专题8 谓语动词的时态-【中考对策】2026年中考总复习英语（外研版）

专题八谓语 考点①一般现在时 1.构成和标志词 be动词：am/is/are 构成 实义动词：动词原形或动词第三人称单数 频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes, never,seldom,hardly 标志词 频度短语：once a week,wice a month等 其他短语：every day/,week/month/year,in the morning,on weekends,on Monday/ Tuesday等 2.用法 用法 例句 表示现阶段经常性或习惯He often goes to school by 性的动作或状态，常与频bike. 度副词或短语连用 他经常骑自行车去上学。 The sun rises in the east. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 太阳从东方升起。 If he comes tomorrow,I'll if,unless等引导条件状tell him about it.. 语从句和as soon as,when如果他明天来，我就会告 等引导时间状语从句时，诉他这件事。 从句常用一般现在时表示When I grow up,I'll be a 将来 nurse. 当我长大后，我要 成为一名护士。 go,come,leave,arrive The train leaves at six 动词常用一般现在时表示 tomorrow morning. 计划、安排好的将要发生 火车明天早上六点发车。 的动作 3.动词第三人称单数 变化规则 例词 般在动词原形后加-s run→runs,like→likes teach→teaches,wash→washes, 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾 g0→goes,pass→passes, 的动词后加-es fix→fixes 以辅音字母加y结尾 的动词，先将y变为i,study-→studies,cay→carries 再加-es 岳动词的时态 即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·福建莆田二模)一Who0 will be the next winner? -It must be David.He always (finish)the task perfectly. 2.(2024·宿迁)To make our hometown more beautiful,we (plant)many trees and flowers every year. 3.(2025·河北衡水一模)Our teacher told us that sound travel)faster in water than in air. 4.(2025·南京联合体二模改编)If someone (feel)too much eco-anxiety,it can turn into a kind of fear.Nothing is good when it becomes too extreme(极端). 5.He wondered why Jim send)letters to Ms.Grey every September. 6.Look at the timetable.The flight to Shanghai (leave)at 10 o'clock.That's to say, he's leaving in two hours. 7.(2024·上饶玉山县一模)-Tomorrow will be Father's Day.What will you do for your father? -I will say“I love you,Daddy'”as soon as he (wake)up. 考点2.一般过去时 1.构成和标志词 构成be动词：was/were或实义动词：动词过去式 yesterday:yesterday,the day before yesterday, yesterday morning等 last短语：last week/month/year/term/spring/ Monday等 标志词ago短语：a moment ago,..hours/days/wecks// months/years ago等 其他：just now,in+过去的年代，in the past, in the old days,once upon a time,at that time, at the age of...,the other day 153 2.用法 用法 例句 表示过去某个时间发 I bought a dress yesterday 生的动作或状态 昨天我买了一条连衣裙。 表示过去一段时间内 Mrs.Green always carried an 经常或反复发生的 umbrella.格林太太过去总是 动作 带着一把伞。 He has studied very hard since since引导时间状语 he came to our school. 从句时，从句常用 自从他来到我们学校，他学习 般过去时 就非常努力。 有的句子中没有过去 I was born in this village 的时间状语，但实际 我出生在这个村庄。 上指过去发生的事情 3.动词过去式 过去式的变化规则见：本专题考点3现在完 成时。 考点3现在完成时 1.构成和标志词 构成 have/has+过去分词 already,yet,just,ever,never,before,so far,for+一段时间，since+过去的时间点 标志词 从句，recently,in/during the past/last+ 段时间，up to now,by now等 2.用法 用法 例句 表示过去发生的动作 Someone has broken the 对现在造成的影响或 window. 有人把窗户打破了。 结果 表示过去已经开始，持 He has been busy since last 续到现在的动作或 week.自从上个星期以来他 状态 直很忙。 3.延续性动词和短暂性动词 短暂性动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能 与一段时间连用。如果与一段时间连用，短暂 性动词要转换成延续性动词。 他买这辆车已有三个月了。→ 154 (x)He has bought this car for three months. (V)He has had this car for three months. 短暂性动词→延续性动词 buy→have borrow-→keep die→be dead marry-→be married begin,/start-→beon finish→be over join->be in/a member of become→be leave+-地点→ arrive in(at)/get to/reach be away from+地点 >be in open→be open close→be closed fall asleep-→be asleep fall ill-→be ill 4.have been to,have gone to have been in （见本书第一编) 5.过去式和过去分词 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 work->worked→vorked, 在动词原形后加-ed stay→stayed-→stayed 以不发音的字母e结尾的live-lived->lived, 动词，直接加-d close-→closed→closed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动carry-→carried-→carried, 词，先将y变为i,再加-ed study-→studied→studied 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾 只有一个辅音字母的动词， stop→stopped-→stopped, plan→planned-→planned 双写该辅音字母，再加-ed (2)不规则变化 类型 例词 put->put→put, AAA型 hurt→hurt→hurt, (原形=过去式=过去分词) read→read→read ABB型 keep→kept→kept, spend→spent-→spent, (过去式=过去分词) sleep→slept-→slept ABA型 come→came→come, (原形=过去分词) un→ran→un do→did→done, ABC型 go→went→gone, know→knew→known 6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时 一般过去时 构成have/has+过去分词 过去式 表示过去的动作对现只表示动作在过去 在的影响，或到现在为某个特定时间发生， 用法 止这个动作可能结束不强调动作对现在 也可能继续下去 的影响 since-+过去的年份 in+过去的年份 易混时 since+一段时间+ago ,段时间+ago 间状语 Just just now 。即学即练 I.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·福建改编)Harbin (hold) the 9th Asian Winter Games successfully in February 2025. 2.(2025·云南)The film Ne Zha2 is worth seeing.I (see)it three times so far. 3.(2025·上海崇明区二模)The boy seems very confident,because he （give)many speeches in public before. 4.（2025·镇江丹徒区一模)Robots impress)the whole world with the Yangko dance since this year's Spring Festival Gala. 5.（2025·厦门二模改编)I send)an e-mail to my pen pal three days ago,but I not receive)any reply yet.I'm starting to worry if she didn't get my message. 6.-Who (break)the window?The glass is everywhere,and we can't have class here. -What a mess!Let's clean it first. 7.(2025·河北衡水一模)Jeff is a famous writer. He write)many good stories for children. 8.(2025·阜阳界首市一模改编)The apple fall)from the tree and hit Newton on the head. 9.(2024·牡丹江)-Would you like something to eat,Mr.Song? -No,thanks.I'm not hungry.I (eat)some zongzi already. 10.(2025·江西上饶二模)一Have you seen him today? -Yes,I (see)him this morning. 11.Kunming change)a lot in the past few years.It is more and more beautiful now. 12.(2025·江西南昌二模)The book must be great.My brother read)it many times. Ⅱ.翻译句子 1.（2025·宿迁宿豫区二模改编)我的叔叔离开 家乡两年了。 2.你买这个房子多久了？ 3.我的儿子已经参军两年了。 4.她的丈夫去世三个月了。 5.电影已经开始10分钟了。 考点④现在进行时 1.构成和标志词 构成 am/is/are+现在分词 标志词now,at the moment,.look,listen等 2.用法 用法 例句 表示此时此刻正在发 She is singing in the room now. 生的动作 现在她正在房间里唱歌。 表示现阶段正在进行 We are preparing for the party these days..这些天我们一直在 的动作 准备聚会的事情。 go,come,leave,start They are leaving for New York 等动词用现在进行时 tomorrow 表示将来的动作 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。 3.现在分词的构成 变化规则 例词 在动词后加-ing read→reading 155 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去 live→living, 掉e,再加-ing write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾 sit→sitting, 只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音 shop→shopping, 字母后再加-ing begin→beginning 以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再 die→dying, lie→lying, 加-ing tie→tying 考点⑤过去进行时 00金000000000000金0 1.构成和标志词 构成 was/were+-现在分词 at this time yesterday,at that time,at+点钟+ 标志词yesterday/last night,from nine to ten last night, at that moment,then等 2.用法 用法 例句 I was watching TV at nine 表示过去某个时刻或 阶段正在进行的动作 o'clock last night. 昨天晚上九点我在看电视。 We were having dinner when 表示一个动作发生时， they came. 另一个动作正在进行， 当他们来时，我们正在吃饭。 常与when,while连用 He fell down while he was riding his bike 他骑自行车时摔倒了。 如果主要动作和背景We were cleaning the house 动作同时发生或都是 while the children were sleeping 延续的，主从句都用过 当孩子们在睡觉时，我们正在 去进行时 打扫房子。 。即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·成都)-Tina,the phone (ring).Can you answer it? -Sure,Mom. 2.(2025·阜阳界首市一模)Listen!The band perform)their new song on stage right now. 3.(2025·上海宝山区二模)What you (do)at eight o'clock yesterday morning, Judy? 156 4.(2025·扬州仪征市二模)While we (have)dinner,the power suddenly went out. 5.(2025·江西景德镇二模改编)m sorry that I not answer)your phone just now.I (drive)at that time. 6.(2025·无锡江阴市二模)-Why didn't you open the door for me,Tom? 一I study)for the exam in my bedroom,so I didn't hear the knock. 7.(2025·江苏连云港二模改编)一Jack is busy (pack）luggage.. -Yes,he (leave）for America on vacation. 8.-I didn't see you in the dining hall.But you said you (come)! -I am really sorry about that.I help)Mr.Zhang carry books then 9.Several men in black drink)when the police came into the restaurant. 10.-Someone_ sing)in the next room. Do you know who he is? -I don't know.Let's have a look. 考点6一般将来时 0444445040450400 1.构成和标志词 构成 wil/shall/be going to-+动词原形 tomorrow类：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow, tomorrow afternoon等 next短语：next week/month//year等 标志词 其他：in+一段时间/将来的年份，in the future,soon,how soon,someday,from now on等 2.用法 用法 例句 表示将来某个时间将要They will ride a horse next 发生的动作或状态 week.他们下周要去骑马。 “be going to”结构表示计He is going to see Mr.Wang 划、打算做某事或有某种tomorrow.他打算明天去看 迹象表明将要发生的事 望王先生。 The plane is about to take be about to do sth.表示of,and we must hurry up. 即将发生的动作 飞机就要起飞了，我们必须 快点儿。 注意》There be句型的一般将来时为There will beThere is/are going to beo There will be a football match in our school tomorrow. =There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow 明天我们学校将有一场足球赛。 考点7过去将来时 构成would或was/were going to-+动词原形 表示过去将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用 用法 于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。 He said that he would wait for us at the bus stop 例句 他说他要在公共汽车站等我们。 即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2025·甘肃定西市一模改编)The weather report doesn't say whether it (rain) tomorrow. 2.(2025·福建三明二模改编)一Why does our country build Wolong Nature Reserve(保护区)？ -We must protect the pandas,or they die)out in a few years. 3.(2024·无锡梁溪区一模)Betty promised that she (give)me a present if I finished the extra work. 4.(2025·河北衡水一模改编)If you go around China,you (know）more about its culture. 5.I didn't know whether he (lend)me his book the next morning. 6.(2025·南京建邺区二模)The photos of our school camping trip put)on our school website next Monday. 7.-We go)to Hebei Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday. -That's amazing. 考点8过去完成时 1.构成和标志词 构成 had+过去分词 标志词 by+过去的时间（如：by yesterday,by last week 等)，by then,by the end of(last..) 2.用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作 发生之前已经完成的动作。过去完成时表示的 时间是“过去的过去”。过去完成时常用于宾语 从句或before,after,when,by the time等引导 的时间状语从句中。 When I arrived,Ann had just left. 当我到达的时候，安刚刚离开。 Tom said that he had read the novel. 汤姆说他已经读过那本小说。 。即学即练用所给词的适当形式填空 1.-Lily was late again this morning.Mr.Wang was very angry with her. -Yes.By the time she hurried into the classroom,the bell (ring). 2.Rose and Minnie (know）each other before they worked in the same bank. 3.Mrs.Wan 、 teach)me a lot since she came here. 4.(2025·厦门二模改编)一1 (lose) the speech competition.I'm feeling down. -Cheer up,son!I know exactly how you feel and I believe you can make it next time. 5.Tom realized that he leave)his physics book at home when he reached school. 6.-I'm so nervous about the coming competition. -Don't worry.I'm sure you'll get a good place. After all,you (prepare)well for it. 157 专题精练 I.用所给词的适当形式填空 years ago. 1.（2025·云南改编)My family 12.(2025·哈尔滨虹桥中学二模)一D0you make)a birthday cake for my grandmother know if we （go)to the movie last Sunday tomorrow? 2.(2025·苏州改编)I never -I think we'll go if we not have) (regret)choosing to be kind,even when it was much homework. not easy 13.(2025·上海闵行区二模)Terry met his 3.(2025·江西)t rain)heavily.We favorite singer while he visit)the are going to get all wet walking outside. radio station. 4.(2025·白银)-Cindy,my sunglasses are on 14.(2025·泸州市泸县一模改编)-Well done, the floor and they are broken.What happened? boys and girls!You make)great -Sorry,dear.I don't know.I progress in the last three years. cook)in the kitchen then. -Thank you,Mr.Li! 5.(2025·江西)-Lisa,your shoes are dirty. 15.(2025·上海闵行区二模)Betty will clean -Oh,just leave them there,Mom.I her room as soon as she (finish)her (wash)them with my clothes. homework 6.（2025·新疆改编)一What's your most 16.（2025·福建南平二模)一How's grandma? unforgettable experience? -She take)the medicine and feels -I (hurt)my knee a year ago. much better now 7.(2024·南京)Most people agree that smart Ⅱ.语法填空 technology become)a big part of A society so far. George Reeder,63,has been given a bravery 8.(2025·龙东地区)The bird heard the sound of certificate()because of saving the life of a the cars and (fly)away. baby. 9.(2025·上海青浦区二模)Ladies and It was a cold and windy morning.The local gentlemen,may I have your attention,please? harbor(海港)master,George Reeder,1. The plane take)off in 15 minutes. do)his daily work when he heard a noise.On 10.(2025·福建泉州二模)一Hey,Ben.This is the other side of the harbor,some people were Alex. shouting,so he went there quickly by bicycle. —Sory,Ben drive)on the road. "What's the matter?Why 2. they He will call you back later. (shout)?"George Reeder wondered 11.(2025·成都金牛区一模改编)The panda- while he was riding there. themed railway station in Chengdu “Help！Help my baby！”A woman was win )popularity among visitors since it screaming(高声喊)，“My baby3. put)into use one and a half (be)in the buggy(婴儿车)in the sea.” 158 Mr.Reeder looked at the sea and saw a baby's buggy in the deep freezing cold water.The strong wind had blown the buggy into the sea.Mr. Reeder quickly 4. (decide)to do something. "I went over and saw that the buggy was upside down...and I jumped in,"said Mr.Reeder.He pulled the buggy over to the sea wall.Then some other people came to help.They tied a rope to the buggy and managed to pull it out of the water and to safety. Tanya Allen,a nurse who was passing by, gave the baby CPR(心肺复苏术)and was able to get him to breathe again.Then an air ambulance helicopter(急救直升机)arrived and the baby was taken to the hospital. After he 5. (finish)helping the baby,Mr.Reeder went home.A little later,the baby's grandfather went to his house and said, "Thanks a lot for what you 6. (do). The boy is out of danger.He 7. (leave) the hospital in two days."Mr.Reeder was very happy to hear that.He said,"I'm just glad I could help."Mr.Reeder also advised the government 8. （put)up some signs to warn the people not to walk along the seafront in very windy weather. B Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart( 赛车)to enter for the Go-Go Race.So she asked her dad for help. “Well,”he said.“How about this:Do some research first and then come back to me with a design.I believe you 1. do)a good job for it.” A week later,Sally 2. bring)her notes and drawings to Dad.She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”.Dad looked over her work, thinking."Well,that's interesting,"he said. "Have a try.Just build Blue Lightning as you 0 (design)before.” Over three weekends of hard work,Sally turned her design into a real,working go-kart and painted it light blue.Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.Sally agreed. After she did that,Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,”she said.“Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive." “Oh,do you?”he said.“Please share.” "When I drove fast,there was a lot of pushback(阻力)stopping me,”she said.“I think it's because of the lightning bolt(闪电) shape.” “Very good！You4. walk)on the way to success now,my daughter!"Dad said. "So,why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place?"Sally asked. Dad laughed."Where's the fun in that?If you give a man a fish,he 5. (eat)for a day.But if you teach a man to fish,he'll eat for a lifetime..” Sally said,"I see.Anyway,designing is half the fun！” Dad smiled."Good.Sometimes,learning 6. happen)during the process.We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way." Sally 7. (encourage)by her father's words and she worked even harder. Finally came the race.While Sally 8. (show)her new go-kart,her dad stood there proudly.Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win-in her mind,she had already won,by building something better than ever before. 159专题精练 I.1.can 2.needn't 3.can't 4.may 5.must 6.should 7.must 8.may 9.mustn't 10.could 11.needn't II.1.look through 2.look up 3.looking forward to 4.look after 5.look for 6.put up 7.give up 8.stayed up 9.shown up 10.picked up 11.make up II.1.to cut down 2.fell asleep 3.give away 4.pay attention to protecting 5.You'd better list IV. A 1.introduce 2.started 3.practice 4.improve 5.laughed at 6.giving up 7.have 8.received 9.teaches 10.wishing B 1.ask 2.searching 3.managed 4.wait 5.filled 6.looked through 7.described 8.keeping 9.forget 10.reminded ◆专题八谓语动词的时态◆ 11.finishes 2.plant 3.travels 4.feels 5.sent 6.leaves 7.wakes 考点2I.l.held2.have seen3.has given 3 4.have impressed 5.sent;haven't received 6.has broken 7.has written 8.fell 9.have eaten 10.saw 11.has changed 12.has read II.1.My uncle has been away from his hometown for two years. 2.How long have you had the house? 3.My son has been in the army for two years. 4.Her husband has been dead for three months. 5.The movie has been on for ten minutes. 4 1.is ringing 2.is performing 3.were;doing 5 4.were having 5.didn't answer;was driving 6.was studying 7.packing;is leaving 8.would come;was helping 9.were drinking 10.is singing 考点61.will rain2.will die3.would give 考点74.will know5.would lend6.will be put 7.will go 考点81.had rung2.had known3.has taught 4.have lost 5.had left 6.have prepared 专颧精练 I.1.made 2.have;regretted 3.is raining 4.was cooking 5.will wash 6.hurt 7.has become 8.flew 9.will take 10.is driving 2 11.has won;was put 12.will go;don't have 13.was visiting 14.have made 15.finishes 16.has taken Ⅱ. A 1.was doing 2.are;shouting 3.is 4.decided 5.had finished 6.have done 7.will leave 8.to put B 1.can/will do 2.brought 3.have designed 4.are walking 5.will eat 6.happens 7.was encouraged 8.was showing ◆专题九被动语态◆ 专题精练 I.1.are held 2.will be used 3.was shown 4.be found 5.has been taken 6.was written 7.is invited 8.be cleaned 9.training/to be trained 10.will be built 11.listening 12.to wash II.1.am moved 2.was scared 3.have been admired 4.will be sent 5.be tied 6.agreed 7.be thrown 8.was found 9.have hurt 10.will promise ◆专题十动词的非谓语形式◆ 专题精练 I.1.to volunteer;to join 2.growing 3.to protect 4.going 5.crying 6.to buy 7.eating 8.wasting 9.to arrive 10.Taking 11.attending 12.to visit 13.write;showing 14.running 15.closing 16.to take 17.laugh 18.written;reading 19.to turn 20.to serve 21.seeing 22.to join 23.to finish 24.waiting II.1.To check 2.hearing 3.to have 4.to put 5.to join 6.to save 7.working 8.realizing 9.to make 10.to take ◆专题十一主谓一致◆ 专题精练 I.1.are 2.is 3.is 4.is 5.were invited 6.are killed:has fallen 7.is;have been planted 8.has visited 9.is;are 10.is played 11.were searching 12.was visiting 13.is;come 14.is15.is II.1.Two thirds of the housework is often done by my mother. 2.The number of tourists was over 20,000 yesterday. 3.Neither you nor he has ever written a novel before. 4.There is a kite and two birds in the tree. 5.The Smiths go out for a walk every day.