专题03 阅读理解 说明文（期末真题汇编，山东专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读，精选山东多地高一下期末真题，覆盖人与社会、自我、自然三大主题，情境贴近科技（AI厨师）、社会热点（在线隐私COPPA）、自然现象（蜂蜜鸟合作），梯度考查信息获取与思维推理能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|12篇Passage（约40题）|细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意|以“人与社会”中UR Essentials项目、“人与自然”中环保机器人等真实情境设题，问题从基础信息定位（如免费材料类型）到高阶推理（如“nostalgia”词义推断），适配高一下学期期末能力要求。|

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A Passage 2【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B Passage 3【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C Passage 4【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D Passage 2【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D Passage 3【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A Passage 4【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D Passage 2【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A Passage 3【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A Passage 4【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B Passage 2【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D Passage 3【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B Passage 4【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B Passage 2【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D Passage 3【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C Passage 4【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B Passage 2【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A Passage 3【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C Passage 4【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东菏泽·期末） UR Essentials is a convenient and cost-effective textbook rental program that provides undergraduate students with all their required course materials on or before the first day of class. While the program will provide all textbooks, e-textbooks, manuals, and access keys, free of charge, it will not provide single use materials such as lab goggles, engineering kits, and nursing kits. Once students have registered for classes, the book store will receive course lists and begin preparing materials. One month before classes start, students will receive an email asking if they would prefer to pick up their materials in the store or have them shipped directly. Digital materials will be made available through Blackboard online. Undergraduate students will be automatically (自动地) registered in the program, though they can choose to drop out. Dropping out will not reduce fees, as the cost of the program is included in tuition. If students decide to drop a class, and have already picked up their materials, they should return those materials within 48 hours. Students will be required to return textbooks before the last day of final exams in a given semester, despite the length of the course. If students want to keep their textbooks at the end of the semester, they can buy them at a reduced price. 1. What is the purpose of UR Essentials? A. To reduce the yearly tuition. B. To advertise for book stores. C. To lower the cost of course materials. D. To inform the students of taking classes. 2. What is provided by the program for free? A. Nursing kits. B. First-aid tools. C. E-mail accounts. D. Physical textbooks. 3. When should students return materials if they drop out registered classes? A. In 2 days. B. In a week. C. On the first day of class. D. On the last day of final exams. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东郯城·期末） For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smartphones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 15 connect the Internet using a mobile device from time to time. Many younger kids are online too. Julian Zeitlinger, 9, from New Jersey, uses his computer to watch videos and play games. To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety with him. “I ask my parents whether something is nice or bad, ” Julian says. Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information. The information can be dangerous in the wrong hands.A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience. Have you ever had to enter a parent's e－mail address when signing up for a website? That safety measure is there because of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The law says sites for kids under 13 cannot collect personal information, such as a phone number or full name, without a parent's permission. This July, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will update COPPA for the first time since the law was created in 1998 when there were no smart phones. The nature of the way kids get online has changed, FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said. When the changes take effect, COPPA will apply to mobile devices and newer forms of advertising. It will expand what falls under “personal information” to include videos, photographs, and services that give users location. COPPA doesn't cover everything that can go wrong online. That is why kids and parents need to know what to look out for and to stop and think before sharing information online. “There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe,” says privacy expert Shai Samet. He runs kidSAFE, which checks whether a site meets kidSAFE standards and is safe. “It's important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that it also can be dangerous if you are not careful.” he adds. 1. Julian's parents check his web use to make sure ________. A. he doesn't watch too many videos B. he doesn't play computer games C. he controls his online time D. he stays safe on the Internet 2. What's one of the changes with COPPA? A. It broadens the concept of personal information. B. It prevents users from making their location public. C. It covers everything that goes wrong online. D. It says no to any kind of advertising. 3. People often hold the wrong idea that ________. A. formal websites are always safe B. the Internet is becoming safer and safer C. COPPA can ensure their complete safety D. daily checks prevent future online problems 4. Why does the author write the passage? A. To ask parents to look out for their kids. B. To talk about online safety for children. C. To introduce a new law. D. To sell an online product. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东郯城·期末） Have you ever heard of the online topic “20 minutes for parks”? It’s all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time. This year, China sees an increasing number of young people who are choosing to hang out in parks more often. Huang Bingbing, who lives in Shenzhen, is one of them. Three years back, she started going to the small park downstairs from her office for lunch breaks on weekdays. “On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained. Huang believes parks can feel like your own secret hideaway. Being introverted(内向的), she finds parks to be ideal relaxing zones for people like her. Yet, parks are also shared spaces. They’re different from shopping malls and cinemas for a particular reason, according to young stage designer Liu Xi, who sees parks as places that disagree with consumerism(消费主义). In parks, people can walk, boat, read under the trees, or simply be lost in thought on a long chair. “Parks offer a non-consumerist environment where one can find joy without opening their wallets,” Liu explained. Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan. She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them. Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to park by building a sense that they have part of the parks. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things. “I hope our group takes more social responsibility. Each of us can become a protector and contributor to the parks and our city,” she said. 1. Why does the author raise a question in Paragraph 1? A. To seek for advice. B. To have a discussion. C. To introduce the topic. D. To express the author’s doubt. 2. What benefits can parks provide for more Chinese youths? A. Lowering working stress and relaxing themselves. B. Making more friends and getting closer to nature. C. Enriching knowledge of parks and opening their eyes. D. Feeling connected to the park and enjoying fun consuming. 3. What drives Cheng Yuyan to make a new practice? A. Her experience in Japan’s parks. B. The historical guidebooks in Japan’s parks. C. Her working experience in Japan. D. The foundation of parks-related interest group. 4. Which is the best title for this text? A. Parks: The Ideal Zone for Youngsters B. The Attraction of Parks: Beyond Consumerism C. 20 Minutes for Parks: A Trend Among Young People D. Young People and Parks: Connecting and Contributing Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东日照·期末） Grief can hit us in powerful and unexpected ways. You might expect to grieve (感到悲痛) a person, a pet or even a former version of yourself — but many people are surprised by the depth of sad feeling after selling the childhood home. Grief is the response to the loss of anything to which we have an emotional connection. A growing body of research is looking at how grief can extend to “non-person” losses such as loss of faith and, yes, the loss of a former home. The childhood home can be an important place for many of us. It literally housed our formative development, family bonds, and core memories. Hopefully, the childhood home is where we learned about safety and love. It is no wonder we grieve it when it’s gone. It’s normal to grieve things we can’t see and touch but are real and valued. The childhood home often is a symbol of family connection and a lighthouse in the storm of life. Thinking of the home and all it represents can cause nostalgia. In fact, the word “nostalgia” originates from the Greek words nostos (return) and algos (pain). The word is rooted in the pain we often feel being away from home. Grief from the loss of a childhood home is real and valid. We should recognize this and be kind to ourselves and others experiencing it. Usually, the loss is expected, and this allows you to take photos, furniture or mementos (纪念品) from the home or garden before you leave or sell. Grief researchers call these “transitional objects”. They may help you maintain a connection to what is lost, while still grieving the place. Chat to your doctor if the loss is particularly difficult, and your grief doesn’t change and subside over time. They might be able to recommend a psychologist who specializes in grief. 1. What is the main focus of recent research on grief? A. The ways to overcome grief. B. The impact of grief on health. C. Grief related to non-person losses. D. Grief patterns in different people. 2. What does the underlined word “nostalgia” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Homesickness. B. Confusion. C. Misfortune. D. Satisfaction. 3. Which of the following helps deal with grief from loss of a childhood home? A. Taking some medicine. B. Keeping some meaningful objects. C. Believing it will disappear over time. D. Learning to distance yourself from it. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To instruct. B. To comment. C. To persuade. D. To advertise. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东寿光·期末） The characteristic (特征) of shyness is to feel frightened and nervous in new social situations or when being the center of attention. Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. To look at shyness, researchers brought 152 children aged 7-8 into a lab and told them they would give a speech, which would be filmed and shown to other children. The study showed that about 10% of the children showed a level of stress over time when giving the speech. About 25% of the children were not reported to be shy in the eyes of their parents, but in fact showed a level of social stress from giving the speech. This finding provides the fact that shyness may be a part of these children’s temperament (性情). For children at this age, shyness may be a quite common and normal experience when they face a speech task. For a smaller group of shy children, however, being the center of attention may be stressful at different times and environments. A shy temperament isn’t always valued by society like an outgoing personality, but that doesn’t mean there is something wrong. Everyone can feel shy at times depending on the environment. And those who are particularly shy often have happy social lives—they just aren’t likely to be the liveliest people in a crowded room. Although shyness itself may not necessarily be a problem, parents should pay attention to signs of worry, particularly in their shy children. Importantly, however, we know that not all shy children are the same, and that many shy children grow up to be well-balanced adults. 1. What can we learn from paragraph 1? A. Shyness is not an unusual characteristic. B. Shyness is born with personality. C. Shyness will appear when one is in public. D. Shyness means not communicating with others. 2. What is the finding of the study? A. Few kids like to give a speech to others. B. Some kids can get shy while giving speeches. C. Some kids appear less shy with their parents. D. Some kids are stressed when being separated. 3. What does the author advise parents to do when facing shy children? A. Bring them to crowded space. B. Care for them and give them confidence. C. Keep them away from shyness. D. Let them be alone. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. When are people shy? B. Ways of beating shyness C. Why is shyness a bad thing? D. The discoveries about shyness Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东青岛·期末） Have you ever noticed how a particular song can bring back a flood of memories and make you deeply emotional? That’s because it’s not just your ears that are engaged when you listen to music-the areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory also become active. While music’s ability to excite emotions and recall memories is well known, Yiren Ren, a sixth-year Ph.D. student in Georgia Tech’s School of Psychology, and her team wondered whether it could also change the emotional content of existing memories. The researchers developed a three-day experiment to test it. On the first day, participants (参与者) memorized a series of short, emotionally neutral (中立的) stories. The next day, they recalled these stories while listening to either positive music, negative music, or silence, as fMRI recorded their brain activity by monitoring changes in blood flow. On the final day, participants were asked to recall the stories again, this time without any music. The results were striking. When participants listened to emotionally charged music while recalling the neutral stories, they were more likely to include new emotional element s into the story that matched the mood of the music. Even more interesting was the brain imaging taken during the experiment. When participants recalled stories while listening to music, there was increased activity in brain areas responsible for emotional memory processing. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful – it activates both emotion and memory-processing regions at the same time. The finding suggests that music is closely connected with memories and unnoticeably shaping their emotional tone. Memories may also be more flexible than previously thought and could be influenced by external sounds during recall. For people dealing with emotional disorders, carefully chosen music might help reshape those memories in a more positive light and potentially reduce their negative emotional impact over time. 1. Why did Yiren Ren and her team carry out the experiment? A. To study how music excites emotions. B. To measure brain activity during music. C. To explore music’s memory recall ability. D. To test if music affects emotions in memory. 2. What were participants required to do? A. Create emotionally neutral stories. B. Read stories and summarize them. C. Listen to music and report feelings. D. Memorize and recall stories across days. 3. What changes did participants experience during the music-added period? A. Their neutral memories gained emotional color. B. They could maintain attention for a longer period. C. They struggled to recall emotionally charged stories. D. Their brain regions for action control became active. 4. Which group of people might benefit from the finding? A. Music lovers in daily life. B. Researchers studying brain functions. C. Students seeking memory improvement. D. People suffering from mental health problems. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东枣庄·期末） Inference is like a secret key to unlock deeper meanings, whether in books or daily conversations. It helps us move beyond surface-level words to catch what is truly meant. For students, this skill is not just about passing exams — it shapes how they see the world through an author’s eyes. They look for clues (线索) that show what the writer really means. Without it, reading becomes a flat list of words, like trying to understand a song by only reading its lyrics. Good readers act like detectives. They connect tiny clues in the text to their own lives. Such personal links deepen the reading experience. Imagine a story describing a girl “clenching her fists during an argument”. A skilled reader wouldn’t just see fists; they’d sense her anger or frustration, perhaps recalling a time they felt the same way. In school, inference turns confusing texts into clear ideas. When a history story says, “The king’s decision caused whispers in the court,” students need to infer that people doubted the king. They draw information from their existing knowledge, and relate to the characters more deeply. This way, they learn to read between the lines everywhere. This skill even helps in science — like guessing an experiment’s purpose from its steps. Inference is why books feel alive. Those who use it well don’t just read stories; they live them. Their minds add sounds, smells, and feelings to the text. A simple sentence like “The campfire died slowly” might make them smell smoke, hear crackling wood, and feel the loneliness of night — all without the author spelling it out. 1. What is the primary function of inference in reading? A. To understand new words. B. To help students pass exams. C. To get underlying meanings. D. To write a summary of the text. 2. Why does the author compare good readers to detectives? A. To explain a sentence. B. To find the differences. C. To highlight their roles. D. To show their similarities. 3. What can you infer from the underlined sentence? A. The king hated the people’s whispers. B. The people doubted the king’s decision. C. The king made a loud announcement. D. The court was now a very noisy place. 4. What does the underlined word “live” mean in the last paragraph? A. Experience. B. Memorize. C. Comment. D. Compose. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东滨州·期末） One evening in 1951, astronomer William Morgan was walking home from Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin when he looked up at the night sky and had “a creative insight burst”. It solved one of the greatest mysteries of astronomy. An “aha! Moment”, such as Morgan’s great insight, is a new idea that arrives suddenly, often bursting into an ongoing stream of thought. It may pop up while someone is actively trying to solve a problem. Individuals tend to have more analytical (分析型的) or insightful thinking; we aren’t limited to one or the other. It’s up to the mood. Imagine you are in Africa 25,000 years ago. You see a lion a couple of meters away and are seized with fear. Your thinking immediately becomes very careful and analytical because if you make one mistake, you are finished. Can the lion see me or hear me? If I run, is the lion close enough to catch up? You manage to escape. That evening you are back in the cave, sitting by the fire and sharing food with your people. You are enjoying safety. In your protected shelter, you can have creative thoughts and do something imaginative. So 25,000 years later, we find the innovative stone tools and breathtaking cave paintings that inspired future generations. An obvious way to increase insightfulness is therefore to relax when you aren’t anxious or rushed. Another way is expansion in space: When you are in a large room or the great outdoors under a starry sky, as Morgan was — your attention expands in the large space. You will consider the whole rather than the parts, thus enhancing insightful thinking. Modern society’s unrelenting demand for productivity and speed often rejects insight. Even so, remember the value and power of insights and the conditions that spark them. As Morgan shows, when it comes to an “aha! Moment”, the sky is the limit. 1. How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A. By sharing a secret to success. B. By raising a new idea. C. By describing an astronomer. D. By telling a true story. 2. Why does the author refer to “Africa 25,000 years ago”? A. To stress the importance of insightful thinking. B. To illustrate the necessity of analytical thinking. C. To prove the power of creativity and imagination. D. To show the influence of mood on thinking styles. 3. Which of the following situations might help boost an insight? A. Studying hard for a math exam. B. Taking photos on a vast grassland. C. Working on the computer in an office. D. Promoting products in a supermarket. 4. What does the underlined word “unrelenting” in the last paragraph mean? A. Basic. B. Typical. C. Endless. D. Unreasonable. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东临沂·期末） Carrying single-use plastic water bottles has become a daily habit for millions worldwide. While convenient, this practice creates serious environmental and health problems that demand our attention. Less than 20% of plastic bottles are properly recycled. Most end up in landfills or oceans, where they take centuries to break down. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic enter our oceans, and single-use bottles contribute significantly to this crisis. Sea animals often mistake floating bottle pieces for food, leading to injury or death. Long-term use of plastic bottles may expose drinkers to harmful chemicals. Independent studies found chlorine residues (氯残留物) in 1 out of 3 tested brands. More surprisingly, dangerous metals like lead occasionally appear in bottled water due to industrial production processes. These pollutants can gradually build up in the human body, potentially causing health issues over time. Consumers’ demand drives companies to produce over 500 billion plastic bottles every year. Unfortunately, bottling plants face minimal supervision regarding production standards. Many brands refuse to disclose what percentage of their bottles contain recycled materials. During production, pollutants sometimes enter water through industrial facilities or plastic containers themselves. Switching to reusable bottles made of glass or metal dramatically reduces plastic waste. When traveling, portable water filters (过滤器) provide safe drinking water without new plastic bottles. At home, purification systems ensure tap (水龙头) water safety. Governments also play a key role—countries like Germany have successfully reduced plastic waste by 30% through bottle deposit laws that reward recycling. Water safety expert Dr. Emma Green notes, “In most developed cities, tap water undergoes stricter safety checks than bottled water. According to the study, properly purified tap water is safer than botted water. Choosing reusable options protects both personal health and vulnerable sea creatures. Simple changes in our daily habits can create a healthier future for people and the planet alike.” 1. What does the author think of plastic water bottles? A. They are convenient and healthy to us. B. They cause threats to nature and health. C. They become a necessity to most people. D. They represent a fashionable way of life. 2. What do we know about plastic bottles? A. Their hardness is increased by adding lead. B. Most of them get recycled properly worldwide. C. They break down faster in oceans than in landfills. D. Their pieces are often confused for food by sea animals. 3. What is a possible solution to improving drinking water safety? A. Using glass or metal bottles. B. Diversifying supervision standards. C. Drinking brand-name bottled water. D. Stopping plastic containers during production. 4. What do Dr. Emma’s words suggest? A. Reusable bottles harm sea creatures. B. Developed cities fail to check water safety. C. Tap water is much safer than bottled water. D. Small changes in habits make a difference. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东日照·期末） Over 45% of households in the U.S. own dogs. However, caring for a disabled pet, especially one with lost vision, can be difficult. After Kunde lost his eyesight, his owners reached out to the Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen (OEDK) looking for new solutions to help the dog adapt to his new condition. Adam Vuong, Cristiana De Sousa. Issy Tsai and Santiago Brent, known as Kunde’s Friends, signed up for the challenge. “Existing devices tend to be heavy or uncomfortable, and they rely on the dog knocking into things as feedback, which is not ideal,” said Vuong, a junior bioengineering student pursuing a minor in engineering design. “We wanted to create something that would give Kunde the independence to move around and interact with his environment without constant collisions (碰撞) and stress.” The team’s solution centers on a lightweight vest (背心) fitted with motors commonly used in wearables and smartphones that vibrate (震动) to warn the dog when barriers are near. A set of cameras placed near the dog’s head captures real-time depth information, processed by a custom-designed printed circuit board (PCB) and a vision-processing computer unit. Vibrations on different parts of the vest vary depending on the distance and location of barriers, helping Kunde adjust his path without human assistance. The team faced various engineering challenges along the way, from making flexible yet protective housings for electronics to balancing weight distribution to avoid affecting Kunde’s natural movements. They also had to waterproof critical parts and adapt the design for Houston’s hot climate. The device is still undergoing testing with Kunde, but the team is optimistic. “The team has made exciting progress, and while there’s still more development ahead to fully meet the customer’s needs, they’ve already demonstrated the power of having a real-world challenge to drive meaningful design,” Heather Bisesti, the team instructor said. “It’s stimulating for students to see how their work can make a direct difference in someone’s — or some dog’s — life.” 1. Why did Kunde’s owners contact the OEDK? A. To raise awareness of pet disabilities. B. To seek professional help for their dog. C. To do research on blind dogs’ behavior. D. To check the dog’s health condition. 2. How does the vest work? A. By removing nearby barriers. B. By recording the dog’s movements. C. By giving signals through vibrations. D. By operating motors with a smartphone. 3. What does Heather Bisesti imply in the last paragraph? A. The vest has gained great popularity. B. The project deeply inspires the students. C. The technology can be applied to humans. D. The device has fully satisfied the customer’s needs. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Promising Device for Blind Dogs B. A Breakthrough in Blindness Treatment C. Engineering Solutions for Animal Care D. Challenges in Caring for Disabled Pets Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东滨州·期末） A little brown-and-white bird flies across the East African grassland. Her sharp eyes scan the tall grass. She lands in the trees and listens. What’s that buzzing sound? Bees have built a hive (蜂房) in a big branch. The bird loves to eat beeswax (蜂蜡), but she’s too small to challenge a whole cloud of bees. Luckily this little bird has a secret tool for getting that delicious meal without getting attacked: humans! In fact, birds of her species have been guiding tribes (部落) in East Africa to honey for thousands of years. The bird flies back above the tall grass, looking for humans. When she finds them, she chatters loudly to attract their attention. Humans know that this call means the bird is ready to lead them to honey. They grab their tools and run after her. When they reach the hive, the bird sings a new song to say, “Here it is!” At the base of the tree, the humans build a fire. They use smoke to calm the bees and break the hive open with an axe. Gathering honeycombs from inside, they carefully fill buckets with delicious honey. When the buckets are full, they leave the wax combs on the ground for the bird. Many tribes let the bird eat as much honeycomb as the bird likes after a hunt. But some, like the Hadza in Tanzaniae, only let the bird eat a couple mouthfuls. They believe that this will keep the bird hungry and ready to find more hives for them. As more people move to cities, fewer people know how to go on a honey hunt. The birds’ territory is becoming smaller. But there are still tribes who love these smart little birds. They know that by working together, life’s a little sweeter for everyone. 1. Which can best describe the little bird according to paragraph 1? A. Hard-working. B. Strong-minded. C. Intelligent. D. Powerful. 2. What role does the bird play during the process of humans’ honey hunt? A. A honey guide. B. A honey gatherer. C. A helper to calm bees. D. An attacker against bees. 3. What can be inferred about the Hadza in paragraph 3? A. They care about the bird’s need more than other tribes. B. They do not appreciate the bird’s role in finding honey. C. They are more purposeful in their partnership with the bird. D. They are generous to make the bird eat as much as it desires. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A “Sweet” Deal B. A Human-assisted Tool C. A Hunting Journey D. A Bird Kind to Humans Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东滨州·期末） A landmark study involving Chinese teenagers reveals that intense heatwaves significantly increase depression and anxiety symptoms. Published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, the research demonstrates that for every unit rise in heatwave intensity — depression risk increases by 13% and anxiety 12%. Obviously, these psychological impacts affect vulnerable groups to different extent. Rural (农村的) students face twice the mental health burdens compared to urban (城市的) peers, likely due to limited cooling resources and outdoor exposure. Equally striking is the gender difference; heat-exposed boys show 22% higher anxiety risk, while girls exhibit no significant effect. This finding is opposite to the general trend in mental health research, where girls are often found to be more likely to report symptoms like anxiety and depression. The team identified these risks through standardized screenings. Roughly 19% of participants met depression criteria and 16% anxiety criteria after strict data cleaning. Heat exposure was rated using three different definitions of heatwaves. The major one was the Excess Heat Factor, which considers both short-term temperature increase and long-term trends, allowing for a more detailed understanding of heatwave intensity and the adaptation to the climate. The other two focused on the frequency of days with maximum or minimum temperatures. To address these problems, professor Yizhen Yu, lead researcher from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, presents solutions: adding cooling facilities in rural schools, redesigning sports programs for boys during heatwaves, and developing breathable uniforms. However, limitations exist — self-reported symptoms and inability to track individual coping behaviors (应对行为) require long-term follow-up. “My goal is to explore how various climatic factors — not just heatwaves, but also other climate extremes — affect the mental health and behavioral development of teenagers in China and beyond,” Yu explained, “Climate change isn’t just an environmental crisis; it’s a mental health crisis unfolding among our youth. Protecting them demands action across education, healthcare, and climate policy sectors.” 1. Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To present an issue. B. To introduce a topic. C. To support a finding. D. To make a comparison. 2. Who are most influenced by heatwaves according to the new research? A. Urban boys. B. Rural boys. C. Urban girls. D. Rural girls. 3. What contributes to a better understanding of heatwave intensity? A. The standardized screenings. B. The Excess Heat Factor. C. Focusing on extreme temperatures. D. Predicting the trend of climate change. 4. What do the last two paragraphs imply? A. Boys should avoid sports programs during heatwaves. B. Professor Yu manages to track individual coping behaviors. C. Climate factors lead to behavioral development of teenagers. D. Joint efforts are needed to solve heatwave-related problems. 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东实验中学·期末） Ruiying Cai, an assistant professor, said U. S. restaurants with more than 20 locations are already required to show the calorie content (卡路里含量) of food on their menus. They show bigger font (字体) sizes for healthier foods and smaller font sizes for higher-calorie foods. “When restaurants use a larger font size for the calorie content of healthy foods, it will increase customers’ preference to order the healthier items,” Cai said. Cai and his colleagues made a study. People were asked to choose between a less healthy item like a smoked beefburger and a healthier one like a chicken sandwich. They were then divided into two groups. In the first group, the numbers and the font size went up and down together. In the second group, the font size didn’t match the number values — when the numbers got bigger, the font size got smaller, and vice versa. Cai also asked questions to find out how health-conscious (有健康意识的) these people were. Cai said the study results showed that most people, who saw low calorie contents printed in large fonts, were more likely to choose the healthier item. People who said they were less health-conscious were also the most influenced. But people who had a high level of health awareness seemed to already have favored healthy food. “Even if you used some of the smart tricks, it didn’t work as well as for those who were not so knowledgeable about health,” Cai said. The study also makes use of a phenomenon. For example, if the word “purple” is written in the green font, it takes people longer to call out which color they’re seeing than if the word and the color match. Similarly, when the size of a number doesn’t match how big or small it actually is, people usually want to figure it out, like when the number 50 looks bigger than the number 80. In this way, it helps customers to make their best choices. “Healthy food items could also be beneficial for restaurants, but whenever a healthy label (标签) is given, people may think the food does not taste good. We’re trying to provide restaurants with other signs, rather than saying it out loud,” Cai said. 1. Why is the calorie content of food shown with different font sizes on menus? A. To make the food look much tastier. B. To inform customers of food materials clearly. C. To improve customers’ interest in food science. D. To guide customers towards making healthier food choices. 2. What do the study results suggest? A. Health-conscious people are hardly influenced by the font size. B. Health-conscious people take more time to make food choices. C. Less health-conscious people often choose high-calorie foods. D. Less health-conscious people seldom notice food descriptions. 3. Why does the author mention purple and numbers 50 and 80 in Paragraph 4? A. To offer suggestions on decision-making. B. To explain the effect of the mismatch method. C. To show the limitation of using colored packaging. D. To introduce the role of numbers in information processing. 4. How does Cai probably find the use of a healthy label? A. Worrying. B. Unsatisfying. C. Surprising. D. Comforting. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东聊城·期末） If you’re offered a-free cookie, you might say yes. But if you’re paid to eat a free cookie, would your response be the same? You might politely refuse and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” In a new study, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” because they seem “too good to be true”. In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely — compared with about 20 percent of those offered an additional $2. “People typically infer hidden costs from overly generous offers. In this case, the participants may think the cookies were poisoned,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch. Further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present common everyday scenes. In each case, past a certain threshold value (阈值), higher potential monetary gain at no cost reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. Vonasch says the study illustrates that, against the “standard economic model”, which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, deals need to be understood as social interactions between people trying to read each other’s minds. If someone seems to go against accepted norms without a solid reason, we assume they have hidden purposes and infer there will be “phantom costs (幻影成本)”. The researchers also showed how to weaken phantom costs’ effect. In one experiment, participants were given three plane tickets for the same flight, respectively costing $235, $275, and $205. Most people chose the $205 ticket. However, if the third option was $15, hardly anyone chose the cheapest one. They rejected it because they imagined horrible phantom costs. However, when the researchers accounted for the incredibly cheap offer — very uncomfortable seats — most participants preferred the $15 flight. The scientists are also about to experiment with human and artificial intelligence interactions. “Will people act the same way when AI is overly generous to them?” Vonasch says. “AI is always programmed to appear more human-like and people tend to treat AI agents as if they have a mind, when obviously they don’t.” 1. What does the underlined part “smells fishy” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Is worth studying. B. Is hard to realize. C. Seems untrustworthy. D. Sounds very appealing. 2. Which of the following options will participants most possibly refuse? A. A travel package with a 50% discount. B. Being offered cash for taking a lift home. C. A $100 reward for returning one’s lost phone. D. Being given a prize for accepting an interview. 3. What insight can businesses gain from the “cheap flight” experiment? A. Keep prices as low as possible. B. Offer customers a variety of options. C. Give explanations for overgenerous offers. D. Adjust pricing following competitors. 4. What will the researchers investigate in further studies? A. How AI’s responses impact humans’ expectations. B. How AI can be programmed to be more human-like. C. Whether AI can give humans overly generous offers. D. Whether we assume phantom costs in human-AI interactions. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东实验中学·期末） The global use of streaming media has provided fans of niche sports (小众体育) with easy access to international sports programs, and for followers of traditional major sports, a way to get to know niche sports. The increase of viewership platforms in the digital age has enabled many fans to explore their favorite niche sports deeper, while others actively discover new sports to follow and enjoy. Accordingly, fan clubs for niche sports have been growing. Among the most noticeable developments in recent years that catch the fans’ attention is the rise of niche sports leagues (联盟). They attract thousands of fans to watch their games, and their television viewers reach millions. Given how quickly sports followers warm up to the leagues, everyone seems to know about them, which brings up some questions — who are watching these games and what makes a niche sports fan? According to a recent Global Web Index report on niche sports followers, a niche sports fan is a person who follows or watches at least five niche sports leagues or events. More than half of niche sports fans fall within the 25-44 age range. They are excited about the sports content shown on streaming media, and are more likely to pay for such services compared to the general population. And they present a higher likelihood of using many kinds of second screens in sports seasons, including laptops, smartwatches, and smartphones. Pickleball (匹克球) is a great example of a niche sport that has developed from a relatively unknown activity to a US national passion. So, what will the next pickleball be? Managing Director Peter Cosco from Isos Growth Advisory, a sports investment company, said, “Technological advancement helps fans get involved in sports, but it doesn’t make it certain. Developing fan love for a new sport, especially a niche one, takes careful management of resources, a well thought-out plan, good relationships with the right people, and the ’play’ factor. That is, is it fun to play and fun to watch?” 1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A. More people are aware of sports’ benefits. B. Technology contributes to niche sports’ popularity. C. Fans have a positive effect on niche sports’ development. D. Sports platforms have made huge economic gain in recent years. 2. What does the author mean by saying “sports followers warm up to the leagues”? A. Sports followers want to join the leagues. B. The leagues have attracted energetic players. C. The leagues make changes based on fans’ preferences. D. Sports followers become very interested in the leagues. 3. What is a characteristic of niche sports fans? A. They are addicted to electronics. B. They come from different age groups. C. They are socially disconnected in daily life. D. They are highly dependent on digital services. 4. What do Peter Cosco’s words suggest? A. Pickleball became widely known by accident. B. A sport needs various conditions to interest people. C. Niche sports should be improved to attract a larger audience. D. Technology offers increasing chances to introduce newborn sports. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东枣庄·期末） Artificial intelligence-powered robots are transforming the kitchen in the food industry. In a restaurant in Chengdu, southwest China’s Sichuan Province, an AI-powered robot chef can cook a delicious dish in just 63 seconds. Recently, a face-off between a robot and Hunan chef Yang Sun caught much attention in the culinary world. The two “chefs” each prepared three dishes. With dishes cooked by both being equally impressive in terms of presentation, fragrance, and flavor, the robot completed the task in just 3 minutes and 8 seconds, while Yang took 9 minutes and 32 seconds to finish. Behind the dazzling skills of the robot chef lies the support of a large AI model. The model launched by Wan AIChef integrates ingredient selection, cooking decision-making, and equipment control. It not only enables automated (自动的) cooking but also provides personalized service based on user taste preferences. The model contributes to the evolving capabilities of AI chefs. Some AI food service robots can not only cook tasty dishes, but also take care of tasks like preparing ingredients, washing and chopping vegetables, and packaging meals from start to finish. Using AI chefs has become a fresh approach for food businesses to cut costs and increase productivity. The expenses of buying and maintaining AI food service robots are reasonable, making them a favorable choice for large-scale dish preparation. An annual report on the development of China’s food industry in 2024, released by the China Hospitality Association, says 65.7 percent of surveyed companies have integrated digitalization into their development plans, and the application situations of AI in the food industry are expanding. However, according to cooking enthusiast Luo Jian, an AI chef lacks the true essence of cooking. He believes that the interplay between ingredients and cooking time arises from a chef’s accumulated experience, a flavor that machines cannot easily copy. 1. What advantage did the robot chef show in the face-off? A. Taste. B. Fragrance. C. Appearance. D. Speed. 2. Which of the following best describes AI chefs according to paragraph 3? A. Low-cost. B. Time-saving. C. Multi-tasking. D. Self-improving. 3. What can be inferred from the 2024 annual report? A. Most companies are applying AI chefs. B. AI is rapidly entering food industry. C. Digitalization helps make better plans. D. AI will cause much unemployment. 4. What can we learn from Luo Jian’s comment? A. Experience matters in cooking. B. Machine-cooked food is tasteless. C. AI chefs lack basic cooking skills. D. AI chefs are better than human ones. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东德州·期末） Have you ever felt unexpectedly calm walking barefoot on grass or noticed stress fade while standing in the ocean? These experiences may involve “ground”, the practice of direct physical contact with the earth’s surface. Our ancestors were naturally interwoven with the earth, but modern life — through homes, roads, and shoes — has disconnected it. Today, social media promotes grounding mats and sheets as sleep and health aids, but does science back these claims? The human body is conductive, exchanging electricity with the earth and artificial sources. Grounding supporters claim that reconnecting with the earth’s subtle electric charge (微电荷) offers physical and mental benefits, though evidence remains limited. Grounding products, e. g., foot mats, bed sheets, copy this connection by linking to a home’s electrical ground terminal, aiming to bridge the body and earth’s charge without outdoor exposure. A 2022 study found 30- minute daily grounding sessions(5 times a week)improved sleep a bit in Alzheimer’s patients, but no changes in anxiety or depression. These results suggest mixed effects, with some improvements possibly due to psychological effect or daily habit. Grounding is also marketed for reducing pain and inflammation (炎症). A 2025 study assigned 60 participants to use either a grounding mat or an inactive mat that doesn’t work for 31 days. While the grounding group slept slightly longer on average, both groups improved similarly in sleep quality, stress, and daytime sleepiness. However, long- term impacts on fitness or recovery remain unclear. Critics note most studies are small- scale, while supporters see grounding as a low- risk additional method. Grounding products range from $30 to $300+, but outdoor grounding, like walking barefoot, is free. While no studies show harm, those with lasting sleep issues should consult a doctor first. Outdoor light exposure alone aids circadian rhythms (内部生物钟) and mood, possibly outweighing costly tools. In short, grounding is a fascinating concept, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits beyond social media advertisements. 1. What does the underlined word “interwoven” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Occupational. B. Connected. C. Explored. D. Attracted. 2. What is the purpose of grounding products in paragraph 2? A. To block artificial electricity. B. To replace medical treatments. C. To copy earth contact indoors. D. To measure body conductivity. 3. What do the 2022 and 2025 grounding studies agree on? A. Showing limited sleep benefits. B. Changing the level of anxiety. C. Confirming ever-claimed effects. D. Demonstrating pain reduction. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward grounding products? A. Critically opposed. B. Fairly objective. C. Strongly supportive. D. Seemingly uninterested. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东济宁·期末） You know when you see someone yawn (打哈欠), and suddenly, you find yourself yawning seconds later. It’s possible that, just like a yawn, stress works similarly. Think about how many times you’ve felt stressed out when a family member, or coworker around you was exhibiting symptoms of stress. This phenomenon, known as secondhand anxiety, has been on the rise, particularly in our hyper-connected world. To truly comprehend secondhand anxiety, we need to look into the neurological (神经学的) basis of empathy and emotional contagion (传染). Our brains are wired for social connection and empathy, which allows us to understand and share the feelings of others. When we observe someone experiencing stress or anxiety, our brains voluntarily begin to mirror their emotional state. This process is driven by mirror neurons, specialized brain cells that fire both when we perform an action and when we observe someone else performing the same action. Our family, close relationships and workplace environments are all significant sources of secondhand anxiety. However, in the digital age, social media and online interactions have become major contributors. Constant exposure to deliberately designed films of others’ lives, as well as the rapid spread of false news can lead to feelings of failure, fear, and anxiety. Sometimes, this shared emotional experience is a positive thing— it allows us to connect on a deeper level with those we care about. But when someone’s anxious energy begins to disturb your peace of mind, this empathy can turn poisonous. Fortunately, there are several strategies we can employ to manage and prevent secondhand anxiety. One of the most important steps is setting limits. If you feel the person is starting to take a toll on you, you can “take strategic escapes”. For example, start your phone calls with a breath and calmly say “I’m so busy.” Learn to say no to taking on others’ problems. Of course, it’s not just other people’s stress that matters— our own mindset affects the happiness of those around us. A positive mindset can improve our own lives, and the lives of everyone around us. 1. Why does the author refer to “yawn” at the beginning? A. To describe an interesting scene. B. To introduce a similar phenomenon. C. To present the state of teenagers. D. To show side effects caused by stress. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The activity of brain in easing anxiety. B. The symptoms of secondhand anxiety. C. The science behind secondhand anxiety. D. The role of brain in regulating our body. 3. What does the underlined phrase “take a toll on” in the last paragraph mean? A. Have a bad effect on. B. Tell a white lie to. C. Make threats against. D. Take advantage of. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title? A. Emotional Contagion: Can We Get Secondhand Mood? B. Mental Disorder: The Stress You Suffer from Hard Work. C. Stress Management: How to Cope with Stress in Our Lives? D. Secondhand Anxiety: Hidden Impacts of Stress on Our Lives. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东宁阳·期末） With AI playing a growing role, Dr. Google is often on call for worried patients. Information from the right websites can teach patients about symptoms(症状) and prepare them for a doctor’s visit. But a poorly done search might cause anxiety before someone reaches the waiting room. Knowing where the information is from and avoiding identifying your health issue by yourself with Google AI are important. When doing a search, don’t click the first link without hesitation. Some companies pay to have their websites listed at the top of a results page. Surf the internet for results that come from sites you can trust for medical information, which can include big health systems like the Mayo Clinic or sites run by government agencies. “We’ve gotten so used to clicking on that first link,” says John Grohol, a psychologist specializing in online behavior. “For your health information, you’d better be careful.” According to Dr. Eric Boose, how you raise a question plays a big role in the results you desire. They suggest patients should seek for information based on symptoms, but not an expected way to treat. “You’d better ask proper questions in the first place,” added Dr. Eric Boose. “For example, when finding blood in your urine(尿), you should ask, ‘What could cause blood in my urine?’ instead of ‘Does the blood in my urine mean cancer?’” Blood in one’s urine could suggest cancer, but it might be given rise to by kidney(肾) stones or an infection(感染) of unknown causes. Visiting a doctor familiar with your medical history may be the best solution in this situation. “Similar symptoms may appear in minor conditions as well as major ones,” explained Dr. Sarah Sams, “So focusing on a result means missing other explanations, especially if you just click the first few links listed on the website.” For some issues, give up the search altogether. If you are experiencing chest pains, dizziness or showing signs of a stroke, seek help immediately. 1. What do patients tend to do nowadays? A. Treat diseases themselves. B. Choose to call Dr Google regularly. C. Turn to AI for medical information. D. Seek for doctors’ advice immediately. 2. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Mayo Clinic can be reliable. B. The first link is certainly trustworthy. C. Websites protect users’ health information. D. Government sites provide more information. 3. Which question is considered proper when you ask AI for medical help? A. What can bring about cough? B. Are the spots on the skin cancer? C. May high fever be caused by an infection? D. What may be the best solution to headache? 4. What is the main idea of the the text? A. AI can provide exact medical information. B. AI performs better than traditional doctors. C. Using AI for medical help should be careful. D. Dr Google will replace traditional doctors gradually. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东寿光·期末） In an age dominated by smartphones, researchers are discovering gradual cognitive (认知的) decrease linked to over-dependence on digital tools. A 2023 Cambridge University study found that frequent users of navigation apps had the ability to remember locations weakened by 23% compared to those who used traditional maps. Functional MRI (磁共振成像) scans showed less activity in the hippocampus (海马体的) of GPS-dependent individuals when recalling routes, while those using traditional navigation methods had stronger neural (神经的) connections in memory-related brain areas. The cognitive effects go beyond navigation. A Tokyo University experiment revealed that language learners using apps with automatic translation features scored 15% lower in natural sentence construction tests than those who learned from textbooks. Cognitive scientist Dr. Eleanor Richards of Oxford explains, “Our brains adapt to technological shortcuts by weakening underused neural pathways — similar to how muscles atrophy (萎缩) without exercise.” This realization has led to counter-trends in both education and business. In 2022, German software company TechSphere GmbH started “Analog Fridays”, requiring employees not to use digital tools but paper notebooks every Friday. After the policy, surveys found that meeting attendance went up by 19%, and employees reported 27% less mental tiredness. CEO Markus Weber says, “We don’t hate technology. But choosing to disconnect on purpose helps us get back our thinking ability.” Industry reports show that by 2023, 12% of new companies in Silicon Valley had similar rules. Educational reforms reflect this shift. The University of Amsterdam now requires first-year students to take handwritten lecture notes, with these students scoring 14% higher on exams than those who used laptops. Stationery brand Moleskine has seen a 40% increase in planner sales since 2021, with 35% of buyers being tech workers who want to be productive without using screens. Neuroscientists say we need balanced ways. Dr. Richards suggests “cognitive zoning”: using digital tools to store data, and keep traditional methods for important thinking tasks. As AI is used more, the key is not to refuse technology, but to create mixed systems that protect our basic human thinking abilities. 1. What did the Cambridge University study find about frequent users of navigation apps? A. Decreased hippocampal activity. B. Enhanced memory storage. C. Improved route planning speed. D. Stronger neural connections. 2. The underlined word “counter-trends” in Paragraph 3 refers to actions that ________. A. promote the use of digital tools B. reduce screen time for cognitive benefits C. criticize the limitations of technology D. study the impact of apps on learning 3. What does “cognitive zoning” recommend? A. Completely stopping the use of digital tools. B. Making digital storage faster and more effective. C. Separating tasks and using different methods accordingly. D. Controlling how quickly AI is combined with our work. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards digital tools? A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Unfavorable. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东烟台·期末） Swimming robots play a key role in mapping pollution, studying water ecosystems, and monitoring water quality in sensitive areas. However, many previous devices rely on noisy propellers (螺旋桨), which can do harm to wildlife. The natural elements in these environments also challenge robotic swimmers. To address these issues, researchers at EPFL’s School of Engineering have developed a multi-functional swimming robot. Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise. This design, combined with its light weight, allows the robot to float on water and mix in naturally with its surroundings. “Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian. To drive the robot, the researchers have developed a unique electronic control system that is environmentally safe. Light sensors act as simple eyes, allowing the robot to sense and follow light sources by itself. They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests. “We aim to extend operating times and enhance autonomy,” says Hartmann. “The insights gained from this project will not only advance the science of bioinspired robotics but also lay the foundation for practical, lifelike robotic systems that harmonize with nature.” 1. What is the unique feature of the new swimming robot? A. It can widen tight spaces. B. It can produce fresh water. C. It is propeller-powered and lightweight. D. It is noise-free and flexible. 2. What are Florian’s statements aimed at in paragraph 3? A. Describing the testing process. B. Pointing out limitations in design. C. Stressing technical advancement. D. Praising the highest moving speed. 3. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us concerning the new robot? A. Its energy consumption modes. B. Its monitoring strategies. C. Its reliability in gathering information. D. Its possible applications. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A book review. B. A scientific journal. C. A business report. D. An official document. Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东潍坊·期末） When facing an enemy, animals generally tend to fight, flee or simply stop moving. But baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) do something else completely: they vibrate (振动). Newly-born caterpillars, very tiny, live and feed alone on the very tips of leaves. In a recent study, scientists found that the caterpillars are rather protective of their little habitat. If another caterpillar moves into their territory (领地), these tiny creatures start wildly shaking their heads and bodies against the leaf. The behaviors signal that their leaf tip is off-limits to an unexpected visitor. This research “takes me into how complex the sensory world of even a tiny creature is — a world that humans are just not aware of,” says Jayne E. Yack, an author of the new study. The scientists used close-up videos and an instrument that could pick up a leaf’s vibrations without touching it to explore the caterpillars’ shaky world. “For such small caterpillars, their vibrations are like lion roars,” Yack says. “You have to take the headphones off your ears because they’re so loud.” The flexible leaf tip may also increase the sound, she adds. These wild vibrations could be a bluff (虚张声势); some spiders make similar moves. “It’s a distinct possibility that they’re copying a spider to prevent somebody else from taking over their precious leaf tip,” Yack says. Like singing birds, “these caterpillars are also declaring ownership of their territories and competing with enemies — in this case by sending vibrations through the leaf surface rather than the air,” says Andrew Mason, who studies animal communication and was not involved in the study. “This study gives us a window onto this otherwise undetectable world.” 1. What does the underlined word “off-limits” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. Relevant. B. Forbidden. C. Limited. D. Accessible. 2. What can we learn about caterpillars from paragraph 3? A. They are too small to track. B. They vibrate in various ways. C. Their vibrations are very powerful. D. Their world is simpler than expected. 3. What might be the purpose of caterpillars copying spiders? A. To attract partners. B. To make traps. C. To protect territories. D. To attack enemies. 4. What does Andrew Mason think of the study? A. Breakthrough. B. One-sided. C. Risky. D. Typical. Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东青岛·期末） Anyone with even a passing interest in the natural world will have noticed a dramatic phenomenon this year: a lack of insects. Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. There are several probable reasons for this sudden reduction compared with typical summers. The weather has not helped, with a cool and wet spring across much of the country affecting insect numbers. But even with that factored in, this year’s sudden drop comes after many years of going down little by little. Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands, there are more practical implications. For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. The present position will hopefully last for a short time but is nonetheless a wake-up call about the degree of losses that have taken place in recent decades. One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. Nature is not just a nice thing to have: it is important for our national health, wealth and safety. Our butterflies and other insects are telling us something rather important. 1. What can we learn about this year’s butterflies? A. Their numbers suffer a sharp drop. B. Their species are rich and varied. C. They can be found in many places. D. Their migration habits have changed. 2. Why is Dave Goulson mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To suggest solutions to farming issues. B. To show insect numbers a century ago. C. To explain the impact of the cool wet spring. D. To offer evidence for a long-term phenomenon. 3. What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Effects. B. Advantages. C. Features. D. Opportunities. 4. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A. Appreciate butterflies’ beauty. B. Wait for short-term recovery. C. Join in citizen science activities. D. Study insect losses professionally. Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东济宁·期末） While the rest of the world is fast asleep, Ethan Page is wide awake. He is busy in a shipping container, not sailing but planting. Ethan, an agricultural instructor in Central Wyoming College (CWC), became interested in agriculture at a young age. Growing up in Wyoming, which has 80 food deserts across 21 counties, he saw residents in his neighbourhood struggling to access fresh produce. “I have always been involved with agriculture and education. I wanted to find an opportunity that would put together all of my skills to solve the pressing issue of Wyoming,” says Ethan. He, together with a group of students from CWC, takes agricultural innovation to the next level — by transforming a standard 8-by-40-foot shipping container into a climate-controlled greenhouse. The greenhouse is a fully operational vertical (垂直的) growing system. From the get-go, the container is recycled. The former shipping container is now given a new lease of life as a food-growing station. Inside the repurposed container, four sliding walls with 88 growing panels housing five growth channels each, are growing hundreds of plants vertically. A fully automated (自动的) computer system is looking after every plant’s needs, deciding when it’s time to turn on the bright LED sunshine each day, as well as delivering the right amount of water. The setup allows students to grow delicious vegetables and herbs, with the entire system designed for minimal energy usage and maximum plant output. It even operates mainly at night to capitalize on off-peak electricity rates, a wise decision that saves money. “Now we are able to offer fresh vegetables to locals year-round,” says Ethan. “The project also enriches the students’ experience.” A CWC student, Lexi Torres, speaks to shipping company Container Lift, “This project is about empowering next-generation growers to put real-world challenges like climate change and food shortage into studies. We’re learning how to feed people with fewer resources. That’s the future.” 1. Why did Ethan repurpose a shipping container? A. To reduce food deserts. B. To achieve childhood dream. C. To lessen regional poverty. D. To promote modern agriculture. 2. Which of the following best describe the Greenhouse? A. Durable and flexible. B. Futuristic and fancy. C. Fruitful and painstaking. D. Eco-friendly and high-tech. 3. What key factor is considered for night operation of the greenhouse? A. Output. B. Cost. C. Function. D. Effectiveness. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Ethan brought agricultural problems under the spotlight. B. Ethan replaced traditional farming with vertical farming. C. The project has solved environmental matters in the area. D. The project plants seeds that go far beyond the greenhouse. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东菏泽·期末） UR Essentials is a convenient and cost-effective textbook rental program that provides undergraduate students with all their required course materials on or before the first day of class. While the program will provide all textbooks, e-textbooks, manuals, and access keys, free of charge, it will not provide single use materials such as lab goggles, engineering kits, and nursing kits. Once students have registered for classes, the book store will receive course lists and begin preparing materials. One month before classes start, students will receive an email asking if they would prefer to pick up their materials in the store or have them shipped directly. Digital materials will be made available through Blackboard online. Undergraduate students will be automatically (自动地) registered in the program, though they can choose to drop out. Dropping out will not reduce fees, as the cost of the program is included in tuition. If students decide to drop a class, and have already picked up their materials, they should return those materials within 48 hours. Students will be required to return textbooks before the last day of final exams in a given semester, despite the length of the course. If students want to keep their textbooks at the end of the semester, they can buy them at a reduced price. 1. What is the purpose of UR Essentials? A. To reduce the yearly tuition. B. To advertise for book stores. C. To lower the cost of course materials. D. To inform the students of taking classes. 2. What is provided by the program for free? A. Nursing kits. B. First-aid tools. C. E-mail accounts. D. Physical textbooks. 3. When should students return materials if they drop out registered classes? A. In 2 days. B. In a week. C. On the first day of class. D. On the last day of final exams. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了UR Essentials是一个方便且经济的教科书租赁项目，它为本科生提供课程所需材料的相关情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“UR Essentials is a convenient and cost-effective textbook rental program that provides undergraduate students with all their required course materials on or before the first day of class.(UR Essentials是一个方便且经济的教科书租赁项目，在上课第一天或之前为本科生提供所有所需的课程材料)”可知，Essentials是一个方便且经济的教科书租赁项目，可以降低课程材料的成本。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“While the program will provide all textbooks, e - textbooks, manuals, and access keys, free of charge, it will not provide single use materials such as lab goggles, engineering kits, and nursing kits.(虽然该项目将免费提供所有教科书、电子教科书、手册和访问密钥，但它不会提供一次性用品，如实验室护目镜、工程工具包和护理工具包)”可知，实体教科书是免费提供的。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“If students decide to drop a class, and have already picked up their materials, they should return those materials within 48 hours.(如果学生决定退课，并且已经领取了材料，他们应该在48小时内归还这些材料)”可知，48 小时即2天内需要归还资料。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东郯城·期末） For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smartphones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 15 connect the Internet using a mobile device from time to time. Many younger kids are online too. Julian Zeitlinger, 9, from New Jersey, uses his computer to watch videos and play games. To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety with him. “I ask my parents whether something is nice or bad, ” Julian says. Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information. The information can be dangerous in the wrong hands.A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience. Have you ever had to enter a parent's e－mail address when signing up for a website? That safety measure is there because of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The law says sites for kids under 13 cannot collect personal information, such as a phone number or full name, without a parent's permission. This July, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will update COPPA for the first time since the law was created in 1998 when there were no smart phones. The nature of the way kids get online has changed, FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said. When the changes take effect, COPPA will apply to mobile devices and newer forms of advertising. It will expand what falls under “personal information” to include videos, photographs, and services that give users location. COPPA doesn't cover everything that can go wrong online. That is why kids and parents need to know what to look out for and to stop and think before sharing information online. “There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe,” says privacy expert Shai Samet. He runs kidSAFE, which checks whether a site meets kidSAFE standards and is safe. “It's important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that it also can be dangerous if you are not careful.” he adds. 1. Julian's parents check his web use to make sure ________. A. he doesn't watch too many videos B. he doesn't play computer games C. he controls his online time D. he stays safe on the Internet 2. What's one of the changes with COPPA? A. It broadens the concept of personal information. B. It prevents users from making their location public. C. It covers everything that goes wrong online. D. It says no to any kind of advertising. 3. People often hold the wrong idea that ________. A. formal websites are always safe B. the Internet is becoming safer and safer C. COPPA can ensure their complete safety D. daily checks prevent future online problems 4. Why does the author write the passage? A. To ask parents to look out for their kids. B. To talk about online safety for children. C. To introduce a new law. D. To sell an online product. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了儿童上网的安全问题及COPPA（儿童网络隐私保护法案）的成因、发展等特征。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中To keep him safe online, his parents monitor his web use and discuss Internet safety with him.可知为了保证他的网络安全，他的父母监视他的网络使用，并和他讨论网络安全问题。由此可知，Julian的父母是出于安全考虑才管控他上网的。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中It will expand what falls under “personal information” to include videos, photographs, and services that give users location.可知它将扩大“个人信息”的范围，包括视频、照片和提供用户位置的服务。由此可知，COPPA的变化是把个人信息的范围拓展到多个方面。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe,” says privacy expert Shai Samet.可知隐私专家Shai Samet说：“有一种误解是，如果一个网站遵循COPPA，它就是完全安全的。”由此可推知，人们误以为COPPA能确保他们绝对的安全。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smartphones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 15 connect the Internet using a mobile device from time to time. Many younger kids are online too.可知对许多孩子来说，互联网触手可及。从电脑到智能手机，一个信息网络向他们开放。根据一份新的报告，12岁到15岁的孩子中，有四分之三的人会时不时地使用移动设备上网。许多更小的孩子也在上网。结合文章主要介绍了儿童上网的安全问题，以及COPPA为保护儿童安全上网所做的努力。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了谈论儿童的网络安全。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东郯城·期末） Have you ever heard of the online topic “20 minutes for parks”? It’s all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time. This year, China sees an increasing number of young people who are choosing to hang out in parks more often. Huang Bingbing, who lives in Shenzhen, is one of them. Three years back, she started going to the small park downstairs from her office for lunch breaks on weekdays. “On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained. Huang believes parks can feel like your own secret hideaway. Being introverted(内向的), she finds parks to be ideal relaxing zones for people like her. Yet, parks are also shared spaces. They’re different from shopping malls and cinemas for a particular reason, according to young stage designer Liu Xi, who sees parks as places that disagree with consumerism(消费主义). In parks, people can walk, boat, read under the trees, or simply be lost in thought on a long chair. “Parks offer a non-consumerist environment where one can find joy without opening their wallets,” Liu explained. Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan. She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them. Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to park by building a sense that they have part of the parks. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things. “I hope our group takes more social responsibility. Each of us can become a protector and contributor to the parks and our city,” she said. 1. Why does the author raise a question in Paragraph 1? A. To seek for advice. B. To have a discussion. C. To introduce the topic. D. To express the author’s doubt. 2. What benefits can parks provide for more Chinese youths? A. Lowering working stress and relaxing themselves. B. Making more friends and getting closer to nature. C. Enriching knowledge of parks and opening their eyes. D. Feeling connected to the park and enjoying fun consuming. 3. What drives Cheng Yuyan to make a new practice? A. Her experience in Japan’s parks. B. The historical guidebooks in Japan’s parks. C. Her working experience in Japan. D. The foundation of parks-related interest group. 4. Which is the best title for this text? A. Parks: The Ideal Zone for Youngsters B. The Attraction of Parks: Beyond Consumerism C. 20 Minutes for Parks: A Trend Among Young People D. Young People and Parks: Connecting and Contributing 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在中国越来越多的年轻人参与“20分钟逛公园”活动，讨论了其益处和对消费主义的态度。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time.(这都是关于这个想法，只要在公园里花费20分钟时间，无论以何种方式，都可以帮助减少压力)”可知，采用提问的形式是为了引入“20 minutes for parks”这个话题，旨在吸引读者的注意并引出全文主题。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段““On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained.(“在那片草地上，我可以与活的植物和动物交流。这让我理清了思绪，从工作压力中恢复过来，”黄解释说)”以及“Being introverted, she finds parks to be ideal relaxing zones for people like her.(由于性格内向，她发现公园对像她这样的人来说是理想的放松场所)”可知，在公园度过时光能帮助年轻人降低工作压力，放松心情。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan. She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them. Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to park by building a sense that they have part of the parks. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things.(25岁的豆瓣兴趣小组“我们爱逛公园”的创始人Cheng Yuyan在日本逛公园时发现了一些有趣的事情。她注意到当地人捐赠了印有他们名字的公园长椅。此外，许多公园还提供指南，详细介绍了这些植物的历史、地理和开花时间表。在这些实践的启发下，Cheng相信人们可以通过建立一种他们是公园的一部分的感觉来感觉与公园的联系。她计划鼓励她的豆瓣群成员做类似的事情)”可知，Cheng Yuyan在日本公园的经历促使她产生新实践的灵感。故选A。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“This year, China sees an increasing number of young people who are choosing to hang out in parks more often.(今年，中国有越来越多的年轻人选择更频繁地在公园闲逛)”及全文内容可知，文章重点讲述了“20分钟逛公园”行动趋势及其对年轻人的影响，故与文章主旨最符合的标题是“20 Minutes for Parks: A Trend Among Young People(20分钟逛公园：年轻人的潮流)”。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东日照·期末） Grief can hit us in powerful and unexpected ways. You might expect to grieve (感到悲痛) a person, a pet or even a former version of yourself — but many people are surprised by the depth of sad feeling after selling the childhood home. Grief is the response to the loss of anything to which we have an emotional connection. A growing body of research is looking at how grief can extend to “non-person” losses such as loss of faith and, yes, the loss of a former home. The childhood home can be an important place for many of us. It literally housed our formative development, family bonds, and core memories. Hopefully, the childhood home is where we learned about safety and love. It is no wonder we grieve it when it’s gone. It’s normal to grieve things we can’t see and touch but are real and valued. The childhood home often is a symbol of family connection and a lighthouse in the storm of life. Thinking of the home and all it represents can cause nostalgia. In fact, the word “nostalgia” originates from the Greek words nostos (return) and algos (pain). The word is rooted in the pain we often feel being away from home. Grief from the loss of a childhood home is real and valid. We should recognize this and be kind to ourselves and others experiencing it. Usually, the loss is expected, and this allows you to take photos, furniture or mementos (纪念品) from the home or garden before you leave or sell. Grief researchers call these “transitional objects”. They may help you maintain a connection to what is lost, while still grieving the place. Chat to your doctor if the loss is particularly difficult, and your grief doesn’t change and subside over time. They might be able to recommend a psychologist who specializes in grief. 1. What is the main focus of recent research on grief? A. The ways to overcome grief. B. The impact of grief on health. C. Grief related to non-person losses. D. Grief patterns in different people. 2. What does the underlined word “nostalgia” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Homesickness. B. Confusion. C. Misfortune. D. Satisfaction. 3. Which of the following helps deal with grief from loss of a childhood home? A. Taking some medicine. B. Keeping some meaningful objects. C. Believing it will disappear over time. D. Learning to distance yourself from it. 4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To instruct. B. To comment. C. To persuade. D. To advertise. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出失去童年家园会引发悲痛，这是对有情感联结事物的反应，研究关注此类非人物损失悲痛，并给出应对建议。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“A growing body of research is looking at how grief can extend to “non-person” losses such as loss of faith and, yes, the loss of a former home.(越来越多的研究正在关注悲伤如何扩展到“非个人”的损失，如失去信仰，是的，失去以前的家)”可知，最近关于悲伤的研究主要关注与非人物损失相关的悲伤，比如信仰的丧失和失去以前的家。故选C项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Thinking of the home and all it represents can cause nostalgia. In fact, the word “nostalgia” originates from the Greek words nostos (return) and algos (pain). The word is rooted in the pain we often feel being away from home.( 想到家和它所代表的一切会引起nostalgia。事实上，“怀旧”一词源于希腊词nostos（回归）和algos（痛苦）。这个词源于我们经常感到的离家在外的痛苦)”可知，想到家以及它所代表的一切会引起“nostalgia”，并且这个词源于希腊语中表示“回归”和“痛苦”的词，它扎根于我们远离家乡时所感受到的痛苦，所以“nostalgia”意思是“思乡之情”，A选项Homesickness“乡愁，思乡”符合语境。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Usually, the loss is expected, and this allows you to take photos, furniture or mementos (纪念品) from the home or garden before you leave or sell. Grief researchers call these “transitional objects”. They may help you maintain a connection to what is lost, while still grieving the place.(通常，损失是意料之中的，这让你可以在离开或出售之前，从家里或花园里拍下照片、家具或纪念品。悲伤研究人员称这些为“过渡对象”。它们可能会帮助你与失去的东西保持联系，同时仍然为这个地方感到悲伤)”可知，保留一些有意义的物品（如照片、家具或纪念品），即保留“过渡性物品”可以帮助应对失去童年家园带来的悲伤。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了失去童年家园会带来悲伤这一现象，并且告诉读者这种悲伤是真实有效的，以及如何应对这种悲伤（如保留过渡性物品，必要时咨询医生等）。由此推知，文章的目的是指导（instruct）读者。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东寿光·期末） The characteristic (特征) of shyness is to feel frightened and nervous in new social situations or when being the center of attention. Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. To look at shyness, researchers brought 152 children aged 7-8 into a lab and told them they would give a speech, which would be filmed and shown to other children. The study showed that about 10% of the children showed a level of stress over time when giving the speech. About 25% of the children were not reported to be shy in the eyes of their parents, but in fact showed a level of social stress from giving the speech. This finding provides the fact that shyness may be a part of these children’s temperament (性情). For children at this age, shyness may be a quite common and normal experience when they face a speech task. For a smaller group of shy children, however, being the center of attention may be stressful at different times and environments. A shy temperament isn’t always valued by society like an outgoing personality, but that doesn’t mean there is something wrong. Everyone can feel shy at times depending on the environment. And those who are particularly shy often have happy social lives—they just aren’t likely to be the liveliest people in a crowded room. Although shyness itself may not necessarily be a problem, parents should pay attention to signs of worry, particularly in their shy children. Importantly, however, we know that not all shy children are the same, and that many shy children grow up to be well-balanced adults. 1. What can we learn from paragraph 1? A. Shyness is not an unusual characteristic. B. Shyness is born with personality. C. Shyness will appear when one is in public. D. Shyness means not communicating with others. 2. What is the finding of the study? A. Few kids like to give a speech to others. B. Some kids can get shy while giving speeches. C. Some kids appear less shy with their parents. D. Some kids are stressed when being separated. 3. What does the author advise parents to do when facing shy children? A. Bring them to crowded space. B. Care for them and give them confidence. C. Keep them away from shyness. D. Let them be alone. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. When are people shy? B. Ways of beating shyness C. Why is shyness a bad thing? D. The discoveries about shyness 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是无论害羞是孩子性格的一部分，还是他们在一群陌生人面前的感觉，这都是一种常见的经历。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. (一项研究表明，无论害羞是孩子性格的一部分，还是他们在一群陌生人面前的感觉，这都是一种常见的经历。)”可知，害羞并不是一个不寻常的特征。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The study showed that about 10% of the children showed a level of stress over time when giving the speech. About 25% of the children were not reported to be shy in the eyes of their parents, but in fact showed a level of social stress from giving the speech. (研究表明，随着时间的推移，大约10%的孩子在演讲时表现出一定程度的压力。据报道，大约25%的孩子在父母眼中并不害羞，但事实上，他们在演讲时表现出一定程度的社会压力。)”可知，有些孩子在演讲时会害羞。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Although shyness itself may not necessarily be a problem, parents should pay attention to signs of worry, particularly in their shy children. (虽然害羞本身不一定是一个问题，但父母应该注意焦虑的迹象，尤其是他们害羞的孩子。)”可知，当面对害羞的孩子时，父母应该关心他们，给他们信心。故选B。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Whether shyness is part of your children’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a common experience, according to a study. (一项研究表明，无论害羞是孩子性格的一部分，还是他们在一群陌生人面前的感觉，这都是一种常见的经历。)”以及后文对这一发现的研究和介绍。可知，文章主要讲述的是关于害羞的发现。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东青岛·期末） Have you ever noticed how a particular song can bring back a flood of memories and make you deeply emotional? That’s because it’s not just your ears that are engaged when you listen to music-the areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory also become active. While music’s ability to excite emotions and recall memories is well known, Yiren Ren, a sixth-year Ph.D. student in Georgia Tech’s School of Psychology, and her team wondered whether it could also change the emotional content of existing memories. The researchers developed a three-day experiment to test it. On the first day, participants (参与者) memorized a series of short, emotionally neutral (中立的) stories. The next day, they recalled these stories while listening to either positive music, negative music, or silence, as fMRI recorded their brain activity by monitoring changes in blood flow. On the final day, participants were asked to recall the stories again, this time without any music. The results were striking. When participants listened to emotionally charged music while recalling the neutral stories, they were more likely to include new emotional element s into the story that matched the mood of the music. Even more interesting was the brain imaging taken during the experiment. When participants recalled stories while listening to music, there was increased activity in brain areas responsible for emotional memory processing. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful – it activates both emotion and memory-processing regions at the same time. The finding suggests that music is closely connected with memories and unnoticeably shaping their emotional tone. Memories may also be more flexible than previously thought and could be influenced by external sounds during recall. For people dealing with emotional disorders, carefully chosen music might help reshape those memories in a more positive light and potentially reduce their negative emotional impact over time. 1. Why did Yiren Ren and her team carry out the experiment? A. To study how music excites emotions. B. To measure brain activity during music. C. To explore music’s memory recall ability. D. To test if music affects emotions in memory. 2. What were participants required to do? A. Create emotionally neutral stories. B. Read stories and summarize them. C. Listen to music and report feelings. D. Memorize and recall stories across days. 3. What changes did participants experience during the music-added period? A. Their neutral memories gained emotional color. B. They could maintain attention for a longer period. C. They struggled to recall emotionally charged stories. D. Their brain regions for action control became active. 4. Which group of people might benefit from the finding? A. Music lovers in daily life. B. Researchers studying brain functions. C. Students seeking memory improvement. D. People suffering from mental health problems. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究通过实验探索音乐能否改变现有记忆的情感内容及其发现。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“While music’s ability to excite emotions and recall memories is well known, Yiren Ren, a sixth-year Ph.D. student in Georgia Tech’s School of Psychology, and her team wondered whether it could also change the emotional content of existing memories. (虽然音乐激发情绪和回忆记忆的能力众所周知，但佐治亚理工学院心理学博士生Yiren Ren及其团队想知道，它是否也能改变现有记忆的情感内容。)”可知，Yiren Ren和她的团队进行这项实验是为了测试音乐是否会影响记忆中的情感。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“On the first day, participants (参与者) memorized a series of short, emotionally neutral (中立的) stories. The next day, they recalled these stories while listening to either positive music, negative music, or silence, as fMRI recorded their brain activity by monitoring changes in blood flow. On the final day, participants were asked to recall the stories again, this time without any music. (第一天，参与者记住了一系列简短、情感中立的故事。第二天，他们在听积极音乐、消极音乐或沉默的同时回忆这些故事，同时功能性磁共振成像通过监测血流变化来记录他们的大脑活动。最后一天，参与者被要求再次回忆这些故事，这次没有任何音乐。)”可知，参与者被要求在几天内记住并回忆故事。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When participants listened to emotionally charged music while recalling the neutral stories, they were more likely to include new emotional elements into the story that matched the mood of the music. (当参与者在回忆中立故事时听情感丰富的音乐时，他们更有可能在故事中加入与音乐情绪相匹配的新情感元素。)”可知，在加入音乐的期间，参与者的中性记忆获得了情感色彩。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For people dealing with emotional disorders, carefully chosen music might help reshape those memories in a more positive light and potentially reduce their negative emotional impact over time. (对于处理情绪障碍的人来说，精心挑选的音乐可能有助于以更积极的方式重塑这些记忆，并可能随着时间的推移减少其负面情绪影响。)”可知，患有心理健康问题的人可能会从这一发现中受益。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东枣庄·期末） Inference is like a secret key to unlock deeper meanings, whether in books or daily conversations. It helps us move beyond surface-level words to catch what is truly meant. For students, this skill is not just about passing exams — it shapes how they see the world through an author’s eyes. They look for clues (线索) that show what the writer really means. Without it, reading becomes a flat list of words, like trying to understand a song by only reading its lyrics. Good readers act like detectives. They connect tiny clues in the text to their own lives. Such personal links deepen the reading experience. Imagine a story describing a girl “clenching her fists during an argument”. A skilled reader wouldn’t just see fists; they’d sense her anger or frustration, perhaps recalling a time they felt the same way. In school, inference turns confusing texts into clear ideas. When a history story says, “The king’s decision caused whispers in the court,” students need to infer that people doubted the king. They draw information from their existing knowledge, and relate to the characters more deeply. This way, they learn to read between the lines everywhere. This skill even helps in science — like guessing an experiment’s purpose from its steps. Inference is why books feel alive. Those who use it well don’t just read stories; they live them. Their minds add sounds, smells, and feelings to the text. A simple sentence like “The campfire died slowly” might make them smell smoke, hear crackling wood, and feel the loneliness of night — all without the author spelling it out. 1. What is the primary function of inference in reading? A. To understand new words. B. To help students pass exams. C. To get underlying meanings. D. To write a summary of the text. 2. Why does the author compare good readers to detectives? A. To explain a sentence. B. To find the differences. C. To highlight their roles. D. To show their similarities. 3. What can you infer from the underlined sentence? A. The king hated the people’s whispers. B. The people doubted the king’s decision. C. The king made a loud announcement. D. The court was now a very noisy place. 4. What does the underlined word “live” mean in the last paragraph? A. Experience. B. Memorize. C. Comment. D. Compose. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍推理是理解深层含义的关键，能助读者结合线索和自身经验深化理解，对学习和感受文本至关重要。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Inference is like a secret key to unlock deeper meanings, whether in books or daily conversations. It helps us move beyond surface-level words to catch what is truly meant. (无论是在书中还是在日常对话中，推理都像是解开更深层次含义的秘密钥匙。它帮助我们超越表面的单词，抓住真正的意思。)” 可知，推理在阅读中的主要功能是获取潜在含义。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Good readers act like detectives. They connect tiny clues in the text to their own lives.(优秀的读者就像侦探。他们把文本中的细微线索和自己的生活联系起来。)” 可知，作者将优秀读者比作侦探，是为了展示两者的相似之处（都通过线索探寻信息）。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“When a history story says, ‘The king’s decision caused whispers in the court,’ students need to infer that people doubted the king.(当一个历史故事说‘国王的决定在宫廷里引起了窃窃私语’时，学生们需要推断出人们对国王产生了怀疑。)”可知，从划线句可推断出人们质疑国王的决定。故选B项。 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Those who use it well don’t just read stories; they live them. Their minds add sounds, smells, and feelings to the text.(善于运用推理的人不仅仅是读故事，他们还 live故事。他们的大脑为文本增添了声音、气味和感觉。)”可知，他们的大脑为文本增添了声音、气味和感觉，所以让他们更好地体验故事，所以猜测live在这里指“体验”，与Experience语义一致。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东滨州·期末） One evening in 1951, astronomer William Morgan was walking home from Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin when he looked up at the night sky and had “a creative insight burst”. It solved one of the greatest mysteries of astronomy. An “aha! Moment”, such as Morgan’s great insight, is a new idea that arrives suddenly, often bursting into an ongoing stream of thought. It may pop up while someone is actively trying to solve a problem. Individuals tend to have more analytical (分析型的) or insightful thinking; we aren’t limited to one or the other. It’s up to the mood. Imagine you are in Africa 25,000 years ago. You see a lion a couple of meters away and are seized with fear. Your thinking immediately becomes very careful and analytical because if you make one mistake, you are finished. Can the lion see me or hear me? If I run, is the lion close enough to catch up? You manage to escape. That evening you are back in the cave, sitting by the fire and sharing food with your people. You are enjoying safety. In your protected shelter, you can have creative thoughts and do something imaginative. So 25,000 years later, we find the innovative stone tools and breathtaking cave paintings that inspired future generations. An obvious way to increase insightfulness is therefore to relax when you aren’t anxious or rushed. Another way is expansion in space: When you are in a large room or the great outdoors under a starry sky, as Morgan was — your attention expands in the large space. You will consider the whole rather than the parts, thus enhancing insightful thinking. Modern society’s unrelenting demand for productivity and speed often rejects insight. Even so, remember the value and power of insights and the conditions that spark them. As Morgan shows, when it comes to an “aha! Moment”, the sky is the limit. 1. How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A. By sharing a secret to success. B. By raising a new idea. C. By describing an astronomer. D. By telling a true story. 2. Why does the author refer to “Africa 25,000 years ago”? A. To stress the importance of insightful thinking. B. To illustrate the necessity of analytical thinking. C. To prove the power of creativity and imagination. D. To show the influence of mood on thinking styles. 3. Which of the following situations might help boost an insight? A. Studying hard for a math exam. B. Taking photos on a vast grassland. C. Working on the computer in an office. D. Promoting products in a supermarket. 4. What does the underlined word “unrelenting” in the last paragraph mean? A. Basic. B. Typical. C. Endless. D. Unreasonable. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“顿悟时刻”的特点、影响因素及提升洞察力的方法。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“One evening in 1951, astronomer William Morgan was walking home from Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin when he looked up at the night sky and had ‘a creative insight burst’. It solved one of the greatest mysteries of astronomy. (1951年的一个晚上，天文学家威廉·摩根从威斯康辛州的叶凯士天文台走回家时，他抬头仰望夜空，突然有了“创造性的洞察力”。它解决了天文学上最大的谜团之一。)”可知，作者在第一段中通过讲述一个真实的天文学家William Morgan的故事来引出话题，即“aha! Moment”(顿悟时刻)。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Individuals tend to have more analytical (分析型的) or insightful thinking; we aren’t limited to one or the other. It’s up to the mood.(个体往往有更多的分析性思维或洞察力思维；我们不限于其中一种。这取决于心情。)”及后文举的非洲25000年前的例子可知，作者提到“25000年前的非洲”是为了说明心情对思维方式的影响。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Another way is expansion in space: When you are in a large room or the great outdoors under a starry sky, as Morgan was — your attention expands in the large space. You will consider the whole rather than the parts, thus enhancing insightful thinking. (另一种方法是空间上的扩展：当你在一个大房间里，或者在星空下的户外，就像摩根一样——你的注意力在大空间中扩展。你会考虑整体而不是部分，从而增强洞察力思维。)”可知，空间上的扩展会让你考虑整体而不是部分，从而增强洞察力。故选B项。 【4题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“demand for productivity and speed(对效率和速度的需求)”及“often rejects insight(常常否定洞察力)”可知，现代社会尤其强调生产力和速度即对生产力和速度的要求没有尽头，由此往往会排斥洞察力。因此划线词的意思是“无尽的”。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东临沂·期末） Carrying single-use plastic water bottles has become a daily habit for millions worldwide. While convenient, this practice creates serious environmental and health problems that demand our attention. Less than 20% of plastic bottles are properly recycled. Most end up in landfills or oceans, where they take centuries to break down. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic enter our oceans, and single-use bottles contribute significantly to this crisis. Sea animals often mistake floating bottle pieces for food, leading to injury or death. Long-term use of plastic bottles may expose drinkers to harmful chemicals. Independent studies found chlorine residues (氯残留物) in 1 out of 3 tested brands. More surprisingly, dangerous metals like lead occasionally appear in bottled water due to industrial production processes. These pollutants can gradually build up in the human body, potentially causing health issues over time. Consumers’ demand drives companies to produce over 500 billion plastic bottles every year. Unfortunately, bottling plants face minimal supervision regarding production standards. Many brands refuse to disclose what percentage of their bottles contain recycled materials. During production, pollutants sometimes enter water through industrial facilities or plastic containers themselves. Switching to reusable bottles made of glass or metal dramatically reduces plastic waste. When traveling, portable water filters (过滤器) provide safe drinking water without new plastic bottles. At home, purification systems ensure tap (水龙头) water safety. Governments also play a key role—countries like Germany have successfully reduced plastic waste by 30% through bottle deposit laws that reward recycling. Water safety expert Dr. Emma Green notes, “In most developed cities, tap water undergoes stricter safety checks than bottled water. According to the study, properly purified tap water is safer than botted water. Choosing reusable options protects both personal health and vulnerable sea creatures. Simple changes in our daily habits can create a healthier future for people and the planet alike.” 1. What does the author think of plastic water bottles? A. They are convenient and healthy to us. B. They cause threats to nature and health. C. They become a necessity to most people. D. They represent a fashionable way of life. 2. What do we know about plastic bottles? A. Their hardness is increased by adding lead. B. Most of them get recycled properly worldwide. C. They break down faster in oceans than in landfills. D. Their pieces are often confused for food by sea animals. 3. What is a possible solution to improving drinking water safety? A. Using glass or metal bottles. B. Diversifying supervision standards. C. Drinking brand-name bottled water. D. Stopping plastic containers during production. 4. What do Dr. Emma’s words suggest? A. Reusable bottles harm sea creatures. B. Developed cities fail to check water safety. C. Tap water is much safer than bottled water. D. Small changes in habits make a difference. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一次性塑料水瓶带来环境与健康问题，如回收少、污染海洋、含有害物等，建议使用可重复利用容器等，小的改变有益人与地球。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“While convenient, this practice creates serious environment al and health problems that demand our attention.(虽然这种做法很方便，但它却带来了严重的环境和健康问题，这些问题需要我们予以重视)”可知，作者认为塑料水瓶对自然和健康构成威胁。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Sea animals often mistake floating bottle pieces for food, leading to injury or death.(海洋生物常常会将漂浮的瓶子碎片误认为食物，从而导致受伤或死亡)”可知，塑料瓶的碎片常常会被海洋生物误认为是食物。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Switching to reusable bottles made of glass or metal dramatically reduces plastic waste.(改用玻璃或金属材质的可重复使用水瓶能够极大地减少塑料废弃物的产生)”可知，改善饮用水安全的一个可行方案是使用玻璃瓶或金属瓶。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simple changes in our daily habits can create a healthier future for people and the planet alike.(我们日常习惯中的简单改变能够为人类和地球创造一个更加健康的美好未来)”可知，艾玛博士的话暗示了习惯上的细微改变也能产生影响。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东日照·期末） Over 45% of households in the U.S. own dogs. However, caring for a disabled pet, especially one with lost vision, can be difficult. After Kunde lost his eyesight, his owners reached out to the Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen (OEDK) looking for new solutions to help the dog adapt to his new condition. Adam Vuong, Cristiana De Sousa. Issy Tsai and Santiago Brent, known as Kunde’s Friends, signed up for the challenge. “Existing devices tend to be heavy or uncomfortable, and they rely on the dog knocking into things as feedback, which is not ideal,” said Vuong, a junior bioengineering student pursuing a minor in engineering design. “We wanted to create something that would give Kunde the independence to move around and interact with his environment without constant collisions (碰撞) and stress.” The team’s solution centers on a lightweight vest (背心) fitted with motors commonly used in wearables and smartphones that vibrate (震动) to warn the dog when barriers are near. A set of cameras placed near the dog’s head captures real-time depth information, processed by a custom-designed printed circuit board (PCB) and a vision-processing computer unit. Vibrations on different parts of the vest vary depending on the distance and location of barriers, helping Kunde adjust his path without human assistance. The team faced various engineering challenges along the way, from making flexible yet protective housings for electronics to balancing weight distribution to avoid affecting Kunde’s natural movements. They also had to waterproof critical parts and adapt the design for Houston’s hot climate. The device is still undergoing testing with Kunde, but the team is optimistic. “The team has made exciting progress, and while there’s still more development ahead to fully meet the customer’s needs, they’ve already demonstrated the power of having a real-world challenge to drive meaningful design,” Heather Bisesti, the team instructor said. “It’s stimulating for students to see how their work can make a direct difference in someone’s — or some dog’s — life.” 1. Why did Kunde’s owners contact the OEDK? A. To raise awareness of pet disabilities. B. To seek professional help for their dog. C. To do research on blind dogs’ behavior. D. To check the dog’s health condition. 2. How does the vest work? A. By removing nearby barriers. B. By recording the dog’s movements. C. By giving signals through vibrations. D. By operating motors with a smartphone. 3. What does Heather Bisesti imply in the last paragraph? A. The vest has gained great popularity. B. The project deeply inspires the students. C. The technology can be applied to humans. D. The device has fully satisfied the customer’s needs. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Promising Device for Blind Dogs B. A Breakthrough in Blindness Treatment C. Engineering Solutions for Animal Care D. Challenges in Caring for Disabled Pets 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国OEDK团队为失明的宠物狗Kunde设计了一款能帮助它独立行动的背心装置，目前该装置仍在测试中。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“After Kunde lost his eyesight, his owners reached out to the Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen (OEDK) looking for new solutions to help the dog adapt to his new condition.(在Kunde失明后，它的主人联系了奥什曼工程设计工作室(OEDK)，寻求帮助这只狗适应新状况的新解决方案)”可知，Kunde的主人联系OEDK是为了给他们的狗寻求专业帮助。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team’s solution centers on a lightweight vest (背心) fitted with motors commonly used in wearables and smartphones that vibrate (震动) to warn the dog when barriers are near.(该团队的解决方案围绕一件轻便的背心展开，背心上装有可穿戴设备和智能手机常用的电机，当有障碍物靠近时，电机就会震动来警告狗狗)”可知，背心通过震动发出信号来工作。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Heather Bisesti说的话“It’s stimulating for students to see how their work can make a direct difference in someone’s — or some dog’s — life.(看到自己的工作能直接改变某人——或者某只狗——的生活，对学生来说是很有激励作用的)”可知，Heather Bisesti暗示这个项目深深激励了学生。故选B项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“After Kunde lost his eyesight, his owners reached out to the Oshman Engineering Design Kitchen (OEDK) looking for new solutions to help the dog adapt to his new condition.(在Kunde失明后，它的主人联系了奥什曼工程设计工作室(OEDK)，寻求帮助这只狗适应新状况的新解决方案)”、第三段中“The team’s solution centers on a lightweight vest (背心) fitted with motors commonly used in wearables and smartphones that vibrate (震动) to warn the dog when barriers are near.(该团队的解决方案是一件轻巧的背心，背心上装有可穿戴设备和智能手机中常用的马达，当障碍物靠近时，马达会震动，向狗发出警告)”和最后一段中“The device is still undergoing testing with Kunde, but the team is optimistic.(该设备仍在昆德进行测试，但该团队很乐观)”可知，本文主要介绍了一个团队为失明的宠物狗Kunde设计了一款有前景的装置，帮助它在没有人类帮助的情况下行动。A项“A Promising Device for Blind Dogs(一款有前景的盲犬装置)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东滨州·期末） A little brown-and-white bird flies across the East African grassland. Her sharp eyes scan the tall grass. She lands in the trees and listens. What’s that buzzing sound? Bees have built a hive (蜂房) in a big branch. The bird loves to eat beeswax (蜂蜡), but she’s too small to challenge a whole cloud of bees. Luckily this little bird has a secret tool for getting that delicious meal without getting attacked: humans! In fact, birds of her species have been guiding tribes (部落) in East Africa to honey for thousands of years. The bird flies back above the tall grass, looking for humans. When she finds them, she chatters loudly to attract their attention. Humans know that this call means the bird is ready to lead them to honey. They grab their tools and run after her. When they reach the hive, the bird sings a new song to say, “Here it is!” At the base of the tree, the humans build a fire. They use smoke to calm the bees and break the hive open with an axe. Gathering honeycombs from inside, they carefully fill buckets with delicious honey. When the buckets are full, they leave the wax combs on the ground for the bird. Many tribes let the bird eat as much honeycomb as the bird likes after a hunt. But some, like the Hadza in Tanzaniae, only let the bird eat a couple mouthfuls. They believe that this will keep the bird hungry and ready to find more hives for them. As more people move to cities, fewer people know how to go on a honey hunt. The birds’ territory is becoming smaller. But there are still tribes who love these smart little birds. They know that by working together, life’s a little sweeter for everyone. 1. Which can best describe the little bird according to paragraph 1? A. Hard-working. B. Strong-minded. C. Intelligent. D. Powerful. 2. What role does the bird play during the process of humans’ honey hunt? A. A honey guide. B. A honey gatherer. C. A helper to calm bees. D. An attacker against bees. 3. What can be inferred about the Hadza in paragraph 3? A. They care about the bird’s need more than other tribes. B. They do not appreciate the bird’s role in finding honey. C. They are more purposeful in their partnership with the bird. D. They are generous to make the bird eat as much as it desires. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A “Sweet” Deal B. A Human-assisted Tool C. A Hunting Journey D. A Bird Kind to Humans 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍东非一种小鸟与人类合作寻找蜂蜜的独特关系及双方的互动模式。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The bird loves to eat beeswax (蜂蜡), but she’s too small to challenge a whole cloud of bees. Luckily this little bird has a secret tool for getting that delicious meal without getting attacked: humans!(这种鸟喜欢吃蜂蜡，但它太小了，无法挑战一大群蜜蜂。幸运的是，这只小鸟有一个秘密工具，可以让它不被攻击就能吃到美味的食物：人类！)”可知，这种小鸟能利用人类获取自己无法得到的蜂蜡，体现了它的聪明。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In fact, birds of her species have been guiding tribes (部落) in East Africa to honey for thousands of years.(事实上，数千年来，这种鸟一直在引导东非的部落寻找蜂蜜。)”以及下文描述小鸟如何吸引人类注意、带领人类找到蜂巢等内容可知，小鸟在人类寻找蜂蜜的过程中扮演着“向导”的角色。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But some, like the Hadza in Tanzania, only let the bird eat a couple mouthfuls. They believe that this will keep the bird hungry and ready to find more hives for them.(但有些部落，比如坦桑尼亚的哈扎人，只让这种鸟吃几口。他们认为这样可以让鸟保持饥饿，随时为他们找到更多的蜂巢。)”可知，哈扎人控制鸟的食量是为了让鸟继续为他们寻找蜂蜜，在与鸟的合作中更具目的性。故选C项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段“The bird loves to eat beeswax (蜂蜡), but she’s too small to challenge a whole cloud of bees. Luckily this little bird has a secret tool for getting that delicious meal without getting attacked: humans!(这种鸟喜欢吃蜂蜡，但它太小了，无法挑战一大群蜜蜂。幸运的是，这只小鸟有一个秘密工具，可以让它不被攻击就能吃到美味的食物：人类！)”可知，文章主要讲述了东非的小鸟与人类合作寻找蜂蜜，人类获得蜂蜜，小鸟得到蜂蜡，这是一种“甜蜜的”交易。因此，“A “Sweet” Deal”（一笔“甜蜜”的交易）最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东滨州·期末） A landmark study involving Chinese teenagers reveals that intense heatwaves significantly increase depression and anxiety symptoms. Published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, the research demonstrates that for every unit rise in heatwave intensity — depression risk increases by 13% and anxiety 12%. Obviously, these psychological impacts affect vulnerable groups to different extent. Rural (农村的) students face twice the mental health burdens compared to urban (城市的) peers, likely due to limited cooling resources and outdoor exposure. Equally striking is the gender difference; heat-exposed boys show 22% higher anxiety risk, while girls exhibit no significant effect. This finding is opposite to the general trend in mental health research, where girls are often found to be more likely to report symptoms like anxiety and depression. The team identified these risks through standardized screenings. Roughly 19% of participants met depression criteria and 16% anxiety criteria after strict data cleaning. Heat exposure was rated using three different definitions of heatwaves. The major one was the Excess Heat Factor, which considers both short-term temperature increase and long-term trends, allowing for a more detailed understanding of heatwave intensity and the adaptation to the climate. The other two focused on the frequency of days with maximum or minimum temperatures. To address these problems, professor Yizhen Yu, lead researcher from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, presents solutions: adding cooling facilities in rural schools, redesigning sports programs for boys during heatwaves, and developing breathable uniforms. However, limitations exist — self-reported symptoms and inability to track individual coping behaviors (应对行为) require long-term follow-up. “My goal is to explore how various climatic factors — not just heatwaves, but also other climate extremes — affect the mental health and behavioral development of teenagers in China and beyond,” Yu explained, “Climate change isn’t just an environmental crisis; it’s a mental health crisis unfolding among our youth. Protecting them demands action across education, healthcare, and climate policy sectors.” 1. Why are the numbers mentioned in paragraph 1? A. To present an issue. B. To introduce a topic. C. To support a finding. D. To make a comparison. 2. Who are most influenced by heatwaves according to the new research? A. Urban boys. B. Rural boys. C. Urban girls. D. Rural girls. 3. What contributes to a better understanding of heatwave intensity? A. The standardized screenings. B. The Excess Heat Factor. C. Focusing on extreme temperatures. D. Predicting the trend of climate change. 4. What do the last two paragraphs imply? A. Boys should avoid sports programs during heatwaves. B. Professor Yu manages to track individual coping behaviors. C. Climate factors lead to behavioral development of teenagers. D. Joint efforts are needed to solve heatwave-related problems. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这项研究揭示了中国青少年在极端高温天气下，抑郁和焦虑症状显著增加的现象。研究建议通过改善农村学校设施、调整体育活动和校服设计等措施来缓解这一问题。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。第一段提到“A landmark study involving Chinese teenagers reveals that intense heatwaves significantly increase depression and anxiety symptoms. Published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, the research demonstrates that for every unit rise in heatwave intensity—depression risk increases by 13% and anxiety 12%.(一项涉及中国青少年的里程碑式研究表明，强烈的热浪会显著增加抑郁和焦虑症状。这项发表在《情感障碍杂志》上的研究表明，热浪强度每增加一个单位，抑郁风险就会增加13%，焦虑风险就会增加12%。)”可知，强烈的热浪会增加抑郁和焦虑的风险，由此这里提到的数字是为了支持研究发现的。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rural (农村的) students face twice the mental health burdens compared to urban (城市的) peers, likely due to limited cooling resources and outdoor exposure. Equally striking is the gender difference; heat-exposed boys show 22% higher anxiety risk, while girls exhibit no significant effect.(与城市同龄人相比，农村学生面临两倍的心理健康负担，这可能是由于冷却资源有限和户外暴露所致。同样引人注目的是性别差异；暴露于热浪中的男孩焦虑风险高出22%，而女孩则没有显著影响。)”可知，农村男孩受到热浪的影响最大，他们的焦虑风险增加了22%。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The major one was the Excess Heat Factor, which considers both short-term temperature increase and long-term trends, allowing for a more detailed understanding of heatwave intensity and the adaptation to the climate.(其中最主要的是过量热因子，它考虑了短期温度升高和长期趋势，从而能够更详细地了解热浪强度和气候适应情况。)”可知，过量热因子有助于我们更好地理解热浪的强度。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, limitations exist—self-reported symptoms and inability to track individual coping behaviors (应对行为) require long-term follow-up.( 然而，也存在一些局限性——自我报告的症状以及无法追踪个体的应对行为，这就需要进行长期的跟踪观察。)”以及最后一段中“Yu explained, “Climate change isn’t just an environmental crisis; it’s a mental health crisis unfolding among our youth. Protecting them demands action across education, healthcare, and climate policy sectors.”(于先生解释道：“气候变化不仅是一场环境危机，更是一场正在我们年轻人当中蔓延的心理健康危机。保护他们需要在教育、医疗以及气候政策等领域采取行动。”)”可知，最后两段暗示了解决与热浪相关的问题需要多部门，多个领域的共同努力。因此，选项D“Joint efforts are needed to solve heatwave-related problems.(需要共同努力来解决与热浪相关的问题)”符合题意。故选D。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东实验中学·期末） Ruiying Cai, an assistant professor, said U. S. restaurants with more than 20 locations are already required to show the calorie content (卡路里含量) of food on their menus. They show bigger font (字体) sizes for healthier foods and smaller font sizes for higher-calorie foods. “When restaurants use a larger font size for the calorie content of healthy foods, it will increase customers’ preference to order the healthier items,” Cai said. Cai and his colleagues made a study. People were asked to choose between a less healthy item like a smoked beefburger and a healthier one like a chicken sandwich. They were then divided into two groups. In the first group, the numbers and the font size went up and down together. In the second group, the font size didn’t match the number values — when the numbers got bigger, the font size got smaller, and vice versa. Cai also asked questions to find out how health-conscious (有健康意识的) these people were. Cai said the study results showed that most people, who saw low calorie contents printed in large fonts, were more likely to choose the healthier item. People who said they were less health-conscious were also the most influenced. But people who had a high level of health awareness seemed to already have favored healthy food. “Even if you used some of the smart tricks, it didn’t work as well as for those who were not so knowledgeable about health,” Cai said. The study also makes use of a phenomenon. For example, if the word “purple” is written in the green font, it takes people longer to call out which color they’re seeing than if the word and the color match. Similarly, when the size of a number doesn’t match how big or small it actually is, people usually want to figure it out, like when the number 50 looks bigger than the number 80. In this way, it helps customers to make their best choices. “Healthy food items could also be beneficial for restaurants, but whenever a healthy label (标签) is given, people may think the food does not taste good. We’re trying to provide restaurants with other signs, rather than saying it out loud,” Cai said. 1. Why is the calorie content of food shown with different font sizes on menus? A. To make the food look much tastier. B. To inform customers of food materials clearly. C. To improve customers’ interest in food science. D. To guide customers towards making healthier food choices. 2. What do the study results suggest? A. Health-conscious people are hardly influenced by the font size. B. Health-conscious people take more time to make food choices. C. Less health-conscious people often choose high-calorie foods. D. Less health-conscious people seldom notice food descriptions. 3. Why does the author mention purple and numbers 50 and 80 in Paragraph 4? A. To offer suggestions on decision-making. B. To explain the effect of the mismatch method. C. To show the limitation of using colored packaging. D. To introduce the role of numbers in information processing. 4. How does Cai probably find the use of a healthy label? A. Worrying. B. Unsatisfying. C. Surprising. D. Comforting. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现对健康食品用大字体进行标注有助于人们选择更健康的食品，解释了原理，并指出目前的不足之处。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They show bigger font (字体) sizes for healthier foods and smaller font sizes for higher-calorie foods. “When restaurants use a larger font size for the calorie content of healthy foods, it will increase customers’ preference to order the healthier items,” Cai said. (他们对健康食品使用较大的字体，对高热量食品则使用较小的字体。蔡表示：“当餐厅对健康食品的卡路里含量采用更大字体时，会提升顾客点选健康食品的意愿。”)”可知，将食物热量用较大字体写在菜单上的目的是引导顾客选择更健康的食品。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But people who had a high level of health awareness seemed to already have favored healthy food. “Even if you used some of the smart tricks, it didn’t work as well as for those who were not so knowledgeable about health,” Cai said. (但那些健康意识较高的人似乎已经喜欢健康食品了。“即使你使用了一些聪明的技巧，对于那些不太了解健康的人来说，它也没有那么有效，”蔡说。)”可知，研究结果表明有健康意识的人几乎不受大字体的影响。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Similarly, when the size of a number doesn’t match how big or small it actually is, people usually want to figure it out, like when the number 50 looks bigger than the number 80. In this way, it helps customers to make their best choices. (同样，当一个数字的大小与它实际的大小不匹配时，人们通常想要弄清楚它，就像数字50看起来比数字80大一样。通过这种方式，它可以帮助客户做出最佳选择。)”推知，作者在第4段提到紫色和数字50和80来解释错配方法的效果——让人们试图弄清楚它们，并做出最佳选择。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Healthy food items could also be beneficial for restaurants, but whenever a healthy label (标签) is given, people may think the food does not taste good. We’re trying to provide restaurants with other signs, rather than saying it out loud,” Cai said. (蔡表示：“健康食品对餐厅而言也可能有益，但只要给食物贴上‘健康’标签，人们就可能觉得它口感不好。我们正尝试为餐厅提供其他标识方式，而非如此直白地标注。”)”推知，蔡认为健康标签可能没有那么令人满意，因为他们正在尝试为餐厅提供其他标识方式。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东聊城·期末） If you’re offered a-free cookie, you might say yes. But if you’re paid to eat a free cookie, would your response be the same? You might politely refuse and walk away thinking, “Something smells fishy.” In a new study, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” because they seem “too good to be true”. In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely — compared with about 20 percent of those offered an additional $2. “People typically infer hidden costs from overly generous offers. In this case, the participants may think the cookies were poisoned,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch. Further experiments, involving more than 4,000 participants, used online questionnaires to present common everyday scenes. In each case, past a certain threshold value (阈值), higher potential monetary gain at no cost reduced participants’ likelihood of accepting the offer. Vonasch says the study illustrates that, against the “standard economic model”, which supposes humans always seek to maximize gains, deals need to be understood as social interactions between people trying to read each other’s minds. If someone seems to go against accepted norms without a solid reason, we assume they have hidden purposes and infer there will be “phantom costs (幻影成本)”. The researchers also showed how to weaken phantom costs’ effect. In one experiment, participants were given three plane tickets for the same flight, respectively costing $235, $275, and $205. Most people chose the $205 ticket. However, if the third option was $15, hardly anyone chose the cheapest one. They rejected it because they imagined horrible phantom costs. However, when the researchers accounted for the incredibly cheap offer — very uncomfortable seats — most participants preferred the $15 flight. The scientists are also about to experiment with human and artificial intelligence interactions. “Will people act the same way when AI is overly generous to them?” Vonasch says. “AI is always programmed to appear more human-like and people tend to treat AI agents as if they have a mind, when obviously they don’t.” 1. What does the underlined part “smells fishy” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Is worth studying. B. Is hard to realize. C. Seems untrustworthy. D. Sounds very appealing. 2. Which of the following options will participants most possibly refuse? A. A travel package with a 50% discount. B. Being offered cash for taking a lift home. C. A $100 reward for returning one’s lost phone. D. Being given a prize for accepting an interview. 3. What insight can businesses gain from the “cheap flight” experiment? A. Keep prices as low as possible. B. Offer customers a variety of options. C. Give explanations for overgenerous offers. D. Adjust pricing following competitors. 4. What will the researchers investigate in further studies? A. How AI’s responses impact humans’ expectations. B. How AI can be programmed to be more human-like. C. Whether AI can give humans overly generous offers. D. Whether we assume phantom costs in human-AI interactions. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明，人们会拒绝“天上掉馅饼”式的好处，因觉其有隐藏成本（即“幻影成本”），这与标准经济模型相悖，研究还探讨了减弱该效应的方法及将实验扩展到人机交互的计划。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“If you’re offered a-free cookie, you might say yes. But if you’re paid to eat a free cookie, would your response be the same?(如果有人递给你一块免费的饼干，你可能会欣然接受。但如果有人付钱让你去吃这块免费的饼干，你的反应会一样吗？)”可知，当人们被付钱吃免费饼干时，可能会拒绝并觉得“smells fishy”，后文“In a new study, researchers found that people tend to turn down offers of “free money” because they seem “too good to be true”.(在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，人们往往会拒绝“免费获得金钱”的提议，因为他们觉得这些提议“好得不真实”)”提到这种拒绝是因为优惠“看起来好得不像真”（too good to be true），暗示可疑或不可信，故划线短语的意思是“似乎不可信”。故选C。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent of participants ate a cookie offered freely — compared with about 20 percent of those offered an additional $2. “People typically infer hidden costs from overly generous offers. In this case, the participants may think the cookies were poisoned,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch.(在最初的实验中，近 40%的参与者随意接受了提供的饼干，而那些额外获得 2 美元奖励的参与者中这一比例约为 20%。“人们通常会从过于慷慨的提议中推断出潜在的隐性成本。在这种情况下，参与者可能会认为这些饼干有毒。”研究的主要作者安德鲁·J·沃纳沙说道)”可知，人们对“过于慷慨”或“反常”优惠的怀疑，尤其是无额外成本却获得高收益的提议（如付钱吃免费饼干），故参与者最有可能拒绝被提出用现金奖励的方式让他们搭乘交通工具回家。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers also showed how to weaken phantom costs’ effect. In one experiment, participants were given three plane tickets for the same flight, respectively costing $235, $275, and $205. Most people chose the $205 ticket. However, if the third option was $15, hardly anyone chose the cheapest one. They rejected it because they imagined horrible phantom costs. However, when the researchers accounted for the incredibly cheap offer — very uncomfortable seats — most participants preferred the $15 flight.(研究人员还展示了如何削弱“幻影成本”的影响。在一项实验中，参与者获得了三张同一航班的机票，价格分别为235美元、275美元和205美元。大多数人选择了205美元的机票。然而，如果第三个选项是15美元，几乎没有人会选择价格最低的那张票。他们拒绝选择它是因为他们想象到了可怕的“幻觉成本”。然而，当研究人员考虑到这个极其便宜的选项——非常不舒服的座位时，大多数参与者更倾向于选择15美元的航班)”可知，企业可通过解释原因（如明确潜在缺点）来消除客户疑虑，提高对“过于慷慨”优惠的接受度。故选C。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The scientists are also about to experiment with human and artificial intelligence interactions. “Will people act the same way when AI is overly generous to them?” Vonasch says. “AI is always programmed to appear more human-like and people tend to treat AI agents as if they have a mind, when obviously they don’t.”(科学家们还将开展有关人类与人工智能互动的实验。沃纳斯奇说：“当人工智能对人们过于慷慨时，人们会做出同样的反应吗？人工智能总是被设定为表现得更像人类，而人们往往会把人工智能代理当作有思维的存在来对待，但实际上它们根本就没有思维。”)”可知，研究人员在后续研究中将会探究我们在人与人工智能的交互过程中是否需要考虑虚拟成本。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东实验中学·期末） The global use of streaming media has provided fans of niche sports (小众体育) with easy access to international sports programs, and for followers of traditional major sports, a way to get to know niche sports. The increase of viewership platforms in the digital age has enabled many fans to explore their favorite niche sports deeper, while others actively discover new sports to follow and enjoy. Accordingly, fan clubs for niche sports have been growing. Among the most noticeable developments in recent years that catch the fans’ attention is the rise of niche sports leagues (联盟). They attract thousands of fans to watch their games, and their television viewers reach millions. Given how quickly sports followers warm up to the leagues, everyone seems to know about them, which brings up some questions — who are watching these games and what makes a niche sports fan? According to a recent Global Web Index report on niche sports followers, a niche sports fan is a person who follows or watches at least five niche sports leagues or events. More than half of niche sports fans fall within the 25-44 age range. They are excited about the sports content shown on streaming media, and are more likely to pay for such services compared to the general population. And they present a higher likelihood of using many kinds of second screens in sports seasons, including laptops, smartwatches, and smartphones. Pickleball (匹克球) is a great example of a niche sport that has developed from a relatively unknown activity to a US national passion. So, what will the next pickleball be? Managing Director Peter Cosco from Isos Growth Advisory, a sports investment company, said, “Technological advancement helps fans get involved in sports, but it doesn’t make it certain. Developing fan love for a new sport, especially a niche one, takes careful management of resources, a well thought-out plan, good relationships with the right people, and the ’play’ factor. That is, is it fun to play and fun to watch?” 1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A. More people are aware of sports’ benefits. B. Technology contributes to niche sports’ popularity. C. Fans have a positive effect on niche sports’ development. D. Sports platforms have made huge economic gain in recent years. 2. What does the author mean by saying “sports followers warm up to the leagues”? A. Sports followers want to join the leagues. B. The leagues have attracted energetic players. C. The leagues make changes based on fans’ preferences. D. Sports followers become very interested in the leagues. 3. What is a characteristic of niche sports fans? A. They are addicted to electronics. B. They come from different age groups. C. They are socially disconnected in daily life. D. They are highly dependent on digital services. 4. What do Peter Cosco’s words suggest? A. Pickleball became widely known by accident. B. A sport needs various conditions to interest people. C. Niche sports should be improved to attract a larger audience. D. Technology offers increasing chances to introduce newborn sports. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了小众体育在数字时代的发展、小众体育迷的特点以及小众体育吸引人的条件。 【1题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The global use of streaming media has provided fans of niche sports (小众体育) with easy access to international sports programs, and for followers of traditional major sports, a way to get to know niche sports. The increase of viewership platforms in the digital age has enabled many fans to explore their favorite niche sports deeper, while others actively discover new sports to follow and enjoy.(流媒体在全球的普及为小众体育迷提供了观看国际体育节目的便捷途径，也为传统主流体育迷提供了了解小众体育的途径。数字时代收视平台的增加使许多球迷能够更深入地探索他们喜爱的小众体育，而其他人则积极发现新的体育项目来关注和享受。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了科技有助于小众体育的流行。故选B。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Among the most noticeable developments in recent years that catch the fans’ attention is the rise of niche sports leagues (联盟). They attract thousands of fans to watch their games, and their television viewers reach millions. Given how quickly sports followers warm up to the leagues, everyone seems to know about them, which brings up some questions — who are watching these games and what makes a niche sports fan?(近年来，最引人注目且吸引粉丝关注的发展趋势之一，便是小众体育联盟的兴起。这些联盟吸引着成千上万的球迷现场观看比赛，电视观众更是达到数百万之众。鉴于体育迷们对这些联盟的热情升温之快，似乎人人都对它们有所了解，这不禁引发了一些疑问——究竟是谁在观看这些比赛？什么样的人会成为小众体育迷呢？)”可推知，作者说“体育迷们对联赛的热情升温之快”是指体育迷们对联赛非常感兴趣。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“According to a recent Global Web Index report on niche sports followers, a niche sports fan is a person who follows or watches at least five niche sports leagues or events. More than half of niche sports fans fall within the 25-44 age range. They are excited about the sports content shown on streaming media, and are more likely to pay for such services compared to the general population. And they present a higher likelihood of using many kinds of second screens in sports seasons, including laptops, smartwatches, and smartphones.(根据Global Web Index最近发布的一份关于小众体育迷的报告，小众体育迷是指关注或观看至少五个小众体育联盟或赛事的人。超过一半的小众体育迷年龄在25-44岁之间。他们对流媒体上展示的体育内容感到兴奋，与普通人群相比，他们更有可能为这类服务付费。在体育赛季，他们更有可能使用多种第二屏幕，包括笔记本电脑、智能手表和智能手机。)”可知，小众体育迷的特点是他们高度依赖数字服务。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Managing Director Peter Cosco from Isos Growth Advisory, a sports investment company, said, “Technological advancement helps fans get involved in sports, but it doesn’t make it certain. Developing fan love for a new sport, especially a niche one, takes careful management of resources, a well thought-out plan, good relationships with the right people, and the ’play’ factor. That is, is it fun to play and fun to watch?”(体育投资公司Isos Growth Advisory的总经理Peter Cosco表示：“技术进步有助于球迷参与体育运动，但这并不是必然的。培养球迷对一项新运动，尤其是一项小众运动的热爱，需要精心管理资源、周密的计划、与合适的人建立良好的关系，以及‘玩’的因素。也就是说，玩起来有趣，看起来也有趣吗？”)”可推知，Peter Cosco的话暗示了一项运动需要各种条件才能引起人们的兴趣。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东枣庄·期末） Artificial intelligence-powered robots are transforming the kitchen in the food industry. In a restaurant in Chengdu, southwest China’s Sichuan Province, an AI-powered robot chef can cook a delicious dish in just 63 seconds. Recently, a face-off between a robot and Hunan chef Yang Sun caught much attention in the culinary world. The two “chefs” each prepared three dishes. With dishes cooked by both being equally impressive in terms of presentation, fragrance, and flavor, the robot completed the task in just 3 minutes and 8 seconds, while Yang took 9 minutes and 32 seconds to finish. Behind the dazzling skills of the robot chef lies the support of a large AI model. The model launched by Wan AIChef integrates ingredient selection, cooking decision-making, and equipment control. It not only enables automated (自动的) cooking but also provides personalized service based on user taste preferences. The model contributes to the evolving capabilities of AI chefs. Some AI food service robots can not only cook tasty dishes, but also take care of tasks like preparing ingredients, washing and chopping vegetables, and packaging meals from start to finish. Using AI chefs has become a fresh approach for food businesses to cut costs and increase productivity. The expenses of buying and maintaining AI food service robots are reasonable, making them a favorable choice for large-scale dish preparation. An annual report on the development of China’s food industry in 2024, released by the China Hospitality Association, says 65.7 percent of surveyed companies have integrated digitalization into their development plans, and the application situations of AI in the food industry are expanding. However, according to cooking enthusiast Luo Jian, an AI chef lacks the true essence of cooking. He believes that the interplay between ingredients and cooking time arises from a chef’s accumulated experience, a flavor that machines cannot easily copy. 1. What advantage did the robot chef show in the face-off? A. Taste. B. Fragrance. C. Appearance. D. Speed. 2. Which of the following best describes AI chefs according to paragraph 3? A. Low-cost. B. Time-saving. C. Multi-tasking. D. Self-improving. 3. What can be inferred from the 2024 annual report? A. Most companies are applying AI chefs. B. AI is rapidly entering food industry. C. Digitalization helps make better plans. D. AI will cause much unemployment. 4. What can we learn from Luo Jian’s comment? A. Experience matters in cooking. B. Machine-cooked food is tasteless. C. AI chefs lack basic cooking skills. D. AI chefs are better than human ones. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍人工智能机器人厨师改变餐饮业，效率高、功能多，应用渐广，但有观点认为其缺乏烹饪精髓，难复制厨师经验。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The two ‘chefs’ each prepared three dishes. With dishes cooked by both being equally impressive in terms of presentation, fragrance, and flavor, the robot completed the task in just 3 minutes and 8 seconds, while Yang took 9 minutes and 32 seconds to finish.(两位‘厨师’每人准备了三道菜。由于两人烹制的菜肴在外观、香味和味道方面都同样令人印象深刻，机器人仅用3分8秒就完成了这项任务，而杨则用了9分32秒才完成。)” 可知，机器人厨师在对决中展现出的优势是速度。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Some AI food service robots can not only cook tasty dishes, but also take care of tasks like preparing ingredients, washing and chopping vegetables, and packaging meals from start to finish.(一些人工智能餐饮机器人不仅能做出美味的菜肴，还能处理从准备食材、洗菜切菜到打包饭菜等一系列任务。)”可知，人工智能厨师能执行多种任务，即“多任务处理”。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“An annual report on the development of China’s food industry in 2024, released by the China Hospitality Association, says 65.7 percent of surveyed companies have integrated digitalization into their development plans, and the application situations of AI in the food industry are expanding.(中国酒店业协会发布的2024年中国食品行业发展年度报告显示，65.7%的受访公司已将数字化纳入其发展计划，人工智能在食品行业的应用情况正在扩大。)”可知，人工智能正迅速进入食品行业。故选B项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“He believes that the interplay between ingredients and cooking time arises from a chef’s accumulated experience, a flavor that machines cannot easily copy.(他认为，食材和烹饪时间之间的相互作用源于厨师积累的经验，这种风味是机器难以复制的。)”可知，Luo Jian的评论表明烹饪中经验很重要。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东德州·期末） Have you ever felt unexpectedly calm walking barefoot on grass or noticed stress fade while standing in the ocean? These experiences may involve “ground”, the practice of direct physical contact with the earth’s surface. Our ancestors were naturally interwoven with the earth, but modern life — through homes, roads, and shoes — has disconnected it. Today, social media promotes grounding mats and sheets as sleep and health aids, but does science back these claims? The human body is conductive, exchanging electricity with the earth and artificial sources. Grounding supporters claim that reconnecting with the earth’s subtle electric charge (微电荷) offers physical and mental benefits, though evidence remains limited. Grounding products, e. g., foot mats, bed sheets, copy this connection by linking to a home’s electrical ground terminal, aiming to bridge the body and earth’s charge without outdoor exposure. A 2022 study found 30- minute daily grounding sessions(5 times a week)improved sleep a bit in Alzheimer’s patients, but no changes in anxiety or depression. These results suggest mixed effects, with some improvements possibly due to psychological effect or daily habit. Grounding is also marketed for reducing pain and inflammation (炎症). A 2025 study assigned 60 participants to use either a grounding mat or an inactive mat that doesn’t work for 31 days. While the grounding group slept slightly longer on average, both groups improved similarly in sleep quality, stress, and daytime sleepiness. However, long- term impacts on fitness or recovery remain unclear. Critics note most studies are small- scale, while supporters see grounding as a low- risk additional method. Grounding products range from $30 to $300+, but outdoor grounding, like walking barefoot, is free. While no studies show harm, those with lasting sleep issues should consult a doctor first. Outdoor light exposure alone aids circadian rhythms (内部生物钟) and mood, possibly outweighing costly tools. In short, grounding is a fascinating concept, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits beyond social media advertisements. 1. What does the underlined word “interwoven” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Occupational. B. Connected. C. Explored. D. Attracted. 2. What is the purpose of grounding products in paragraph 2? A. To block artificial electricity. B. To replace medical treatments. C. To copy earth contact indoors. D. To measure body conductivity. 3. What do the 2022 and 2025 grounding studies agree on? A. Showing limited sleep benefits. B. Changing the level of anxiety. C. Confirming ever-claimed effects. D. Demonstrating pain reduction. 4. What is the author’s attitude toward grounding products? A. Critically opposed. B. Fairly objective. C. Strongly supportive. D. Seemingly uninterested. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“接地”（与地球直接接触），提及相关产品，通过研究说明其对睡眠等益处有限，指出户外接地免费，需更多研究证实效果。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“but modern life — through homes, roads, and shoes — has disconnected it(但现代生活——通过房屋、道路和鞋子等——已经将它与大自然隔绝了开来)”可知，but表示转折，说明interwoven与后文disconnected形成对比，意为“联系的”，故划线词意思是“联系”。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Grounding products, e. g., foot mats, bed sheets, copy this connection by linking to a home’s electrical ground terminal, aiming to bridge the body and earth’s charge without outdoor exposure.(接地产品，例如脚垫、床单等，可以通过将它们与家庭的电气接地端子相连来实现这种接地方式，这样可以将人体与大地的电荷连接起来，同时避免暴露在户外环境中)”可知，第二段中提及“接地”的目的是为了在室内模拟与地球的接触。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A 2022 study found 30-minute daily grounding sessions(5 times a week)improved sleep a bit in Alzheimer’s patients, but no changes in anxiety or depression.( 2022年的一项研究发现，每天进行30分钟的接地练习（每周5次），能略微改善阿尔茨海默病患者的睡眠状况，但对焦虑或抑郁状况并无影响)”以及“While the grounding group slept slightly longer on average, both groups improved similarly in sleep quality, stress, and daytime sleepiness.(虽然接地组平均睡眠时间稍长，但两组在睡眠质量、压力和白天困倦程度方面的改善程度相似)”可知，2022年和2025年的睡眠研究结果都表明睡眠效果有限。故选A。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Grounding products range from $30 to $300+, but outdoor grounding, like walking barefoot, is free. While no studies show harm, those with lasting sleep issues should consult a doctor first. Outdoor light exposure alone aids circadian rhythms (内部生物钟) and mood, possibly outweighing costly tools. In short, grounding is a fascinating concept, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits beyond social media advertisements. (接地产品的价格从30美元到300多美元不等，但户外接地（比如赤脚行走）是免费的。虽然目前没有研究显示会有危害，但那些长期存在睡眠问题的人应该先咨询医生。仅户外光照就能帮助调节生物钟和改善情绪，这可能比昂贵的工具更有作用。简而言之，接地是一个非常有趣的概念，但还需要更多的研究来证实其除社交媒体宣传之外的其他益处)”可知，作者既介绍了接地产品的价格，也指出证据有限、需更多研究，同时提到户外接地的优势，推测作者对接地产品态度客观中立，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东济宁·期末） You know when you see someone yawn (打哈欠), and suddenly, you find yourself yawning seconds later. It’s possible that, just like a yawn, stress works similarly. Think about how many times you’ve felt stressed out when a family member, or coworker around you was exhibiting symptoms of stress. This phenomenon, known as secondhand anxiety, has been on the rise, particularly in our hyper-connected world. To truly comprehend secondhand anxiety, we need to look into the neurological (神经学的) basis of empathy and emotional contagion (传染). Our brains are wired for social connection and empathy, which allows us to understand and share the feelings of others. When we observe someone experiencing stress or anxiety, our brains voluntarily begin to mirror their emotional state. This process is driven by mirror neurons, specialized brain cells that fire both when we perform an action and when we observe someone else performing the same action. Our family, close relationships and workplace environments are all significant sources of secondhand anxiety. However, in the digital age, social media and online interactions have become major contributors. Constant exposure to deliberately designed films of others’ lives, as well as the rapid spread of false news can lead to feelings of failure, fear, and anxiety. Sometimes, this shared emotional experience is a positive thing— it allows us to connect on a deeper level with those we care about. But when someone’s anxious energy begins to disturb your peace of mind, this empathy can turn poisonous. Fortunately, there are several strategies we can employ to manage and prevent secondhand anxiety. One of the most important steps is setting limits. If you feel the person is starting to take a toll on you, you can “take strategic escapes”. For example, start your phone calls with a breath and calmly say “I’m so busy.” Learn to say no to taking on others’ problems. Of course, it’s not just other people’s stress that matters— our own mindset affects the happiness of those around us. A positive mindset can improve our own lives, and the lives of everyone around us. 1. Why does the author refer to “yawn” at the beginning? A. To describe an interesting scene. B. To introduce a similar phenomenon. C. To present the state of teenagers. D. To show side effects caused by stress. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The activity of brain in easing anxiety. B. The symptoms of secondhand anxiety. C. The science behind secondhand anxiety. D. The role of brain in regulating our body. 3. What does the underlined phrase “take a toll on” in the last paragraph mean? A. Have a bad effect on. B. Tell a white lie to. C. Make threats against. D. Take advantage of. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title? A. Emotional Contagion: Can We Get Secondhand Mood? B. Mental Disorder: The Stress You Suffer from Hard Work. C. Stress Management: How to Cope with Stress in Our Lives? D. Secondhand Anxiety: Hidden Impacts of Stress on Our Lives. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过类比“哈欠传染”引出“二手焦虑”现象，并分析其科学原理、传播途径及应对方法，强调现代社会中间接压力对心理健康的影响。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“You know when you see someone yawn(打哈欠), and suddenly, you find yourself yawning seconds later. It’s possible that, just like a yawn, stress works similarly.(你知道当你看到别人打哈欠时，突然，几秒钟后你自己也开始打哈欠。有可能，就像打哈欠一样，压力的作用也是类似的。)” 可知，作者开头提到“打哈欠”是为了引入类似的“二手焦虑”现象。故选B项。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“To truly comprehend secondhand anxiety, we need to look into the neurological (神经学的) basis of empathy and emotional contagion(传染). Our brains are wired for social connection and empathy, which allows us to understand and share the feelings of others. When we observe someone experiencing stress or anxiety, our brains voluntarily begin to mirror their emotional state. This process is driven by mirror neurons, specialized brain cells that fire both when we perform an action and when we observe someone else performing the same action.(为了真正理解“二手焦虑”，我们需要研究同理心和情绪传染的神经基础。我们的大脑天生具有社交联系和同理心，这使我们能够理解和分享他人的感受。当我们观察到有人经历压力或焦虑时，我们的大脑会主动开始反映他们的情绪状态。这个过程是由镜像神经元驱动的，镜像神经元是专门的脑细胞，当我们执行一个动作时，当我们观察到其他人执行相同的动作时，它们都会放电。)”可知，第二段主要讲“二手焦虑”背后的科学原理。故选C项。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“If you feel the person is starting to take a toll on you, you can “take strategic escapes”. For example, start your phone calls with a breath and calmly say “I’m so busy.”(如果你觉得这个人开始对你take a toll on you，你可以“战略性逃离”。例如，先深呼吸再打电话，平静地说“我太忙了。”)”中“you can “take strategic escapes””可推测，take a toll on意为“产生不良影响”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“二手焦虑”展开，介绍其类似打哈欠的传染现象、神经学原理、来源、影响及应对策略，核心是“二手焦虑”对生活的潜在影响，所以D项Secondhand Anxiety: Hidden Impacts of Stress on Our Lives.(二手焦虑：压力对我们生活的潜在影响。)符合文意。故选D项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东宁阳·期末） With AI playing a growing role, Dr. Google is often on call for worried patients. Information from the right websites can teach patients about symptoms(症状) and prepare them for a doctor’s visit. But a poorly done search might cause anxiety before someone reaches the waiting room. Knowing where the information is from and avoiding identifying your health issue by yourself with Google AI are important. When doing a search, don’t click the first link without hesitation. Some companies pay to have their websites listed at the top of a results page. Surf the internet for results that come from sites you can trust for medical information, which can include big health systems like the Mayo Clinic or sites run by government agencies. “We’ve gotten so used to clicking on that first link,” says John Grohol, a psychologist specializing in online behavior. “For your health information, you’d better be careful.” According to Dr. Eric Boose, how you raise a question plays a big role in the results you desire. They suggest patients should seek for information based on symptoms, but not an expected way to treat. “You’d better ask proper questions in the first place,” added Dr. Eric Boose. “For example, when finding blood in your urine(尿), you should ask, ‘What could cause blood in my urine?’ instead of ‘Does the blood in my urine mean cancer?’” Blood in one’s urine could suggest cancer, but it might be given rise to by kidney(肾) stones or an infection(感染) of unknown causes. Visiting a doctor familiar with your medical history may be the best solution in this situation. “Similar symptoms may appear in minor conditions as well as major ones,” explained Dr. Sarah Sams, “So focusing on a result means missing other explanations, especially if you just click the first few links listed on the website.” For some issues, give up the search altogether. If you are experiencing chest pains, dizziness or showing signs of a stroke, seek help immediately. 1. What do patients tend to do nowadays? A. Treat diseases themselves. B. Choose to call Dr Google regularly. C. Turn to AI for medical information. D. Seek for doctors’ advice immediately. 2. What can we infer from paragraph 2? A. Mayo Clinic can be reliable. B. The first link is certainly trustworthy. C. Websites protect users’ health information. D. Government sites provide more information. 3. Which question is considered proper when you ask AI for medical help? A. What can bring about cough? B. Are the spots on the skin cancer? C. May high fever be caused by an infection? D. What may be the best solution to headache? 4. What is the main idea of the the text? A. AI can provide exact medical information. B. AI performs better than traditional doctors. C. Using AI for medical help should be careful. D. Dr Google will replace traditional doctors gradually. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能在医疗咨询中作用渐增，患者可从中获取信息，但需注意信息来源、正确提问，部分急症应立即就医，避免自行诊断。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“With AI playing a growing role, Dr. Google is often on call for worried patients. Information from the right websites can teach patients about symptoms(症状) and prepare them for a doctor’s visit.( 随着人工智能的作用越来越大，“谷歌医生”经常随叫随到，为忧心忡忡的病人服务。从正确的网站获取的信息可以让患者了解症状，并让他们为去看医生做好准备。)”可知，随着人工智能作用日益增大，患者经常向类似“谷歌医生” 这样的人工智能获取医疗信息 。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Surf the internet for results that come from sites you can trust for medical information, which can include big health systems like the Mayo Clinic or sites run by government agencies.( 在网上浏览你可以信任的医疗信息网站的结果，这些网站可以包括像Mayo Clinic这样的大型卫生系统，也可以是政府机构运营的网站。)”，意思是浏览互联网时要找来自可靠医疗信息网站的结果，像Mayo Clinic这样的大型医疗系统或政府机构运营的网站。由此可推断Mayo Clinic是可靠的。故选A项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“They suggest patients should seek for information based on symptoms, but not an expected way to treat.( 他们建议患者应该根据症状寻求信息，而不是期望的治疗方法。)”以及举例“For example, when finding blood in your urine(尿), you should ask, ‘What could cause blood in my urine?’ instead of ‘Does the blood in my urine mean cancer?( 例如，当你发现自己尿血时，你应该问：‘什么原因导致我尿血？，而不是“我尿血意味着癌症吗？)”可知，向人工智能寻求医疗帮助时，应该基于症状提问，而不是询问预期的治疗方式或直接认定疾病。由此可推知，A选项“What can bring about cough?”（什么会引起咳嗽？）是基于症状提问，正确。故选A项。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头指出患者常向人工智能获取医疗信息，接着强调要注意信息来源，谨慎点击链接，要正确提问等，最后还说有些情况要直接寻求医生帮助，放弃搜索。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是使用人工智能寻求医疗帮助时应该小心谨慎。故选C项。 Passage 4 （24-25学年高一下·山东寿光·期末） In an age dominated by smartphones, researchers are discovering gradual cognitive (认知的) decrease linked to over-dependence on digital tools. A 2023 Cambridge University study found that frequent users of navigation apps had the ability to remember locations weakened by 23% compared to those who used traditional maps. Functional MRI (磁共振成像) scans showed less activity in the hippocampus (海马体的) of GPS-dependent individuals when recalling routes, while those using traditional navigation methods had stronger neural (神经的) connections in memory-related brain areas. The cognitive effects go beyond navigation. A Tokyo University experiment revealed that language learners using apps with automatic translation features scored 15% lower in natural sentence construction tests than those who learned from textbooks. Cognitive scientist Dr. Eleanor Richards of Oxford explains, “Our brains adapt to technological shortcuts by weakening underused neural pathways — similar to how muscles atrophy (萎缩) without exercise.” This realization has led to counter-trends in both education and business. In 2022, German software company TechSphere GmbH started “Analog Fridays”, requiring employees not to use digital tools but paper notebooks every Friday. After the policy, surveys found that meeting attendance went up by 19%, and employees reported 27% less mental tiredness. CEO Markus Weber says, “We don’t hate technology. But choosing to disconnect on purpose helps us get back our thinking ability.” Industry reports show that by 2023, 12% of new companies in Silicon Valley had similar rules. Educational reforms reflect this shift. The University of Amsterdam now requires first-year students to take handwritten lecture notes, with these students scoring 14% higher on exams than those who used laptops. Stationery brand Moleskine has seen a 40% increase in planner sales since 2021, with 35% of buyers being tech workers who want to be productive without using screens. Neuroscientists say we need balanced ways. Dr. Richards suggests “cognitive zoning”: using digital tools to store data, and keep traditional methods for important thinking tasks. As AI is used more, the key is not to refuse technology, but to create mixed systems that protect our basic human thinking abilities. 1. What did the Cambridge University study find about frequent users of navigation apps? A. Decreased hippocampal activity. B. Enhanced memory storage. C. Improved route planning speed. D. Stronger neural connections. 2. The underlined word “counter-trends” in Paragraph 3 refers to actions that ________. A. promote the use of digital tools B. reduce screen time for cognitive benefits C. criticize the limitations of technology D. study the impact of apps on learning 3. What does “cognitive zoning” recommend? A. Completely stopping the use of digital tools. B. Making digital storage faster and more effective. C. Separating tasks and using different methods accordingly. D. Controlling how quickly AI is combined with our work. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards digital tools? A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Objective. D. Unfavorable. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，过度依赖数字工具会削弱认知能力，但完全拒绝技术并非解决方案，关键在于平衡使用传统与数字方法，以保护人类的基础思维能力。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Functional MRI (磁共振成像) scans showed less activity in the hippocampus (海马体的) of GPS-dependent individuals when recalling routes (功能性核磁共振扫描显示，依赖GPS的个体在回忆路线时，海马体的活动较少)”可知，剑桥大学的研究发现依赖GPS的用户海马体活动减少。故选A项。 【2题详解】 词句猜测题。画线词的下文“In 2022, German software company TechSphere GmbH started “Analog Fridays”, requiring employees not to use digital tools but paper notebooks every Friday. (2022年，德国软件公司TechSphere GmbH启动了“模拟星期五”，要求员工每周五不使用数字工具，而是使用纸质笔记本)”和“But choosing to disconnect on purpose helps us get back our thinking ability. (但是故意选择断开连接可以帮助我们恢复思考能力)”提到企业禁止使用数字工具，提倡手写笔记等做法，其目的是恢复思考能力，这些做法与过度依赖数字工具的主流趋势相反，由此可知，画线词意思是“减少屏幕时间以提升认知能力”。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dr. Richards suggests “cognitive zoning”: using digital tools to store data, and keep traditional methods for important thinking tasks. (Richards博士建议采用“认知分区”：使用数字工具存储数据，并将传统方法用于重要的思考任务)”可知，“认知分区”的方法建议区分任务并采用相应的不同方法。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“In an age dominated by smartphones, researchers are discovering gradual cognitive (认知的) decrease linked to over-dependence on digital tools. (在一个以智能手机为主导的时代，研究人员发现，过度依赖数字工具与认知能力逐渐下降有关)”和最后一段中“Dr. Richards suggests “cognitive zoning”: using digital tools to store data, and keep traditional methods for important thinking tasks. As AI is used more, the key is not to refuse technology, but to create mixed systems that protect our basic human thinking abilities. (Richards博士建议采用“认知分区”：使用数字工具存储数据，并将传统方法用于重要的思考任务。随着人工智能应用的增多，关键不在于拒绝技术，而在于创建能够保护人类基本思维能力的混合系统。)”可知，作者既指出过度依赖数字工具的认知危害，也承认其存储数据的便利性，并建议平衡使用传统方法和数字工具，因此他对数字工具的态度是客观的。A. Critical批判的；B. Supportive支持的；C. Objective客观的；D. Unfavorable反对的。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25学年高一下·山东烟台·期末） Swimming robots play a key role in mapping pollution, studying water ecosystems, and monitoring water quality in sensitive areas. However, many previous devices rely on noisy propellers (螺旋桨), which can do harm to wildlife. The natural elements in these environments also challenge robotic swimmers. To address these issues, researchers at EPFL’s School of Engineering have developed a multi-functional swimming robot. Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise. This design, combined with its light weight, allows the robot to float on water and mix in naturally with its surroundings. “Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian. To drive the robot, the researchers have developed a unique electronic control system that is environmentally safe. Light sensors act as simple eyes, allowing the robot to sense and follow light sources by itself. They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests. “We aim to extend operating times and enhance autonomy,” says Hartmann. “The insights gained from this project will not only advance the science of bioinspired robotics but also lay the foundation for practical, lifelike robotic systems that harmonize with nature.” 1. What is the unique feature of the new swimming robot? A. It can widen tight spaces. B. It can produce fresh water. C. It is propeller-powered and lightweight. D. It is noise-free and flexible. 2. What are Florian’s statements aimed at in paragraph 3? A. Describing the testing process. B. Pointing out limitations in design. C. Stressing technical advancement. D. Praising the highest moving speed. 3. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us concerning the new robot? A. Its energy consumption modes. B. Its monitoring strategies. C. Its reliability in gathering information. D. Its possible applications. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A book review. B. A scientific journal. C. A business report. D. An official document. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型游泳机器人的特点及应用前景。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional propeller-based systems, the EPFL robot moves through water using wave-like fins (鳍) without noise.(与传统基于螺旋桨的系统不同，洛桑联邦理工学院的机器人通过波浪状的鳍在水中移动，没有噪音)”以及第三段中“By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian.(洛桑联邦理工学院（EPFL）研究员弗洛里安（Florian）解释道：“通过摆动鳍的速度比海扁虫快10倍，这款机器人能够达到每秒12厘米（相当于自身身长2.6倍）的惊人速度。得益于其特殊的鳍，它具备出色的机动性，能够向前、向后、侧向游动以及转弯。”)”可知，新游泳机器人的独特之处在于它没有噪音且灵活。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中““Our design doesn’t simply copy nature; it goes beyond what natural creatures can achieve. By swinging its fins 10 times faster than sea flatworms, the robot can reach an impressive speed of 12 cm (2. 6 body-lengths) per second. Thanks to its special fins, it has excellent mobility, capable of swimming forward, backward, sideways and turning,” explains EPFL researcher Florian.(“我们的设计不仅仅是模仿自然；它超越了自然生物所能达到的。通过摆动鳍的速度比海扁虫快10倍，机器人可以达到每秒12厘米（2.6体长）的惊人速度。由于其特殊的鳍，它具有出色的机动性，能够向前、向后、侧向和转弯游泳，”洛桑联邦理工学院研究员Florian解释道)”可推知，Florian的话旨强调该机器人在设计上的技术进步，超越了自然界生物的能力。故选C。 【3题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“They expect this robot will help in areas like environmental monitoring and studies, pollution tracking, and modern agriculture. For instance, in pollution tracking, it can quickly find the sources of pollutants, whether chemical spills in industrial zones or oil leaks in tight ocean environments, by constantly collecting and analyzing data. Their next goal involves building a more reliable platform for field tests.(他们希望这种机器人能够在环境监测与研究、污染追踪和现代农业等领域发挥作用。例如，在污染追踪方面，它可以通过不断收集和分析数据，迅速找到污染物的来源，无论是工业区的化学泄漏还是海洋狭窄环境中的石油泄漏。他们的下一个目标是建立一个更可靠的野外测试平台)”可知，第五段主要介绍了新机器人可能的应用领域。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“Smaller than a credit card and weighing 6 grams, the swimming robot, inspired by sea flatworms, is ideal for environments with limited space like rice fields, or for performing examinations in waterborne machines. It can travel through narrow spaces and transport goods much heavier than itself. (这个比信用卡还小、重6克的游泳机器人，灵感来自于海扁虫，非常适合在空间有限的环境中使用，比如稻田，或者在水上机器上进行检查。它可以穿过狭窄的空间，运输比自己重得多的货物)”可知，文章主要介绍了洛桑联邦理工学院研发的一种新型多功能游泳机器人，包括其设计特点、技术优势以及潜在的应用领域。由此可推知，文章最可能出自科学期刊。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25学年高一下·山东潍坊·期末） When facing an enemy, animals generally tend to fight, flee or simply stop moving. But baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) do something else completely: they vibrate (振动). Newly-born caterpillars, very tiny, live and feed alone on the very tips of leaves. In a recent study, scientists found that the caterpillars are rather protective of their little habitat. If another caterpillar moves into their territory (领地), these tiny creatures start wildly shaking their heads and bodies against the leaf. The behaviors signal that their leaf tip is off-limits to an unexpected visitor. This research “takes me into how complex the sensory world of even a tiny creature is — a world that humans are just not aware of,” says Jayne E. Yack, an author of the new study. The scientists used close-up videos and an instrument that could pick up a leaf’s vibrations without touching it to explore the caterpillars’ shaky world. “For such small caterpillars, their vibrations are like lion roars,” Yack says. “You have to take the headphones off your ears because they’re so loud.” The flexible leaf tip may also increase the sound, she adds. These wild vibrations could be a bluff (虚张声势); some spiders make similar moves. “It’s a distinct possibility that they’re copying a spider to prevent somebody else from taking over their precious leaf tip,” Yack says. Like singing birds, “these caterpillars are also declaring ownership of their territories and competing with enemies — in this case by sending vibrations through the leaf surface rather than the air,” says Andrew Mason, who studies animal communication and was not involved in the study. “This study gives us a window onto this otherwise undetectable world.” 1. What does the underlined word “off-limits” probably mean in paragraph 2? A. Relevant. B. Forbidden. C. Limited. D. Accessible. 2. What can we learn about caterpillars from paragraph 3? A. They are too small to track. B. They vibrate in various ways. C. Their vibrations are very powerful. D. Their world is simpler than expected. 3. What might be the purpose of caterpillars copying spiders? A. To attract partners. B. To make traps. C. To protect territories. D. To attack enemies. 4. What does Andrew Mason think of the study? A. Breakthrough. B. One-sided. C. Risky. D. Typical. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，新生毛毛虫会通过强烈振动保护叶尖领地，可能模仿蜘蛛，这为了解其感知世界提供了新视角。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“If another caterpillar moves into their territory (领地), these tiny creatures start wildly shaking their heads and bodies against the leaf. The behaviors signal that their leaf tip is off-limits to an unexpected visitor.(如果另一只毛毛虫进入它们的领地，这些小家伙就会对着叶子疯狂地摇头晃身。这些行为表明，它们的叶尖对不速之客是off-limits。)”和最后一段“these caterpillars are also declaring ownership of their territories and competing with enemies — in this case by sending vibrations through the leaf surface rather than the air(这些毛毛虫也在宣布对自己领地的所有权，并与敌人竞争——在这种情况下，它们通过叶子表面而不是空气发送振动)”可猜测，新生毛毛虫会通过强烈振动宣布对自己叶尖领地的所有权，禁止其他毛毛虫进入自己的领地，off-limits意为“禁止的”，与B选项Forbidden语义一致。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“‘For such small caterpillars, their vibrations are like lion roars,’ Yack says. ‘You have to take the headphones off your ears because they’re so loud.’(亚克说：‘对于这么小的毛毛虫来说，它们的振动就像狮子的吼叫。你必须摘下耳机，因为声音太大了。’)”可知，毛毛虫的振动非常强烈。故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“‘It’s a distinct possibility that they’re copying a spider to prevent somebody else from taking over their precious leaf tip,’ Yack says.(亚克说：‘它们很有可能在模仿蜘蛛，以防止其他生物占据它们宝贵的叶尖。’)”可知，毛毛虫模仿蜘蛛的目的是保护领地。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段Andrew Mason所说“This study gives us a window onto this otherwise undetectable world.(这项研究为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以了解这个原本无法察觉的世界。)”可知，他认为这项研究具有突破性。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25学年高一下·山东青岛·期末） Anyone with even a passing interest in the natural world will have noticed a dramatic phenomenon this year: a lack of insects. Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. There are several probable reasons for this sudden reduction compared with typical summers. The weather has not helped, with a cool and wet spring across much of the country affecting insect numbers. But even with that factored in, this year’s sudden drop comes after many years of going down little by little. Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands, there are more practical implications. For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. The present position will hopefully last for a short time but is nonetheless a wake-up call about the degree of losses that have taken place in recent decades. One thing that we can all do to help is to get out and gather more information. This weekend the annual Big Butterfly Count gets under way, helping people survey their local area as part of a necessary national counting exercise — a fantastic example of citizen science in action. Nature is not just a nice thing to have: it is important for our national health, wealth and safety. Our butterflies and other insects are telling us something rather important. 1. What can we learn about this year’s butterflies? A. Their numbers suffer a sharp drop. B. Their species are rich and varied. C. They can be found in many places. D. Their migration habits have changed. 2. Why is Dave Goulson mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To suggest solutions to farming issues. B. To show insect numbers a century ago. C. To explain the impact of the cool wet spring. D. To offer evidence for a long-term phenomenon. 3. What does the underlined word “implications” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Effects. B. Advantages. C. Features. D. Opportunities. 4. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A. Appreciate butterflies’ beauty. B. Wait for short-term recovery. C. Join in citizen science activities. D. Study insect losses professionally. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年昆虫数量锐减尤其是蝴蝶近乎消失的现象，分析原因并呼吁公众参与保护行动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perhaps most noticeable is the near-absence of butterflies. Species that are usually common are in many places down to the point of having almost disappeared. (也许最明显的是蝴蝶几乎绝迹。通常很常见的物种在许多地方几乎消失殆尽。)”可知，今年蝴蝶的数量急剧下降。故选A。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dave Goulson, one of the UK’s leading entomologists (昆虫学家), says that insect populations compared with a century ago are 90% to 95% down. That was not caused by one wet spring: it is the result of a combination of factors that include the rise of ever more intensive farming, destruction of animals’ living environment and the impacts of climate breakdown. (英国顶尖昆虫学家之一戴夫·古尔森表示，与一个世纪前相比，昆虫数量减少了90%至95%。这不是一个潮湿的春天造成的：这是多种因素共同作用的结果，包括日益集约的农业兴起、动物生存环境的破坏以及气候崩溃的影响。)”可知，提到戴夫·古尔森是为了说明昆虫数量减少是一个长期现象，而非单一原因导致。故选D。 【3题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Aside from the disheartening silence and stillness of gardens, woods and grasslands (除了花园、树林和草地的令人沮丧的寂静和静止)”以及后文“For example, many of our crop plants-including tomatoes, apples and strawberries-depend on wild insects to pollinate (授粉) them. Insects are also the food source of many birds that are also in decrease. (例如，我们的许多作物植物，包括西红柿、苹果和草莓，都依赖野生昆虫为它们授粉。昆虫也是许多鸟类的食物来源，这些鸟类的数量也在减少。)”可知，昆虫数量减少除了带来寂静的花园等直观感受外，还有更实际的影响，比如影响农作物授粉和鸟类食物来源。故implications意思是“影响”。A. Ef$