内容正文:
Unit 5-6 词句高频考点、重难点讲义
Unit 5词句高频考点、重难点讲练
1、congratulations
【用法讲解】
congratulations作名词(常用复数),意为"祝贺;恭喜"。
【词形变化】
congratulate v. 祝贺
【常用结构】
① congratulations on (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而祝贺
例句:Congratulations on winning the competition! (祝贺你赢得比赛!)
② congratulations to sb. 向某人祝贺
例句:Congratulations to all the winners. (祝贺所有获胜者。)
【常见短语】
offer congratulations (致以祝贺)
【易错点】
congratulations通常用复数,不可说a congratulation(除非指祝贺信/电)。注意介词搭配:on表示原因,to表示对象。
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一、单项选择题
1. ________ on your success in the competition!
A. Congratulation B. Congratulations C. Congratulate D. Congratulating
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Let me ________ (congratulation) you on your excellent exam results.
2、on time
【用法讲解】
on time意为"准时;按时"。
例句:The train arrived on time. (火车准点到达。)
【易混短语辨析】on time与in time
① on time指按照时刻表或约定时间,不迟到。
例句:The meeting started on time. (会议准时开始。)
② in time指"及时",在截止时间之前,常带有"来得及"的意味。
例句:We arrived in time to catch the bus. (我们及时赶上了公交车。)
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一、单项选择题
1. Please make sure you arrive ________ for the meeting tomorrow morning.
A. on time B. in time C. at times D. all the time
2. We got to the station just ________ to catch the last train.
A. on time B. in time C. at time D. by time
3、I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise. 我也意识到,在赞美方面,中国人的行为方式与英国人不同。
(1)realize
【用法讲解】
① realize作动词,意为"意识到;认识到",指突然明白某个事实。
② realize还可意为"实现(梦想、目标)"。
【词形变化】
realization n. 实现;认识
realise(realize也可以写作realise,英式拼写)
【常用结构】
① realize that... 意识到……
例句:I suddenly realized that I had left my phone at home. (我突然意识到我把手机落在家里了。)
② come to realize 开始意识到
例句:He came to realize the importance of hard work. (他开始意识到努力的重要性。)
③ realize a goal (实现目标)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. She worked hard and finally ________ her dream of becoming a doctor.
A. realized B. understood C. knew D. found
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 实现你的目标需要努力。
________ your goal requires hard work.
4、I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise. 我也意识到,在赞美方面,中国人的行为方式与英国人不同。
(1)when it comes to (doing) sth
【用法讲解】
when it comes to (doing) sth意为"当涉及(做)某事时;谈到……",用于引出特定话题。
例句:When it comes to cooking, he is an expert. (说到做饭,他是专家。)
例句:When it comes to music, she has great taste. (说到音乐,她很有品味。)
【易错点】
to在此处是介词,后接名词或动名词,不能接动词原形。常见错误:when it comes to do sth. 应改为when it comes to doing sth.
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一、单项选择题
1. When it comes to ________ a foreign language, practice is very important.
A. learn B. learning C. learned D. learns
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. When it comes to ________ (choose) a gift, she has great taste.
5、pleased
【用法讲解】
pleased作形容词,意为"高兴的;满意的",描述人的感受。
【词形变化】
please v. 使高兴
pleasing adj. 令人高兴的
pleasure n. 快乐
【常用结构】
① be pleased with 对……感到满意
例句:The teacher is pleased with our progress. (老师对我们的进步感到满意。)
② be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事
例句:I am pleased to meet you. (很高兴见到你。)
③ be pleased that... 对……感到高兴
例句:We are pleased that you can join us. (你能加入我们,我们很高兴。)
【易错点】
pleased是形容词,主语通常是人。表示"对……满意"用be pleased with,不用about或of。
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一、单项选择题
1. The teacher is very ________ with our progress.
A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasure
2. I’m ________ to meet you, Mr. Smith.
A. pleasing B. pleased C. pleasure D. pleasant
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我们很高兴你能加入我们。
We are ________ ________ you can join us.
2. 他对结果不满意。
He is not ________ ________ the result.
6、But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying "thank you",they often smile and reply, “ Nali, nali.”
但当我称赞中国朋友时,他们往往不说“谢谢”,而是微笑着回答:“哪里,哪里。”
(1) instead of
【用法讲解】
instead of意为"代替;而不是"。
【常用结构】
① instead of doing sth. 而不是做某事
例句:You should study instead of watching TV. (你应该学习而不是看电视。)
【易混短语辨析】instead of与instead
① instead of是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,表示替换。
例句:I'll use honey instead of sugar. (我将用蜂蜜代替糖。)
② instead是副词,通常放在句尾或句首。
例句:He didn't go. He stayed home instead.(他没有去。他待在家里了。)
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一、单项选择题
1. We should do more exercise ________ watching TV all day.
A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. out of
2. He didn’t go to the party. He stayed at home ________.
A. instead B. instead of C. rather than D. but
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 你应该学习而不是玩游戏。
You should study ________ ________ playing games.
7、reply
【用法讲解】
① reply作动词,意为"回答;答复"。
② reply作名词,意为"回答;回复"。
【常用结构】
① reply to sb./sth. 回答某人/某事
例句:She didn't reply to my message. (她没有回复我的信息。)
② reply with sth. 用……回答
例句:He replied with a smile. (他微笑着回答。)
③ in reply (to) 作为(对……的)回答
例句:She nodded in reply. (她点头作为回答。)
【易混词辨析】reply与answer
① reply较正式,常指经过思考的回答,后接to。
例句:He failed to reply to the invitation. (他没有回复邀请。)
② answer为普通用词,可直接跟宾语,也可用于接电话、敲门。
例句:Please answer the phone. (请接电话。)
【易错点】
reply作动词时是不及物动词,需加to才能接宾语。不能说reply me,要说reply to me。
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一、单项选择题
1. She didn’t ________ to my email, so I sent another one.
A. answer B. reply C. reply to D. answer to
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 请尽快回复我。
Please ________ ________ me as soon as possible.
8、refuse
【用法讲解】
refuse作动词,意为"拒绝",常指拒绝做某事或拒绝给予。
【词形变化】
refusal n. 拒绝
【常用结构】
① refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
例句:She refused to answer the question. (她拒绝回答问题。)
② refuse sb. sth. 拒绝给某人某物
例句:They refused him a visa. (他们拒绝给他签证。)
【易错点】
refuse后面只能接不定式,不能接动名词。
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一、单项选择题
1. He ________ to tell me the truth, so I got angry.
A. refused B. promised C. agreed D. decided
2. The boy ________ to help his mother with housework.
A. denied B. refused C. replied D. realized
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 她拒绝和我说话。
She ________ ________ talk to me.
9、It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences. 起初,要适应所有的这些差异可能是困难的。
(1)get used to sth
【用法讲解】
get used to sth意为"习惯于某事",指逐渐适应新情况。
【常用结构】
① get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
例句:I got used to getting up early. (我习惯了早起。)
② be used to 习惯(状态)
例句:She is used to the noise. (她习惯了噪音。)
【易混短语辨析】get used to, be used to与used to
① get used to强调"变得习惯"的过程,to是介词。
例句:You'll get used to the heat. (你会习惯炎热的。)
② be used to强调"已经习惯"的状态,to是介词。
例句:I am used to the cold weather. (我习惯了寒冷的天气。)
③ used to do sth. 意为"过去常常做某事",to是不定式符号。
例句:I used to live in London. (我过去住在伦敦。)
【易错点】
get used to中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词,不能接动词原形。
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一、单项选择题
1. When you live in a new city, you will ________ the life there.
A. get used to B. used to C. be used to D. use to
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 你迟早会习惯这里的天气。
You will ________ ________ ________ the weather here sooner or later.
10、case
【用法讲解】
① case作名词,意为"事例;情况"。
例句:In this case, we should ask for help. (在这种情况下,我们应该求助。)
② case还可意为"箱子;盒子;案件"。
例句:He packed his clothes into a case. (他把衣服装进箱子。)
例句:The police are investigating the case. (警方正在调查此案。)
【常用结构】
① in case 以防万一;假使。用作连词,引导目的状语从句。
例句:Take an umbrella in case it rains. (带把伞以防下雨。)
例句:You should carry some money in case you need it. (你应该带些钱以防需要。)
② in case of 如果发生;万一(后接名词)
例句:In case of fire, call 119. (如遇火灾,拨打119。)
③ in any case 无论如何
例句:In any case, I'll be there. (无论如何我会去的。)
④ in that case 既然那样
例句:In that case, I won't go. (既然那样,我就不去了。)
【易混词辨析】in case与in case of
① in case后接从句(主语+谓语)。
例句:I'll stay home in case he comes. (我待在家,以防他来。)
② in case of后接名词或名词短语。
例句:In case of emergency, break the glass. (紧急情况时,打碎玻璃。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. You’d better take an umbrella ________ it rains.
A. in case B. in case of C. in that case D. in any case
2. ________ fire, please use the stairs, not the elevator.
A. In case B. In case of C. In that case D. In any case
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 既然那样,我就不去了。
________ ________ ________, I won’t go.
2. 万一他不在,留个口信。
________ ________ ________ his absence, leave a message.
11、in one's way
【用法讲解】
in one's way意为"挡路;妨碍",指阻碍或阻止某人前进或做事。
例句:Sorry, am I in your way? (抱歉,我挡你路了吗?)
【常用结构】
① get in one's way 挡某人的路
例句:Don't let small problems get in your way. (别让小问题妨碍你。)
② out of one's way 不挡路;让路
例句:Please move out of my way. (请让开。)
【易混短语辨析】in one's way与on one's way
① in one's way意为"挡路"。
例句:A fallen tree was in our way. (一棵倒下的树挡住了我们的路。)
② on one's way意为"在……的路上"。
例句:I met him on my way to school. (我在上学的路上遇见了他。)
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一、单项选择题
1. Sorry, am I ________ your way? Let me move aside.
A. in B. on C. by D. at
2. Don’t let small problems get ________ your way.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我在去学校的路上遇见了他。
I met him ________ ________ ________ to school.
12、promise
【用法讲解】
① promise作动词,意为"承诺;保证"。
② promise作名词,意为"诺言;承诺"。
【常用结构】
① promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
例句:She promised to help me. (她答应帮我。)
② promise sb. sth. 承诺给某人某物
例句:He promised me a gift. (他答应给我一个礼物。)
③ make a promise 许下诺言
例句:Don't make a promise you can't keep. (不要许下你无法遵守的诺言。)
【常见短语】
break a promise (违背诺言)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He ________ to help me with my math, but he forgot.
A. promised B. hoped C. wished D. agreed
2. Don’t make a ________ you can‘t keep.
A. promise B. word C. mind D. decision
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他承诺不会迟到。
He ________ ________ not to be late.
2. 你总是遵守诺言吗?
Do you always ________ your ________?
13、keep one's word
【用法讲解】
keep one's word意为"遵守诺言;守信",指履行说过的话。
例句:You promised to help, so you must keep your word. (你答应帮忙,所以必须遵守诺言。)
【常用结构】
① break one's word 失信;食言
例句:If you break your word, nobody will trust you. (如果你失信,没人会信任你。)
② give one's word 许诺
例句:I give you my word that I'll be there. (我向你保证我会到。)
【易错点】
该短语中word用单数,不可数。不要写成words。
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一、单项选择题
1. A good friend should always ________.
A. keep his word B. break his word C. keep his words D. break his words
2. He promised to return the money, but he ________.
A. kept his word B. broke his word C. kept his words D. broke his words
14、even though
【用法讲解】
even though意为"即使;虽然",引导让步状语从句,强调事实上的让步。
例句:Even though he is rich, he works hard. (他虽然富有,但工作努力。)
例句:He still loves her even though she hurt him. (尽管她伤害了他,他仍然爱她。)
【易混短语辨析】even though, even if与though
① even though用于引导事实情况,语气较强。
例句:Even though I was tired, I finished the work. (虽然我很累,我还是完成了工作。)
② even if引导假设或不太确定的情况,意为"即使……也"。
例句:I'll go even if it rains. (即使下雨我也去。)
③ though语气较even though弱,可放在句尾。
例句:He passed the exam though he didn't study much. (他没怎么学习却通过了考试。)
【易错点】
even though不能与but连用。不能说"Even though it's cold, but he doesn't..."。注意even though引导的从句如果放在主句后,不需要加逗号。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. ________ he is rich, he lives a simple life.
A. Even B. Even though C. Because D. So
2. I will come to the party ________ I am very busy.
A. even though B. because C. so that D. as if
二、按要求完成句子(改为同义句)
1. Even though he was tired, he finished the work. (改为同义句)
He was tired, ________ he finished the work.
15、own
【用法讲解】
① own作形容词或代词,意为"自己的"。
② own作动词,意为"拥有"。
【词形变化】
owner n. 主人;所有者
ownership n. 所有权
【常用结构】
① on one's own 独自;独立地
例句:She finished the project on her own. (她独立完成了这个项目。)
② of one's own 属于自己的
例句:She wants a room of her own. (她想要一个属于自己的房间。)
③ own up to 承认(错误)
例句:He owned up to breaking the window. (他承认打碎了窗户。)
【易错点】
own作形容词时,前面必须加形容词性物主代词,如my own, his own。不能说an own。on one's own中own是名词,意为"自己"。
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1. She has a car of her ________.
A. own B. owner C. owning D. owns
2. He ________ a big company and is very successful.
A. own B. owns C. owner D. owning
16、move
【用法讲解】
① move作动词,意为"移动;搬动;搬家"。
② move还可意为"感动"。
③ move作名词,意为"行动;移动"。
【词形变化】
movement n. 运动;移动
moving adj. 动人的
【常用结构】
① move in/out 搬进/搬出
例句:We moved into a new house. (我们搬进了新房子。)
② move on 继续前进;开始新的事情
例句:Let's move on to the next question. (我们继续下一个问题。)
③ move sb. to tears 使某人感动落泪
例句:The movie moved the audience to tears. (电影使观众感动落泪。)
【易错点】
move既可用作及物也可不及物。表示"搬家"可说move house或move(单独使用)。表示"感动"常用被动语态:I was moved by his words.
即|讲|即|练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ________ (move) film made everyone cry.
2. Please ________ (move) your car away from the entrance.
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我们继续下一个话题吧。
Let’s ________ ________ to the next topic.
2. 他的话深深地打动了我。
I was deeply ________ by his words.
17、This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors.这相当不礼貌,因为会给其他游客带来烦恼。
(1)trouble
【用法讲解】
① trouble作名词,意为"麻烦;困难;问题"。
② trouble作动词,意为"麻烦;使烦恼"。
【词形变化】
troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的
【常用结构】
① in trouble 陷入困境
例句:He is in trouble with the police. (他惹上警察的麻烦了。)
② have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
例句:She has trouble sleeping. (她入睡困难。)
③ get into trouble 惹上麻烦
例句:Don't get into trouble at school. (别在学校惹麻烦。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He is ________ trouble with his boss again.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
2. I have trouble ________ English pronunciation.
A. with B. in C. of D. to
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. She had trouble ________ (find) a job after graduation.
18、one another
【用法讲解】
one another意为"互相;彼此",用于三者或三者以上之间的相互关系。
例句:We should respect one another. (我们应该互相尊重。)
【易混短语辨析】one another与each other
① one another传统上用于三者或以上。
例句:The three friends gave gifts to one another. (三个朋友互赠礼物。)
② each other传统上用于两者之间。
例句:The couple love each other. (这对夫妻彼此相爱。)
但在现代英语中,两者常互换使用。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. We should help ________ in times of difficulty.
A. one another B. each another C. one other
2. The three sisters love ________ very much.
A. one another B. one the other C.each another
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他们彼此看了一眼。
They looked at ________ ________.
19、rush
【用法讲解】
① rush作动词,意为"冲;奔;匆忙地做"。
② rush作名词,意为"匆忙;高峰期"。
【常用结构】
① rush to do sth. 匆忙做某事
例句:Don't rush to make a decision. (不要匆忙做决定。)
② rush hour 交通高峰期
例句:The traffic is terrible during rush hour. (高峰时段交通很糟糕。)
③ in a rush 匆忙地
例句:She left in a rush and forgot her bag. (她匆忙离开忘了包。)
【易混词辨析】rush与hurry
① rush强调动作急躁、猛烈,可能缺乏考虑。
例句:They rushed into the store without looking. (他们没看就冲进了商店。)
② hurry强调动作快,但不一定鲁莽。
例句:Hurry up, or we'll be late. (快点,否则我们要迟到了。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. Don’t ________ to make a decision. Take your time.
A. rush B. hurry C. rush into D. both A and B
2. The traffic is always terrible during ________ hour.
A. rush B. rushing C. rushed D. rush’s
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他们冲进了着火的大楼。
They ________ ________ the burning building.
20、unless
【用法讲解】
unless作连词,意为"除非;如果不",引导条件状语从句,相当于if not。
例句:I won't go unless he invites me. (除非他邀请我,否则我不去。)
【常用结构】
① unless + 从句(常用一般现在时表将来)
例句:Unless it rains tomorrow, we'll have a picnic. (除非明天下雨,否则我们去野餐。)
【易混词辨析】unless与if...not
① unless语气较强,常指"除……外"。
例句:Unless you leave now, you'll be late. (除非你现在走,否则会迟到。)
② if...not更直接,可以用于任何条件句。
例句:If you don't leave now, you'll be late. (如果你现在不走,就会迟到。)两者可互换,但unless不能用于虚拟条件句。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. You won’t pass the exam ________ you study hard.
A. if B. unless C. because D. so
二、按要求完成句子
1. If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. (改为同义句)
________ you hurry up, you’ll be late.
21、be about to do sth
【用法讲解】
be about to do sth意为"即将做某事;正要去做某事",表示最近的将来。
例句:The plane is about to take off. (飞机即将起飞。)
【常用结构】
① be about to do sth. when... 正要做某事时突然……
例句:She was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door. (她正要睡觉时有人敲门。)
注意:be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等明确将来时间连用。
【易混短语辨析】be about to do, be going to do与will
① be about to do强调"马上、正要",通常不与时间状语连用。
例句:The movie is about to start. (电影马上开始。)
② be going to do强调计划、意图或根据迹象推测。
例句:It's going to rain. (要下雨了。)
③ will表示一般将来或意愿。
例句:I will call you later. (我晚点打给你。)
【易错点】
be about to do不能与具体的将来时间状语(如at 5 p.m., tomorrow)连用。可以说I am about to leave. 但不能说I am about to leave at 5 p.m.。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. The movie ________ start in a minute. Let’s hurry.
A. is about to B. is going to C. will D. is to
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我正要做作业,这时我的朋友来了。
I ________ ________ ________ do my homework when my friend came.
Unit 6词句高频考点、重难点讲练
1、blind
【用法讲解】
① blind作形容词,意为"瞎的;失明的"。
② blind还可意为"盲目的;视而不见的"。
③ blind作动词,意为"使失明;使看不见"。
【词形变化】
blindly adv. 盲目地
blindness n. 失明
【常用结构】
① be blind to 对……视而不见
例句:Some parents are blind to their children's mistakes. (有些父母对孩子的错误视而不见。)
【常见短语】
turn a blind eye to (对……睁一只眼闭一只眼)
the blind 盲人(集合名词,作主语,谓语用复数)
例句:The blind have a keen touch.(盲人有敏锐的触觉。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. The old man has been ________ since he was five years old.
A. blind B. blindness C. blind to D. blindly
2. Some parents are ________ their children’s bad habits.
A. blind to B. blind with C. blind of D. blind for
2、They usually do so by donating money. 他们通常通过捐款来这样做。
(1)donate
【用法讲解】
donate作动词,意为"捐赠;捐献"。
【词形变化】
donation n. 捐赠;捐款
【常用结构】
① donate sth. to sb./sth. 把某物捐给某人/某机构
例句:She donated her old clothes to charity. (她把旧衣服捐给了慈善机构。)
② donate blood 献血
例句:Many volunteers donate blood every year. (许多志愿者每年献血。)
【常见短语】
donate money (捐款)
donate to charity (捐给慈善机构)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He donated a large amount of money ________ the poor.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
2. Many people ________ blood to help patients in need.
A. donate B. donates C. donated
3、expect
【用法讲解】
① expect作动词,意为"期待;预料",指认为某事很可能发生。
② expect还可意为"期望;要求"。
【词形变化】
expectation n. 期待;期望
【常用结构】
① expect to do sth. 期待做某事
例句:We expect to arrive by noon. (我们预计中午前到达。)
② expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
例句:The teacher expects us to finish our homework. (老师期望我们完成作业。)
③ expect that... 预料……
例句:I expect that it will rain tomorrow. (我预料明天会下雨。)
【易混词辨析】expect, hope
① expect强调"预料",认为某事很可能发生。
例句:I expect him to come. (我预料他会来。)
② hope强调"希望",不强调可能性。
例句:I hope he can come. (我希望他能来。)
【易错点】
expect后面可跟不定式或that从句,但不能跟动名词。注意expect sb. to do sth.结构中,sb.是宾语,to do是宾补。否定形式expect not to do。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. The teacher expects us ________ our homework on time.
A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我预计明天会下雨。
I ________ ________ it will rain tomorrow.
2. 妈妈期望我成为一名医生。
My mother ________ me ________ become a doctor.
4、This great international event requires support from lots of volunteers.这项盛大的国际活动需要众多志愿者的支持。
(1)require
【用法讲解】
require作动词,意为"需要;要求"。
【词形变化】
requirement n. 要求;必要条件
【常用结构】
① require sth. 需要某物
例句:Plants require sunlight and water. (植物需要阳光和水。)
② require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
例句:The law requires you to wear a seatbelt. (法律要求你系安全带。)
③ require that... (should) do 要求……(should可省略)
例句:The rules require that everyone (should) be on time. (规定要求每个人都准时。)
【易错点】
require后接that从句时,从句谓语常用"should+动词原形",should可省略,即虚拟语气。require doing = require to be done,如The car requires washing = The car requires to be washed。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. This job ________ a lot of patience and hard work.
A. requires B. asks C. needs D. both A and C
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. What are the ________ (require) for entering this school?
5、receive
【用法讲解】
receive作动词,意为"收到;接到"。
【词形变化】
receiver n. 接收器;听筒
reception n. 接待;招待会
【常用结构】
① receive sth. from sb. 从某人那里收到某物
例句:He received a gift from his mother. (他收到了妈妈的礼物。)
② receive a phone call 接电话
例句:She received a phone call from her boss. (她接到了老板的电话。)
【易混词辨析】receive与accept
① receive指客观"收到"的动作,不一定接受。
例句:I received his invitation but didn't accept it. (我收到了他的邀请但没有接受。)
② accept指主观"接受",表示同意。
例句:She accepted the job offer. (她接受了这份工作。)
【常见短语】
receive an award (获奖)
receive treatment (接受治疗)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He ________ a letter from his friend yesterday.
A. accepted B. received C.took
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他住院后接受了治疗。
He ________ ________ in the hospital after he was ill.
2. 她没有收到我的短信。
She didn’t ________ my text ________.
6、necessary
【用法讲解】
necessary作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。
【词形变化】
necessarily adv. 必要地
necessity n. 必要性;必需品
【常用结构】
① it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是必要的
例句:It is necessary for you to arrive on time. (你有必要准时到达。)
② if necessary 如果有必要
例句:You can call me if necessary. (有必要的话可以打电话给我。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. It is ________ for us to exercise every day to keep healthy.
A. necessary B. necessarily C. necessity D. unnecessary
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It is ________ (necessary) to worry too much. Everything will be fine.
7、remind
【用法讲解】
remind作动词,意为"提醒;使想起"。
【常用结构】
① remind sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
例句:Remind me to buy milk on the way home. (提醒我回家的路上买牛奶。)
例句:He reminded me not to be late. (他提醒我不要迟到。)
② remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
例句:The song reminds me of you. (这首歌让我想起你。)
③ remind sb. that... 提醒某人……
例句:He reminded me that we had a meeting. (他提醒我们有个会议。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. This photo reminds me ________ my childhood.
A. of B. to C. with D. for
2. Please remind me ________ the letter tomorrow morning.
A. post B. posting C. to post D. posted
8、ability
【用法讲解】
ability作名词,意为"能力;才能"。
【词形变化】
able adj. 能够的
disable v. 使无能
【常用结构】
① the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力
例句:She has the ability to solve problems. (她有解决问题的能力。)
② have ability in sth. 在某方面有能力
例句:He has great ability in math. (他数学能力很强。)
【易错点】
ability后通常接不定式(to do),不接of doing。注意复数abilities指各种能力。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. She has the ability ________ the problem by herself.
A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved
2. He is a man of many ________.
A. ability B. abilities C. able D. ably
9、courage
【用法讲解】
courage作名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。
【词形变化】
courageous adj. 勇敢的
encourage v. 鼓励
discourage v. 使气馁
【常用结构】
① have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事
例句:Do you have the courage to tell the truth? (你有勇气说出真相吗?)
② take courage 鼓起勇气
例句:Take courage! You can do it. (鼓起勇气!你能行。)
③ lose courage 失去勇气
例句:Don't lose courage when you fail. (失败时不要失去勇气。)
【易错点】
courage是不可数名词,不能说a courage,但可以说a lot of courage。注意短语have the courage to do sth.中冠词the不能少。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He had the ________ to tell the truth.
A. courage B. encourage C. discourage D. courages
2. Don’t lose ________. You will succeed one day.
A. heart B. courage C. mind D. hope
10、achieve
【用法讲解】
achieve作动词,意为"实现;取得;达到",尤指通过努力达成目标。
【词形变化】
achievement n. 成就;实现
achievable adj. 可实现的
【常用结构】
① achieve success 获得成功
例句:He worked hard and achieved success. (他努力工作并获得了成功。)
② achieve one's goal 实现目标
例句:She finally achieved her goal of running a marathon. (她最终实现了跑马拉松的目标。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He worked hard and finally ________ success.
A. achieved B. made C. did D. got
2. What is your greatest ________?
A. achieve B. achievement C. achievable D. achieving
11、influence
【用法讲解】
① influence作名词,意为"影响;影响力"。
② influence作动词,意为"影响;对……起作用"。
【词形变化】
influential adj. 有影响力的
【常用结构】
① influence on/upon 对……的影响
例句:His words had a strong influence on me. (他的话对我影响很大。)
② under the influence of 在……的影响下
例句:He made the decision under the influence of his friends. (他在朋友的影响下做了决定。)
③ influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
例句:The teacher influenced me to study harder. (老师影响我更加努力学习。)
【易混词辨析】influence, affect与effect
① influence指潜移默化的影响,后可接on。
例句:The weather influences his mood. (天气影响他的心情。)
② affect作动词,指直接产生变化,常含负面。
例句:Smoking affects your health. (吸烟影响健康。)
③ effect作名词,意为"效果、影响"。
例句:The medicine had a good effect. (药效很好。)
【常见短语】
bad influence (坏影响)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. The weather can ________ people’s mood.
A. affect B. effect C. influence D. both A and C
2. Her father had a great ________ on her choice of career.
A. influence B. affect C. result
12、compete
【用法讲解】
compete作动词,意为"竞争;比赛"。
【词形变化】
competition n. 竞争;比赛
competitor n. 竞争者
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
【常用结构】
① compete in 参加……比赛
例句:She will compete in the 100-meter race. (她将参加100米赛跑。)
② compete with/against 与……竞争
例句:He is competing with three other people for the job. (他在和其他三个人竞争这份工作。)
③ compete for 为……而竞争
例句:Several teams are competing for the championship. (几个队在争夺冠军。)
【易混词辨析】competition与match
① competition泛指比赛、竞争,范围广。
例句:The art competition attracted many participants. (艺术比赛吸引了许多参赛者。)
② match指两队或两人的对抗赛,如足球、网球。
例句:We watched a basketball match. (我们看了一场篮球赛。)
【易错点】
competition作"比赛"时可数,作"竞争"时常不可数。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He will compete ________ the 100-meter race.
A. for B. in C. with D. against
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ________ (compete) between the two teams was very exciting.
13、voluntary
【用法讲解】
voluntary作形容词,意为"自愿的;志愿的;主动的"。
【词形变化】
volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做
voluntarily adv. 自愿地
【常用结构】
① voluntary work/service 志愿工作/服务
例句:Many students take part in voluntary service. (许多学生参加志愿服务。)
【常见短语】
voluntary organization (志愿组织)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. Many students do ________ work in their free time.
A. voluntary B. volunteer C. voluntarily D. volunteering
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他参加了志愿服务。
He took part in ________ ________.
14、cross
【用法讲解】
① cross作动词,意为"穿过;越过;交叉"。
② cross作名词,意为"十字架;十字形"。
【词形变化】
crossing n. 十字路口;渡口
【常用结构】
① cross the line 越界
例句:His joke crossed the line. (他的玩笑过分了。)
【易混词辨析】cross, across与through
① cross是动词。
例句:Cross the bridge. (过桥。)
② across是介词或副词。
例句:Walk across the bridge. (走过桥。)
③ through指从内部穿过。
例句:The river flows through the city. (河流穿过城市。)
【常见短语】
cross the street (过马路)
即|讲|即|练
1. Be careful when you ________ the street.
A. across B. cross C. crossing D. crossed
2. Walk ________ the bridge and you will see the museum.
A. cross B. across C. crossing D. crossed
15、He suffers from a serious blood disease. 他遭受着严重的血液疾病。
(1)suffer
【用法讲解】
suffer作动词,意为"遭受;忍受;受苦"。
【词形变化】
suffering n. 痛苦
【常用结构】
① suffer from + 疾病/问题 受……折磨;患……病
例句:He suffers from headaches. (他患头痛病。)
② suffer for 因……而受苦
例句:He suffered for his mistakes. (他因错误而受苦。)
③ suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦/损失
例句:The city suffered serious damage in the earthquake. (这座城市在地震中遭受严重破坏。)
【易混词辨析】suffer from与suffer
① suffer from后接疾病、痛苦的具体原因。
例句:She suffers from back pain. (她背痛。)
② suffer直接接pain, loss, damage等抽象名词,不接疾病名称。
例句:He suffered a heart attack. (他心脏病发作。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He ________ a lot of pain after the accident.
A. suffered B. suffered from C. suffered to D. suffered for
2. She ________ a serious illness for many years.
A. suffered B. suffered from C. suffered with D. suffered of
16、blood
【用法讲解】
blood作名词,意为"血液;血统"。
【词形变化】
bleed v. 流血
【常用结构】
① donate blood 献血
例句:Many people donate blood to help others. (许多人献血帮助他人。)
② blood pressure 血压
例句:My blood pressure is normal. (我血压正常。)
【常见短语】
blood type (血型)
blood vessel (血管)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He is willing to ________ blood to help others.
A. give B. donate C. both A and B D. take
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. He ________ (bleed) heavily after cutting his finger.
17、absent
【用法讲解】
absent作形容词,意为"缺席的;不在的"。
【词形变化】
absence n. 缺席;缺乏
【常用结构】
① be absent from 缺席……
例句:She was absent from the meeting. (她没来开会。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. His ________ from the meeting made the boss angry.
A. absent B. absence C. absently D. absentee
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他没来开会。
He ________ ________ ________ the meeting.
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Unit 5-6 词句高频考点、重难点讲义
Unit 5词句高频考点、重难点讲练
1、congratulations
【用法讲解】
congratulations作名词(常用复数),意为"祝贺;恭喜"。
【词形变化】
congratulate v. 祝贺
【常用结构】
① congratulations on (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而祝贺
例句:Congratulations on winning the competition! (祝贺你赢得比赛!)
② congratulations to sb. 向某人祝贺
例句:Congratulations to all the winners. (祝贺所有获胜者。)
【常见短语】
offer congratulations (致以祝贺)
【易错点】
congratulations通常用复数,不可说a congratulation(除非指祝贺信/电)。注意介词搭配:on表示原因,to表示对象。
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一、单项选择题
1. ________ on your success in the competition!
A. Congratulation B. Congratulations C. Congratulate D. Congratulating
【答案】B
【详解】句意:祝贺你在比赛中取得成功!考查congratulations的用法。congratulations是常用复数形式,表示“祝贺”。故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Let me ________ (congratulation) you on your excellent exam results.
【答案】congratulate
【详解】句意:让我祝贺你取得优异的考试成绩。congratulate是动词,let sb. do sth. 后接动词原形。故填congratulate。
2、on time
【用法讲解】
on time意为"准时;按时"。
例句:The train arrived on time. (火车准点到达。)
【易混短语辨析】on time与in time
① on time指按照时刻表或约定时间,不迟到。
例句:The meeting started on time. (会议准时开始。)
② in time指"及时",在截止时间之前,常带有"来得及"的意味。
例句:We arrived in time to catch the bus. (我们及时赶上了公交车。)
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一、单项选择题
1. Please make sure you arrive ________ for the meeting tomorrow morning.
A. on time B. in time C. at times D. all the time
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请确保你明天早上准时参加会议。on time “准时”,指按照约定时间。in time “及时”。故选A。
2. We got to the station just ________ to catch the last train.
A. on time B. in time C. at time D. by time
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们刚好及时到达车站赶上了最后一趟火车。in time “及时”,强调来得及。on time 强调不迟到。根据just及to catch可知是及时赶上。故选B。
3、I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise. 我也意识到,在赞美方面,中国人的行为方式与英国人不同。
(1)realize
【用法讲解】
① realize作动词,意为"意识到;认识到",指突然明白某个事实。
② realize还可意为"实现(梦想、目标)"。
【词形变化】
realization n. 实现;认识
realise(realize也可以写作realise,英式拼写)
【常用结构】
① realize that... 意识到……
例句:I suddenly realized that I had left my phone at home. (我突然意识到我把手机落在家里了。)
② come to realize 开始意识到
例句:He came to realize the importance of hard work. (他开始意识到努力的重要性。)
③ realize a goal (实现目标)
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一、单项选择题
1. She worked hard and finally ________ her dream of becoming a doctor.
A. realized B. understood C. knew D. found
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她努力学习,最终实现了成为医生的梦想。realize 可表示“实现(梦想)”。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 实现你的目标需要努力。
________ your goal requires hard work.
【答案】Realizing
【详解】句意:实现你的目标需要努力。动名词短语作主语,realize your goal。故填Realizing。
4、I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently from the British when it comes to praise. 我也意识到,在赞美方面,中国人的行为方式与英国人不同。
(1)when it comes to (doing) sth
【用法讲解】
when it comes to (doing) sth意为"当涉及(做)某事时;谈到……",用于引出特定话题。
例句:When it comes to cooking, he is an expert. (说到做饭,他是专家。)
例句:When it comes to music, she has great taste. (说到音乐,她很有品味。)
【易错点】
to在此处是介词,后接名词或动名词,不能接动词原形。常见错误:when it comes to do sth. 应改为when it comes to doing sth.
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一、单项选择题
1. When it comes to ________ a foreign language, practice is very important.
A. learn B. learning C. learned D. learns
【答案】B
【详解】句意:谈到学习一门外语,练习非常重要。to是介词,后接动名词。故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. When it comes to ________ (choose) a gift, she has great taste.
【答案】choosing
【详解】句意:说到挑选礼物,她很有品味。to为介词,后接动名词。故填choosing。
5、pleased
【用法讲解】
pleased作形容词,意为"高兴的;满意的",描述人的感受。
【词形变化】
please v. 使高兴
pleasing adj. 令人高兴的
pleasure n. 快乐
【常用结构】
① be pleased with 对……感到满意
例句:The teacher is pleased with our progress. (老师对我们的进步感到满意。)
② be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事
例句:I am pleased to meet you. (很高兴见到你。)
③ be pleased that... 对……感到高兴
例句:We are pleased that you can join us. (你能加入我们,我们很高兴。)
【易错点】
pleased是形容词,主语通常是人。表示"对……满意"用be pleased with,不用about或of。
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一、单项选择题
1. The teacher is very ________ with our progress.
A. please B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasure
【答案】C
【详解】句意:老师对我们的进步非常满意。be pleased with “对……感到满意”,主语为人。故选C。
2. I’m ________ to meet you, Mr. Smith.
A. pleasing B. pleased C. pleasure D. pleasant
【答案】B
【详解】句意:很高兴见到你,史密斯先生。be pleased to do sth. “高兴做某事”。故选B。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我们很高兴你能加入我们。
We are ________ ________ you can join us.
【答案】pleased that
【详解】句意:我们很高兴你能加入我们。be pleased that... 对……感到高兴。故填pleased;that。
2. 他对结果不满意。
He is not ________ ________ the result.
【答案】pleased with
【详解】句意:他对结果不满意。be pleased with。故填pleased;with。
6、But when I praise my Chinese friends, instead of saying "thank you",they often smile and reply, “ Nali, nali.”
但当我称赞中国朋友时,他们往往不说“谢谢”,而是微笑着回答:“哪里,哪里。”
(1) instead of
【用法讲解】
instead of意为"代替;而不是"。
【常用结构】
① instead of doing sth. 而不是做某事
例句:You should study instead of watching TV. (你应该学习而不是看电视。)
【易混短语辨析】instead of与instead
① instead of是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,表示替换。
例句:I'll use honey instead of sugar. (我将用蜂蜜代替糖。)
② instead是副词,通常放在句尾或句首。
例句:He didn't go. He stayed home instead.(他没有去。他待在家里了。)
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一、单项选择题
1. We should do more exercise ________ watching TV all day.
A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. out of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们应该多做运动,而不是整天看电视。instead of “代替,而不是”,后接名词或动名词。故选B。
2. He didn’t go to the party. He stayed at home ________.
A. instead B. instead of C. rather than D. but
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他没有去派对。他反而待在家里。instead 副词,放在句尾。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 你应该学习而不是玩游戏。
You should study ________ ________ playing games.
【答案】instead of
【详解】句意:你应该学习而不是玩游戏。instead of。故填instead;of。
7、reply
【用法讲解】
① reply作动词,意为"回答;答复"。
② reply作名词,意为"回答;回复"。
【常用结构】
① reply to sb./sth. 回答某人/某事
例句:She didn't reply to my message. (她没有回复我的信息。)
② reply with sth. 用……回答
例句:He replied with a smile. (他微笑着回答。)
③ in reply (to) 作为(对……的)回答
例句:She nodded in reply. (她点头作为回答。)
【易混词辨析】reply与answer
① reply较正式,常指经过思考的回答,后接to。
例句:He failed to reply to the invitation. (他没有回复邀请。)
② answer为普通用词,可直接跟宾语,也可用于接电话、敲门。
例句:Please answer the phone. (请接电话。)
【易错点】
reply作动词时是不及物动词,需加to才能接宾语。不能说reply me,要说reply to me。
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一、单项选择题
1. She didn’t ________ to my email, so I sent another one.
A. answer B. reply C. reply to D. answer to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她没有回复我的邮件,所以我又发了一封。reply 是不及物动词,后需加to再接宾语。reply to my email。故选C。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 请尽快回复我。
Please ________ ________ me as soon as possible.
【答案】reply to
【详解】句意:请尽快回复我。reply to sb.。故填reply;to。
8、refuse
【用法讲解】
refuse作动词,意为"拒绝",常指拒绝做某事或拒绝给予。
【词形变化】
refusal n. 拒绝
【常用结构】
① refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
例句:She refused to answer the question. (她拒绝回答问题。)
② refuse sb. sth. 拒绝给某人某物
例句:They refused him a visa. (他们拒绝给他签证。)
【易错点】
refuse后面只能接不定式,不能接动名词。
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一、单项选择题
1. He ________ to tell me the truth, so I got angry.
A. refused B. promised C. agreed D. decided
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他拒绝告诉我真相,所以我生气了。refuse to do sth. “拒绝做某事”。故选A。
2. The boy ________ to help his mother with housework.
A. denied B. refused C. replied D. realized
【答案】B
【详解】句意:那个男孩拒绝帮妈妈做家务。refuse to do sth.。故选B。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 她拒绝和我说话。
She ________ ________ talk to me.
【答案】refused to
【详解】句意:她拒绝和我说话。refuse to do sth.,过去式refused。故填refused;to。
9、It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences. 起初,要适应所有的这些差异可能是困难的。
(1)get used to sth
【用法讲解】
get used to sth意为"习惯于某事",指逐渐适应新情况。
【常用结构】
① get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
例句:I got used to getting up early. (我习惯了早起。)
② be used to 习惯(状态)
例句:She is used to the noise. (她习惯了噪音。)
【易混短语辨析】get used to, be used to与used to
① get used to强调"变得习惯"的过程,to是介词。
例句:You'll get used to the heat. (你会习惯炎热的。)
② be used to强调"已经习惯"的状态,to是介词。
例句:I am used to the cold weather. (我习惯了寒冷的天气。)
③ used to do sth. 意为"过去常常做某事",to是不定式符号。
例句:I used to live in London. (我过去住在伦敦。)
【易错点】
get used to中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词,不能接动词原形。
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一、单项选择题
1. When you live in a new city, you will ________ the life there.
A. get used to B. used to C. be used to D. use to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当你住在一个新城市,你会习惯那里的生活。get used to “变得习惯”,强调过程。be used to 强调状态。根据will可知将来会习惯,用get used to。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 你迟早会习惯这里的天气。
You will ________ ________ ________ the weather here sooner or later.
【答案】get used to
【详解】句意:你迟早会习惯这里的天气。get used to 习惯于某事。故填get;used;to。
10、case
【用法讲解】
① case作名词,意为"事例;情况"。
例句:In this case, we should ask for help. (在这种情况下,我们应该求助。)
② case还可意为"箱子;盒子;案件"。
例句:He packed his clothes into a case. (他把衣服装进箱子。)
例句:The police are investigating the case. (警方正在调查此案。)
【常用结构】
① in case 以防万一;假使。用作连词,引导目的状语从句。
例句:Take an umbrella in case it rains. (带把伞以防下雨。)
例句:You should carry some money in case you need it. (你应该带些钱以防需要。)
② in case of 如果发生;万一(后接名词)
例句:In case of fire, call 119. (如遇火灾,拨打119。)
③ in any case 无论如何
例句:In any case, I'll be there. (无论如何我会去的。)
④ in that case 既然那样
例句:In that case, I won't go. (既然那样,我就不去了。)
【易混词辨析】in case与in case of
① in case后接从句(主语+谓语)。
例句:I'll stay home in case he comes. (我待在家,以防他来。)
② in case of后接名词或名词短语。
例句:In case of emergency, break the glass. (紧急情况时,打碎玻璃。)
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一、单项选择题
1. You’d better take an umbrella ________ it rains.
A. in case B. in case of C. in that case D. in any case
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你最好带把伞以防下雨。in case 后接从句,表示“以防”。in case of 后接名词。故选A。
2. ________ fire, please use the stairs, not the elevator.
A. In case B. In case of C. In that case D. In any case
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如遇火灾,请使用楼梯,不要使用电梯。in case of如果发生;万一, 后接名词。故选B。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 既然那样,我就不去了。
________ ________ ________, I won’t go.
【答案】In that case
【详解】句意:既然那样,我就不去了。in that case既然那样。故填In;that;case。
2. 万一他不在,留个口信。
________ ________ ________ his absence, leave a message.
【答案】In case of
【详解】句意:万一他不在,留个口信。in case of如果发生;万一。故填In;case;of。
11、in one's way
【用法讲解】
in one's way意为"挡路;妨碍",指阻碍或阻止某人前进或做事。
例句:Sorry, am I in your way? (抱歉,我挡你路了吗?)
【常用结构】
① get in one's way 挡某人的路
例句:Don't let small problems get in your way. (别让小问题妨碍你。)
② out of one's way 不挡路;让路
例句:Please move out of my way. (请让开。)
【易混短语辨析】in one's way与on one's way
① in one's way意为"挡路"。
例句:A fallen tree was in our way. (一棵倒下的树挡住了我们的路。)
② on one's way意为"在……的路上"。
例句:I met him on my way to school. (我在上学的路上遇见了他。)
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一、单项选择题
1. Sorry, am I ________ your way? Let me move aside.
A. in B. on C. by D. at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:抱歉,我挡你路了吗?我让开。in one’s way “挡路”。故选A。
2. Don’t let small problems get ________ your way.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:别让小问题妨碍你。get in one’s way “挡路,妨碍”。故选B。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我在去学校的路上遇见了他。
I met him ________ ________ ________ to school.
【答案】on my way
【详解】句意:我在去学校的路上遇见了他。on one‘s way to...。故填on;my;way。
12、promise
【用法讲解】
① promise作动词,意为"承诺;保证"。
② promise作名词,意为"诺言;承诺"。
【常用结构】
① promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
例句:She promised to help me. (她答应帮我。)
② promise sb. sth. 承诺给某人某物
例句:He promised me a gift. (他答应给我一个礼物。)
③ make a promise 许下诺言
例句:Don't make a promise you can't keep. (不要许下你无法遵守的诺言。)
【常见短语】
break a promise (违背诺言)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He ________ to help me with my math, but he forgot.
A. promised B. hoped C. wished D. agreed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他答应帮我学数学,但他忘了。promise to do sth. 承诺做某事。故选A。
2. Don’t make a ________ you can‘t keep.
A. promise B. word C. mind D. decision
【答案】A
【详解】句意:不要许下你无法遵守的诺言。make a promise “许下诺言”。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他承诺不会迟到。
He ________ ________ not to be late.
【答案】promised to
【详解】句意:他承诺不会迟到。promise to do sth.承诺做某事,过去式。故填promised;to。
2. 你总是遵守诺言吗?
Do you always ________ your ________?
【答案】keep; promise
【详解】句意:你总是遵守诺言吗?keep one’s promise遵守诺言。故填keep;promise。
13、keep one's word
【用法讲解】
keep one's word意为"遵守诺言;守信",指履行说过的话。
例句:You promised to help, so you must keep your word. (你答应帮忙,所以必须遵守诺言。)
【常用结构】
① break one's word 失信;食言
例句:If you break your word, nobody will trust you. (如果你失信,没人会信任你。)
② give one's word 许诺
例句:I give you my word that I'll be there. (我向你保证我会到。)
【易错点】
该短语中word用单数,不可数。不要写成words。
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一、单项选择题
1. A good friend should always ________.
A. keep his word B. break his word C. keep his words D. break his words
【答案】A
【详解】句意:好朋友应该总是守信。keep one‘s word “遵守诺言”,word用单数。故选A。
2. He promised to return the money, but he ________.
A. kept his word B. broke his word C. kept his words D. broke his words
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他答应还钱,但他食言了。break one’s word “失信”。故选B。
14、even though
【用法讲解】
even though意为"即使;虽然",引导让步状语从句,强调事实上的让步。
例句:Even though he is rich, he works hard. (他虽然富有,但工作努力。)
例句:He still loves her even though she hurt him. (尽管她伤害了他,他仍然爱她。)
【易混短语辨析】even though, even if与though
① even though用于引导事实情况,语气较强。
例句:Even though I was tired, I finished the work. (虽然我很累,我还是完成了工作。)
② even if引导假设或不太确定的情况,意为"即使……也"。
例句:I'll go even if it rains. (即使下雨我也去。)
③ though语气较even though弱,可放在句尾。
例句:He passed the exam though he didn't study much. (他没怎么学习却通过了考试。)
【易错点】
even though不能与but连用。不能说"Even though it's cold, but he doesn't..."。注意even though引导的从句如果放在主句后,不需要加逗号。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. ________ he is rich, he lives a simple life.
A. Even B. Even though C. Because D. So
【答案】B
【详解】句意:尽管他很富有,他过着简朴的生活。even though “虽然,尽管”。故选B。
2. I will come to the party ________ I am very busy.
A. even though B. because C. so that D. as if
【答案】A
【详解】句意:即使我很忙,我也会来参加派对。even though 引导让步状语从句。故选A。
二、按要求完成句子(改为同义句)
1. Even though he was tired, he finished the work. (改为同义句)
He was tired, ________ he finished the work.
【答案】but
【详解】句意:尽管他累了,他还是完成了工作。even though 不能与but连用,但可以转换为but句式。故填but。
15、own
【用法讲解】
① own作形容词或代词,意为"自己的"。
② own作动词,意为"拥有"。
【词形变化】
owner n. 主人;所有者
ownership n. 所有权
【常用结构】
① on one's own 独自;独立地
例句:She finished the project on her own. (她独立完成了这个项目。)
② of one's own 属于自己的
例句:She wants a room of her own. (她想要一个属于自己的房间。)
③ own up to 承认(错误)
例句:He owned up to breaking the window. (他承认打碎了窗户。)
【易错点】
own作形容词时,前面必须加形容词性物主代词,如my own, his own。不能说an own。on one's own中own是名词,意为"自己"。
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1. She has a car of her ________.
A. own B. owner C. owning D. owns
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她有一辆属于自己的车。of one’s own “属于自己的”。own 作名词或代词。故选A。
2. He ________ a big company and is very successful.
A. own B. owns C. owner D. owning
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他拥有一家大公司,非常成功。own 作动词“拥有”,主语he单三,用owns。故选B。
16、move
【用法讲解】
① move作动词,意为"移动;搬动;搬家"。
② move还可意为"感动"。
③ move作名词,意为"行动;移动"。
【词形变化】
movement n. 运动;移动
moving adj. 动人的
【常用结构】
① move in/out 搬进/搬出
例句:We moved into a new house. (我们搬进了新房子。)
② move on 继续前进;开始新的事情
例句:Let's move on to the next question. (我们继续下一个问题。)
③ move sb. to tears 使某人感动落泪
例句:The movie moved the audience to tears. (电影使观众感动落泪。)
【易错点】
move既可用作及物也可不及物。表示"搬家"可说move house或move(单独使用)。表示"感动"常用被动语态:I was moved by his words.
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一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ________ (move) film made everyone cry.
【答案】moving
【详解】句意:这部感人的电影让每个人都哭了。moving 形容词“动人的”。故填moving。
2. Please ________ (move) your car away from the entrance.
【答案】move
【详解】句意:请把你的车从入口处移开。祈使句,动词原形。故填move。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我们继续下一个话题吧。
Let’s ________ ________ to the next topic.
【答案】move on
【详解】句意:我们继续下一个话题吧。move on “继续前进”。故填move;on。
2. 他的话深深地打动了我。
I was deeply ________ by his words.
【答案】moved
【详解】句意:他的话深深地打动了我。被动语态,move的过去分词。故填moved。
17、This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors.这相当不礼貌,因为会给其他游客带来烦恼。
(1)trouble
【用法讲解】
① trouble作名词,意为"麻烦;困难;问题"。
② trouble作动词,意为"麻烦;使烦恼"。
【词形变化】
troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的
【常用结构】
① in trouble 陷入困境
例句:He is in trouble with the police. (他惹上警察的麻烦了。)
② have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
例句:She has trouble sleeping. (她入睡困难。)
③ get into trouble 惹上麻烦
例句:Don't get into trouble at school. (别在学校惹麻烦。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He is ________ trouble with his boss again.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他又和老板有麻烦了。in trouble “陷入困境”。故选A。
2. I have trouble ________ English pronunciation.
A. with B. in C. of D. to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我在英语发音上有困难。have trouble with sth. 或 have trouble (in) doing sth.,此处后接名词用with。故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. She had trouble ________ (find) a job after graduation.
【答案】finding
【详解】句意:她毕业后找工作有困难。have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难,是固定搭配。故填finding。
18、one another
【用法讲解】
one another意为"互相;彼此",用于三者或三者以上之间的相互关系。
例句:We should respect one another. (我们应该互相尊重。)
【易混短语辨析】one another与each other
① one another传统上用于三者或以上。
例句:The three friends gave gifts to one another. (三个朋友互赠礼物。)
② each other传统上用于两者之间。
例句:The couple love each other. (这对夫妻彼此相爱。)
但在现代英语中,两者常互换使用。
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一、单项选择题
1. We should help ________ in times of difficulty.
A. one another B. each another C. one other
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在困难时期,我们应该互相帮助。one another 表示“互相;彼此”,符合语境。故选A。
2. The three sisters love ________ very much.
A. one another B. one the other C.each another
【答案】A
【详解】句意:三姐妹彼此非常相爱。三者之间用one another 表示“互相;彼此”,符合语境。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他们彼此看了一眼。
They looked at ________ ________.
【答案】one another
【详解】句意:他们彼此看了一眼。one another意为“互相;彼此”,故填one;another。
19、rush
【用法讲解】
① rush作动词,意为"冲;奔;匆忙地做"。
② rush作名词,意为"匆忙;高峰期"。
【常用结构】
① rush to do sth. 匆忙做某事
例句:Don't rush to make a decision. (不要匆忙做决定。)
② rush hour 交通高峰期
例句:The traffic is terrible during rush hour. (高峰时段交通很糟糕。)
③ in a rush 匆忙地
例句:She left in a rush and forgot her bag. (她匆忙离开忘了包。)
【易混词辨析】rush与hurry
① rush强调动作急躁、猛烈,可能缺乏考虑。
例句:They rushed into the store without looking. (他们没看就冲进了商店。)
② hurry强调动作快,但不一定鲁莽。
例句:Hurry up, or we'll be late. (快点,否则我们要迟到了。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. Don’t ________ to make a decision. Take your time.
A. rush B. hurry C. rush into D. both A and B
【答案】D
【详解】句意:不要匆忙做决定。慢慢来。rush 和 hurry 都可表示“匆忙”,此处两者均可。故选D。
2. The traffic is always terrible during ________ hour.
A. rush B. rushing C. rushed D. rush’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意:高峰时段交通总是很糟糕。rush hour “交通高峰期”。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他们冲进了着火的大楼。
They ________ ________ the burning building.
【答案】rushed into
【详解】句意:他们冲进了着火的大楼。rush into冲进,过去式rushed into。故填rushed;into。
20、unless
【用法讲解】
unless作连词,意为"除非;如果不",引导条件状语从句,相当于if not。
例句:I won't go unless he invites me. (除非他邀请我,否则我不去。)
【常用结构】
① unless + 从句(常用一般现在时表将来)
例句:Unless it rains tomorrow, we'll have a picnic. (除非明天下雨,否则我们去野餐。)
【易混词辨析】unless与if...not
① unless语气较强,常指"除……外"。
例句:Unless you leave now, you'll be late. (除非你现在走,否则会迟到。)
② if...not更直接,可以用于任何条件句。
例句:If you don't leave now, you'll be late. (如果你现在不走,就会迟到。)两者可互换,但unless不能用于虚拟条件句。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. You won’t pass the exam ________ you study hard.
A. if B. unless C. because D. so
【答案】B
【详解】句意:除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试。unless “除非”,引导条件状语从句。故选B。
二、按要求完成句子
1. If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. (改为同义句)
________ you hurry up, you’ll be late.
【答案】Unless
【详解】句意:除非你快点,否则你会迟到。if not = unless,引导条件状语从句。故填Unless。
21、be about to do sth
【用法讲解】
be about to do sth意为"即将做某事;正要去做某事",表示最近的将来。
例句:The plane is about to take off. (飞机即将起飞。)
【常用结构】
① be about to do sth. when... 正要做某事时突然……
例句:She was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door. (她正要睡觉时有人敲门。)
注意:be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等明确将来时间连用。
【易混短语辨析】be about to do, be going to do与will
① be about to do强调"马上、正要",通常不与时间状语连用。
例句:The movie is about to start. (电影马上开始。)
② be going to do强调计划、意图或根据迹象推测。
例句:It's going to rain. (要下雨了。)
③ will表示一般将来或意愿。
例句:I will call you later. (我晚点打给你。)
【易错点】
be about to do不能与具体的将来时间状语(如at 5 p.m., tomorrow)连用。可以说I am about to leave. 但不能说I am about to leave at 5 p.m.。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. The movie ________ start in a minute. Let’s hurry.
A. is about to B. is going to C. will D. is to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:电影马上就要开始了。我们快点。be about to 表示“即将”,强调马上。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我正要做作业,这时我的朋友来了。
I ________ ________ ________ do my homework when my friend came.
【答案】was about to
【详解】句意:我正要做作业,这时我的朋友来了。was about to固定搭配,表示“即将”。故填was;about;to。
Unit 6词句高频考点、重难点讲练
1、blind
【用法讲解】
① blind作形容词,意为"瞎的;失明的"。
② blind还可意为"盲目的;视而不见的"。
③ blind作动词,意为"使失明;使看不见"。
【词形变化】
blindly adv. 盲目地
blindness n. 失明
【常用结构】
① be blind to 对……视而不见
例句:Some parents are blind to their children's mistakes. (有些父母对孩子的错误视而不见。)
【常见短语】
turn a blind eye to (对……睁一只眼闭一只眼)
the blind 盲人(集合名词,作主语,谓语用复数)
例句:The blind have a keen touch.(盲人有敏锐的触觉。)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. The old man has been ________ since he was five years old.
A. blind B. blindness C. blind to D. blindly
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这位老人从五岁起就失明了。blind作形容词“失明的”,be blind系表结构。故选A。
2. Some parents are ________ their children’s bad habits.
A. blind to B. blind with C. blind of D. blind for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:有些父母对孩子的坏习惯视而不见。be blind to “对……视而不见”,固定搭配。故选A。
2、They usually do so by donating money. 他们通常通过捐款来这样做。
(1)donate
【用法讲解】
donate作动词,意为"捐赠;捐献"。
【词形变化】
donation n. 捐赠;捐款
【常用结构】
① donate sth. to sb./sth. 把某物捐给某人/某机构
例句:She donated her old clothes to charity. (她把旧衣服捐给了慈善机构。)
② donate blood 献血
例句:Many volunteers donate blood every year. (许多志愿者每年献血。)
【常见短语】
donate money (捐款)
donate to charity (捐给慈善机构)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He donated a large amount of money ________ the poor.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他向穷人捐赠了一大笔钱。donate sth. to sb./sth. 固定搭配,意为“捐赠给……”。故选A。
2. Many people ________ blood to help patients in need.
A. donate B. donates C. donated
【答案】A
【详解】句意:许多人献血帮助有需要的病人。donate blood “献血”,主语people是复数,用原形。故选A。
3、expect
【用法讲解】
① expect作动词,意为"期待;预料",指认为某事很可能发生。
② expect还可意为"期望;要求"。
【词形变化】
expectation n. 期待;期望
【常用结构】
① expect to do sth. 期待做某事
例句:We expect to arrive by noon. (我们预计中午前到达。)
② expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
例句:The teacher expects us to finish our homework. (老师期望我们完成作业。)
③ expect that... 预料……
例句:I expect that it will rain tomorrow. (我预料明天会下雨。)
【易混词辨析】expect, hope
① expect强调"预料",认为某事很可能发生。
例句:I expect him to come. (我预料他会来。)
② hope强调"希望",不强调可能性。
例句:I hope he can come. (我希望他能来。)
【易错点】
expect后面可跟不定式或that从句,但不能跟动名词。注意expect sb. to do sth.结构中,sb.是宾语,to do是宾补。否定形式expect not to do。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. The teacher expects us ________ our homework on time.
A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意:老师期望我们按时完成作业。expect sb. to do sth. 固定结构。故选C。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 我预计明天会下雨。
I ________ ________ it will rain tomorrow.
【答案】expect that
【详解】句意:我预计明天会下雨。expect + that从句,意为“预料……”。故填expect;that。
2. 妈妈期望我成为一名医生。
My mother ________ me ________ become a doctor.
【答案】expects;to
【详解】句意:妈妈期望我成为一名医生。expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事,主语mother三单,expects。故填expects;to。
4、This great international event requires support from lots of volunteers.这项盛大的国际活动需要众多志愿者的支持。
(1)require
【用法讲解】
require作动词,意为"需要;要求"。
【词形变化】
requirement n. 要求;必要条件
【常用结构】
① require sth. 需要某物
例句:Plants require sunlight and water. (植物需要阳光和水。)
② require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
例句:The law requires you to wear a seatbelt. (法律要求你系安全带。)
③ require that... (should) do 要求……(should可省略)
例句:The rules require that everyone (should) be on time. (规定要求每个人都准时。)
【易错点】
require后接that从句时,从句谓语常用"should+动词原形",should可省略,即虚拟语气。require doing = require to be done,如The car requires washing = The car requires to be washed。
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. This job ________ a lot of patience and hard work.
A. requires B. asks C. needs D. both A and C
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这份工作需要很多的耐心和努力。require和need都可表示“需要”,此处两者均可。故选D。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. What are the ________ (require) for entering this school?
【答案】requirements
【详解】句意:进入这所学校的要求是什么?requirement要求,可数名词,常用复数。故填requirements。
5、receive
【用法讲解】
receive作动词,意为"收到;接到"。
【词形变化】
receiver n. 接收器;听筒
reception n. 接待;招待会
【常用结构】
① receive sth. from sb. 从某人那里收到某物
例句:He received a gift from his mother. (他收到了妈妈的礼物。)
② receive a phone call 接电话
例句:She received a phone call from her boss. (她接到了老板的电话。)
【易混词辨析】receive与accept
① receive指客观"收到"的动作,不一定接受。
例句:I received his invitation but didn't accept it. (我收到了他的邀请但没有接受。)
② accept指主观"接受",表示同意。
例句:She accepted the job offer. (她接受了这份工作。)
【常见短语】
receive an award (获奖)
receive treatment (接受治疗)
即|讲|即|练
一、单项选择题
1. He ________ a letter from his friend yesterday.
A. accepted B. received C.took
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他昨天收到了朋友的来信。receive “收到”,强调客观动作。accept “接受”强调主观。故选B。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他住院后接受了治疗。
He ________ ________ in the hospital after he was ill.
【答案】received treatment
【详解】句意:他住院后接受了治疗。receive treatment接受治疗,这里用一般过去式。故填received;treatment。
2. 她没有收到我的短信。
She didn’t ________ my text ________.
【答案】receive;message
【详解】句意:她没有收到我的短信。text message短信,receive a message收到信息。故填receive;message。
6、necessary
【用法讲解】
necessary作形容词,意为"必要的;必需的"。
【词形变化】
necessarily adv. 必要地
necessity n. 必要性;必需品
【常用结构】
① it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是必要的
例句:It is necessary for you to arrive on time. (你有必要准时到达。)
② if necessary 如果有必要
例句:You can call me if necessary. (有必要的话可以打电话给我。)
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一、单项选择题
1. It is ________ for us to exercise every day to keep healthy.
A. necessary B. necessarily C. necessity D. unnecessary
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了保持健康,我们每天锻炼是必要的。It is necessary for sb. to do sth.某人做某事是必要的。故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It is ________ (necessary) to worry too much. Everything will be fine.
【答案】unnecessary
【详解】句意:不必过分担心。一切都会好的。unnecessary “不必要的”,根据句意。故填unnecessary。
7、remind
【用法讲解】
remind作动词,意为"提醒;使想起"。
【常用结构】
① remind sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
例句:Remind me to buy milk on the way home. (提醒我回家的路上买牛奶。)
例句:He reminded me not to be late. (他提醒我不要迟到。)
② remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
例句:The song reminds me of you. (这首歌让我想起你。)
③ remind sb. that... 提醒某人……
例句:He reminded me that we had a meeting. (他提醒我们有个会议。)
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一、单项选择题
1. This photo reminds me ________ my childhood.
A. of B. to C. with D. for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这张照片让我想起我的童年。remind sb. of sth. “使某人想起某事”。故选A。
2. Please remind me ________ the letter tomorrow morning.
A. post B. posting C. to post D. posted
【答案】C
【详解】句意:请提醒我明天早上寄信。remind sb. to do sth. “提醒某人做某事”。故选C。
8、ability
【用法讲解】
ability作名词,意为"能力;才能"。
【词形变化】
able adj. 能够的
disable v. 使无能
【常用结构】
① the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力
例句:She has the ability to solve problems. (她有解决问题的能力。)
② have ability in sth. 在某方面有能力
例句:He has great ability in math. (他数学能力很强。)
【易错点】
ability后通常接不定式(to do),不接of doing。注意复数abilities指各种能力。
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一、单项选择题
1. She has the ability ________ the problem by herself.
A. solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她有独立解决这个问题的能力。the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力,是固定搭配。故选C。
2. He is a man of many ________.
A. ability B. abilities C. able D. ably
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他是一个多才多艺的人。many后接复数名词,abilities “才能”。故选B。
9、courage
【用法讲解】
courage作名词,意为"勇气;胆量"。
【词形变化】
courageous adj. 勇敢的
encourage v. 鼓励
discourage v. 使气馁
【常用结构】
① have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事
例句:Do you have the courage to tell the truth? (你有勇气说出真相吗?)
② take courage 鼓起勇气
例句:Take courage! You can do it. (鼓起勇气!你能行。)
③ lose courage 失去勇气
例句:Don't lose courage when you fail. (失败时不要失去勇气。)
【易错点】
courage是不可数名词,不能说a courage,但可以说a lot of courage。注意短语have the courage to do sth.中冠词the不能少。
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一、单项选择题
1. He had the ________ to tell the truth.
A. courage B. encourage C. discourage D. courages
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他有勇气说出真相。have the courage to do sth.有勇气做某事,courage是不名词。故选A。
2. Don’t lose ________. You will succeed one day.
A. heart B. courage C. mind D. hope
【答案】B
【详解】句意:不要失去勇气。总有一天你会成功的。lose courage “失去勇气”。故选B。
10、achieve
【用法讲解】
achieve作动词,意为"实现;取得;达到",尤指通过努力达成目标。
【词形变化】
achievement n. 成就;实现
achievable adj. 可实现的
【常用结构】
① achieve success 获得成功
例句:He worked hard and achieved success. (他努力工作并获得了成功。)
② achieve one's goal 实现目标
例句:She finally achieved her goal of running a marathon. (她最终实现了跑马拉松的目标。)
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一、单项选择题
1. He worked hard and finally ________ success.
A. achieved B. made C. did D. got
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他努力工作,最终获得了成功。achieve success “获得成功”,固定搭配。故选A。
2. What is your greatest ________?
A. achieve B. achievement C. achievable D. achieving
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你最大的成就是什么?your greatest后面缺名词,achievement “成就”,是名词。故选B。
11、influence
【用法讲解】
① influence作名词,意为"影响;影响力"。
② influence作动词,意为"影响;对……起作用"。
【词形变化】
influential adj. 有影响力的
【常用结构】
① influence on/upon 对……的影响
例句:His words had a strong influence on me. (他的话对我影响很大。)
② under the influence of 在……的影响下
例句:He made the decision under the influence of his friends. (他在朋友的影响下做了决定。)
③ influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
例句:The teacher influenced me to study harder. (老师影响我更加努力学习。)
【易混词辨析】influence, affect与effect
① influence指潜移默化的影响,后可接on。
例句:The weather influences his mood. (天气影响他的心情。)
② affect作动词,指直接产生变化,常含负面。
例句:Smoking affects your health. (吸烟影响健康。)
③ effect作名词,意为"效果、影响"。
例句:The medicine had a good effect. (药效很好。)
【常见短语】
bad influence (坏影响)
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一、单项选择题
1. The weather can ________ people’s mood.
A. affect B. effect C. influence D. both A and C
【答案】D
【详解】句意:天气会影响人们的情绪。affect和influence都可作动词表示“影响”,effect是名词。故选D。
2. Her father had a great ________ on her choice of career.
A. influence B. affect C. result
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她的父亲对她职业选择有很大影响。have a great influence on “对……有很大影响”,固定搭配。故选A。
12、compete
【用法讲解】
compete作动词,意为"竞争;比赛"。
【词形变化】
competition n. 竞争;比赛
competitor n. 竞争者
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
【常用结构】
① compete in 参加……比赛
例句:She will compete in the 100-meter race. (她将参加100米赛跑。)
② compete with/against 与……竞争
例句:He is competing with three other people for the job. (他在和其他三个人竞争这份工作。)
③ compete for 为……而竞争
例句:Several teams are competing for the championship. (几个队在争夺冠军。)
【易混词辨析】competition与match
① competition泛指比赛、竞争,范围广。
例句:The art competition attracted many participants. (艺术比赛吸引了许多参赛者。)
② match指两队或两人的对抗赛,如足球、网球。
例句:We watched a basketball match. (我们看了一场篮球赛。)
【易错点】
competition作"比赛"时可数,作"竞争"时常不可数。
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一、单项选择题
1. He will compete ________ the 100-meter race.
A. for B. in C. with D. against
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他将参加100米比赛。compete in “参加……比赛”。故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The ________ (compete) between the two teams was very exciting.
【答案】competition
【详解】句意:两支队伍之间的比赛非常激动人心。这里作主语,应用名词,competition比赛,名词。故填competition。
13、voluntary
【用法讲解】
voluntary作形容词,意为"自愿的;志愿的;主动的"。
【词形变化】
volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿做
voluntarily adv. 自愿地
【常用结构】
① voluntary work/service 志愿工作/服务
例句:Many students take part in voluntary service. (许多学生参加志愿服务。)
【常见短语】
voluntary organization (志愿组织)
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一、单项选择题
1. Many students do ________ work in their free time.
A. voluntary B. volunteer C. voluntarily D. volunteering
【答案】A
【详解】句意:许多学生在空闲时间做志愿工作。voluntary 形容词,修饰work。volunteer可作名词或动词。故选A。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他参加了志愿服务。
He took part in ________ ________.
【答案】voluntary service
【详解】句意:他参加了志愿服务。voluntary service志愿服务。故填voluntary;service。
14、cross
【用法讲解】
① cross作动词,意为"穿过;越过;交叉"。
② cross作名词,意为"十字架;十字形"。
【词形变化】
crossing n. 十字路口;渡口
【常用结构】
① cross the line 越界
例句:His joke crossed the line. (他的玩笑过分了。)
【易混词辨析】cross, across与through
① cross是动词。
例句:Cross the bridge. (过桥。)
② across是介词或副词。
例句:Walk across the bridge. (走过桥。)
③ through指从内部穿过。
例句:The river flows through the city. (河流穿过城市。)
【常见短语】
cross the street (过马路)
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1. Be careful when you ________ the street.
A. across B. cross C. crossing D. crossed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:过马路时要小心。cross是动词,across是介词。此处缺谓语动词,且为一般现在时,用cross。故选B。
2. Walk ________ the bridge and you will see the museum.
A. cross B. across C. crossing D. crossed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:走过桥,你就会看到博物馆。across 介词,walk across “走过”。故选B。
15、He suffers from a serious blood disease. 他遭受着严重的血液疾病。
(1)suffer
【用法讲解】
suffer作动词,意为"遭受;忍受;受苦"。
【词形变化】
suffering n. 痛苦
【常用结构】
① suffer from + 疾病/问题 受……折磨;患……病
例句:He suffers from headaches. (他患头痛病。)
② suffer for 因……而受苦
例句:He suffered for his mistakes. (他因错误而受苦。)
③ suffer pain/loss 遭受痛苦/损失
例句:The city suffered serious damage in the earthquake. (这座城市在地震中遭受严重破坏。)
【易混词辨析】suffer from与suffer
① suffer from后接疾病、痛苦的具体原因。
例句:She suffers from back pain. (她背痛。)
② suffer直接接pain, loss, damage等抽象名词,不接疾病名称。
例句:He suffered a heart attack. (他心脏病发作。)
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一、单项选择题
1. He ________ a lot of pain after the accident.
A. suffered B. suffered from C. suffered to D. suffered for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:事故后他承受了很多痛苦。suffer后可直接接pain/loss 等抽象名词,不加from。suffer from 后接疾病等。故选A。
2. She ________ a serious illness for many years.
A. suffered B. suffered from C. suffered with D. suffered of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她患严重疾病多年。suffer from + 疾病,意为“受……折磨;患……病”。故选B。
16、blood
【用法讲解】
blood作名词,意为"血液;血统"。
【词形变化】
bleed v. 流血
【常用结构】
① donate blood 献血
例句:Many people donate blood to help others. (许多人献血帮助他人。)
② blood pressure 血压
例句:My blood pressure is normal. (我血压正常。)
【常见短语】
blood type (血型)
blood vessel (血管)
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一、单项选择题
1. He is willing to ________ blood to help others.
A. give B. donate C. both A and B D. take
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他愿意献血帮助他人。donate blood 和 give blood 可以表示“献血”,都正确。故选C。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. He ________ (bleed) heavily after cutting his finger.
【答案】bled
【详解】句意:他割破手指后流了很多血。bleed “流血”,这里应用过去式为bled。故填bled。
17、absent
【用法讲解】
absent作形容词,意为"缺席的;不在的"。
【词形变化】
absence n. 缺席;缺乏
【常用结构】
① be absent from 缺席……
例句:She was absent from the meeting. (她没来开会。)
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一、单项选择题
1. His ________ from the meeting made the boss angry.
A. absent B. absence C. absently D. absentee
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他缺席会议让老板生气。这里作主语,应使用名词形式,absence 名词“缺席”。故选B。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 他没来开会。
He ________ ________ ________ the meeting.
【答案】was absent from
【详解】句意:他没来开会。be absent from意为“缺席”,根据句意,这里用过去时。故填was;absent;from。
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