Unit 5 Natual disasters 单元测试卷【A卷 ★ 对接新教材】 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

**基本信息** 本试卷为初中英语Unit 5“Natural disasters”单元复习卷，对接新教材，通过音标写词、词性转换、句型转换及读写综合等多样化题型，全面覆盖单元核心词汇与语法，注重语言能力与思维品质培养，适配单元复习巩固需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |根据音标写单词|8题|disaster相关词汇（如destroy, earthquake）|结合音标与主题语境，强化语音与词汇关联| |词性转换|多题|terrible/terribly, die/death等词形变化|系统考查词形转换，夯实语法基础| |写作|1题（约15分）|地震中室内外自我保护措施|以“防震减灾”为主题，情境真实，培养逻辑表达与跨文化安全意识|

Unit 5 Natual disasters单元测试卷 【A卷 ◆ 对接新教材】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） I. Complete the sentences with the phonetics (根据音标写单词，完成下列句子) 1. A sudden disaster can ______ /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ homes and change people's lives in an instant. 2. The ______ /faɪd/ washed away roads and crops. 3. After the ______ /ˈsɜːtʃweɪk/, rescuers rushed to pull survivors from the collapsed buildings. 4. The ______ /ˈterəbl/ thing about the disaster is that it left many children homeless. 5. After her ______ /deθ/, their lives changed forever. 6. The disaster's long-term ______ /ɪˈfekt/ includes a shortage of clean water and medical supplies. 7. The rescue work was hard and dangerous./eniwei/,all rescuers kept goingwithout rest. 8. Due to the ongoing disaster, the school decided to /'kaensl/ the upcoming sports meeting. II. Write the words according to their grammatical forms (根据词性要求写出单词) adj. 非常讨厌的；可怕的 adv. 非常糟地；严重地 n. 伤害；损伤 v. 伤害；使受伤 n. 死；死亡 v. 死亡；消失；灭亡 adj. 死的；枯萎的 adj. 临终的；临死的 v. 摧毁；破坏 n. 摧毁；破坏 n. 影响；作用 adj. 有效的；实际的 adj. 必要的；必需的 adj. 不必要的 adj. 电子的 n. 电子 v. 幸存 n. 幸存 n. 幸存者 adj. 迅速的；快速的；快捷的 adv. 迅速地；快速地；快捷地 v. 敦促；力劝 adj. 紧急的；急切的 III. Translate the following phrases into English (根据汉语写出英语词组) 1. 自然灾害 2. 一位海啸幸存者 3. 东非干旱 4. 以防停电 5. 风力正在加强 6. 本地新闻 7. 早期的征兆和成因 8. 敦促他们逃跑 9. 持续了一整夜 10. 救援工作 11. （火灾）发生 12. 把他们从睡梦中摇醒 13. 警告他们关于这次热浪 14. 吹倒数以百计的树木 15. 造成多人重伤和死亡 16. 重新整理他们的生活 17. 确保我们有足够的电池 18. 似乎破坏了几乎所有的一切 19. 在接下来的四天内烧毁这座城市 20. 第一次开始记录关于地震的信息 IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) 1. It is ______ for migratory birds to remain in one place all year, since their instinct drives them to follow the changing seasons. (nature) 2. The ______ of the shipwreck were rescued after drifting on a life raft for three days. (survive) 3. Deep below the Pacific lies an ______ valley that no submarine has ever reached. (exploration) 4. The ______ between the two brothers' handwriting often confuses their teachers. (similarly) 5. The terrible flood happened so suddenly that hundreds of families were left ______ in just one night. (home) 6. Months after the earthquake, the resilient villagers joined hands in ______ their shattered homes, brick by brick. (build) V. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) A. rapidly B. cover C. alarm D. exit E. rush F. praised Last Tuesday morning, our school held a fire drill. The fire 1.______ suddenly rang through the hallway. Our teacher immediately stood up and told us, “Don’t 2.______ — line up quietly by the door.” We moved 3______. down the stairs, keeping calm. After reaching the playground, the teacher reminded us to use our sleeves to 4.______ our noses — this is how we practise protecting ourselves from smoke in a real fire. After everyone gathered safely, the headmaster 5.______ us for following the rules well. This drill helped us remember what to do when danger comes. VI. Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改写句子,每空格限填一词) 1. A powerful earthquake hit the country on 12 January 2010.(为一般疑问句) _______________________________________________________________________. 2. The number of disasters has increased recently because of climate change. (划线部分提问) _______________________________________________________________________. 3. I was watching TV. The earthquake shook the building. (两句合为一句) _______________________________________________________________________. 4. I asked three students, " Does your school give you enough disastereducation?”(改为宾语从句) _______________________________________________________________________. 5. a huge number of, the cyclone, deaths and injuries, caused (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________________. VII. Translate the following sentences into English (将下列句子翻译成英文) 1. I don't agree that when an earthquake is happening, ______ (从建筑物里跑出来) is really dangerous. 2. Frequent rainstorms can ______ (引起洪水) and landslides. 3. ______ (一场强烈的地震摧毁) more than 3,000,000 homes. 4. About 1.5 million people were left homeless ______ (由于这次灾难). 5. The guard on the beach ______ (催促每个人) to run away. 6. The weather forecast says ______ (将会有) a typhoon tomorrow. . We should keep a flashlight and some candles at home ______ (以防断电) during a natural disaster. 8. When the hurricane is about to hit the coastal city, the meteorologists warn that the wind speed will ______ (迅速增强), so local residents must evacuate to safe places immediately. 9. After the flood hit the area, the rescue team warned people to ______ (远离) the swollen rivers and collapsed buildings to avoid further danger. 10. When preparing for an earthquake, we should pack essential supplies like water and first-aid kits, and remember to move to an open area ______ (如果有必要的话). VIII. Reading & Writing A. Natural disasters 31 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 32 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 33 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 34 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 35 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 36 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 37 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 38 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 39 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 40 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 31．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 32．A．plays B．played C．playing 33．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 34．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 35．A．give B．gave C．given 36．A．know B．knew C．will know 37．A．happen B．happening C．happened 38．A．good B．better C．best 39．A．saves B．save C．could save 40．A．be B．to be C．being B. 假如你是李华，小圈子英语角正在举行以“防震减灾，守护生命”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，写一篇英文短文投稿，谈谈我们应该如何在地震中进行自我保护。 How to protect ourselves in an earthquake Inside should stay away from windows and heavy furniture… shouldn’t jump from high buildings not take a lift Outside should move to clear areas keep away from tall buildings shouldn’t stand under trees… 要求: 1 参考提示内容，可适当发挥。 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整。 3.文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)。 4.词数：不少于80词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数) How to protect ourselves in an earthquake Earthquakes are very terrible. It is very important for us to know some ways to protect ourselves from the earthquakes. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________       1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natual disasters单元测试卷 【A卷 ◆ 对接新教材】 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） I. Complete the sentences with the phonetics (根据音标写单词，完成下列句子) 1. A sudden disaster can ______ /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ homes and change people's lives in an instant. 2. The ______ /faɪd/ washed away roads and crops. 3. After the ______ /ˈsɜːtʃweɪk/, rescuers rushed to pull survivors from the collapsed buildings. 4. The ______ /ˈterəbl/ thing about the disaster is that it left many children homeless. 5. After her ______ /deθ/, their lives changed forever. 6. The disaster's long-term ______ /ɪˈfekt/ includes a shortage of clean water and medical supplies. 7. The rescue work was hard and dangerous./eniwei/,all rescuers kept goingwithout rest. 8. Due to the ongoing disaster, the school decided to /'kaensl/ the upcoming sports meeting. II. Write the words according to their grammatical forms (根据词性要求写出单词) adj. 非常讨厌的；可怕的 adv. 非常糟地；严重地 n. 伤害；损伤 v. 伤害；使受伤 n. 死；死亡 v. 死亡；消失；灭亡 adj. 死的；枯萎的 adj. 临终的；临死的 v. 摧毁；破坏 n. 摧毁；破坏 n. 影响；作用 adj. 有效的；实际的 adj. 必要的；必需的 adj. 不必要的 adj. 电子的 n. 电子 v. 幸存 n. 幸存 n. 幸存者 adj. 迅速的；快速的；快捷的 adv. 迅速地；快速地；快捷地 v. 敦促；力劝 adj. 紧急的；急切的 III. Translate the following phrases into English (根据汉语写出英语词组) 1. 自然灾害 2. 一位海啸幸存者 3. 东非干旱 4. 以防停电 5. 风力正在加强 6. 本地新闻 7. 早期的征兆和成因 8. 敦促他们逃跑 9. 持续了一整夜 10. 救援工作 11. （火灾）发生 12. 把他们从睡梦中摇醒 13. 警告他们关于这次热浪 14. 吹倒数以百计的树木 15. 造成多人重伤和死亡 16. 重新整理他们的生活 17. 确保我们有足够的电池 18. 似乎破坏了几乎所有的一切 19. 在接下来的四天内烧毁这座城市 20. 第一次开始记录关于地震的信息 IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) 1. It is ______ for migratory birds to remain in one place all year, since their instinct drives them to follow the changing seasons. (nature) 2. The ______ of the shipwreck were rescued after drifting on a life raft for three days. (survive) 3. Deep below the Pacific lies an ______ valley that no submarine has ever reached. (exploration) 4. The ______ between the two brothers' handwriting often confuses their teachers. (similarly) 5. The terrible flood happened so suddenly that hundreds of families were left ______ in just one night. (home) 6. Months after the earthquake, the resilient villagers joined hands in ______ their shattered homes, brick by brick. (build) V. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次) A. rapidly B. cover C. alarm D. exit E. rush F. praised Last Tuesday morning, our school held a fire drill. The fire 1.______ suddenly rang through the hallway. Our teacher immediately stood up and told us, “Don’t 2.______ — line up quietly by the door.” We moved 3______. down the stairs, keeping calm. After reaching the playground, the teacher reminded us to use our sleeves to 4.______ our noses — this is how we practise protecting ourselves from smoke in a real fire. After everyone gathered safely, the headmaster 5.______ us for following the rules well. This drill helped us remember what to do when danger comes. VI. Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改写句子,每空格限填一词) 1. A powerful earthquake hit the country on 12 January 2010.(为一般疑问句) _______________________________________________________________________. 2. The number of disasters has increased recently because of climate change. (划线部分提问) _______________________________________________________________________. 3. I was watching TV. The earthquake shook the building. (两句合为一句) _______________________________________________________________________. 4. I asked three students, " Does your school give you enough disastereducation?”(改为宾语从句) _______________________________________________________________________. 5. a huge number of, the cyclone, deaths and injuries, caused (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________________. VII. Translate the following sentences into English (将下列句子翻译成英文) 1. I don't agree that when an earthquake is happening, ______ (从建筑物里跑出来) is really dangerous. 2. Frequent rainstorms can ______ (引起洪水) and landslides. 3. ______ (一场强烈的地震摧毁) more than 3,000,000 homes. 4. About 1.5 million people were left homeless ______ (由于这次灾难). 5. The guard on the beach ______ (催促每个人) to run away. 6. The weather forecast says ______ (将会有) a typhoon tomorrow. . We should keep a flashlight and some candles at home ______ (以防断电) during a natural disaster. 8. When the hurricane is about to hit the coastal city, the meteorologists warn that the wind speed will ______ (迅速增强), so local residents must evacuate to safe places immediately. 9. After the flood hit the area, the rescue team warned people to ______ (远离) the swollen rivers and collapsed buildings to avoid further danger. 10. When preparing for an earthquake, we should pack essential supplies like water and first-aid kits, and remember to move to an open area ______ (如果有必要的话). VIII. Reading & Writing A. Natural disasters 31 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 32 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 33 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 34 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 35 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 36 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 37 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 38 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 39 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 40 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 31．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 32．A．plays B．played C．playing 33．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 34．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 35．A．give B．gave C．given 36．A．know B．knew C．will know 37．A．happen B．happening C．happened 38．A．good B．better C．best 39．A．saves B．save C．could save 40．A．be B．to be C．being 【答案】 31．A 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．C 36．A 37．B 38．B 39．A 40．B 【导语】本文讲述近年来自然灾害愈发频繁，各国正完善预警系统，并强调人们应通过充分准备来降低灾害影响的故事。 31．句意：近年来，世界各地的自然灾害变得更加频繁和严重。 in recent years是现在完成时的标志，强调从过去到现在的变化，应用have become。became是一般过去时，are becoming是现在进行时，均不符合语境。 32．句意：科学家认为气候变化在这一令人担忧的趋势中扮演着重要角色。 主语climate change是单数，句子表达客观事实，应用一般现在时plays。played是一般过去时，playing不能单独作谓语，均不符。 33．句意：许多国家现在正在开发更好的预警系统，包括先进的天气监测技术，以保护人们免受潜在危险。 now体现“现阶段正在进行”的动作，应用现在进行时are developing。develop是一般现在时，developed是一般过去时，均不能体现“正在进行”的含义。 34．句意：当灾难突然来袭时，保持冷静、避免恐慌很重要。 时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，应用strikes。struck是一般过去时，will strike是一般将来时，均不符合语法规则。 35．句意：人们应立即遵循地方当局通过官方渠道发布的指示。 instructions和give是被动关系，需用过去分词given作后置定语，表示“被给出的指示”。give和gave不能体现被动含义，均不符。 36．句意：在一些高风险地区，学校定期进行地震和消防演练，以便学生在真正的紧急情况发生时确切知道该做什么。 so that引导目的状语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时know表“具备的能力”，比将来时更贴合语境。knew是一般过去时，will know是一般将来时，均不如know贴切。 37．句意：我们无法完全阻止自然灾害发生，但我们肯定可以通过充分准备来减少其影响。 固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，应用动名词happening。happen和happened不能跟在from后，均不符。 38．句意：准备一个包含基本物资的应急包，比等到最后一刻商店可能关门时再准备要好得多。 much后接比较级，且有than表对比，应用better。good是原级，best是最高级，均不符合比较语境。 39．句意：记住，今天做好准备会拯救你明天的生命，并保护你所爱的人。 动名词短语being prepared today作主语，谓语动词用单数，应用saves。save是原形，could save是过去将来时，均不符。 40．句意：让我们都通过制定家庭应急计划和了解当地风险，来学习为意外事件做好准备。 固定搭配learn to do sth.表示“学习做某事”，应用不定式to be。be和being不能跟在learn后，均不符。 B. 假如你是李华，小圈子英语角正在举行以“防震减灾，守护生命”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，写一篇英文短文投稿，谈谈我们应该如何在地震中进行自我保护。 How to protect ourselves in an earthquake Inside should stay away from windows and heavy furniture… shouldn’t jump from high buildings not take a lift Outside should move to clear areas keep away from tall buildings shouldn’t stand under trees… 要求: 1 参考提示内容，可适当发挥。 2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整。 3.文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)。 4.词数：不少于80词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数) How to protect ourselves in an earthquake Earthquakes are very terrible. It is very important for us to know some ways to protect ourselves from the earthquakes. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________       【答案】例文 How to protect ourselves in an earthquake Earthquakes are very terrible. It is very important for us to know some ways to protect ourselves from earthquakes. If we are inside a building when an earthquake happens, we should stay away from windows and heavy furniture at once. We can hide under a strong table and protect our heads. We mustn’t jump from high buildings or take the lift, because it’s really dangerous. If we are outside, we should move to clear and open areas quickly and keep away from tall buildings. We shouldn’t stand under trees. Besides, we should always keep calm in an earthquake. Keeping calm can help us make the right decisions to keep safe. 【详解】写作步骤 【第一步：审题立意】 确定文体：说明文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：地震发生时，室内外应该和不应做的事，保持冷静的心态 确定人称：第一人称we/us为主，直接给出建议时，可以用第二人称you 注意事项：必须覆盖表格内的所有要点，词数不少于80词，不得出现真实姓名、学校等个人信息 【第二步：构思布局】 三段式结构： 开头段：引出话题，点明主旨 主体段：介绍地震发生时，在室内外应该做和不应该做的事 结尾段：提醒要冷静行动，呼应开头 【第三步：要点展开】 要点一：室内 Should do: hide under a desk/protect your head with hands/keep away from heavy furniture/crouch down low等 Shouldn’t do: run around wildly/push others/stand near glass doors等 要点二：室外 Should do: go to open spaces/keep away from power poles/protect your head等 Shouldn’t do: stay near billboards/go back into buildings/stay near glass structures等 要点三：心态 keep a cool head/don’t panic/keep your mind clear/try not to be afraid等 【参考答案】 I. 根据音标写单词 1. destroy 2. flood 3. earthquake 4. terrible 5. death 6. effect 7. Anyway 8. cancel II. 根据词性写单词 1. terrible; terribly 2. injury; injure 3. death; die; dead; dying 4. destroy; destruction 5. effect; effective 6. necessary; unnecessary 7. electronic; electron 8. survive; survival; survivor 9. rapid; rapidly 10. urge; urgent III. 汉译英词组 1. natural disasters 2. a tsunami survivor 3. the drought in East Africa 4. in case of power failure 5. The wind is strengthening 6. local news 7. early signs and causes 8. urge them to run away 9. last all night 10. rescue work 11. break out 12. wake them up from their sleep 13. warn them about the heat wave 14. blow down hundreds of trees 15. cause many serious injuries and deaths 16. rebuild their lives 17. make sure we have enough batteries 18. seem to destroy almost everything 19. burn down the city in the next four days 20. start recording information about earthquakes for the first time IV. 词形填空 1. unnatural 2. survivors 3. unexplored 4. similarity 5. homeless 6. rebuilding V. 选词填空 1. C (alarm) 2. E (rush) 3. A (rapidly) 4. B (cover) 5. F (praised) VI. 句型转换 1. Did a powerful earthquake hit the country on 12 January 2010? 2. Why has the number of disasters increased recently? 3. I was watching TV when the earthquake shook the building. 4. I asked three students if/whether their school gave them enough disaster education. 5. The cyclone caused a huge number of deaths and injuries. VII. 句子翻译 1. running out of the building 2. cause floods 3. A strong earthquake destroyed 4. because of the disaster 5. urged everyone 6. there will be 7. in case of power cuts 8. increase rapidly 9. stay away from 10. if necessary 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $