If it is a bicycle, try to call your parents before you let the rider go. This is because you don’t know how seriously you are hurt. If it is raining hard and there is lightning (闪电) Don’t stay in high places and stay away from trees. When there is a fire Get away as fast as you can. Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit. Do not take the lift. If someone is drowning (溺水) If you can’t swim, don’t get into the water. Cry out for help. Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. Take care of yourself at all times. 1. Why do students like the self-protection lesson? A．Because there are no tests. B．Because the lesson has many activities. C．Because they like the teacher. D．Because they can learn to save others’ lives. 2. What should students do if a bicycle hurts them? A．Remember the bicycle number. B．Remember what the rider looks like. C．Stay under a tree and lie down to rest. D．Stay with the rider until they call their parents. 3. What should we stay away from when it is raining hard? A． B． C． D． 4. When should students put wet things on their bodies? A．When there is a fire. B．When there is lightning. C．When they are drowning. D．When someone robs them. 5. Where is the passage most probably from? A．A science book. B．A travel guide. C．A news website. D．A safety guide. Passage 3 Parents are busy today and sometimes children have to stay at home alone. It is important for them to know how to keep themselves safe when they are at home alone. If you are one of them, you should remember the following basic rules. Arrive at your home         ·When you come home, you should check the doors and windows to see if they are broken. ·If everything is normal, you should go inside and lock the door quickly. ·If something seems strange, or someone may be in the house, you should go to your neighbor’s house and call the police. Answer the door ·If someone knocks at the door, you should make sure who the visitor is before you open the door. ·This can be done by saying, “Yes, who is it?” through the closed door. You can also look through the peephole (窥视孔) to see if you know the visitor. If you don’t know the person very well, don’t open the door. ·You should not allow strangers to enter the house or give out any information about your family. You should be polite when you talk with the stranger, but remain behind the closed door. ·If the visitor wants to speak to your parents, you should say that your parents can’t come to the door at the moment, and offer to take a message. 1. When you arrive at your home, you should ________ first. A．check whether everything is normal B．go inside quickly C．call the police D．go to your neighbor’s house 2. Where can you go first when you find a stranger in your house? A．The busy streets. B．The train station. C．Your neighbor’s house. D．The police station. 3. How can you make sure who the visitor is before you open the door? A．Ask for his phone number. B．Look through the peephole. C．Take a picture of him. D．Ask him to call your parents. 4. What is the purpose (意图) of the last rule in the passage? A．Not to let the visitor know you are at home alone. B．Not to trouble your parents when they are busy. C．Not to let the visitor see your parents. D．Not to let the visitor know your address. 5. Who is the passage for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Children. D．Adults. Passage 4 Anger (愤怒) isn’t a good feeling. Anger may make us feel uncomfortable, but it’s very common. Sadly, many of us often hide our feelings when we are angry. A study says that this can be bad for our health. Is it better to cry when something makes us angry? The study points out that when we show our anger in this way, we can’t get on well with our friends and our families. The more time we are angry, the worse results we’ll get. So, how can we deal with (处理) our anger in the right way? First, know what makes us angry. Anger is often caused by feelings of worry, sadness, and so on. Second, pay more attention to those everyday things that will make us relaxed. One way of dealing with anger is to talk about it. The study shows that if we speak out our feelings, we can slowly make ourselves composed. So if we are angry, we can talk to someone that we trust and it can help us get peace again. Besides, exercising and taking a deep breath (呼吸) can also help deal with anger. It’s important to remember that everyone gets angry sometimes. We should be kind to ourselves. It’s okay to feel angry, but we must learn to deal with it in a healthy way. 1. If we hide our anger, what may happen? A．Lose our confidence. B．Become angry more easily. C．Have some health problems. D．Find it hard to solve problems. 2. Which picture shows the relation (关系) between the time of being angry (x) and result of that (y)? A． B． C． D． 3. What does the underlined word “composed” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Calm. B．Beautiful. C．Famous. D．Successful. 4. What does the writer think about being angry? A．It’s useless and boring in life. B．It’s uncomfortable but healthy. C．It’s helpful to get on well with friends and families. D．It’s common but people need to deal with it healthily. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Show Anger B．Enjoy Anger C．Look for Anger D．Deal with Anger Passage 5 Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe (呼吸) faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit (打) someone, but sometimes, you hide (隐藏) your anger. For example, you may hide it in your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. Everyone may get angry in daily life. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or yourself. When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s helpful to talk about your anger with an adult, such as parents, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad feelings can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do when you start to feel angry: talking to a good friend; counting from 1 to 100; giving someone a hug; going for a bike ride; thinking about good things, etc. Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you. 1. You may not get angry when ________. A．there is too much homework on the weekend B．your favorite basketball team wins the game C．a friend breaks your favorite thing D．you lose your wallet 2. ________ shows that you’re not angry. A．Taking a faster breath B．Wanting to hit somebody C．Wanting to break something D．Getting flowers from friends 3. From the passage, you can do something when you get angry except ________. A．going for a bike ride B．thinking about good things C．saying bad things to the people around you D．counting from 1 to 100 4. The underlined word “normal” means ________ in Chinese. A．special B．usual C．happy D．sad 5. This passage is mainly about ________. A．anger B．excitement C．sadness D．happiness Passage 6 Everyone may feel angry. Some people cry or shout when they feel angry. Many of us have been used to hiding anger. A study suggests that this can have long-term bad influences on our health. Is it better to cry or break things whenever something makes us angry? The study points out that when we show our anger in this way, we probably can’t get on well with our friends or our family. The more time we keep being angry, the worse result we’ll get. So how can we deal with our feeling of anger in a right way? First, know what anger is. Anger is often caused by feelings of fear, disappointment and so on. Also, care more about those everyday things that will make us angry. For example, we may get angry in a long line at the store. Take a step back and think that it isn’t personal. Everyone in the line is in a hurry too—just like us; they’re probably rushing to get home and make dinner. Then we’ll feel better. Another way of dealing with anger is to talk about it. The study has shown that if we name our feelings, we can slowly pacify ourselves. Besides, take a deep breath or find helpful exercise to do. Exercise helps deal with anger. Remember that how we act when we are angry can make things better or worse. If we learn to deal with anger, we will be happier and healthier. 1. How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By using an old saying. 2. Which picture can show the relationship between anger and time? (x=the time you keep angry, y=the bad influences it will have) A． B． C． D． 3. Which can help deal with the feeling of anger according to the text? a. Taking some exercise.　　    b. Eating delicious food. c. Talking about anger.　　      d. Taking a deep breath. A．a, b, c. B．a, b, d. C．a, c, d. D．b, c, d. 4. What does the underlined word “pacify” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Excite. B．Calm. C．Hurt. D．Understand. 5. What’s the best title for the text? A．What Makes You Angry? B．Why Are You Angry? C．When to Deal with Anger? D．How to Deal with Anger? Passage 7 In the city of Zhengzhou, there is a hot pot restaurant called Shengyousheng. It is doing something very special. It gives jobs to people who are hearing-impaired—that means they can’t hear well or at all. There are the words “more” and “sound” in the restaurant’s name. It shows its hope to bring more voices into the world. About half of the workers there have difficulty in hearing. A 31-year-old man, Deng Wei, works as the kitchen manager. He makes about 4,000 yuan each month and says he enjoys working in a quiet and friendly place. Shengyousheng is a self-service hot pot restaurant. Customers choose their own food and make their own sauces, so there’s not much need to talk. This makes it easy for hearing-impaired workers to do their jobs. To help with communication, the restaurant uses big posters on the walls. These posters show simple hand signs, like how to say “thank you” by placing one hand near your chin and moving it forward. There are also signs for “food”, “hello”, and “wait for a while”. Next to each picture, there are easy-to-read words, so customers can understand what the hand signs mean. Each table also has cards and pens. Customers can use them to write to the workers if needed. Shengyousheng is not only helping people with hearing problems find jobs, but also showing everyone that kindness, patience, and respect are just as important as words. It’s a restaurant full of good food and big hearts. 1. What hope does the name “Shengyousheng” express for the restaurant? A．To sell more hot pot to customers. B．To bring more voices into the world. C．To make more money every month. D．To have more workers in the kitchen. 2. How much money does Deng Wei make in a year? A．About 4,000 yuan. B．About 24,000 yuan. C．About 40,000 yuan. D．About 48,000 yuan. 3. How does the restaurant help workers and customers communicate? A．By hiring translators for every table. B．By using posters, cards, and pens. C．By asking customers to learn sign language before eating. D．By using a loudspeaker to give orders. 4. Why is Shengyousheng a good workplace for hearing-impaired people? A．Because it is a self-service restaurant and doesn’t require much talking. B．Because all customers know sign language. C．Because the restaurant is very quiet and no one talks. D．Because the workers only work in the kitchen. 5. What is the main message of the passage? A．Hot pot is the most popular food in Zhengzhou. B．It is important to learn sign language. C．A restaurant can be a place of kindness, patience, and respect. D．Hearing-impaired people cannot work in restaurants. Passage 8 When we talk about stress in our lives, we may think of bad situations and feelings. Negative stress is a problem which can be bad for our physical and mental health. However, not all stress is bad. There is also some positive stress. In fact, there is a kind of stress known as positive stress which plays an important role in our happiness. It is the feeling you experience when you challenge yourself. It might make you feel a little uncomfortable, but it has to do with something you want to get. This kind of stress pushes you to perform at your best and fills you with a sense of hope and achievement. You also feel positive stress when there’s a gap (差距) between what you have and what you want. And if you work hard, you can make it. In other words, what you want to realize (实现) is difficult but not impossible. Knowing the difference between negative stress and positive stress can help build resilience (恢复力). If we see something as a threat, our worry will become greater. However, if we see it as a challenge, we can try to accept it. We need to tell ourselves to develop a positive mind. This will help us solve the problems in our lives. By doing so, we won’t worry about what bad results they may cause. To create more positive stress in your life, try doing activities that push your limits (极限). Exercise is a great way. You can also challenge yourself by learning something new every day. It doesn’t matter if it’s big or small. 1. Why does the writer talk about negative stress in Paragraph 1? A．To teach us how to control stress. B．To explain where stress comes from. C．To prepare for talking about positive stress. D．To describe different kinds of positive stress. 2. In what situation may you experience positive stress? A．When I’m trying to challenge myself. B．When I’m watching a movie with friends. C．When I’m lying in bed doing nothing. D．When I’m buying something useful. 3. What does the underlined word “threat” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Truth. B．Danger. C．Deal. D．Promise. 4. What do we need to do when we accept our worry? A．We need to share our worries with friends. B．We need to tell ourselves to develop a positive mind. C．We need to solve the problem by ourselves. D．We don’t need to worry about it. 5. What is the best title for the text? A．The difference between negative stress and positive stress. B．How to create positive stress. C．The positive stress in our lives. D．The meaning of positive stress. Passage 9 The Eye of the Sahara is one of the most amazing natural wonders on earth. It is located in the desert of Mauritania, Africa. It is as big as 500 football fields. When you look at it from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! The Eye also looks like a big round pizza with different-coloured parts. How did it come into being? Long ago, the ground under the sand started to rise. Then, wind and rain slowly broke down the soft rocks, leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 circles, and each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often sweep across it. The sand covers the rocks and makes them difficult to see. Also, few people know about this amazing place because it's far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks. They want to keep the rocks safe and stop the blowing sand from breaking them down. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor centre nearby to help more people know about the Eye of the Sahara. At the same time, they advise people to take measures to protect the rocks. 1. What does“500 football fields” in Paragraph 1 show? A．It shows how large the Eye is. B．It shows why the Eye is bright. C．It shows when the Eye appears. D．It shows where the Eye is in Africa. 2. Look at the pictures below. Which one best shows the Eye of the Sahara when looking at it from the sky? A． B． C． D． 3. What does the underlined word “conserve” most likely mean? A．Break down B．Hide C．Protect D．Change the colour 4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．The Eye of the Sahara is located in Africa. B．Wind and rain broke down the soft rocks long ago. C．The Eye of the Sahara is close to big cities. D．Scientists advise people to take measures to protect the rocks. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A．A natural wonder and its trouble. B．Building roads in the desert. C．A story of rocks. D．Different deserts around the world. Passage 10 Research shows that kindness makes people feel happier. But why and how does it happen? Here are a number of different ways. Being kind can make someone smile. If you see yourself smile in a situation, people around you may be smiling, too. This is especially true for your close friends and family. A kind act (行为) makes someone who is sad feel better. It can also make ourselves feel good. Secondly, being kind starts or develops a social connection with others. Kind acts like buying someone a gift make friendships stronger. Research shows that spending money on others’ needs may help you get a stronger feeling of happiness than spending it on yourself. Then in another study, even children know how being kind makes them feel happy. If one person is kind, he or she makes others in the group kind. Imagine (设想) that you make cakes for the office and it makes others do it each month. Then you’re getting cakes a lot more days than giving them. The story doesn’t end here. ▲ Research also shows that if you’re in a good mood (心情), you can act much more kindly. This makes it a wonderful two-way relationship, doesn’t it? 1. What is the passage mainly about? A．How to make friends with others. B．How to stay in a good mood. C．How kindness makes people happier. D．How to help sad people. 2. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．A smile. B．The situation. C．The family. D．A kind act. 3. What can make the friendship stronger according to Paragraph 3? A．Giving gifts to others. B．Spending money on ourselves. C．Smiling at family members. D．Making cakes every day. 4. Which sentence can be put in the blank ▲ in last Paragraph? A．Good moods never influence our life. B．Kindness and mood influence each other. C．People can always stay happy easily. D．Doing kind things wastes time. 5. What is the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 11 We should have at least one fire extinguisher in our house or office building. However, it’s not enough to simply keep an extinguisher. The best way to solve a sudden fire is to study this guide carefully and always use it. ① Have a clear exit route (出口路线) Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you can’t put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit. And make sure everyone is out. ② Report the fire Although it seems to be easy to put out the fire, you should always have the firemen on the way. They can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out. ③ Use the extinguisher It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One way to help you remember how to use an extinguisher is to remember the four steps of the “PASS” process. ★ P—Pull: Pull the pin (保险销). ★ A—Aim (瞄准): Aim at the bottom of the fire. ★ S—Squeeze (挤压): Squeeze the handle (手柄). ★ S—Sweep: Sweep the nozzle (喷嘴) from side to side. ④ ▲ After the fire seems to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t begin burning again. If the fire starts up again, repeat the “PASS” process. ⑤ Get to a safe place Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, find a place out of reach of the fire. 1. What should you do first before using a fire extinguisher? A．Have a clear exit route. B．Pull the pin from the extinguisher. C．Report the fire to firemen. D．Sweep the nozzle from side to side 2. Why should you report the fire even if it seems easy to put out? A．Because firemen need to practice their skills. B．Because it is a legal requirement. C．Because the extinguisher might not work. D．Because firemen can double-check if the fire is completely out. 3. Which of the following is the correct order of the “PASS” process? A．②→①→④→③ B．③→②→④→① C．②→④→③→① D．③→①→④→② 4. Which is the best for “ ▲ ”? A．Look for a safe place B．Keep an eye on things C．Practice the “PASS” process D．Check the loss (损失) in the fire 5. What is the passage mainly about? A．How to deal with a fire. B．How to use an extinguisher. C．How to keep an extinguisher. D．How to prevent (预防) a big fire. Passage 12 Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometers in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. This means that it is one of the oldest places in the world. All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like — it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures, the desert will keep growing! 1. What does the word “vast” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Very old. B．Very large. C．Very dry. D．Very hot. 2. How old is the Sahara Desert? A．It is also at least 30 million years old. B．It is also at least 9 million years old. C．It is also at least 4.6 million years old. D．It is also at least 2 million years old. 3. According to the passage, which animals can live in the Sahara Desert? A．Camels and dogs. B．Fennec foxes and dogs. C．Camels and fennec foxes. D．Fennec foxes and horses 4. Which of the following statement is right from the passage? A．All deserts in the world are dry and hot, just like the Sahara. B．It is impossible for people to live in the Sahara Desert at all. C．The expansion of the Sahara Desert is completely caused by human activities. D．Some animals in the Sahara Desert have special features to deal with the hot weather. 5. Where is this passage most probably from? A．travel guide B．picture book C．notice D．storybook 14 / 14乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 期末考 阅读理解 仿真模拟 考前特训（广东专用） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 测 试 范 围 Unit 1 Time to Relax Unit 5 Nature’s Temper Unit 2 Stay Healthy Unit 6 Crossing Cultures Unit 3 Growing Up Unit 7 A Good Read Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Unit 8 Making a Difference Passage 1 According to a new study, staying positive through the cold season can help you stay away from getting ill. In the study, scientists found that people with a positive emotion (情绪) were less likely to get ill. The findings showed that a positive emotion can help stop common colds and other illnesses.“People with a positive emotion may have different immune responses (免疫反应) to the illnesses,” explained Dr. Sheldon Cohen. “And when they do get a cold or have the flu, they may describe their illnesses as being less serious.” Cohen and his team had found in an early study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but there were some issues. They didn’t know how emotions made a difference. For the new study, Cohen and his team let 193 healthy people do tests. Those who were often happy and easygoing had a good emotional style, while those who were often unhappy and angry had a bad emotional style. Cohen and his team put a small amount of water containing the flu virus into the volunteers’ noses. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any hurt or uncomfortable feelings they had. At the same time, the team wrote down their information. By studying their nose conditions, Cohen and his team found that happy people were less likely to have a cold. 1. Which emotion can help you keep away from illness? A．negative B．positive C．creative D．excited 2. Why did the writer write Paragraph 2? A．To give advice on keeping healthy. B．To tell the ways to stop having a cold. C．To talk about different kinds of illnesses. D．To show the relationship between emotions and illnesses. 3. What does the underlined word “issues” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Problems. B．Mistakes. C．Reasons. D．Jokes. 4. How did Cohen and his team get the result? A．By testing healthy people. B．By oing a study on animals. C．By asking questions online. D．By getting information in libraries. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Scientists’ Worries B．Good Emotions, Good Health C．People’s Health Problems D．Cold Seasons, Poor Bodies 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文介绍了一项科学研究，揭示了积极情绪与健康之间的关联，说明保持乐观心态有助于减少患病风险。 1. 原文第一段提到“According to a new study, staying positive through the cold season can help you stay away from getting ill. In the study, scientists found that people with a positive emotion were less likely to get ill”，说明积极情绪能帮助人们远离疾病。 2. 原文第二段提到“The findings showed that a positive emotion can help stop common colds and other illnesses... People with a positive emotion may have different immune responses to the illnesses”，目的是说明情绪和疾病之间的关系。 3. 原文第三段提到“Cohen and his team had found in an early study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but there were some issues. They didn’t know how emotions made a difference”，上下文提到早期研究存在不足，因此“issues”意为“问题”。 4. 原文第四段提到“For the new study, Cohen and his team let 193 healthy people do tests”，说明Cohen和他的团队通过测试健康人得到了结果。 5. 全文围绕积极情绪与健康的关系展开，说明好情绪有助于保持健康，因此最佳标题是“Good Emotions, Good Health”。 Passage 2 According to a survey, student safety has become a big problem. Now, in many big cities in China, some schools have taught an unusual lesson: self-protection (自我保护) lesson. Students like this lesson because there are no exams or boring classes. And they can learn how to save their lives. Chen Haoyu, a teacher, gives students advice on how to deal with danger. If someone robs (抢劫) you If you cannot cry for help or run away, give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later. If you are in a traffic accident If a car hurts you, you should remember the car’s number. If it is a bicycle, try to call your parents before you let the rider go. This is because you don’t know how seriously you are hurt. If it is raining hard and there is lightning (闪电) Don’t stay in high places and stay away from trees. When there is a fire Get away as fast as you can. Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit. Do not take the lift. If someone is drowning (溺水) If you can’t swim, don’t get into the water. Cry out for help. Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. Take care of yourself at all times. 1. Why do students like the self-protection lesson? A．Because there are no tests. B．Because the lesson has many activities. C．Because they like the teacher. D．Because they can learn to save others’ lives. 2. What should students do if a bicycle hurts them? A．Remember the bicycle number. B．Remember what the rider looks like. C．Stay under a tree and lie down to rest. D．Stay with the rider until they call their parents. 3. What should we stay away from when it is raining hard? A． B． C． D． 4. When should students put wet things on their bodies? A．When there is a fire. B．When there is lightning. C．When they are drowning. D．When someone robs them. 5. Where is the passage most probably from? A．A science book. B．A travel guide. C．A news website. D．A safety guide. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇安全教育说明文，介绍了学校开设的自我保护课程，并针对抢劫、交通事故、雷雨天气、火灾和溺水等危险情况给出了具体的应对建议。 1. 第一段提到“Students like this lesson because there are no exams”，说明学生喜欢这门课是因为没有考试。 2. “If you are in a traffic accident”部分提到“If it is a bicycle, try to call your parents before you let the rider go.”，说明如果被自行车撞，在让骑手离开之前，尽量先给父母打电话。 3. “If it is raining hard and there is lightning ”部分提到“Don’t stay in high places and stay away from trees.”，应该远离树木。 4. “When there is a fire”部分提到“Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit.”，这是在火灾时的应对措施。 5. 全文围绕各种危险情况下的自我保护方法展开，属于安全指南，因此最可能来自“安全指南”。 Passage 3 Parents are busy today and sometimes children have to stay at home alone. It is important for them to know how to keep themselves safe when they are at home alone. If you are one of them, you should remember the following basic rules. Arrive at your home         ·When you come home, you should check the doors and windows to see if they are broken. ·If everything is normal, you should go inside and lock the door quickly. ·If something seems strange, or someone may be in the house, you should go to your neighbor’s house and call the police. Answer the door ·If someone knocks at the door, you should make sure who the visitor is before you open the door. ·This can be done by saying, “Yes, who is it?” through the closed door. You can also look through the peephole (窥视孔) to see if you know the visitor. If you don’t know the person very well, don’t open the door. ·You should not allow strangers to enter the house or give out any information about your family. You should be polite when you talk with the stranger, but remain behind the closed door. ·If the visitor wants to speak to your parents, you should say that your parents can’t come to the door at the moment, and offer to take a message. 1. When you arrive at your home, you should ________ first. A．check whether everything is normal B．go inside quickly C．call the police D．go to your neighbor’s house 2. Where can you go first when you find a stranger in your house? A．The busy streets. B．The train station. C．Your neighbor’s house. D．The police station. 3. How can you make sure who the visitor is before you open the door? A．Ask for his phone number. B．Look through the peephole. C．Take a picture of him. D．Ask him to call your parents. 4. What is the purpose (意图) of the last rule in the passage? A．Not to let the visitor know you are at home alone. B．Not to trouble your parents when they are busy. C．Not to let the visitor see your parents. D．Not to let the visitor know your address. 5. Who is the passage for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Children. D．Adults. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 【导语】本文介绍了儿童独自在家时需要遵守的安全规则，包括到家后的检查、开门的注意事项等。 1. Arrive at your home这部分提到“When you come home, you should check the doors and windows to see if they are broken.”，说明到家后首先要检查门窗是否正常。 2. Arrive at your home这部分提到“If something seems strange, or someone may be in the house, you should go to your neighbor’s house and call the police.”，发现异常应先去邻居家。 3. Answer the door这部分提到“You can also look through the peephole (窥视孔) to see if you know the visitor.”，可以通过窥视孔确认访客身份。 4. Answer the door这部分提到“If the visitor wants to speak to your parents, you should say that your parents can’t come to the door at the moment, and offer to take a message.”，目的是不暴露自己独自在家的情况。 5. 原文开头提到“sometimes children have to stay at home alone. It is important for them to know how to keep themselves safe”，说明文章是写给儿童的。 Passage 4 Anger (愤怒) isn’t a good feeling. Anger may make us feel uncomfortable, but it’s very common. Sadly, many of us often hide our feelings when we are angry. A study says that this can be bad for our health. Is it better to cry when something makes us angry? The study points out that when we show our anger in this way, we can’t get on well with our friends and our families. The more time we are angry, the worse results we’ll get. So, how can we deal with (处理) our anger in the right way? First, know what makes us angry. Anger is often caused by feelings of worry, sadness, and so on. Second, pay more attention to those everyday things that will make us relaxed. One way of dealing with anger is to talk about it. The study shows that if we speak out our feelings, we can slowly make ourselves composed. So if we are angry, we can talk to someone that we trust and it can help us get peace again. Besides, exercising and taking a deep breath (呼吸) can also help deal with anger. It’s important to remember that everyone gets angry sometimes. We should be kind to ourselves. It’s okay to feel angry, but we must learn to deal with it in a healthy way. 1. If we hide our anger, what may happen? A．Lose our confidence. B．Become angry more easily. C．Have some health problems. D．Find it hard to solve problems. 2. Which picture shows the relation (关系) between the time of being angry (x) and result of that (y)? A． B． C． D． 3. What does the underlined word “composed” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Calm. B．Beautiful. C．Famous. D．Successful. 4. What does the writer think about being angry? A．It’s useless and boring in life. B．It’s uncomfortable but healthy. C．It’s helpful to get on well with friends and families. D．It’s common but people need to deal with it healthily. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Show Anger B．Enjoy Anger C．Look for Anger D．Deal with Anger 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了愤怒是一种常见但不好的情绪，隐藏愤怒对健康有害，文章还介绍了正确处理愤怒的方法，强调要健康地应对愤怒。 1. 文章第一段提到“Sadly, many of us often hide our feelings when we are angry. A study says that this can be bad for our health.”，说明隐藏愤怒可能会引发健康问题。 2. 文章第二段指出“The more time we are angry, the worse results we’ll get.”，这表明随着生气时间增加，结果会变差，所以应选择体现这种关系的图片。 3. 文章第四段提到“The study shows that if we speak out our feelings, we can slowly make ourselves composed.”，结合后文“So if we are angry, we can talk to someone that we trust and it can help us get peace again.”可知，说出感受能让我们再次获得平静，所以“composed”意思与“平静”相近，即“Calm”。 4. 文章第一段提到“Anger (愤怒) isn’t a good feeling. Anger may make us feel uncomfortable, but it’s very common.”，最后一段提到“It’s important to remember that everyone gets angry sometimes. We should be kind to ourselves. It’s okay to feel angry, but we must learn to deal with it in a healthy way.”，综合可知作者认为愤怒很常见，但人们需要健康地处理它。 5. 文章主要围绕如何正确处理愤怒展开，介绍了处理愤怒的方法以及强调要健康应对愤怒，所以“Deal with Anger”最适合作为标题。 Passage 5 Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry. Usually, your body will tell you when you are angry. For example, you breathe (呼吸) faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit (打) someone, but sometimes, you hide (隐藏) your anger. For example, you may hide it in your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. Everyone may get angry in daily life. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or yourself. When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people. It’s helpful to talk about your anger with an adult, such as parents, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad feelings can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do when you start to feel angry: talking to a good friend; counting from 1 to 100; giving someone a hug; going for a bike ride; thinking about good things, etc. Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you. 1. You may not get angry when ________. A．there is too much homework on the weekend B．your favorite basketball team wins the game C．a friend breaks your favorite thing D．you lose your wallet 2. ________ shows that you’re not angry. A．Taking a faster breath B．Wanting to hit somebody C．Wanting to break something D．Getting flowers from friends 3. From the passage, you can do something when you get angry except ________. A．going for a bike ride B．thinking about good things C．saying bad things to the people around you D．counting from 1 to 100 4. The underlined word “normal” means ________ in Chinese. A．special B．usual C．happy D．sad 5. This passage is mainly about ________. A．anger B．excitement C．sadness D．happiness 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了愤怒这种情绪，包括引发愤怒的原因、愤怒时的身体表现、隐藏愤怒的危害，以及正确释放愤怒的方法，提醒人们不要被愤怒控制。 1. 第一段指出引发愤怒的多种情况：“When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you may get really angry.”，结合选项可知，你最喜欢的篮球队赢了比赛不会让你愤怒，其余选项均可能引发愤怒。 2. 第二段说明愤怒时的身体表现：“For example, you breathe (呼吸) faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit (打) someone”，可知呼吸加快、想打人、想打碎东西都是愤怒的表现，而从朋友那里得到花不会显示你在愤怒。 3. 第四段列出了愤怒时可以做的事情：“talking to a good friend; counting from 1 to 100; giving someone a hug; going for a bike ride; thinking about good things, etc.”，可知向周围的人说坏话不是愤怒时可以做的事，其余选项均在文中提及。 4. 第三段提到“it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s normal for you to get angry sometimes. Everyone may get angry in daily life.”，结合后一句“每个人在日常生活中都可能会愤怒”，可推断出“normal”意为“平常的、正常的”，与“usual”含义一致。 5. 全文围绕“愤怒”展开，依次介绍了愤怒的引发原因、身体表现、隐藏危害及正确释放方式，核心是围绕愤怒这一情绪，其余选项（兴奋、悲伤、快乐）均未在文中重点提及。 Passage 6 Everyone may feel angry. Some people cry or shout when they feel angry. Many of us have been used to hiding anger. A study suggests that this can have long-term bad influences on our health. Is it better to cry or break things whenever something makes us angry? The study points out that when we show our anger in this way, we probably can’t get on well with our friends or our family. The more time we keep being angry, the worse result we’ll get. So how can we deal with our feeling of anger in a right way? First, know what anger is. Anger is often caused by feelings of fear, disappointment and so on. Also, care more about those everyday things that will make us angry. For example, we may get angry in a long line at the store. Take a step back and think that it isn’t personal. Everyone in the line is in a hurry too—just like us; they’re probably rushing to get home and make dinner. Then we’ll feel better. Another way of dealing with anger is to talk about it. The study has shown that if we name our feelings, we can slowly pacify ourselves. Besides, take a deep breath or find helpful exercise to do. Exercise helps deal with anger. Remember that how we act when we are angry can make things better or worse. If we learn to deal with anger, we will be happier and healthier. 1. How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By using an old saying. 2. Which picture can show the relationship between anger and time? (x=the time you keep angry, y=the bad influences it will have) A． B． C． D． 3. Which can help deal with the feeling of anger according to the text? a. Taking some exercise.　　    b. Eating delicious food. c. Talking about anger.　　      d. Taking a deep breath. A．a, b, c. B．a, b, d. C．a, c, d. D．b, c, d. 4. What does the underlined word “pacify” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Excite. B．Calm. C．Hurt. D．Understand. 5. What’s the best title for the text? A．What Makes You Angry? B．Why Are You Angry? C．When to Deal with Anger? D．How to Deal with Anger? 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了愤怒情绪对健康的负面影响，以及正确处理愤怒的方法，包括了解愤怒、关注触发因素、谈论情绪、深呼吸和运动等。 【详解】1. 第二段开头“Is it better to cry or break things whenever something makes us angry?”是一个问句，作者通过提问来引入话题。 2. 文中第三段提到“The more time we keep being angry, the worse result we’ll get.”，说明愤怒持续的时间越长，负面影响越大，两者呈正相关关系，对应A图。 3. 文中第四段提到“talk about it”（谈论愤怒）、“take a deep breath”（深呼吸），第五段提到“find helpful exercise to do”（运动），因此a、c、d正确。 4. 根据第四段“name our feelings”（说出情绪名称）和“slowly...ourselves”可知，该动作的结果是让自己从愤怒中“平静下来”，因此pacify意为“使平静”。 5. 全文围绕“如何正确处理愤怒”展开，介绍了多种方法，因此最佳标题为“How to Deal with Anger?”。 Passage 7 In the city of Zhengzhou, there is a hot pot restaurant called Shengyousheng. It is doing something very special. It gives jobs to people who are hearing-impaired—that means they can’t hear well or at all. There are the words “more” and “sound” in the restaurant’s name. It shows its hope to bring more voices into the world. About half of the workers there have difficulty in hearing. A 31-year-old man, Deng Wei, works as the kitchen manager. He makes about 4,000 yuan each month and says he enjoys working in a quiet and friendly place. Shengyousheng is a self-service hot pot restaurant. Customers choose their own food and make their own sauces, so there’s not much need to talk. This makes it easy for hearing-impaired workers to do their jobs. To help with communication, the restaurant uses big posters on the walls. These posters show simple hand signs, like how to say “thank you” by placing one hand near your chin and moving it forward. There are also signs for “food”, “hello”, and “wait for a while”. Next to each picture, there are easy-to-read words, so customers can understand what the hand signs mean. Each table also has cards and pens. Customers can use them to write to the workers if needed. Shengyousheng is not only helping people with hearing problems find jobs, but also showing everyone that kindness, patience, and respect are just as important as words. It’s a restaurant full of good food and big hearts. 1. What hope does the name “Shengyousheng” express for the restaurant? A．To sell more hot pot to customers. B．To bring more voices into the world. C．To make more money every month. D．To have more workers in the kitchen. 2. How much money does Deng Wei make in a year? A．About 4,000 yuan. B．About 24,000 yuan. C．About 40,000 yuan. D．About 48,000 yuan. 3. How does the restaurant help workers and customers communicate? A．By hiring translators for every table. B．By using posters, cards, and pens. C．By asking customers to learn sign language before eating. D．By using a loudspeaker to give orders. 4. Why is Shengyousheng a good workplace for hearing-impaired people? A．Because it is a self-service restaurant and doesn’t require much talking. B．Because all customers know sign language. C．Because the restaurant is very quiet and no one talks. D．Because the workers only work in the kitchen. 5. What is the main message of the passage? A．Hot pot is the most popular food in Zhengzhou. B．It is important to learn sign language. C．A restaurant can be a place of kindness, patience, and respect. D．Hearing-impaired people cannot work in restaurants. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了郑州一家名为“盛有声”的火锅店，该店雇佣听障人士，并通过多种方式帮助沟通，展现了善意和尊重。 1. 第二段明确指出：“There are the words ‘more’ and ‘sound’ in the restaurant’s name. It shows its hope to bring more voices into the world”，说明餐厅名字表达了为世界带来更多声音的希望。 2. 第二段提到：“He makes about 4,000 yuan each month”，一个月大约4000元，一年12个月，那么一年大约是4000×12 = 48000元。 3. 第三段提到“To help with communication, the restaurant uses big posters on the walls. Each table also has cards and pens. Customers can use them to write to the workers if needed”，说明餐厅通过使用海报、卡片和笔来帮助员工和顾客交流。 4. 第三段指出“Shengyousheng is a self-service hot pot restaurant... there’s not much need to talk. This makes it easy for hearing-impaired workers to do their jobs”，说明自助服务模式不需要太多交谈，适合听障人士工作。 5. 最后一段提到“Shengyousheng is not only helping people with hearing problems find jobs, but also showing everyone that kindness, patience, and respect are just as important as words. It’s a restaurant full of good food and big hearts”，说明餐厅可以是一个充满善意、耐心和尊重的地方。 Passage 8 When we talk about stress in our lives, we may think of bad situations and feelings. Negative stress is a problem which can be bad for our physical and mental health. However, not all stress is bad. There is also some positive stress. In fact, there is a kind of stress known as positive stress which plays an important role in our happiness. It is the feeling you experience when you challenge yourself. It might make you feel a little uncomfortable, but it has to do with something you want to get. This kind of stress pushes you to perform at your best and fills you with a sense of hope and achievement. You also feel positive stress when there’s a gap (差距) between what you have and what you want. And if you work hard, you can make it. In other words, what you want to realize (实现) is difficult but not impossible. Knowing the difference between negative stress and positive stress can help build resilience (恢复力). If we see something as a threat, our worry will become greater. However, if we see it as a challenge, we can try to accept it. We need to tell ourselves to develop a positive mind. This will help us solve the problems in our lives. By doing so, we won’t worry about what bad results they may cause. To create more positive stress in your life, try doing activities that push your limits (极限). Exercise is a great way. You can also challenge yourself by learning something new every day. It doesn’t matter if it’s big or small. 1. Why does the writer talk about negative stress in Paragraph 1? A．To teach us how to control stress. B．To explain where stress comes from. C．To prepare for talking about positive stress. D．To describe different kinds of positive stress. 2. In what situation may you experience positive stress? A．When I’m trying to challenge myself. B．When I’m watching a movie with friends. C．When I’m lying in bed doing nothing. D．When I’m buying something useful. 3. What does the underlined word “threat” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Truth. B．Danger. C．Deal. D．Promise. 4. What do we need to do when we accept our worry? A．We need to share our worries with friends. B．We need to tell ourselves to develop a positive mind. C．We need to solve the problem by ourselves. D．We don’t need to worry about it. 5. What is the best title for the text? A．The difference between negative stress and positive stress. B．How to create positive stress. C．The positive stress in our lives. D．The meaning of positive stress. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文介绍了积极压力的概念、作用，以及如何在生活中创造更多积极压力。 1. 第一段先提到负面压力的危害，再用“However, not all stress is bad. There is also some positive stress.”引出积极压力，因此作者提到负面压力是为了介绍积极压力做铺垫。 2. 根据原文第二段“It is the feeling you experience when you challenge yourself”，可知当你挑战自我时会感受到积极压力。 3. 根据原文第四段“If we see something as a threat, our worry will become greater. However, if we see it as a challenge, we can try to accept it.”，可知“threat”与“challenge”形成对比，意为“威胁、危险”。 4. 根据原文第四段“We need to tell ourselves to develop a positive mind. This will help us solve the problems in our lives.”，可知当我们面对担忧时，需要告诉自己要培养积极的心态。 5. 全文围绕“积极压力”展开，介绍了它的定义、作用和创造方法，因此最佳标题为“The positive stress in our lives”。 Passage 9 The Eye of the Sahara is one of the most amazing natural wonders on earth. It is located in the desert of Mauritania, Africa. It is as big as 500 football fields. When you look at it from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! The Eye also looks like a big round pizza with different-coloured parts. How did it come into being? Long ago, the ground under the sand started to rise. Then, wind and rain slowly broke down the soft rocks, leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 circles, and each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often sweep across it. The sand covers the rocks and makes them difficult to see. Also, few people know about this amazing place because it's far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks. They want to keep the rocks safe and stop the blowing sand from breaking them down. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor centre nearby to help more people know about the Eye of the Sahara. At the same time, they advise people to take measures to protect the rocks. 1. What does“500 football fields” in Paragraph 1 show? A．It shows how large the Eye is. B．It shows why the Eye is bright. C．It shows when the Eye appears. D．It shows where the Eye is in Africa. 2. Look at the pictures below. Which one best shows the Eye of the Sahara when looking at it from the sky? A． B． C． D． 3. What does the underlined word “conserve” most likely mean? A．Break down B．Hide C．Protect D．Change the colour 4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? A．The Eye of the Sahara is located in Africa. B．Wind and rain broke down the soft rocks long ago. C．The Eye of the Sahara is close to big cities. D．Scientists advise people to take measures to protect the rocks. 5. What is the passage mainly about? A．A natural wonder and its trouble. B．Building roads in the desert. C．A story of rocks. D．Different deserts around the world. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了非洲毛里塔尼亚沙漠中的自然奇观——撒哈拉之眼，包括它的大小、形成原因、面临的困境以及人们为保护它所做的努力。 【详解】1. 第一段明确提到：“It is as big as 500 football fields”，用500个足球场来形容撒哈拉之眼，说明它非常巨大，因此“500 football fields”展示的是撒哈拉之眼有多大。 2. 第一段指出：“When you look at it from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye”以及“The Eye also looks like a big round pizza with different-coloured parts”，还提到“The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside”，说明从天空看撒哈拉之眼像一个有不同颜色圆圈的巨大圆环，最大的圈在外面，小圈在里面，选项B图示符合描述。 3. 第三段提到：“Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks. They want to keep the rocks safe and stop the blowing sand from breaking them down”，说明科学家研究撒哈拉之眼是为了找到方法保护岩石，让岩石保持安全，因此“conserve”意为“保护”。 4. 第二段最后一句指出：“Also, few people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities”，说明撒哈拉之眼离大城市很远，而非靠近大城市，因此C选项“撒哈拉之眼靠近大城市”是不正确的。 5. 本文第一段介绍撒哈拉之眼这一自然奇观，第二段讲它面临的困境（沙尘暴、少有人知），第三段讲保护措施，因此本文主要讲述的是一个自然奇观及其面临的困境。 Passage 10 Research shows that kindness makes people feel happier. But why and how does it happen? Here are a number of different ways. Being kind can make someone smile. If you see yourself smile in a situation, people around you may be smiling, too. This is especially true for your close friends and family. A kind act (行为) makes someone who is sad feel better. It can also make ourselves feel good. Secondly, being kind starts or develops a social connection with others. Kind acts like buying someone a gift make friendships stronger. Research shows that spending money on others’ needs may help you get a stronger feeling of happiness than spending it on yourself. Then in another study, even children know how being kind makes them feel happy. If one person is kind, he or she makes others in the group kind. Imagine (设想) that you make cakes for the office and it makes others do it each month. Then you’re getting cakes a lot more days than giving them. The story doesn’t end here. ▲ Research also shows that if you’re in a good mood (心情), you can act much more kindly. This makes it a wonderful two-way relationship, doesn’t it? 1. What is the passage mainly about? A．How to make friends with others. B．How to stay in a good mood. C．How kindness makes people happier. D．How to help sad people. 2. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)? A．A smile. B．The situation. C．The family. D．A kind act. 3. What can make the friendship stronger according to Paragraph 3? A．Giving gifts to others. B．Spending money on ourselves. C．Smiling at family members. D．Making cakes every day. 4. Which sentence can be put in the blank ▲ in last Paragraph? A．Good moods never influence our life. B．Kindness and mood influence each other. C．People can always stay happy easily. D．Doing kind things wastes time. 5. What is the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要阐述了善良如何通过多种方式让人更快乐：善良能传递笑容、改善情绪、建立社交联结，还会形成 “善良带来好心情，好心情促进行善” 的双向正向循环。 【详解】1. 文章开头就点明 “善良能让人更快乐”，后续段落都是在解释善良如何通过不同方式带来快乐，故选C“善良如何让人更快乐”。 A、B、D都只是文章的局部内容，并非主旨。 2. 根据文章第二段“A kind act (行为) makes someone who is sad feel better. It can also make ourselves feel good.”可知，两个句子主语一致，“It”指代前文的“a kind act”。故选D善意的行为。 3. 第三段明确提到 “Kind acts like buying someone a gift make friendships stronger.（像给别人买礼物这样的善举能让友谊更牢固）”，故选A给他人买礼物。 4. 空处需要起到承上启下的作用。前文讲了 “善良带来快乐 / 友善”，后文讲 “好心情让人更友善”，两者是相互影响的关系，因此选 B “善良和心情会互相影响”,其他几项没有涉及。 5. 文章结构为总—分—总： ① 总起：提出 “善良让人快乐” 并引出下文； ②③④ 分述：三个不同的方式（传递微笑、建立联结、互相影响）； ⑤ 总结：形成双向关系，呼应开头。选项 A 的结构（①→②③④，②③④→⑤）符合 “总—分—总” 的逻辑。 Passage 11 We should have at least one fire extinguisher in our house or office building. However, it’s not enough to simply keep an extinguisher. The best way to solve a sudden fire is to study this guide carefully and always use it. ① Have a clear exit route (出口路线) Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you can’t put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit. And make sure everyone is out. ② Report the fire Although it seems to be easy to put out the fire, you should always have the firemen on the way. They can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out. ③ Use the extinguisher It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One way to help you remember how to use an extinguisher is to remember the four steps of the “PASS” process. ★ P—Pull: Pull the pin (保险销). ★ A—Aim (瞄准): Aim at the bottom of the fire. ★ S—Squeeze (挤压): Squeeze the handle (手柄). ★ S—Sweep: Sweep the nozzle (喷嘴) from side to side. ④ ▲ After the fire seems to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t begin burning again. If the fire starts up again, repeat the “PASS” process. ⑤ Get to a safe place Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, find a place out of reach of the fire. 1. What should you do first before using a fire extinguisher? A．Have a clear exit route. B．Pull the pin from the extinguisher. C．Report the fire to firemen. D．Sweep the nozzle from side to side 2. Why should you report the fire even if it seems easy to put out? A．Because firemen need to practice their skills. B．Because it is a legal requirement. C．Because the extinguisher might not work. D．Because firemen can double-check if the fire is completely out. 3. Which of the following is the correct order of the “PASS” process? A．②→①→④→③ B．③→②→④→① C．②→④→③→① D．③→①→④→② 4. Which is the best for “ ▲ ”? A．Look for a safe place B．Keep an eye on things C．Practice the “PASS” process D．Check the loss (损失) in the fire 5. What is the passage mainly about? A．How to deal with a fire. B．How to use an extinguisher. C．How to keep an extinguisher. D．How to prevent (预防) a big fire. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 【导语】本文介绍了在家庭或办公室使用灭火器的正确步骤，包括确保出口畅通、报警、使用“PASS”四步法以及事后观察等。 【详解】1. ①指出：“Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route.”，说明使用灭火器前应先确保有清晰的出口路线。 2. ②指出：“you should always have the firemen on the way. They can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.”，说明报警是为了让消防员确认火是否完全扑灭。 3. “PASS”四步顺序为：Pull（拔保险销）→ Aim（瞄准火源根部）→ Squeeze（挤压手柄）→ Sweep（左右扫射），对应图片②→④→③→①，因此C项正确。 4. ④指出：“After the fire seems to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t begin burning again.”，说明应持续观察火源区域，因此标题应为“Keep an eye on things”。 5. 全文围绕如何应对火灾展开，介绍了使用灭火器前后的注意事项和操作步骤。 Passage 12 Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometers in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. This means that it is one of the oldest places in the world. All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like — it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures, the desert will keep growing! 1. What does the word “vast” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Very old. B．Very large. C．Very dry. D．Very hot. 2. How old is the Sahara Desert? A．It is also at least 30 million years old. B．It is also at least 9 million years old. C．It is also at least 4.6 million years old. D．It is also at least 2 million years old. 3. According to the passage, which animals can live in the Sahara Desert? A．Camels and dogs. B．Fennec foxes and dogs. C．Camels and fennec foxes. D．Fennec foxes and horses 4. Which of the following statement is right from the passage? A．All deserts in the world are dry and hot, just like the Sahara. B．It is impossible for people to live in the Sahara Desert at all. C．The expansion of the Sahara Desert is completely caused by human activities. D．Some animals in the Sahara Desert have special features to deal with the hot weather. 5. Where is this passage most probably from? A．travel guide B．picture book C．notice D．storybook 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠基本概况，以及它的扩张及原因。 【详解】1. 根据第一段中“This vast desert... is about 9 million square kilometres in size.”可知，vast用来形容沙漠的面积约为900万平方公里，说明其非常巨大，因此意为“Very large”。 2. 根据第一段最后一句“It is also at least 4.6 million years old.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠至少有460万年的历史，直接对应选项C。 3. 根据第四段内容“Camels, for example... Fennec foxes live in the desert too.”可知，文中明确列举了骆驼（camels）和耳廓狐（fennec foxes）生活在撒哈拉沙漠。 4. 第四段“Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool.”提到动物有适应热天气的能力，如耳廓狐的大耳朵帮助身体保持凉爽。D选项正确。 5. 文章详细介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、面积、气候、地貌、生物及现状，旨在向读者全面介绍这一特定地点，符合旅游指南（travel guide）中介绍目的地背景信息的特征。 21 / 21乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $