Unit 5 Looking into nature期末考点梳理 2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研版八年级下册英语期末全考点梳理 Unit 5 Looking into nature 模块一：单元必背单词 一、核心基础单词 单词 音标 词性 中文 词形变形 考点 discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ v. 发现 discovery n. 发现；discoverer n. 发现者 discover/find/invent 辨析 scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ n. 科学家 science n. 科学；scientific adj. 科学的 人物职业后缀 -ist research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n./v. 研究；调查 researcher n. 研究者 do research on 做…… 研究 nature /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/ n. 大自然；本质 natural adj. 自然的 the beauty of nature 自然之美 observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v. 观察；遵守 observation n. 观察 observe sb. do/doing sth. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj./n. 耐心的；病人 patience n. 耐心 be patient with sb. object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物体；目标 objective adj. 客观的 everyday objects 日常物品 gravity /ˈɡrævəti/ n. 重力；地心引力 gravitational adj. 重力的 the force of gravity 重力 surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面；外表 - on the surface 表面上 universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 universal adj. 普遍的 the universe 宇宙 telescope /ˈtelɪskəʊp/ n. 望远镜 - look through a telescope 用望远镜看 microscope /ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp/ n. 显微镜 - under a microscope 在显微镜下 theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论 theoretical adj. 理论的 in theory 理论上 prove /pruːv/ v. 证明；证实 proof n. 证据 prove sth. to sb. ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 普通的；平常的 - ordinary people 普通人 amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的 amazed adj. 感到惊奇的 修饰物用 amazing naturalist /ˈnætʃrəlɪst/ n. 博物学家 nature n. 自然 a famous naturalist behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n. 行为；举止 behave v. 表现 animal behaviour 动物行为 intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 聪明的；有智慧的 intelligence n. 智慧 an intelligent animal connect /kəˈnekt/ v. 连接；联系 connection n. 联系 be connected to/with 二、易混单词辨析 易混词组 语法解析 例句 discover / invent / find discover：发现已存在但未知的事物；invent：发明创造新事物；find：找到丢失或隐藏的事物 Columbus discovered America. Edison invented the light bulb. I found my lost key. observe / watch / look observe：仔细观察（尤指科学观察）；watch：注视动态事物；look：看的动作 Scientists observe animal behaviour. I watch TV every day. Look at the blackboard. patient / patiently / patience patient adj. 耐心的；patiently adv. 耐心地；patience n. 耐心 Be patient! Wait patiently. You need patience. nature / natural nature n. 自然；natural adj. 自然的 The beauty of nature is amazing. It's natural to feel nervous. surface / appearance surface：表面（物理）；appearance：外貌（视觉） The surface of the water is smooth. Don't judge by appearance. ordinary / common ordinary：平凡的（无特别之处）；common：常见的（普遍存在） an ordinary day；a common name 模块二：单元必背短语 英文短语 中文释义 look into nature 探究自然 do research on 做关于…… 的研究 carry out an experiment 进行实验 draw a conclusion 得出结论 in the universe 在宇宙中 on the surface 在表面；表面上 the force of gravity 重力 under a microscope 在显微镜下 look through a telescope 用望远镜观察 be connected to/with 与…… 有联系 carry out 执行；实施 according to 根据 be known for 因…… 而闻名 be interested in 对…… 感兴趣 devote oneself to 致力于 in fact 事实上 in theory 理论上 day after day 日复一日 as a result 因此 lead to 导致 模块三：重点句型 句型公式 例句 解析 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. It is important for scientists to observe nature carefully. 对于科学家来说，仔细观察自然是很重要的。 It 作形式主语，for 引出逻辑主语 It takes/took + sb. + time + to do sth. It took Darwin many years to develop his theory. 达尔文花了很多年发展他的理论。 表示 “花费时间做某事” The + 比较级，the + 比较级 The more you observe, the more you will discover. 你观察得越多，发现就越多。 越……，越…… so/such...that... It was such an amazing discovery that the world was shocked. 这是一个如此惊人的发现，以至于全世界都震惊了。 so + adj. + that；such + n. + that not...until... He didn't stop his research until he proved his theory. 他直到证明了自己的理论才停止研究。 直到…… 才…… used to do / be used to doing He used to be a teacher, but now he is used to doing research. 他过去是一名教师，但现在习惯了做研究。 used to 表示过去习惯；be used to doing 表示习惯于 模块四：语法精讲 语法 1：现在完成时 一、基本结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my research. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 He hasn't observed the cells yet. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you ever seen a cell under a microscope? 二、与一般过去时的对比 时态 用法 时间标志词 例句 一般过去时 过去发生的动作（已完成，与现在无关） yesterday, last year, in 2020, two days ago Darwin published his book in 1859. 现在完成时 过去发生的动作与现在有联系（结果 / 影响 / 持续） already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for Scientists have discovered many new species. 三、现在完成时的不规则动词 原形 过去式 过去分词 discover discovered discovered observe observed observed prove proved proved/proven find found found see saw seen do did done go went gone make made made 语法 2：动词不定式作宾语、状语和主语 功能 结构 例句 作宾语 want/decide/hope/try + to do He wants to become a scientist. 作目的状语 in order to do / to do She observed the cells to find the truth. 作主语 To do + is + adj./n. To discover new things is exciting. 语法 3：被动语态（一般现在时和一般过去时） 一、基本结构 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时被动 am/is/are + 过去分词 The research is done by scientists. 一般过去时被动 was/were + 过去分词 The theory was proved by Darwin. 二、主动与被动转换 主动语态 被动语态 Scientists discover new species every year. New species are discovered every year. Newton discovered gravity. Gravity was discovered by Newton. 模块五：单元高频错题 错误句子 正确句子 解析 Edison discovered the light bulb. Edison invented the light bulb. discover 发现已有事物；invent 创造新事物 He is enough patient to wait. He is patient enough to wait. enough 修饰形容词必须后置 I used to getting up early. I used to get up early. used to do 表示过去习惯；be used to doing 表示习惯于 The book was wrote by Darwin. The book was written by Darwin. 被动语态要用过去分词 He is interesting in nature. He is interested in nature. be interested in 对…… 感兴趣 More you observe, more you find. The more you observe, the more you find. the + 比较级，the + 比较级结构 The discovery was so amazing for all scientists to be surprised. The discovery was so amazing that all scientists were surprised. so...that... 表示 “如此…… 以至于……” He went to bed until he finished his research. He didn't go to bed until he finished his research. not...until... 表示 “直到…… 才……” 单元限时综合检测卷 一、单项选择（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，计 15 分） 1. —Who ______America? —Columbus did. A. invented B. discovered C. found D. looked for 2. It is important for scientists ______ nature carefully. A. observe B. observing C. observed D. to observe 3. ______ you ever ______ a cell under a microscope? A. Did; see B. Have; seen C. Do; see D. Are; seeing 4. Newton ______ the force of gravity in the 17th century. A. discovered B. has discovered C. discovers D. will discover 5. The light bulb ______ by Thomas Edison. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 6. He used to ______ in the countryside, but now he is used to ______ in the city. A. live; live B. living; living C. live; living D. living; live 7. The ______ you read, the ______ you will understand. A. more; more B. much; much C. most; most D. many; many 8. It ______ Darwin about five years to develop his theory. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. took 9. Please be ______. The baby is sleeping. A. patient B. impatient C. patience D. patiently 10. —Have you ______ been to the science museum? —No, I've ______ been there. A. ever; ever B. never; ever C. ever; never D. never; never 11. Many new species ______ in the rainforest every year. A. discover B. are discovered C. discovered D. were discovered 12. He didn't stop his research ______ he proved his theory. A. because B. after C. when D. until 13. —What are you doing? —I am ______ the behaviour of ants. A. looking B. watching C. observing D. seeing 14. The theory of evolution ______ by Charles Darwin. A. put forward B. was put forward C. is put forward D. puts forward 15. —______ did it take you to finish the experiment? —About three months. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far 二、完形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，计 15 分） Charles Darwin was a great British naturalist. He is famous for his theory of evolution (进化论). When he was young, he was 16______ in nature. He 17______ to observe plants and animals carefully. In 1831, Darwin 18 ______ a five-year journey around the world on a ship called the Beagle. During the journey, he 19______ many different kinds of animals and plants. He found that some species (物种) 20______ from place to place. This made him think deeply. After he returned to England, Darwin 21______ many years studying his collections. He 22 ______ worked on his research day after day. In 1859, he published (出版) his famous book On the Origin of Species. The book 23______ that species change over time. At first, many people did not accept his theory. But 24______ , more and more scientists agreed with him. Today, Darwin's theory is 25______ one of the most important scientific theories in history. 16. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. interests 17. A. refused B. hated C. forgot D. loved 18. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid 19. A. made B. invented C. created D. discovered 20. A. similar B. same C. different D. difficult 21. A. cost B. spent C.took D. paid 22. A. careful B. careless C. carefully D. carelessly 23. A. said B. told C. spoke D. talked 24. A. actually B. gradually C. luckily D. suddenly 25. A. considers B. considering C. consider D. considered 三、阅读理解（共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，计 20 分） A Famous Scientists and Their Discoveries Scientist Nationality Field Major Contribution Isaac Newton British Physics Law of Gravity Charles Darwin British Biology Theory of Evolution Marie Curie Polish-French Chemistry Radioactivity (放射性) Albert Einstein German-American Physics Theory of Relativity Jane Goodall British Biology Chimpanzee Behaviour Interesting Facts: Newton discovered gravity when he saw an apple fall from a tree. Darwin spent 20 years developing his theory before publishing it. Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize (诺贝尔奖). Einstein's famous formula is E=mc². Jane Goodall lived with chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Africa for over 60 years. 26. Who is known for the law of gravity? A. Charles Darwin. B. Albert Einstein. C. Marie Curie. D. Isaac Newton. 27. What is Marie Curie famous for? A. The theory of evolution. B. Radioactivity. C. The theory of relativity. D. Chimpanzee behaviour. 28. How long did it take Darwin to develop his theory? A. 5 years. B. 10 years. C. 20 years. D. 60 years. 29. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Einstein was a British scientist. B. Marie Curie won a Nobel Prize. C. Newton discovered gravity by telescope. D. Jane Goodall studied plants in Africa. 30. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Famous scientists and their discoveries. B. How to become a scientist. C. The importance of science. D. Different scientific fields. B Have you ever looked at a drop of water under a microscope? If you have, you would be amazed. A tiny drop of pond water is full of life. You can see many small living things moving around. One of the most famous scientists who looked into the microscopic world was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). He was a Dutch businessman. But in his free time, he made microscopes. His microscopes were very simple. They had only one lens (镜片). But they were very powerful. They could magnify (放大) things up to 300 times. Leeuwenhoek was curious about everything. He looked at pond water, tooth scrapings, and even his own blood. In 1674, he became the first person to see bacteria (细菌). He called them "animalcules" (微小动物). He also discovered red blood cells and sperm cells. Leeuwenhoek wrote many letters to the Royal Society in London. At first, the scientists there did not believe him. They thought he was making things up. But later, other scientists used his microscopes and saw the same things. Then they believed him. Today, Leeuwenhoek is called "the Father of Microscopy" (显微镜学之父). His discoveries opened a whole new world to science. He showed us that there is a universe of life too small for our eyes to see. 31. What can you see under a microscope according to the passage? A. Stars and planets. B. The surface of the moon. C. The force of gravity. D. Small living things. 32. What did Leeuwenhoek do for a living? A. He was a businessman. B. He was a scientist. C. He was a teacher. D. He was a doctor. 33. What was Leeuwenhoek's discovery in 1674 according to the passage? A. Red blood cells. B. Sperm cells. C. Bacteria. D. The microscope. 34. Why did the scientists in London not believe Leeuwenhoek at first? A. Because his microscopes were broken. B. Because they thought he was making things up. C. Because they were jealous of him. D. Because he didn't write letters. 35. What is the best title for the passage? A. The History of Microscopes B. The Royal Society in London C. How to Use a Microscope D. Leeuwenhoek: The Father of Microscopy 四、任务型阅读（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，计 10 分） There are many amazing ways to look into nature. Here are three interesting methods that scientists use. Method 1: Observing with the naked eye (肉眼) Sometimes the best way to study nature is just to watch carefully. Jane Goodall, a famous scientist, used this method to study chimpanzees. She spent many years living in the forest in Africa. She watched chimpanzees day after day. She found that they use tools (工具), just like humans do. This changed the way we think about animals. Method 2: Looking through a microscope A microscope can make tiny things look very big. With a microscope, scientists can see cells (细胞), bacteria, and other tiny living things. Robert Hooke, an English scientist, was the first person to use the word "cell". He looked at a piece of cork (软木) under a microscope and saw many small boxes. He called them cells. Method 3: Using a telescope A telescope can make faraway things look closer. Astronomers (天文学家) use telescopes to study the universe. Galileo Galilei was the first person to use a telescope to look at the sky. In 1610, he saw that Jupiter (木星) has four moons. This proved that not everything goes around the Earth. 根据短文内容，完成下列题目 Method Scientist Discovery Observing with naked eye Jane Goodall 36. ____________ 37. ____________ Robert Hooke Used the word "cell" Using a telescope 38.____________ Jupiter has four moons 39. What does a microscope help scientists see? ____________________________________________ 40. Why was Galileo's discovery important? ____________________________________________ 五、补全对话（共 5 空，每空 1 分，计 5 分） A: Hi, Mike! You look excited. What's up? B: 41 ____________ A: A microscope? That's cool! What are you going to do with it? B: 42 ____________ A: Really? What do you want to observe? B: 43 ____________ A: That sounds interesting. Is it difficult to use a microscope? B: 44 ____________ A: Well, I'd like to have a look too. Can I join you? B: 45 ____________ A. I want to look at some pond water. B. I'm going to observe small living things. C. My parents just bought me a microscope. D. Of course! Let's do it together after school. E. Not really. I'll show you how to use it. 六、词形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，计 10 分） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 46. The ______ (discover) of DNA changed biology forever. 47. She is very ______ (patience) and never gets angry. 48. The students watched the experiment ______ (careful). 49. Many new species ______ (find) by scientists every year. 50. He spent his whole life ______ (study) animal behaviour. 51. It is important ______ (observe) nature carefully. 52. The book ______ (write) by Charles Darwin is very famous. 53. ______ (nature) things are often more beautiful than man-made ones. 54. She showed great ______ (patient) when she taught the children. 55. I have never ______ (see) such an amazing view. 七、句型转换（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，计 10 分） 按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。 56. Scientists discovered many new species in the rainforest. (改为被动语态) Many new species ______ ______ in the rainforest by scientists. 57. He spent two years writing the book. (改为同义句，用 It takes...) ______ him two years ______ write the book. 58. He is so patient that he can wait for a long time. (改为同义句，用 enough) He is patient ______ ______ wait for a long time. 59. Darwin published his book in 1859. (改为现在完成时) Darwin ______ ______ his book. 60. The discovery is amazing. (改为感叹句) ______ ______ amazing discovery it is! 八、书面表达（15 分） 探究自然需要好奇心、耐心和科学方法。请你以 Looking into nature 为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你如何探究自然。 写作要点： (1) 你对自然探究的看法； (2) 你曾经观察过的一种自然现象 / 生物； (3) 你从这次观察中学到了什么； (4) （可选）结合所学知识，谈谈科学探究的重要性。 要求： 语句通顺、语法正确、书写工整、词数 80-100 词。 参考答案 一、单项选择 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C 11.B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A 二、完形填空 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 三、阅读理解 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 四、任务型阅读 36. Chimpanzees use tools. 37. Looking through a microscope 38. Galileo Galilei 39. Cells, bacteria, and other tiny living things. 40. Because it proved that not everything goes around the Earth. 五、补全对话 41.C 42. B 43. A 44. E 45. D 六、词形填空 46. discovery 47. patient 48. carefully 49. are found 50. studying 51. to observe 52. written 53. Natural 54. patience 55. seen 七、句型转换 56. were discovered 57. It took; to 58. enough to 59. has published 60. What an 八、书面表达 Looking into Nature Looking into nature is a wonderful way to learn about our world. I think everyone should try it because nature is full of surprises. Last summer, I observed ants in my garden. I watched them carry food back to their home. They worked together in a line. When they met a small stone, they went around it patiently. I was amazed by how hard they worked and how they helped each other. From this observation, I learned that even small creatures have their own ways of living. I also learned to be patient when I do research. Looking into nature helps us understand the world better and protect our environment. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $