·期末复习Unit1—8单元重难点精讲精练2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

八年级英语（译林版）下册·期末复习 单元重难点精讲精炼 Unit 1 Past and present 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 past n./adj. /pɑːst/ 过去；过去的 present n./adj. /ˈpreznt/ 现在；目前的 since conj./prep. /sɪns/ 自……以来 transport n. /ˈtrænspɔːt/ 交通，运输 narrow adj. /ˈnærəʊ/ 狭窄的 lonely adj. /ˈləʊnli/ 孤独的，寂寞的 married adj. /ˈmærid/ 已婚的 realize v. /ˈriːəlaɪz/ 意识到；实现 improve v. /ɪmˈpruːv/ 改善，改进 environment n. /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ 环境 condition n. /kənˈdɪʃn/ 状况，条件 recently adv. /ˈriːsntli/ 最近 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）lonely vs. alone 词 含义 例句 lonely 孤独的（心理感受，含负面情感） He felt lonely after his friends moved away. alone 独自的（客观状态，中性） He lives alone, but he never feels lonely. alone 是“一个人”，lonely 是“很孤独”。 （二）used to do vs. be used to doing 结构 含义 例句 used to do sth 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） I used to live in the countryside. be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 I am used to living in the city. （三）marry / get married / be married 用法 示例 注意事项 marry sb She married a doctor. marry 是及物动词，不加 to get married (to sb) She got married to a doctor. 强调结婚的动作 be married (to sb) She has been married for 10 years. 强调婚姻的状态 二、重点短语归纳 序号 短语 释义 例句 1 in the past 在过去 In the past, the streets were narrow. 2 at present 目前，现在 At present, the city is modern and clean. 3 get married 结婚 They got married ten years ago. 4 change a lot 变化很大 The town has changed a lot. 5 turn...into... 把……变成…… They turned the factory into a museum. 6 move away 搬走 Some families moved away. 7 from time to time 不时，偶尔 I visit my hometown from time to time. 8 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 We keep in touch with each other by email. 9 communicate with 与……交流 The Internet makes it easier to communicate. 10 take action 采取行动 The government took action to improve the situation. 三、经典句型突破 句型一：表达“过去常常做某事”—— used to used to 后接动词原形，表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在不再如此。 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 I used to live in a small flat. There used to be an old cinema near here. 否定句 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 He didn't use to get up early. 疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ Did you use to play football after school? 句型二：表达“已经做某事多长时间”—— 现在完成时 基本结构 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 The town has changed a lot over the years. 与 since 连用 since 后面接时间点 I have lived here since I was born. 与 for 连用 for 后面接时间段 We have lived in this city for ten years. 四、语法深度解析 一、现在完成时的结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have seen the movie. 否定句 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 She hasn't finished her homework. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Have you ever been to Beijing? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？ Where have you been? 二、现在完成时的三种用法 用法 说明 例句 对现在有影响 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果 I have lost my key. (现在打不开门) 持续到现在 过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在 We have lived here for ten years. 表示经历 从过去到现在经历过某事 Have you ever visited the Great Wall? 三、since 和 for 的用法对比 词 用法 示例 since + 时间点 since 2010, since last week, since I was born for + 时间段 for three days, for two years, for a long time ⚠️ 区分：since 后接“起点”，for 后接“长度”。不能说 since two years，要说 for two years 或 since two years ago。 四、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 时态 强调 标志词 现在完成时 过去与现在的联系 already, yet, ever, never, since, for 一般过去时 过去的动作本身 yesterday, last week, ...ago, in 2010 五、不规则动词过去分词（必背！） （一）AAA型（原形、过去式、过去分词同形） 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 切，割 hit hit hit 打，撞 hurt hurt hurt 伤害 let let let 让 put put put 放 read read read 读 set set set 设置 shut shut shut 关闭 （二）ABB型（过去式和过去分词相同） 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 catch caught caught 抓住 fight fought fought 战斗 teach taught taught 教 think thought thought 思考 build built built 建造 lend lent lent 借出 send sent sent 发送 spend spent spent 花费 feel felt felt 感觉 keep kept kept 保持 sleep slept slept 睡觉 leave left left 离开 meet met met 遇见 have had had 有 hear heard heard 听见 hold held held 拿着 make made made 制作 sell sold sold 卖 tell told told 告诉 find found found 找到 get got got 得到 lose lost lost 丢失 mean meant meant 意思是 （三）ABC型（原形、过去式、过去分词各不相同） 原形 过去式 过去分词 释义 be was/were been 是 begin began begun 开始 break broke broken 打破 choose chose chosen 选择 come came come 来 do did done 做 drink drank drunk 喝 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 fly flew flown 飞 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 give gave given 给 go went gone 去 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 ride rode ridden 骑 ring rang rung 铃响 rise rose risen 升起 see saw seen 看见 speak spoke spoken 说话 steal stole stolen 偷 swim swam swum 游泳 take took taken 拿 throw threw thrown 扔 wake woke woken 醒来 wear wore worn 穿 write wrote written 写 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ 解析 和某人结婚 marry with sb marry sb / get married to sb marry 是及物动词 过去常常 was used to do used to do used to do 表过去习惯 习惯于 used to doing be used to doing be used to 表习惯 since/for 混淆 since two years for two years / since two years ago since + 时间点 现在完成时标志词 yesterday (用完成时) yesterday (用过去时) 明确过去时间用过去时 过去分词混淆 have went have gone go 的过去分词是 gone 六、分层精准训练 A层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. I ________ (过去常常) live in the countryside. 2. The city has ________ (变化) a lot over the years. 3. They got ________ (结婚) ten years ago. 4. He felt ________ (孤独的) after his friends moved away. 5. The government ________ (意识到) the problem and took action. 6. I have lived here ________ (自从) I was born. 7. ________ (目前), the town is clean and modern. 8. We ________ (保持联系) with each other by email. 9. The factory was ________ (变成) into a museum. 10. He ________ (搬走) to another city last year. 二、单项选择 1. My hometown has changed a lot ________ the past ten years. A. on  B. in  C. at  D. for 2. —________ you ever ________ to Shanghai? —Yes, I have. A. Do, go  B. Have, gone  C. Did, go  D. Have, been 3. He ________ live in a small flat, but now he lives in a big house. A. used to  B. is used to  C. was used to D. got used to 4. She ________ a doctor two years ago. A. married with B. got married C. married  D. married to 5. —Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing. A. has been  B. has gone  C. went  D. goes 6. I have studied English ________ 2015. A. since  B. for  C. in  D. after 7. The old man lives ________, but he never feels ________. A. alone, alone B. lonely, lonely C. lonely, alone D. alone, lonely 8. I ________ my key. I can't open the door now. A. lose  B. lost  C. have lost  D. was losing 9. They ________ the old cinema into a shopping mall. A. turned  B. changed  C. became  D. got 10. We ________ each other since we were children. A. know  B. have known C. knew D. will know B层：能力提升 三、句型转换 1. I moved to this city ten years ago.（改为同义句） → I ________ ________ in this city ________ ten years. 2. She has already finished her homework.（改为否定句） → She ________ finished her homework ________. 3. He has lived here since he was born.（对划线部分提问） → ________ ________ has he lived here? 4. The town was small and quiet in the past.（用 used to 改写） → The town ________ ________ be small and quiet. 5. I have never visited the Great Wall.（改为一般疑问句） → ________ you ________ visited the Great Wall? 6. They got married in 2010.（改为同义句） → They ________ ________ ________ for ________ years. 7. We communicate by email because it's convenient.（对划线部分提问） → ________ ________ you communicate by email? 8. The street was narrow before, but now it's wide.（用 however 合并） → The street was narrow before; ________, now it's wide. 四、完成句子 1. 这个城镇在过去十年发生了很大变化。 The town ________ ________ a lot ________ the past ten years. 2. 他自出生起就住在这里。 He ________ ________ here ________ he was born. 3. 我以前习惯早起，但现在不了。 I ________ ________ get up early, but now I don't. 4. 我们主要通过电子邮件保持联系。 We ________ ________ ________ with each other mainly by email. 5. 政府意识到这个问题并采取了行动。 The government ________ the problem and ________ ________. 6. 这个老电影院被改造成了一个购物中心。 The old cinema ________ ________ ________ a shopping mall. 7. 他独自生活，但从不感到孤独。 He lives ________, but he never feels ________. 8. 我最近收到了他的来信。 I ________ ________ him recently. C层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 Shenzhen is a city in southern China. It is famous for its rapid development. In the past, Shenzhen was a small fishing village with only about 30,000 people. Most people lived in small houses and worked as fishermen or farmers. The streets were narrow, and there were no modern buildings. In 1980, Shenzhen became China's first special economic zone. Since then, great changes have taken place. The population has grown to over 17 million. Many people from different parts of China have moved to Shenzhen to find jobs. Now, Shenzhen is a modern city with tall buildings, wide streets, and a convenient transport system. The city is also famous for its technology companies, such as Huawei and Tencent. People's living conditions have improved a lot. However, the fast development has also brought some problems, such as air pollution and heavy traffic. 根据短文内容，完成下表： 项目 过去的深圳 现在的深圳 人口 1. ________ 2. ________ 房屋 3. ________ tall buildings 街道 narrow 4. ________ 产业 fishing and farming 5. ________ 6. When did Shenzhen become a special economic zone? → It became a special economic zone in ________. 7. What problems has the fast development brought? → It has brought ________ and ________. 六、书面表达 以“Changes in my hometown”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文。 参考答案 1、 1. used to 2. changed 3. married 4. lonely 5. realized 6. since 7. At present 8. keep in touch 9. was turned 10. moved away 2、 1–5 BDACB 6–10 ADCAB 3、 1. have lived, for 2. hasn't, yet 3. How long 4. used to 5. Have, ever 6. have been married, ten 7. Why do 8. however 4、 1. has changed, in 2. has lived, since 3. used to 4. keep in touch 5. realized, took action 6. was turned into 7. alone, lonely 8. heard from 5、 1. about 30,000 2. over 17 million 3. small houses 4. wide 5. technology companies 6. 1980 7. air pollution, heavy traffic 6、 Changes in my hometown My hometown has changed a lot over the years. In the past, the streets were narrow and the houses were old. People used to walk or ride bikes. Now, the streets are wide and clean. There are many tall buildings. Most families have cars. The environment is much better. I am glad to see these great changes. I love my hometown more than before. Unit 2 Amazing China 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 amazing adj. /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ 令人惊奇的 attraction n. /əˈtrækʃn/ 景点；吸引力 ancient adj. /ˈeɪnʃənt/ 古代的，古老的 capital n. /ˈkæpɪtl/ 首都 culture n. /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ 文化 heritage n. /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ 遗产 historical adj. /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/ 历史的 landscape n. /ˈlændskeɪp/ 风景，景观 magnificent adj. /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ 宏伟的，壮丽的 province n. /ˈprɒvɪns/ 省 recommend v. /ˌrekəˈmend/ 推荐 tourism n. /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ 旅游业 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）trip / travel / journey 词 含义 用法 trip 短途旅行 可数名词，常指往返行程 travel 旅行（泛指） 不可数名词，也可作动词 journey 长途旅行 可数名词，强调路程 （二）scenery / view / sight 词 含义 用法 scenery 风景（自然风光） 不可数名词，指整体风景 view 景色，视野 可数名词，指从某处看到的景色 sight 景象，名胜 可数名词，常指值得看的景点 （三）have been to vs. have gone to 结构 含义 例句 have/has been to 去过某地（已回来） I have been to Beijing. have/has gone to 去了某地（未回来） He has gone to Shanghai. 注意：have/has been in 表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与 for 或 since 连用。 二、重点短语归纳 序号 短语 释义 例句 1 places of interest 名胜古迹 There are many places of interest in China. 2 be famous for 因……著名 Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. 3 be known as 被称为 Beijing is known as the capital of China. 4 be located in 位于 The Great Wall is located in northern China. 5 take photos 拍照 We took many photos during the trip. 6 have a long history 历史悠久 China has a long history of 5,000 years. 7 millions of 数百万的 Millions of tourists visit the city every year. 8 on one's way to 在去……的路上 We met a friend on our way to the airport. 9 check in 办理登机/入住 We checked in at the hotel. 10 a symbol of ……的象征 The Great Wall is a symbol of China. 三、经典句型突破 句型一：表达“去过某地”与“去了某地” have/has been to 表示“去过某地”，现在已回来。 I have been to Beijing twice. have/has gone to 表示“去了某地”，现在还没回来。 He has gone to Shanghai. 句型二：介绍景点 The West Lake is located in Hangzhou. It is famous for its beautiful scenery. 句型三：表达“强烈推荐” I strongly recommend visiting the Great Wall. 句型四：表达“做某事花费多长时间” It takes/took + 人 + 时间 + to do sth 4、 语法深度解析 4.1 have/has been to /have/has gone to /have/has been in 精讲 （一）三者核心区别 结构 含义 人现在在哪 常用搭配 主语限制 have/has been to + 地点 去过某地（已回来） 不在该地 ever, never, once, twice, … times 所有人称 have/has gone to + 地点 去了某地（未回来） 在该地 / 路上 不与次数连用 一般不用 I/we have/has been in + 地点 在某地待了多久 仍在该地 for + 时间段 /since + 时间点 所有人称 （二）例句对照 I have been to Beijing twice.（我去过北京两次，现在已回来） —Where is Tom? —He has gone to Beijing.（去了没回） He has been in Beijing for 3 years.（待了 3 年，还在） （三）特殊用法 地点副词（here/there/home）前不加 to/in He has been there. He has gone home. been to 强调经历；gone to 强调去向；been in 强调持续。 4.2 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 （一）核心区别 时态 强调 时间标志词 与现在关系 现在完成时 过去对现在的影响 / 结果 / 持续 already, yet, ever, never, for, since, so far 有关联 一般过去时 过去动作本身（何时 / 何地做） yesterday, last…, …ago, just now, in 2020 无关联 （二）例句对比 I have lost my pen.（丢了，现在没笔用） I lost my pen yesterday.（昨天丢，现在可能找到了） 4.3 动词不定式作目的状语（to do 表 “为了……”） （一）基本结构 to + 动词原形 → 翻译：为了做某事 （二）位置与用法 句末（最常用） We go to the West Lake to enjoy the beautiful view. 句首（强调目的，逗号隔开） To save time, we took the underground. 强化形式 in order to（正式）：He got up early in order to catch the bus. so as to（不用于句首）：She spoke loudly so as to be heard. （三）同义转换 to do = in order to do = so that + 从句 He studies hard to get good grades. = He studies hard so that he can get good grades. 4.4 延续性动词与短暂性动词转换 现在完成时与 for/since 连用时，短暂动词必须变延续： buy → have borrow → keep die → be dead leave → be away join → be in / be a member of come → be in 例句： I bought the bike last year.（过去时） I have had the bike for a year.（完成时 + 延续） 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ been to / gone to He has been to Beijing. He has gone to Beijing. 拍照片 make photos take photos 六、分层精准训练 A层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. Have you ever ________ (去过) to the Great Wall? 2. He has ________ (去了) to Shanghai on business. 3. It ________ (花费) us three hours to get to the airport. 4. The scenery in Guilin is ________ (令人惊叹的). 5. We bought some ________ (纪念品) for our friends. 6. There are many places of ________ (名胜) in Beijing. 7. We ________ (办理登机) at the airport two hours before the flight. 8. The Great Wall has a long ________ (历史) of over 2,000 years. 9. I strongly ________ (推荐) visiting the West Lake. 10. We ________ (拍照) many photos during the trip. 二、单项选择 1. —Where is your father? —He ________ to Beijing on business. A. has been  B. has gone  C. went  D. goes 2. I ________ to the Great Wall twice. A. have been  B. have gone  C. went  D. go 3. It ________ me two hours to finish my homework yesterday. A. takes  B. took  C. will take  D. is taking 4. My hometown is ________ for its delicious food. A. known  B. knew  C. knows  D. knowing 5. We ________ many photos during the trip to Hangzhou. A. made  B. took  C. did  D. got 6. —________ have you been in this city? —For five years. A. How often  B. How long  C. How soon  D. How many 7. She has been in Beijing ________ three years. A. since  B. for  C. in  D. after 8. ________ get there on time, we took the early bus. A. In order to  B. So that  C. Because  D. Although 9. —Have you ever ________ to Xi'an? —Yes, I ________ there last year. A. gone, went  B. been, went  C. been, have gone D. gone, have been 10. The view ________ the top of the mountain is wonderful. A. in  B. on  C. from  D. at B层：能力提升 三、句型转换 1. He went to Shanghai yesterday. He hasn't come back yet.（合并为一句） → He has ________ ________ Shanghai. 2. I have been to Hangzhou before.（改为否定句） → I ________ ________ been to Hangzhou before. 3. I spent two hours finishing my homework.（改为同义句） → It ________ me two hours ________ finish my homework. 4. The West Lake is located in Hangzhou. People like it very much.（合并为一句） → The West Lake, ________ is located in Hangzhou, is very popular. 5. She has been in this city since 2015.（对划线部分提问） → ________ ________ has she been in this city? 6. He went to Beijing two days ago.（改为同义句） → He has ________ ________ Beijing for two days. 7. We took the early bus. We wanted to get there on time.（合并为一句） → We took the early bus ________ ________ get there on time. 8. The Great Wall is a symbol of China.（对划线部分提问） → ________ is a symbol of China? 四、完成句子 1. 你去过长城吗？ ________ you ever ________ ________ the Great Wall? 2. 他去北京了，还没回来。 He has ________ ________ Beijing and hasn't come back yet. 3. 桂林以美丽的风景而闻名。 Guilin is ________ ________ its beautiful scenery. 4. 西安是古丝绸之路的起点。 Xi'an is the ________ ________ of the ancient Silk Road. 5. 故宫位于北京的中心。 The Forbidden City is ________ in the ________ of Beijing. 6. 我强烈推荐参观兵马俑。 I ________ ________ visiting the Terracotta Warriors. 7. 从山顶看到的景色很美。 The ________ ________ the top of the mountain is beautiful. 8. 她在这座城市住了五年了。 She has ________ ________ this city for five years. C层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 Last summer, my family and I went on a trip to Xi'an. Xi'an is an ancient city in the northwest of China. It is famous for the Terracotta Warriors, which are known as the eighth wonder of the world. We took a flight from Shanghai to Xi'an. It took about two hours. After we checked in at the hotel, we went to the city centre to try some local food. The food was delicious. The next day, we visited the Terracotta Warriors. We were amazed by the life-sized warriors. They were all different. Some were soldiers, and some were horses. We also visited the ancient city wall. We rented bicycles and rode along the wall. It was a great experience. We took many photos there. On the last day, we went to the Muslim Quarter. We bought some souvenirs for our friends and family. The trip was really wonderful. I learned a lot about Chinese history and culture. 根据短文内容，判断正误（T/F）： 1. Xi'an is an ancient city in the southwest of China. 2. The Terracotta Warriors are known as the eighth wonder of the world. 3. They took a train from Shanghai to Xi'an. 4. They rented bikes to ride along the ancient city wall. 5. They bought souvenirs in the Muslim Quarter. 根据短文内容，回答问题： 6. How long did it take to fly from Shanghai to Xi'an? → It took about ________ hours. 7. What did they do on the last day? → They went to the ________ and bought ________. 六、书面表达 以“A place of interest in China”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文。 参考答案 1、 1. been 2. gone 3. took 4. amazing 5. souvenirs 6. interest 7. checked in 8. history 9. recommend 10. took 2、 1–5 BABAB 6–10 BBABC 3、 1. gone to 2. have never 3. took, to 4. which 5. How long 6. been in 7. in order to 8. What 4、 1. Have, been to 2. gone to 3. famous for 4. starting point 5. located, centre 6. strongly recommend 7. view from 8. been in 5、 1–5 FTFTT 6. two 7. Muslim Quarter, souvenirs 6、 A place of interest in China The Great Wall is a great place of interest in China. It has a long history of more than 2,000 years. It is very long and looks like a huge dragon. Millions of tourists visit it every year. I have been there twice. The view from the top is amazing. It is a symbol of China. I strongly recommend you to visit it. You will have a wonderful time. Unit 3 The world at one click 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 click n./v. /klɪk/ 单击；点击 online adj./adv. /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ 在线 tour n./v. /tʊə(r)/ 旅游；观光 website n. /ˈwebsaɪt/ 网站 homepage n. /ˈhəʊmpeɪdʒ/ 主页 search v./n. /sɜːtʃ/ 搜索 information n. /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ 信息 international adj. /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ 国际的 destination n. /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ 目的地 explore v. /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ 探索 view n. /vjuː/ 景色；视野 convenient adj. /kənˈviːniənt/ 方便的 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）search / search for / look for 短语 含义 用法 search + 地点 搜查某地 search the house 搜查房子 search for + 目标 寻找某物/人 search for information 搜索信息 look for 寻找（更常用） I am looking for my pen. （二）information / message / news 词 含义 可数性 information 信息（泛指） 不可数 message 消息，口信 可数 news 新闻 不可数 二、重点短语归纳 序号 短语 释义 例句 1 at one click 一键 You can book tickets at one click. 2 online tour 在线旅游 Take an online tour of the city. 3 click on 点击 Click on the link to open the page. 4 search for 搜索 You can search for information online. 5 at the top/bottom of 在……顶部/底部 The menu is at the top of the page. 6 a symbol of ……的象征 The Opera House is a symbol of Sydney. 7 millions of 数百万的 Millions of people visit the city every year. 8 be famous for 因……著名 The city is famous for its harbour. 9 take a tour 游览 We took a tour of the museum. 10 on the website 在网站上 You can find the information on the website. 三、经典句型突破 句型一：表达“点击……打开……” Please click on the picture to open the page. 句型二：表达“花费时间做某事” It takes + 人 + 时间 + to do sth 人 + spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth 句型三：表达“被称为” be known as 四、语法深度解析 4.1 现在完成时的常见时间状语 4.2 动词不定式作宾语 4.3 疑问词 + 动词不定式 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ information 可数 an information a piece of information 搜索信息 search the information search for information 六、分层精准训练 A层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. You can take an ________ (在线的) tour of the city. 2. Please ________ (点击) on the link to open the page. 3. You can ________ (搜索) for information on the website. 4. The menu is at the ________ (顶部) of the page. 5. I need some ________ (信息) about the city. 6. The Opera House is a ________ (象征) of Sydney. 7. ________ (数百万的) of tourists visit the city every year. 8. I have ________ (已经) finished my homework. 9. He has ________ (刚刚) left the office. 10. Have you ________ (曾经) been to the UK? 二、单项选择 1. Please click ________ the link to open the page. A. in  B. at  C. on   D. for 2. You can search ________ information on the Internet. A. to  B. for  C. at  D. in 3. —Where is your brother? —He ________ to the library. He will come back soon. A. has gone  B. has been  C. went  D. goes 4. I have ________ visited the Great Wall. I want to go there one day. A. ever  B. yet  C. already  D. never 5. The information is ________ the top of the page. A. in  B. on  C. at  D. with 6. —Have you finished your homework ________? —No, not ________. A. already, already B. yet, yet C. yet, already D. already, yet 7. The Great Wall is known ________ a symbol of China. A. for  B. with  C. to  D. as 8. I spent two hours ________ the information online. A. search  B. to search  C. searching  D. searched 9. It ________ me two hours to find the information. A. took  B. spent  C. cost  D. paid 10. ________ millions of people visit the city every year. A. With  B. On  C. At  D. In B层：能力提升 三、句型转换 1. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句） → I ________ finished my homework ________. 2. He has never been to Shanghai.（改为一般疑问句） → ________ he ________ been to Shanghai? 3. It took me an hour to finish the work.（改为同义句） → I ________ an hour ________ the work. 4. I spent two hours searching for information online.（改为同义句） → It ________ me two hours ________ ________ for information online. 5. The Opera House is a symbol of Sydney.（对划线部分提问） → ________ is a symbol of Sydney? 6. You can find the information on the website.（对划线部分提问） → ________ can you find the information? 7. She has lived here since 2015.（对划线部分提问） → ________ ________ has she lived here? 8. I don't know where I can find the book.（改为简单句） → I don't know ________ ________ find the book. 四、完成句子 1. 请点击图片打开页面。 Please ________ ________ the picture ________ open the page. 2. 你可以在网站上找到这些信息。 You can find the information ________ the ________. 3. 找到这些信息只需要几分钟。 It ________ only a few minutes ________ find the information. 4. 我花了两小时搜索信息。 I ________ two hours ________ for information. 5. 悉尼歌剧院是澳大利亚的象征之一。 The Sydney Opera House is ________ ________ ________ Australia. 6. 我已经完成了作业。 I have ________ ________ my homework. 7. 你曾经去过北京吗？ Have you ________ ________ to Beijing? 8. 我刚刚收到了他的来信。 I have ________ ________ him. C层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 Taking an online tour is a great way to explore a city without leaving your home. You can search for information about the city's history, culture, and famous places. Here's how to take an online tour of New York City. First, go to a search engine and type “online tour of New York City”. Click on the first link that appears. You will see a page with different options. Click on the “Start” button to begin the tour. You can choose the places you want to visit, such as the Statue of Liberty, Central Park, or Times Square. You can also read interesting facts about each place. Some websites even provide 360-degree views of the places. If you want to learn more, you can click on the “More information” link. It takes only about 30 minutes to finish the tour. Taking an online tour saves time and money. You don't need to book a flight or a hotel. It is also a good way to plan a real trip. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案： 1. What is the first step to take an online tour of New York City? A. Book a flight.  B. Go to a search engine and type the keywords. C. Visit the city directly.  D. Click on the “More information” link. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a place to visit in New York City? A. The Statue of Liberty.  B. Central Park.  C. Times Square.  D. The White House. 3. How long does it take to finish the online tour? A. About 30 minutes.  B. About 15 minutes. C. About one hour.  D. About two hours. 根据短文内容，回答问题： 4. What can you do during an online tour? → You can read interesting ________ about each place. 5. What are the advantages of taking an online tour? → It saves ________ and ________ and helps plan a real trip. 六、书面表达 以“The world at one click”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文。 参考答案 1、 1. online 2. click 3. search 4. top 5. information 6. symbol 7. Millions 8. already 9. just 10. ever 2、 1–5 CBADC 6–10 BDCAD 3、 1. haven't, yet 2. Has, ever 3. spent, finishing 4. took, to search 5. What 6. Where 7. How long 8. where to 4、 1. click on, to 2. on, website 3. takes, to 4. spent, searching 5. a symbol of 6. already finished 7. ever been 8. just heard from 5、 1–3 BDA 4. facts 5. time, money 6、 The world at one click Now we can travel the world at one click. Online tours are popular and convenient. We can visit famous places, learn about different cultures and enjoy beautiful views on the Internet. We don’t need to buy tickets or book hotels. It saves time and money. Online tours help us know the world better. I enjoy taking online tours in my free time. Unit 4 A good read 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 read n. /riːd/ 读物 novel n. /ˈnɒvl/ 小说 fiction n. /ˈfɪkʃn/ 小说；虚构的事 non-fiction n. /ˌnɒn ˈfɪkʃn/ 非虚构作品 writer n. /ˈraɪtə(r)/ 作家 character n. /ˈkærəktə(r)/ 人物；角色 plot n. /plɒt/ 情节 review n./v. /rɪˈvjuː/ 评论；回顾 recommend v. /ˌrekəˈmend/ 推荐 borrow v. /ˈbɒrəʊ/ 借入 lend v. /lend/ 借出 habit n. /ˈhæbɪt/ 习惯 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）fiction vs. non-fiction 词 含义 例句 fiction 虚构类文学，不可数名词，泛指小说、科幻编造故事 I like reading science fiction. non-fiction 非虚构作品，不可数名词；纪实、传记、真实读物 This non-fiction book is about a real hero. 拓展辨析：fiction（不可数，泛指虚构文学）；novel（可数，特指长篇小说）。 （二）borrow / lend / keep 用法 示例 注意事项 borrow sth from sb I borrowed a book from the library. 借入，短暂性动词，一瞬间动作 lend sth to sb He lent his pen to me. 借出，不规则变形：lend—lent—lent keep sth for+时间段 I have kept the book for three days. 保留、保管；延续性动词，用于for/since 口诀：borrow往里借，lend往外借；borrow、lend一瞬间，for/since要用keep变。 （三）recommend / suggest / advise 用法 示例 注意事项 recommend sb to do sth I recommend you to read this book. 推荐，可接 sb. to do suggest doing sth He suggests reading more books. 无suggest sb to do，后接动名词 advise sb to do sth The teacher advises me to read more. 劝告、建议，接 sb. to do 易错警示： suggest sb. to do sth.（错误）； suggest doing sth.（正确） 二、重点短语归纳 序号 短语 释义 例句 1 a good read 一本好书 This book is a really good read. 2 borrow...from 从……借入 I borrowed a book from the library. 3 lend...to 把……借给 I lent my book to my classmate. 4 be interested in 对……感兴趣 I am interested in reading science fiction. 5 get into the habit of 养成……的习惯 Get into the habit of reading every day. 6 in the end 最后，终于 In the end, we found the book. 7 at the end of 在……结尾 at the end of the story 8 so far 到目前为止 So far, I have read ten books. 9 be worth reading 值得一读 This book is well worth reading. 10 lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于 I lost myself in the story. 三、经典句型突破 句型一：表达“借书” 掌握 borrow / lend / keep 转换，区分短暂性动词与延续性动词。 基础句型 borrow sth from sb 从某人处借入某物 I borrow a storybook from the library. lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 Could you lend your dictionary to me? 时态转换句型 I borrowed the book three days ago. → I have kept the book for three days. 核心点拨：borrow、lend 为短暂动词，不能和 for/since 连用；表持续保管必须换为 keep。 句型二：表达“养成习惯” 固定结构 form a habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯 I have formed a habit of reading before sleeping. get into the habit of doing sth 养成……习惯 He got into the habit of taking notes while reading. 拓展反义：break the habit of doing sth 改掉……习惯 句型三：表达“到目前为止” 固定结构 so far 到目前为止（放句首/句末） So far, I have read five books. up to now 直到现在 Up to now, he has never missed a reading class. 核心点拨：so far 属于模糊时间状语，强调动作截止到现在，绝对不能用于一般过去时。 句型四：表达“值得一读” 固定结构 be worth doing sth 值得做某事（主动表被动） The book is worth reading. be well worth doing sth 很值得做某事 This novel is well worth reading. 易错警示：❌ be worth to read；✅ be worth doing，后面永远接动名词。 四、语法深度解析 4.1 疑问词 + 动词不定式 用法 示例 注意事项 疑问词+to do 作宾语 I don't know which book to choose. 常用动词：know/decide/learn/ask what to do She doesn't know what to do next. what自带宾语，后面不加it how to do it Can you tell me how to read faster? how是副词，必须补充宾语 同义转换：I don't know which book I should choose. = I don't know which book to choose. 4.2 must 与 have to 的区别 单词 含义 侧重点 否定形式 must 必须 主观意愿，说话人自己认为必须做 mustn't 禁止，绝不允许 have to 不得不 客观规定，外界压力被迫去做 don't have to 不必 例句对比 1. I must finish the book.（我自己一定要读完） 2. Ihave to return the book on time.（图书馆规定，不得不还） 核心易错点：mustn't 不是“不必”，是禁止；不必 = don't have to。 4.3 现在完成时的持续用法 用于描述动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，必须使用延续性动词。 一、基本结构 主语+have/has+延续性动词过去分词+for/since 二、短暂动词变延续动词（必背表格） 短暂动词（不可连用for/since） 延续性动词（可连用时间段） borrow 借入 keep 保存 buy 购买 have 拥有 die 死亡 be dead 去世 leave 离开 be away 离开 join 加入 be in 加入 三、经典例句转换 ❌ He has borrowed the book for two days.（错误，短暂动词） ✅ He has kept the book for two days.（正确，延续动词） 四、用法总结 看到 for+时间段 / since+时间点，第一时间检查动词是否为延续性动词，短暂动词必须转换。 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ 借入/借出 borrow the book to me lend the book to me 借多长时间 borrow for two weeks keep for two weeks 六、分层精准训练 A层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. I ________ (借入) a book from the library yesterday. 2. Can you ________ (借出) me your dictionary? 3. You can ________ (保留) the book for two weeks. 4. I am ________ (对……感兴趣) reading science fiction. 5. She ________ (推荐) this book to me last week. 6. So far, I have read three ________ (小说). 7. The ________ (情节) of the story is very exciting. 8. He is the main ________ (人物) in the novel. 9. You should form a good ________ (习惯) of reading. 10. This book is well ________ (值得) reading. 二、单项选择 1. I ________ a book from the library last week. A. bought  B. lent  C. kept  D. borrowed 2. Can you ________ your dictionary to me? A. borrow  B. lend  C. keep  D. buy 3. You can ________ the book for three weeks. A. borrow  B. lend  C. keep  D. return 4. So far, I ________ five books this month. A. read  B. have read  C. am reading  D. will read 5. I don't know ________ to read next. A. what  B. where  C. how  D. when 6. Please show me ________ to find the book. A. what  B. where  C. how  D. when 7. He ________ return the book tomorrow because it's due. A. must  B. may  C. has to  D. can 8. I ________ finish reading this book today. It's my own plan. A. must  B. have to  C. need  D. may 9. She is interested ________ reading detective stories. A. in  B. on  C. at  D. for 10. You should get into the habit ________ reading every day. A. in  B. on  C. at  D. of B层：能力提升 三、句型转换 1. I borrowed a book from the library.（改为同义句） → The library ________ a book ________ me. 2. I have never read such an interesting book.（改为同义句） → This is the most interesting book I ________ ________ read. 3. She doesn't know what she should read next.（改为简单句） → She doesn't know what ________ ________ next. 4. He has to return the book tomorrow.（改为否定句） → He ________ ________ to return the book tomorrow. 5. So far, I have read ten books.（对划线部分提问） → ________ ________ have you read so far? 6. This book is very interesting. Everyone likes it.（合并为一句） → This book is ________ interesting ________ everyone likes it. 7. You should get into the habit of reading every day.（改为同义句） → You should ________ a habit of reading every day. 8. I don't know where I can find the book.（改为简单句） → I don't know ________ ________ find the book. 四、完成句子 1. 我从图书馆借了一本书。 I ________ a book ________ the library. 2. 你可以把这本书借给我吗？ Can you ________ this book ________ me? 3. 这本书你可以借两周。 You can ________ the book for two ________. 4. 到目前为止，我已经读了十本书了。 ________ ________, I have read ten books. 5. 我不知道接下来该读什么。 I don't know ________ ________ ________ next. 6. 请告诉我哪里有这本书。 Please tell me ________ the book is. 7. 你应该养成每天阅读的习惯。 You should ________ the ________ of reading every day. 8. 这个故事的情节非常激动人心。 The ________ of the story is very ________. C层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 Reading is an important skill. It can open up a new world to you. Here are some tips to become a good reader. First, get into the habit of reading every day. You don't have to read for hours. Just 15 to 30 minutes a day can make a difference. Second, choose the right books. Find books that interest you. If you like detective stories, look for books by writers like Agatha Christie. If you like science fiction, try books by Isaac Asimov. Third, ask for recommendations. You can ask your friends, teachers, or librarians for book suggestions. They may know good books that you have never heard of. Fourth, use the library. Libraries have thousands of books for free. You can borrow books and keep them for a few weeks. Finally, share your ideas. Talk about what you read with your friends. You can also write book reviews online. This will help you understand the books better. 根据短文内容，完成下表： Tips to become a good reader Details 1. ________ Read 15-30 minutes every day. Choose the right books Find books that 2. ________ you. 3. ________ Ask friends, teachers, or librarians. Use the library Borrow books for 4. ________. 5. ________ Talk about books or write reviews online. 根据短文内容，回答问题： 6. How long do you need to read each day to make a difference? → Just ________ to ________ minutes a day. 7. Who can you ask for book recommendations? → You can ask ________, ________, or ________. 8. Why is it good to write book reviews? → It helps you ________ the books better. 六、书面表达 以“A good read”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文。 参考答案 1、 1. borrowed 2. lend 3. keep 4. interested in 5. recommended 6. novels 7. plot 8. character 9. habit 10. worth 2、 1–5 DBCBA 6–10 BCAAD 3、 1. lent, to 2. have ever 3. to read 4. doesn't have 5. How many 6. so, that 7. form 8. where to 4、 1. borrowed, from 2. lend, to 3. keep, weeks 4. So far 5. what to read 6. where 7. form, habit 8. plot, exciting 5、 1. Read every day 2. interest 3. Ask for recommendations 4. a few weeks 5. Share your ideas 6. 15, 30 7. friends, teachers, librarians 8. understand 6、 A good read Reading is a good hobby. I like reading novels and history books. They open up a new world for me. I usually borrow books from the library and keep them for two weeks. I have formed a good habit of reading every day. Books help me improve my writing and learn more. I think reading is fun and useful. Everyone should have a good read. Unit 5 Good manners 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 manners n. /ˈmænəz/ 礼貌，礼仪 polite adj. /pəˈlaɪt/ 有礼貌的 impolite adj. /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ 不礼貌的 rude adj. /ruːd/ 粗鲁的 respect v./n. /rɪˈspekt/ 尊重 behave v. /bɪˈheɪv/ 表现 behaviour n. /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ 行为 queue n./v. /kjuː/ 队；排队 interrupt v. /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ 打断 avoid v. /əˈvɔɪd/ 避免 public adj. /ˈpʌblɪk/ 公共的 rule n. /ruːl/ 规则 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）polite / impolite / rude 单词 含义&用法 例句 polite adj. 有礼貌的；文雅的；反义词：impolite 固定搭配：be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌 We should be polite to others. impolite adj. 不礼貌的；粗鲁的（polite的否定前缀） 前缀 im- 表否定 It is impolite to cut in line. rude adj. 粗鲁的、无礼的（语气比impolite更强） 固定搭配：be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁 Don’t be rude to the old people. 核心点拨：impolite 侧重举止欠礼貌；rude 侧重言行蛮横、冒犯他人，语气更重。 （二）queue / wait in line / line up 单词/短语 含义&用法 例句 queue v. 排队；n. 队列（英式常用） queue up 排队等候 Please queue up at the door. wait in line 动词短语，排队等候（美式常用） 侧重“在队伍里等待” We must wait in line in public. line up 动词短语，使排成行、列队；强调动作过程 The students line up for morning exercise. （三）avoid / prevent / stop 单词 含义&必考搭配 例句 avoid v. 避免、避开；只能接doing avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 You should avoid making mistakes. prevent v. 预防、阻止；prevent sb. from doing Rain prevents us from going out. stop v. 阻止；stop sb. from doing sth. 含义：阻止某人做某事（口语通用） Nothing can stop him from learning. 易错口诀：avoid后面加doing；prevent、stop要加from；三者都表阻止意，用法区别要分清。 二、重点短语归纳 序号 短语 释义 例句 1 good manners 有礼貌 He has good manners. 2 bad manners 不礼貌 It's bad manners to talk loudly. 3 in public 公开地 Don't spit in public. 4 queue up 排队 Please queue up for your turn. 5 push in 插队 It's rude to push in. 6 cut in line 插队 Don't cut in line. 7 make a noise 制造噪音 Don't make a noise in the library. 8 leave the tap running 让水龙头开着 Turn off the tap. Don't leave it running. 9 obey the rules 遵守规则 We should obey the traffic rules. 10 behave well 表现好 Children should behave well at school. 三、经典句型突破 句型一：It is + polite/impolite/rude + to do sth. 固定句型：It is + 形容词 + to do sth，it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面动词不定式。多用于评价行为是否礼貌。 It ispolite to queue for your turn. 排队等候是有礼貌的。 It is impolite to shout in public. 在公共场合大喊是不礼貌的。 It is rude to cut in line. 插队是粗鲁的。 句型二：avoid doing sth. avoid 后面只能接动名词，不可接不定式，意为“避免做某事”。 We should avoid talking loudly in the library. 我们应该避免在图书馆大声说话。 You must avoid making the same mistake. 你必须避免犯同样的错误。 句型三：had better (not) do sth. 表强烈建议，意为“最好（不）做某事”，后面必须加动词原形，无人称和时态变化。 You had better keep quiet in the meeting. 你最好在会议中保持安静。 You had better not eat in class. 你最好不要在课堂上吃东西。 四、语法深度解析 4.1 情态动词 should / shouldn't 单词 含义 用法说明 例句 should 应该 表建议、责任、义务，语气温和，用于给别人提出礼貌建议 You should respect old people. shouldn't 不应该 表劝告不要做某事，否定形式，后接动词原形 You shouldn't talk loudly in public. 4.2 had better 的用法 结构 含义 注意事项 例句 had better do 最好做某事 语气强于should，暗含警告 You had better go home now. had better not do 最好不要做 not放在do前面，不可加to You had better not smoke here. 易错提醒：❌ had better to do；✅ had better do（永远不加to） 4.3 动名词作宾语 部分动词后面只能接动名词（doing）作宾语。 常用动词 固定搭配 例句 avoid avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 He avoids meeting strangers. enjoy enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 I enjoy reading in my free time. practise practise doing sth. 练习做某事 She practises speaking English every day. 核心口诀：避免(avoid)享受(enjoy)练习(practise)，后面全部加doing。 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ 插队 push the line push in / cut in line 避免做某事 avoid to do avoid doing 六、分层精准训练 A层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. It's ________ (有礼貌的) to say “Thank you”. 2. It's ________ (不礼貌的) to talk with your mouth full. 3. Don't ________ (插队) before others. 4. Please ________ (排队) up for your turn. 5. You should ________ (避免) making noise in the library. 6. Don't ________ (打断) others when they are talking. 7. We should ________ (遵守) the school rules. 8. He has good ________ (礼貌). 9. You had better not be late for ________ (学校). 10. Children should ________ (表现) well at home. 二、单项选择 1. It's polite ________ “Thank you” when someone helps you. A. say  B. said  C. saying  D. to say 2. It's impolite ________ with your mouth full. A. talk  B. to talk  C. talking  D. talked 3. You should avoid ________ noise in the library. A. make  B. to make  C. making  D. made 4. You had better ________ late for school. A. not be  B. not to be  C. be not  D. to not be 5. Don't ________ in line. Wait for your turn. A. push  B. push to  C. push in  D. push on 6. We should ________ the school rules. A. obey  B. break  C. make  D. change 7. It's bad manners ________ loudly in public. A. talk  B. to talk  C. talking  D. talked 8. —I'm going to be late again. —You ________ get up earlier. A. would  B. may  C. could  D. had better 9. Please ________ the tap after washing your hands. A. turn on  B. turn up  C. turn off  D. turn down 10. He never ________ answering my questions. A. avoid  B. avoids  C. to avoid  D. avoiding B层：能力提升 三、句型转换 1. You should say “Sorry” when you hurt someone.（改为同义句） → It's ________ to say “Sorry” when you hurt someone. 2. You shouldn't talk loudly in public.（改为祈使句） → ________ ________ loudly in public. 3. You had better not be late for school.（改为同义句） → ________ better ________ be late for school. 4. We should avoid making noise in the library.（改为同义句） → We should ________ ________ making noise in the library. 5. It's impolite to push in before others.（改为同义句） → ________ is impolite. 6. Please don't leave the tap running.（改为同义句） → Please ________ ________ the tap. 7. You should obey the school rules.（改为否定句） → You ________ obey the school rules. 8. It's polite to say “Thank you” (对划线部分提问) → ________ is polite? 四、完成句子 1. 当别人帮助你时说“谢谢”是有礼貌的。 It's ________ ________ say “Thank you” when someone helps you. 2. 嘴里含着食物说话是不礼貌的。 It's ________ ________ talk with your mouth full. 3. 在别人前面插队是粗鲁的。 It's ________ ________ push in before others. 4. 你应该避免在图书馆制造噪音。 You should ________ ________ noise in the library. 5. 你最好不要上学迟到。 You ________ ________ not be late for school. 6. 在公共场合不要大声说话。 ________ ________ loudly in ________. 7. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 We must ________ the ________ rules. 8. 洗完手后请关掉水龙头。 Please ________ ________ the tap after washing your hands. C层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 Good manners are important in our daily life. They show respect for others and make communication easier. Here are some rules of good manners in different countries. In China, it's polite to use both hands when giving something to an older person. You should not point at others with your chopsticks at the dinner table. It's also impolite to leave the tap running when you are not using it. In the UK, people often say “Sorry” even for small things. They queue up for everything. It's considered rude to push in before others. In Japan, people bow to show respect. It's polite to remove your shoes when entering someone's home. In the USA, people often say “Please” and “Thank you”. It's polite to hold the door open for the person behind you. Different countries have different rules of good manners, but the most important thing is to respect others. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案： 1. In China, it's polite to ________ when giving something to an older person. A. say “Sorry”  B. bow  C. use both hands D. remove your shoes 2. In the UK, it's considered rude to ________. A. say “Sorry”  B. queue up  C. push in  D. hold the door 3. In Japan, people ________ to show respect. A. bow  B. say “Please”  C. hold the door  D. use both hands 根据短文内容，回答问题： 4. What should you do when you enter someone's home in Japan? → You should ________ your ________. 5. What is the most important thing about good manners? → The most important thing is to ________ others. 六、书面表达 以“Good manners in public places”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文。 参考答案 1、 1. polite 2. impolite 3. push in 4. queue 5. avoid 6. interrupt 7. obey 8. manners 9. school 10. behave 2、 1–5 DBCAC 6–10 ABDCB 3、 1. polite 2. Don't talk 3. You'd, not to 4. keep from 5. Pushing in before others 6. turn off 7. shouldn't 8. What 4、 1. polite to 2. impolite to 3. rude to 4. avoid making 5. had better 6. Don't talk, public 7. obey, traffic 8. turn off 5、 1–3 CCA 4. remove, shoes 5. respect 6、 Good manners in public places Good manners are very important in public. We should queue up and not push in. We should keep quiet and avoid making noise. It’s rude to talk loudly or litter everywhere. We should be polite to others. Good manners make our life better. Everyone should behave well in public places. Unit 6 Sunshine for all 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 support v./n. /səˈpɔːt/ 支持 volunteer n./v. /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ 志愿者；自愿做 donate v. /dəʊˈneɪt/ 捐赠 charity n. /ˈtʃærəti/ 慈善 disabled adj. /dɪsˈeɪbld/ 残疾的 blind adj. /blaɪnd/ 盲的 deaf adj. /def/ 聋的 homeless adj. /ˈhəʊmləs/ 无家可归的 disease n. /dɪˈziːz/ 疾病 raise v. /reɪz/ 募集；提高 provide v. /prəˈvaɪd/ 提供 suffer v. /ˈsʌfə(r)/ 遭受，忍受 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）support / help / aid 词 含义 用法 support 支持（精神/资金/行动） support sb / a cause help 帮助（一般用语） help sb (to) do sth aid 援助（较正式） aid sb in doing sth （二）provide / offer 词 用法 provide provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth offer offer to do / offer sb sth （三）raise / rise 词 含义 用法 raise 提高；募集（及物动词） raise money / raise your hand rise 上升（不及物动词） The sun rises in the east. 二、重点短语归纳 序号 短语 释义 例句 1 support sb 支持某人 We should support each other. 2 donate to 捐给 He donated money to the poor. 3 raise money 集资 They raised money for charity. 4 provide for 提供 The organization provides food for the homeless. 5 volunteer to do 自愿做 Many students volunteered to help. 6 take part in 参加 I took part in a charity walk. 7 suffer from 患有……（病） He suffers from a serious disease. 8 give sb a hand 帮助某人 Could you give me a hand? 9 make a difference 有影响，起作用 Your help can make a difference. 10 feel sorry for 为……感到难过 I feel sorry for the homeless people. 三、经典句型突破 句型一：表达“做某事是有意义的” It is + meaningful / important + to do sth It is meaningful to help people in need. It is important to support the disabled. 句型二：表达“需要做某事” need to do sth We need to take action to help them. People in need need our help. 句型三：是某人做某事的时候了 It is time for sb to do sth It is time for us to take action. It is time for everyone to care about the disabled. 四、语法深度解析 4.1 动词不定式作目的状语 To raise money for charity, we organized a book sale. We organized a book sale to raise money for charity. 4.2 It is + adj. + to do sth 句型 It is meaningful to help the homeless. It is difficult for them to find jobs. It is important for us to protect the environment. 4.3 情态动词（复习）：should / could / might 情态动词 用法 should 应该（建议、义务） could 能够；可以（请求） might 可能（推测） We should help people in need. The charity event could be a great success. 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ 解析 提供某物给某人 provide sb sth provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth 固定搭配 raise / rise The price was raised. The price rose. rise 不及物 自愿做某事 volunteer to doing volunteer to do 不定式 参加活动 join the activity take part in the activity join 接组织 有影响 make a different make a difference 固定搭配 六、分层精准训练 A层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. We should ________ (支持) people with disabilities. 2. Many people ________ (捐赠) money to the poor. 3. They organized a charity event to ________ (募集) money. 4. The organization ________ (提供) food for the homeless. 5. Many students ________ (自愿) to help. 6. He ________ (患有) from a serious disease. 7. Could you give me a ________ (帮助)? 8. Your help can make a ________ (影响). 9. We need to ________ (采取) action to help them. 10. It is ________ (有意义的) to help people in need. 2、 单项选择 1. The disabled children ______ lots of help from kind people every year. A. give B. are given C. gave D. were given 2. It is meaningful ______ us to take part in charity activities. A. for B. of C. to D. with 3. A big charity show ______ in our school hall next Sunday. A. holds B. will be held C. held D. was held 4. People with intellectual disabilities have difficulty ______ simple life skills. A. learn B. learned C. to learn D. learning 5. —Should I finish the work at once? —Yes. It ______ within two hours. A. must finish B. must be finished C. can finish D. finishes 6. Many books and clothes ______ to the poor villages last winter. A. are sent B. were sent C. will send D. sent 7. Volunteers provide poor kids ______ free books and stationery. A. for B. to C. on D. with 8. The girl is brave enough ______ difficulties in her life. A. face B. facing C. to face D. faced 9. Special Olympics World Games ______ once every four years. A. are held B. held C. holds D. was held 10. —How kind the volunteers are! —Yes. They always try their best ______ people in need. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped B层：能力提升 三、句型转换 1. We should help people in need.（改为同义句） → It is ________ ________ help people in need. 2. We organized a book sale. We wanted to raise money for charity.（合并为一句） → We organized a book sale ________ ________ raise money for charity. 3. It's time for us to take action.（改为同义句） → It's time ________ we ________ action. 4. The organization provides food for the homeless.（改为同义句） → The organization provides the homeless ________ food. 5. Many students volunteered to help.（对划线部分提问） → ________ ________ many students volunteer to do? 6. He suffers from a serious disease.（改为一般疑问句） → ________ he ________ from a serious disease? 7. We should give the disabled a hand.（改为同义句） → We should ________ the disabled. 8. Your help can make a difference.（改为同义句） → Your help can ________ things. 四、完成句子 1. 帮助需要帮助的人是有意义的。 It is ________ ________ help people in need. 2. 我们需要采取行动帮助他们。 We need ________ ________ action to help them. 3. 这个组织为无家可归者提供食物。 The organization ________ ________ for the homeless. 4. 他们组织了一场慈善活动来集资。 They organized a charity event ________ ________ money. 5. 是我们采取行动的时候了。 It is ________ ________ us to take action. 6. 你的帮助可以起到作用。 Your help can ________ a ________. 7. 他为那些残疾人感到难过。 He ________ ________ for the disabled. 8. 许多学生自愿提供帮助。 Many students ________ ________ help. C层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 Every year, many people suffer from natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and typhoons. They lose their homes and become homeless. They need food, water, medicine, and shelter. We can do something to help them. Here are some ways we can help. First, we can donate money to charities. Charities like the Red Cross use the money to buy food, water, and medicine for people in need. Second, we can donate clothes, blankets, and other daily necessities. Third, we can volunteer our time. We can help pack relief supplies or go to the disaster area to help. Fourth, we can raise awareness. Even small actions can make a big difference. Ways to help disaster victims Details 1. ________ Donate to charities like the Red Cross. 2. ________ Donate clothes, blankets, etc. Volunteer our time 3. ________ relief supplies or go to the disaster area. 4. ________ Tell others about the situation and encourage them to help. 5. Why do people become homeless after natural disasters? → They ________ their ________. 6. What does the Red Cross do with the donated money? → They use it to buy ________, ________, and ________. 7. What does the writer say about small actions? → They can make a big ________. 六、书面表达 以“Sunshine for all”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文。 参考答案 1、 1. support 2. donate 3. raise 4. provides 5. volunteered 6. suffers 7. hand 8. difference 9. take 10. meaningful 2、 1-5 BACDB 6-10 BDCDA 3、 1. meaningful to 2. in order to 3. that, took 4. with 5. What did 6. Does, suffer 7. help 8. change 4、 1. meaningful to 2. to take 3. provides food 4. to raise 5. time for 6. make, difference 7. feels sorry 8. volunteered to 5、 1. Donate money 2. Donate things 3. pack 4. Raise awareness 5. lose, homes 6. food, water, medicine 7. difference 6、 范文：Sunshine for all Everyone needs sunshine and warmth in life. Some people are poor or disabled, and they need our help. As students, we can do something meaningful for them. We can work as volunteers to help people in need. We can give away books and clothes to the poor. It is also meaningful for us to help the disabled with simple tasks. Small actions can bring great warmth to others. Let’s care about everyone around us. Love is sunshine for all. Unit 7 Charities 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 charity n. /ˈtʃærəti/ 慈善机构 operate v. /ˈɒpəreɪt/ 动手术；操作 cure v. /kjʊə(r)/ 治愈 disease n. /dɪˈziːz/ 疾病 patient n. /ˈpeɪʃnt/ 病人 prevent v. /prɪˈvent/ 预防 treat v. /triːt/ 治疗；对待 medical adj. /ˈmedɪkl/ 医学的；医疗的 including prep. /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ 包括 afford v. /əˈfɔːd/ 负担得起 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）operate on vs. operate 词 含义 例句 operate 操作；运作 He knows how to operate the machine. operate on 给……做手术 The doctor operated on the patient. （二）cure vs. treat 词 含义 例句 cure 治愈（强调结果） The medicine cured his illness. treat 治疗（强调过程） The doctor treated him for his illness. （三）afford 的用法 用法 例句 afford to do sth They can't afford to buy a house. 常与 can/could/be able to 连用 We can afford the trip. （四）同义近义词专项辨析 近义词组 辨析区别 例句 sick / ill sick 可作定语、表语；ill 只作表语 a sick boy / He is ill. illness / disease illness 指生病状态；disease 指具体疾病 He is away because of illness. donate / give away donate 正式捐赠；give away 普通赠送 He donated money to the charity. pride / proud pride 名词；proud 形容词 take pride in = be proud of 二、重点短语归纳 短语 释义 例句 operate on 给……做手术 The doctor will operate on him tomorrow. prevent disease 预防疾病 Washing hands helps prevent disease. medical treatment 医疗治疗 They received free medical treatment. can't afford to 负担不起…… Many poor people can't afford to see a doctor. raise money for 为……筹集资金 They raised money for the poor. set up 建立；设立 They set up a charity to help children. donate sth to sb 向某人捐赠某物 He donated money to the hospital. be proud of 为……感到骄傲 I am proud of being a volunteer. carry on with 继续 We must carry on with our work. instead of 代替；而不是 We should walk instead of driving. 三、经典句型突破 句型一：It is + adj. + that + 从句 结构 例句 It is + 形容词 + that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形 It is important that we help others. 句型易错提醒 1. 从句动词用原形，should 可省略。 2. 只用于 important/necessary 等描述必要性的形容词。 句型二：be used to do sth 结构 例句 主语 + be used to do sth（被用来做某事） Money is used to buy things. 句型易错提醒 3. be used to do 被用来；used to do 过去常常；be used to doing 习惯于，三者不可混淆。 四、语法深度解析 语法专题：被动语态（一般现在时 & 一般过去时） 4.1被动语态的结构 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 Many trees are planted every year. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 A new hospital was built last year. 4.2被动语态的用法 用法 例句 不知道动作的执行者 My bike was stolen yesterday. 不必指出动作的执行者 English is spoken all over the world. 强调动作的承受者 The patient was saved by the doctor. 4.3主动变被动的步骤 步骤 示例 宾语变为主语 He wrote a letter. → A letter 谓语改为 be + 过去分词 → was written 原主语变为 by 短语（可省略） → (by him). 4.4被动语态的注意事项 情况 例句 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The work must be finished today. 双宾语被动：可保留一个宾语 He gave me a book. → I was given a book. 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ 解析 operate 的介词 operate the patient operate on the patient 做手术必须加 on cure/treat 混淆 The doctor treated his illness. The doctor cured his illness. cure 强调治愈 afford 的用法 afford buying afford to do afford 后接 to do 被动语态缺 be The book written The book was written 被动必须有 be instead of 用法 instead to go instead of going 后接 doing 六、分层精准训练 A 层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. The doctor will ______ (动手术) on the patient tomorrow. 2. The medicine ______ (治愈) her illness at last. 3. They ______ (筹集) money for poor children every year. 4. Many people can't ______ (负担得起) to go to hospital. 5. A new charity ______ (建立) in our town last year. 6. He often ______ (捐赠) books to the village school. 7. These ______ (病人) are getting better now. 8. We should do something to ______ (预防) this kind of disease. 9. I am ______ (骄傲的) to be a volunteer. 10. ORBIS is a famous international ______ (慈善机构). 二、单项选择 1. The doctor will ______ on the poor boy tomorrow. A. operate B. working C. operated D. be operated 2. Many people can't afford ______ to school. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 3. English ______ all over the world. A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken 4. The charity ______ 10 years ago. A. set up B. is set up C. was set up D. sets up 5. We should prevent people ______ down trees. A. cut B. to cut C. from cutting D. cutting 6. This money ______ to help homeless people. A. use B. uses C. is used D. used 7. It is important ______ we should help others. A. that B. what C. which D. how 8. He walked ______ riding a bike to save energy. A. instead B. instead of C. but D. and 9. The doctor ______ the patient carefully and saved him. A. cure B. cured C. treat D. treated 10. We are proud ______ our country. A. of B. for C. in D. on B 层：能力提升 三、动词适当形式填空 1. Lots of volunteers ______ (send) to poor areas every year. 2. The doctor ______ (operate) on an old man at the moment. 3. We should prevent them from ______ (catch) the disease. 4. The little girl ______ (cure) of her eye illness last week. 5. Money ______ (raise) to help homeless people every month. 6. These workers receive special ______ (medicine) training. 7. He ______ (donate) books to the school when he was young. 8. We are proud of ______ (be) volunteers. 四、句型转换 1. People plant many trees every spring.（改为被动语态） → Many trees ______ ______ every spring. 2. They built a new hospital last year.（改为被动语态） → A new hospital ______ ______ last year. 3. We can finish the work before dinner.（改为被动语态） → The work ______ ______ ______ finished before dinner. 4. It is meaningful that we help others.（改为简单句） → It is meaningful ______ ______ ______ help others. 5. He didn't go out. He stayed at home.（合并句子） → He stayed at home ______ ______ going out. C 层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 ORBIS is an international charity that helps people with eye problems. Millions of blind patients live in poor areas. They are too poor to afford any medical treatment. ORBIS sends skilled volunteer doctors around the world. They perform free operations on patients. It also provides medical training for local medical workers so that they can carry on with their work. Thanks to ORBIS, thousands of patients have been cured so far. Information about ORBIS Details Kind of organization An international 1 . Who it helps People with 2 problems in poor areas. What volunteers do Perform 3 operations for patients. Additional help Offer medical 4 for local workers. Achievement Thousands of patients have been 5 . 六、书面表达 以 “ORBIS — A famous charity” 为题，写一篇 80 词左右短文。 参考答案 一、1. operate 2. cured 3. raise 4. afford 5. was set up 6. donates 7. patients 8. prevent 9. proud 10. charity 二、1-5 ABCCC 6-10 CABDA 三、1. are sent 2. is operating 3. catching 4. was cured 5. is raised 6. medical 7. donated 8. being 四、1. are planted 2. was built 3. can be 4. for us to 5. instead of 五、1. charity 2. eye 3. free 4. training 5. cured 六、范文 ORBIS is a famous international charity. It works for blind people around the world. Many poor patients cannot afford medical treatment, so ORBIS sends volunteer doctors to help them. The doctors perform free operations on patients. They also provide medical training for local doctors. I think ORBIS is very meaningful. I am proud of such a great charity. I hope more people can help people in need. Unit 8 A green world 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 重点单词 单词 词性 音标 释义 pollute v. /pəˈluːt/ 污染 recycle v. /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ 回收利用 separate v. /ˈsepəreɪt/ 分开，分离 waste n./v. /weɪst/ 浪费；废弃物 produce v. /prəˈdjuːs/ 产生；生产 harmful adj. /ˈhɑːmfl/ 有害的 depend v. /dɪˈpend/ 依靠，依赖 wisely adv. /ˈwaɪzli/ 明智地 resource n. /rɪˈsɔːs/ 资源 simple adj. /ˈsɪmpl/ 简单的 1.2 词义深度辨析 （一）separate vs. divide 词 含义 例句 separate 把整体事物分类、归类，常配into Separate waste into different groups. divide 把一个完整整体切分成若干部分，常配into Divide the cake into four pieces. （二）waste 用法辨析 词性 用法 例句 动词 waste time/money (in) doing sth Don’t waste time playing games. 名词 household waste 生活垃圾 We should sort household waste. （三）harm 家族变形 单词 词性 固定搭配 harm v./n. do harm to 对……有害 harmful adj. be harmful to 对……有害 harmless adj. be harmless to 对……无害 （四）depend 短语辨析 短语 释义 例句 depend on 依靠；取决于 Our life depends on natural resources. depend on sb to do 依靠某人做某事 We depend on trees to clean the air. 二、重点短语归纳 短语 释义 例句 sort waste 垃圾分类 It’s necessary to sort waste every day. throw away 扔掉，丢弃 Don’t throw away reusable things. be harmful to 对……有害 Plastic bags are harmful to the earth. save energy 节约能源 We should save energy in daily life. make a difference to 对……产生影响 Small actions make a difference to the environment. in place 在正确位置 Put everything in place after use. depend on 依靠；取决于 The trip depends on the weather. less than 少于 We should take showers for less than ten minutes. as a result 结果 People pollute rivers carelessly; as a result, many fish lose their lives. protect...from... 保护……免受…… Trees protect soil from being washed away.（固定搭配：protect...from doing sth） 三、经典句型突破 句型一：It is + adj. + (for sb) + to do sth 结构 例句 做某事对某人来说是……的 It is important for us to protect the environment. 句型易错提醒 1. it 作形式主语，真正主语为后面动词不定式。 2. 形容词修饰事情用for；修饰人品用of。 句型二：make a difference (to sb/sth) 结构 例句 对……产生影响、起作用 Every small step makes a difference to our green world. 句型易错提醒 3. difference 为可数名词，必须加不定冠词a。 4. 介词固定搭配to，不可换成on/in。 四、语法深度解析 语法专题：一般将来时的被动语态 4.1被动语态时态归纳 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 Waste is sorted every day. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 Many trees were planted last year. 一般将来时 will/be going to + be + 过去分词 More laws will be made to protect nature. 4.2一般将来时被动语态句式变化 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+will be+过去分词 The river will be cleaned soon. 否定句 主语+will not be+过去分词 Waste won’t be thrown everywhere. 一般疑问句 Will+主语+be+过去分词？ Will more trees be planted? 4.3被动语态特殊注意点 1. 感官动词、使役动词主动省to，被动必须还原to（make/see/hear）。 2. 不及物动词无被动：happen/take place/belong to。 五、易错点辨析速查表 易错点 错误示例❌ 正确用法✅ 解析 将来被动漏be It will cleaned It will be cleaned will后必须加be difference 漏a make difference make a difference 固定搭配不可省略a harm介词误用 be harmful for be harmful to 固定搭配to waste用法错误 waste to do waste doing waste后接动名词 separate介词 separate into separate from 同类归类用into；两种不同物质剥离用from 六、分层精准训练 A 层：基础巩固 一、根据中文提示填空 1. Factories shouldn’t ______ (污染) rivers and lakes. 2. We should ______ (回收利用) paper and empty bottles. 3. It’s bad to ______ (浪费) food and water. 4. Smoking is ______ (有害的) to our health. 5. We must save natural ______ (资源). 6. Please ______ (分开) wet waste from dry waste. 7. Cars ______ (产生) a lot of dirty gas every day. 8. We should use money ______ (明智地). 9. Our life ______ (依靠) on sunlight and water. 10. This is a ______ (简单的) way to protect the earth. 二、单项选择 1. Rubbish ______ in public places every day. A. will throw B. was thrown C. threw D. is thrown 2. We should separate waste ______ different groups. A. into B. from C. with D. for 3. Plastic is harmful ______ the environment. A. for B. to C. in D. on 4. More green parks ______ in our city next year. A. build B. will build C. will be built D. are built 5. Small actions can make a ______ to the world. A. difference B. difficulty C. decision D. direction 6. Don’t waste time ______ computer games. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 7. Our trip depends ______ the weather condition. A. in B. on C. at D. of 8. It is necessary ______ us to save water. A. for B. of C. to D. with 9. The old clothes ______ away yesterday. A. are thrown B. will be thrown C. threw D. were thrown 10. We must do something ______ our earth clean. A. keep B. keeping C. to keep D. kept B 层：能力提升 三、动词适当形式填空 1. Lots of trees ______ (plant) every spring. 2. The dirty water ______ (pour) into the river by factories just now. 3. More new laws ______ (make) to protect wildlife soon. 4. We should prevent people from ______ (cut) down trees. 5. It’s ______ (harm) to eat too much junk food. 6. They decide ______ (recycle) reusable waste. 7. Natural resources ______ (use) wisely in our daily life. 8. Everyone should take action ______ (reduce) pollution. 四、句型转换 1. People will plant more trees this year.（改为被动语态） → More trees ______ ______ ______ this year. 2. We can keep the sea clean.（改为被动语态） → The sea ______ ______ ______ clean by us. 3. Walking to school is good for us.（同义句） → ______ ______ ______ for us ______ walk to school. 4. Waste water is harmful to fish.（同义句） → Waste water ______ ______ to fish. 5. If you try your best, you will make a difference.（合并简单句） → Try your best, ______ you will make a difference. C 层：综合运用 五、任务型阅读 Our earth is in great danger now. Many kinds of pollution are destroying our living environment. Air and water pollution are the most serious problems. Factories produce dirty gas and waste water every day. To protect our home, we need to take simple daily steps. First, we should sort waste and recycle reusable things. Second, save energy by turning off lights in time. Third, choose public transport instead of driving cars. Small actions are easy to do, and they can make a big difference to our green world. If everyone works together, a better world will be created in the future. Topic: A green world Details Present situation Our earth is in 1 now. Serious pollution Air and 2 pollution are serious. Way 1 Sort waste and 3 reusable things. Way 2 Save energy by 4 off lights. Result hope A better world will be 5 one day. 六、书面表达 以 How to Make Our World Green 为题，写一篇80词左右短文，介绍环保做法。 参考答案 一、1. pollute 2. recycle 3. waste 4. harmful 5. resources 6. separate 7. produce 8. wisely 9. depends 10. simple 二、1-5 AABCA 6-10 CBABC 三、1. are planted 2. was poured 3. will be made 4. cutting 5. harmful 6. to recycle 7. are used 8. to reduce 四、1. will be planted 2. can be kept 3. It is good; to 4. does harm 5. and 五、1. danger 2. water 3. recycle 4. turning 5. created 六、范文： How to Make Our World Green It’s important for us to make our world green. There are many easy ways to protect the environment. First, we should sort waste and recycle reusable things. Second, we must save water and energy in daily life. Third, choose public transport instead of driving cars. Also, never throw rubbish everywhere. Small actions make a big difference. Let’s work together to create a beautiful green world. 第 1 页 共 52 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $