内容正文:
语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. In the opening of the World Conference of Classics in Beijing, Martin Kern, a famous sinologist, advocated for ______ transformative role of cross-cultural study in understanding ancient civilizations.
2. Studying Chinese and Greek civilizations separately often ______ (limit) people’s global perspective on ancient cultures.
3. If you only know about China, ______ only know about Greece, you will never know what is particular and special about either one.
4. Kern said, ______ (emphasize) the importance of engaging in comparative scholarship, that cross-cultural study is essential for scholars.
5. Investigating Greek ______ (debate) on reading practices brought new insights to Kern’s research on early Chinese manuscripts.
6. Cross-cultural dialogues are not simply supplemental to ______ (specialize) research; they are essential for transforming scholars’ understanding.
7. To know something about other cultures is to better understand ______ (one) own, Kern commented.
8. Without engaging with other civilizations, we rob ourselves of fundamental insights into our own fields and ______ (civilize).
9. The incredibly rich traditions of ancient China can contribute a wealth of new perspectives ______ the study of other civilizations.
10. Ma Sichun appeared in the ______ (five) season of the variety show Roast, which surprised the audience with her overweight appearance.
11. She looks totally different from her slim appearance in You Are My Hero, ______ (release) on March 11, in which Ma plays a doctor.
12. Ma Sichun publicly admitted that she has been suffering from depression ______ hadn’t realized that it was a disease.
13. After ______ (step) into showbiz, Ma tried to get rid of accusations of nepotism because her aunt is a well-known actress.
14. I’m ______ (true) making an attempt to be more open-minded and courageous, Ma said in an interview.
15. Ma played jokes about remarks ______ her overweight brought about by taking medicine on the stage of Roast.
16. Only when ______ (face) depression can you accept yourself and get better, Ma encouraged those suffering from it.
第一组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领)
1. 答案:the (知识点:冠词-定冠词用法;核心思维:空格后transformative role(变革性作用)有后置定语of cross-cultural study(跨文化研究的),表“特指”,故用定冠词the;方法指导:名词后有后置定语(of短语、定语从句等),表特指某一事物,优先用定冠词the;拓展:定冠词the的常见用法:特指上文提到的人/物、有后置定语修饰的名词、独一无二的事物前、序数词/形容词最高级前;易错点:① 误写为a(不定冠词,表泛指,此处表特指跨文化研究的作用,不适用);② 漏用冠词(可数名词单数role前需加冠词,否则语法错误);补充:类似搭配:the role of...(……的作用)、the importance of...(……的重要性),均需用定冠词the表特指。)
2. 答案:limits (知识点:时态-一般现在时第三人称单数;核心思维:主语是动名词短语Studying Chinese and Greek civilizations separately(单独研究中国和希腊文明),动名词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,句子表客观事实,故用一般现在时第三人称单数limits;方法指导:看到动名词(doing)作主语,优先考虑谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,结合时态(客观事实用一般现在时)确定动词形式;拓展:动名词作主语的常见用法:Doing sth is + 形容词/名词(做某事是……),如Reading is helpful.(阅读是有帮助的);limit的常见搭配:limit one’s perspective(限制某人的视角)、limit sth to...(将某物限制在……);易错点:① 误写为limit(动词原形,动名词作主语,谓语不能用原形);② 误写为limited(过去式/过去分词,此处表客观事实,不用过去时态,也无需被动);③ 误写为separately(词性错误,题干提示词为limit,需填limit的正确形式,而非separately);补充:动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,这是语法填空高频考点,需重点记忆。)
3. 答案:or (知识点:连词-并列连词用法;核心思维:句子结构为“If you only know..., ______ only know...”,前后是并列选择关系,表“如果你只了解中国,或者只了解希腊”,故用or(或者);方法指导:并列句中,表选择关系(要么……要么……、或者……或者……),用并列连词or;拓展:常见并列连词分类:表选择(or、either...or...)、表并列(and、both...and...)、表转折(but、yet)、表因果(so、for);易错点:① 误写为and(表并列,此处是选择关系,不适用);② 误写为but(表转折,语义不符);补充:or的其他用法:用于否定句中,代替and表“和”,如I don’t like coffee or tea.(我不喜欢咖啡和茶。)
4. 答案:emphasizing (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词;核心思维:Kern与emphasize(强调)之间是主动关系,即“Kern在说的时候,强调……”,现在分词作伴随状语,表主动、进行;方法指导:句子主干完整(Kern said that...),后面的动词与主语是主动关系,表“伴随动作”,优先用现在分词doing;拓展:emphasize的常见用法:emphasize the importance of...(强调……的重要性),其名词形式为emphasis(强调),常见搭配:put emphasis on...(重视……);易错点:① 误写为emphasized(过去分词,表被动,Kern是主动强调,不适用);② 误写为to emphasize(不定式,表目的,此处是伴随动作,不表目的);补充:现在分词作伴随状语,常放在句中或句末,用逗号与主句隔开。)
5. 答案:debates (知识点:词性转换-动词变名词(单复数);核心思维:空格前有形容词Greek(希腊的)修饰,需用名词,debate(争论、讨论)作“争论”讲时是可数名词,此处表“希腊关于阅读实践的诸多争论”,故用复数debates;方法指导:形容词后缺名词,优先考虑动词/形容词变名词,同时判断名词单复数;拓展:debate的词性转换:debate(动词,争论)→ debate(名词,争论),复数形式为debates;常见搭配:academic debates(学术争论)、debates on...(关于……的争论);易错点:① 误写为debate(单数形式,此处表泛指多个争论,需用复数);② 误写为debating(动名词,此处需要名词作主语,不适用);补充:可数名词前无冠词修饰时,通常用复数形式表泛指。)
6. 答案:specialized (知识点:词性转换-动词变形容词;核心思维:空格修饰名词research(研究),需用形容词,故将动词specialize(专门研究、专攻)转换为形容词specialized(专门的、专业的);方法指导:名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换,动词变形容词;拓展:specialize的词性转换:specialize(动词,专攻)→ specialized(形容词,专业的)→ specialist(名词,专家)→ special(形容词,特殊的);常见搭配:specialized research(专业研究)、specialized knowledge(专业知识);易错点:① 误写为specialize(动词,不能作定语);② 误写为special(形容词,意为“特殊的”,与“专业的”语义不符);补充:动词变形容词的常见后缀:-ed(如specialize→specialized、interest→interested),表“被……的、具有……性质的”。)
7. 答案:one’s (知识点:代词-物主代词用法;核心思维:空格修饰名词own(自己的),需用形容词性物主代词,结合前文“To know something about other cultures”(了解其他文化),此处表“更好地了解自己的(文化)”,故用one’s(某人的);方法指导:看到own(自己的)前,优先考虑形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、one’s等),结合语境判断指代对象;拓展:one’s own的常见搭配:on one’s own(独自)、of one’s own(属于某人自己的);易错点:① 误写为one(人称代词,不能修饰own);② 误写为their(物主代词,此处指代“某人”,不是“他们”,语义不符);补充:one’s可泛指“某人的”,适用于不确定指代对象的语境,贴合本句语义。)
8. 答案:civilization (知识点:词性转换-动词变名词;核心思维:空格前有形容词性物主代词our(我们的)修饰,需用名词,故将动词civilize(使文明)转换为名词civilization(文明);方法指导:形容词性物主代词后必须接名词,优先考虑词性转换(动词变名词);拓展:civilize的词性转换:civilize(动词,使文明)→ civilization(名词,文明)→ civilized(形容词,文明的);常见搭配:ancient civilization(古代文明)、global civilization(全球文明);易错点:① 误写为civilize(动词,不能作宾语);② 拼写错误,如civilization误写为civilisation(英式拼写,此处优先用美式拼写);补充:类似词性转换:organize(动词)→ organization(名词)、educate(动词)→ education(名词)。)
9. 答案:to (知识点:介词-固定搭配;核心思维:考查固定搭配contribute...to...(为……贡献……),意为“中国丰富的古代传统能为其他文明的研究贡献大量新视角”;方法指导:看到动词contribute,优先联想到固定搭配contribute to(贡献给……、有助于……),to是介词,后面接名词/动名词;拓展:contribute的其他搭配:contribute to doing sth(有助于做某事)、contribute money to charity(向慈善机构捐款);易错点:① 误写为for(无contribute...for...搭配);② 误写为in(搭配错误,contribute in不表示“贡献给……”);补充:类似固定搭配:devote...to...(致力于……)、donate...to...(捐赠……给……),均需用介词to。)
10. 答案:fifth (知识点:词性转换-基数词变序数词;核心思维:空格后是名词season(季节、季),表“第五季”,需用序数词,故将基数词five(五)转换为序数词fifth(第五);方法指导:名词前表“第几”,优先用序数词,序数词前通常加定冠词the,但此处有定冠词the修饰season,故直接用fifth;拓展:基数词变序数词的规则:1-3特殊变(one→first、two→second、three→third),4-19加-th(four→fourth、five→fifth),20以上整十变-ty为-tieth(twenty→twentieth);易错点:① 误写为five(基数词,表数量“五”,不表顺序);② 拼写错误,如fifth误写为fiveth;补充:序数词的常见用法:the+序数词+名词(表“第几……”),如the fifth season(第五季)、the first day(第一天)。)
11. 答案:released (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词;核心思维:You Are My Hero(《你是我的城池营垒》)与release(发行、上映)之间是被动关系,即“这部剧被发行”,过去分词作后置定语,修饰You Are My Hero;方法指导:名词后缺定语,且名词与动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词done;拓展:release的常见用法:release a film(发行电影)、release a book(出版书籍),其过去分词为released;易错点:① 误写为releasing(现在分词,表主动,剧不能主动发行,需用被动);② 误写为to release(不定式,表将来,这部剧已发行,表完成,不适用);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,如You Are My Hero released on March 11 = You Are My Hero which was released on March 11。)
12. 答案:and (知识点:连词-并列连词用法;核心思维:空格前后是两个并列的谓语动词(has been suffering和hadn’t realized),表“她一直遭受抑郁症困扰,并且没有意识到这是一种疾病”,前后语义并列,故用and;方法指导:复合句中,主句有两个并列的谓语动词,用并列连词and连接;拓展:and的常见用法:连接并列的词、短语、句子,表“和、并且”;易错点:① 误写为but(表转折,前后语义无转折,不适用);② 漏用连词(两个并列谓语之间必须用连词连接,否则语法错误);补充:多个并列谓语的结构:主语+谓语1+and+谓语2+(and+谓语3),如He got up, washed his face and went to school.(他起床、洗脸然后去上学。)
13. 答案:stepping (知识点:非谓语动词-动名词;核心思维:介词after后接动词时,需将动词变为动名词(doing),step(踏入)的动名词形式为stepping;方法指导:看到介词(after、in、on、with等)后接动词,优先将动词变为动名词;拓展:step的常见搭配:step into(踏入、进入)、step up(挺身而出)、step down(辞职);易错点:① 误写为step(动词原形,不能作介词宾语);② 误写为to step(不定式,介词后不能接不定式);补充:动名词作介词宾语的常见场景:after doing、before doing、in doing、on doing等。)
14. 答案:truly (知识点:词性转换-形容词变副词;核心思维:空格修饰动词making(努力、尝试),副词修饰动词,故将形容词true(真实的)转换为副词truly(真正地);方法指导:看到动词后缺修饰成分,优先考虑形容词变副词;拓展:true的词性转换:true(形容词,真实的)→ truly(副词,真正地)→ truth(名词,真相);常见搭配:truly make an attempt(真正努力尝试)、truly believe(真正相信);易错点:① 误写为true(形容词,不能修饰动词);② 拼写错误,如truly误写为truely;补充:以e结尾的形容词变副词,若e前是辅音字母,直接加-ly(true→truly例外,需去掉e加-ly)。)
15. 答案:about (知识点:介词-语境搭配;核心思维:空格后是“her overweight brought about by taking medicine”(因服药导致的超重),表“关于……的评论”,故用介词about(关于);方法指导:名词remarks(评论)后接内容,表“关于……的评论”,用介词about;拓展:remarks的常见搭配:remarks about sb/sth(关于某人/某物的评论)、make remarks(发表评论);易错点:① 误写为on(remarks on sth也可表示“关于某物的评论”,但about更侧重“涉及、提及”,贴合本句语境);② 漏用介词(remarks后接具体内容时,需加介词连接);补充:类似搭配:comments about/on sth(关于某物的评论)、opinions about/on sth(关于某物的观点)。)
16. 答案:facing (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词(省略句);核心思维:Only when引导的时间状语从句中,主语与主句主语一致(均为you),且从句中有be动词,可省略主语和be动词,you与face(面对)之间是主动关系,故用现在分词facing;方法指导:Only when/if引导的状语从句,若主语与主句主语一致且有be动词,可省略“主语+be动词”,剩余部分用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动);拓展:face的常见搭配:face sth(面对某物)、be faced with sth(面对某物);易错点:① 误写为face(动词原形,省略句中不能用原形);② 误写为faced(过去分词,表被动,you是主动面对,不适用);补充:类似省略句:When (you are) walking on the street, you should be careful.(当你在街上走时,要小心。)
第一组 举一反三题目
请根据第一组考点,完成下列举一反三题目,每空1词,巩固高频知识点。
1. In the opening of the art exhibition, the famous painter advocated for ______ important role of traditional art in enriching people’s spiritual life.
2. Many experts argue that studying history and literature ______ (separate) limits people’s ability to understand the connection between different fields.
3. If you only focus on study, ______ only focus on entertainment, you will never achieve a balance between study and life.
4. The teacher said, ______ (emphasize) the importance of daily practice, that hard work is the key to success.
5. Exploring different cultural ______ (debate) on family values brought new ideas to the sociologist’s research.
6. Practical experience is not simply supplemental to ______ (specialize) knowledge; it is essential for personal growth.
7. To know something about different lifestyles is to better understand ______ (one) own way of life.
8. Without learning from others’ experiences, we rob ourselves of valuable insights into our own growth and ______ (civilize).
9. The young writer can contribute a lot of new ideas ______ the development of modern literature.
10. My favorite singer appeared in the ______ (six) season of the talent show, which surprised all his fans.
11. The film, ______ (release) last month, tells a touching story about friendship and courage.
12. He admitted that he had made a mistake ______ hadn’t had the courage to admit it before.
13. After ______ (enter) the university, she tried her best to adapt to the new study and life environment.
14. For a long time, the old man ______ (stick) in the memory of his late wife, but now he has learned to move on.
15. I’m ______ (true) grateful for your help and support during this difficult time.
16. The reporter asked some questions ______ the actor’s new film and his future plans.
17. Only when ______ (face) your shortcomings can you make progress and become better.
第一组 举一反三题目答案
1. the 2. separately 3. or 4. emphasizing 5. debates 6. specialized 7. one’s 8. civilization 9. to 10. sixth 11. released 12. and 13. entering 14. was stuck 15. truly 16. about 17. facing
第二组 语法填空
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. ______ (give) its dynamic blend of opera, dance and martial arts, the Yingge dance has been referred to as the “Chinese Warrior Dance” by netizens.
2. The Yingge dance, a form of folk dance popular in Guangdong, ______ (list) as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
3. It ______ (trend) on social media platforms over the past two years as videos of the dance got millions of views online.
4. Videos of the Yingge dance got millions of ______ (view) online, making it more and more popular.
5. The most important Chinese musical instrument in the Yingge dance is the drum, ______ is occasionally accompanied by cymbals and a gong.
6. With painted faces and each dancer ______ (hold) a pair of short batons, the performers jump and swing the sticks while dancing.
7. All the performers dance to the sound of drums, gongs, and shouts in the Yingge dance performance.
8. Repeated training ______ (require) to ensure the dancers’ movements are standard and powerful.
9. While men’s Yingge performances are inspired by the legendary “Water Margin”, the women’s routines often draw from the tales of legendary Chinese ______ (heroine).
10. Their performances embody both strength and ______ (soft), showing a unique artistic charm.
11. Through artistic treatments, a masculine beauty is reflected as ______ whole in the Yingge dance.
12. Dance drama Tian Gong Kai Wu will launch its ______ (globe) tour, starting from Sydney Opera House.
13. The dance drama is inspired by the classic book written by Song Yingxing, a scientist ______ lived in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
14. The dance drama Tian Gong Kai Wu, ______ (direct) by Chinese filmmaker Lu Chuan, reflects ancient China’s manufacturing and farming techniques.
15. First ______ (publish) in 1637, the book Tian Gong Kai Wu earns recognition as an encyclopedia of science and technology.
16. So far, the dance drama ______ (be toured) nationwide by visiting nearly 30 Chinese cities with about 100 shows.
17. The dance drama has attracted more than 100,000 audiences, ______ (attract) widespread attention from all over the country.
18. The production is a joint effort between the Jiangxi Cultural and Performing Arts Group and the Beijing Dance Academy.
第二组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领)
1. 答案:Given (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词(特殊用法);核心思维:Given此处作介词,意为“考虑到、鉴于”,表“考虑到它融合了歌剧、舞蹈和武术的活力”,是固定用法;方法指导:看到句子开头有______+名词短语,且表“考虑到、鉴于”,优先用Given(首字母大写);拓展:Given的常见用法:Given sth(考虑到某事)、Given that+从句(考虑到……),如Given his age, he did a good job.(考虑到他的年龄,他做得很好。);易错点:① 误写为Giving(现在分词,表主动,此处是固定介词用法,不适用);② 误写为Give(动词原形,句子开头不能用动词原形,否则语法错误);补充:Given作为介词,是高频考点,需重点记忆其固定搭配和用法。)
2. 答案:was listed (知识点:时态语态-一般过去时被动语态;核心思维:The Yingge dance(英歌舞)与list(列入、收录)之间是被动关系,即“英歌舞被列入非物质文化遗产”,时间状语in 2006(2006年)表过去,故用一般过去时被动语态was listed;方法指导:判断被动语态(主语是动作的承受者),结合过去时间状语(in 2006、yesterday等),用一般过去时被动语态;拓展:list的常见搭配:be listed as(被列为……)、list sth(列出某物),其过去分词为listed;易错点:① 误用主动语态,如listed(缺少be动词,语法错误)、listed itself(主动语态,语义不符);② 时态错误,如has been listed(现在完成时,表从过去持续到现在,此处仅表示2006年的动作,不适用);补充:一般过去时被动语态结构:was/were+过去分词,主语是单数(The Yingge dance),用was。)
3. 答案:has been trending (知识点:时态-现在完成进行时;核心思维:时间状语over the past two years(过去两年以来)表“从过去持续到现在的动作”,且动作仍在进行(英歌舞仍在社交媒体上流行),故用现在完成进行时has been trending;方法指导:看到时间状语over the past+时间段、in the past+时间段,优先用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,动作持续进行用现在完成进行时;拓展:trend的常见用法:trend on social media(在社交媒体上流行),其现在分词为trending;易错点:① 误写为trended(一般过去时,表过去的动作,不表持续);② 误写为has trended(现在完成时,表动作完成,不表持续进行);补充:现在完成进行时结构:have/has been+doing,主语是单数(It),用has。)
4. 答案:views (知识点:词性转换-动词变名词(单复数);核心思维:空格前有millions of(数百万的)修饰,需用名词复数,view(观看、浏览量)作“浏览量”讲时是可数名词,故用复数views;方法指导:看到millions of、hundreds of等短语,后面接可数名词复数;拓展:view的词性转换:view(动词,观看、看待)→ view(名词,浏览量、观点),复数形式为views;常见搭配:millions of views(数百万的浏览量)、different views(不同的观点);易错点:① 误写为view(单数形式,millions of后需接复数);② 误写为viewing(动名词,此处需要名词作宾语,不适用);补充:类似可数名词:like(点赞)→ likes、comment(评论)→ comments,均需用复数表“数量”。)
5. 答案:which (知识点:定语从句-关系代词;核心思维:先行词是the drum(鼓),指物,在从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句(前面有逗号),故用关系代词which;方法指导:先行词指物,在从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句,用which,不能用that;拓展:非限制性定语从句的特点:前面有逗号,修饰整个句子或先行词,关系词不能省略,指物用which,指人用who/whom;易错点:① 误写为that(that不能用于非限制性定语从句);② 误写为it(it不能引导定语从句,会导致句子结构混乱);补充:定语从句中,关系代词which作主语时,不能省略,如The drum, which is important, is used in the dance.(鼓,很重要,被用于舞蹈中。)
6. 答案:holding (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词(with复合结构);核心思维:with复合结构中,dancer(舞者)与hold(拿着)之间是主动关系,即“舞者拿着短棍”,故用现在分词holding;方法指导:with复合结构:with+宾语+宾语补足语,宾语与宾语补足语是主动关系,用现在分词;被动关系,用过去分词;拓展:with复合结构的常见形式:with+sb doing(某人做某事)、with+sth done(某物被做)、with+sb to do(某人要做某事);易错点:① 误写为held(过去分词,表被动,舞者是主动拿着短棍,不适用);② 误写为to hold(不定式,表将来,此处是正在进行的动作,不适用);补充:with复合结构在句中常作状语,表伴随、原因、条件等,如With the door open, the wind blew in.(门开着,风吹了进来。)
7. 答案:to (知识点:介词-固定搭配;核心思维:考查固定搭配to the sound of...(伴随着……的声音),意为“所有表演者伴随着鼓、锣和呐喊声跳舞”;方法指导:看到sound(声音),优先联想到固定搭配to the sound of...;拓展:类似搭配:dance to the music(随着音乐跳舞)、sing to the tune(跟着调子唱歌);易错点:① 误写为with(with the sound of...也可表示“带着……的声音”,但to更侧重“伴随着”,贴合本句语境);② 误写为in(搭配错误,in the sound of不表示“伴随着”);补充:to在此处表“伴随着、跟着”,是高频介词搭配,需重点记忆。)
8. 答案:is required (知识点:时态语态-一般现在时被动语态;核心思维:Repeated training(反复训练)与require(需要)之间是被动关系,即“反复训练被需要”,句子表客观事实,故用一般现在时被动语态is required;方法指导:判断被动语态(主语是动作的承受者),表客观事实、经常性动作,用一般现在时被动语态;拓展:require的常见搭配:sth is required to do sth(做某事需要某物)、require sb to do sth(要求某人做某事);易错点:① 误用主动语态,如requires(主动语态,训练不能主动需要,需用被动);② 时态错误,如was required(一般过去时,表过去,此处表客观事实,不适用);补充:一般现在时被动语态结构:am/is/are+过去分词,主语是单数(Repeated training),用is。)
9. 答案:heroines (知识点:词性转换-名词单复数;核心思维:空格前有形容词legendary(传奇的)修饰,需用名词,heroine(女英雄)是可数名词,此处表“多个传奇女英雄”,故用复数heroines;方法指导:名词前无冠词修饰,且表泛指多个事物,用复数形式;拓展:heroine的复数变化:以e结尾的可数名词,直接加-s(heroine→heroines),其对应的阳性名词是hero(英雄),复数为heroes(注意区别:hero以o结尾,且为有生命的事物,复数需加-es);常见搭配:legendary heroines(传奇女英雄)、famous heroines(著名女英雄);易错点:① 误写为heroine(单数形式,此处表多个女英雄,需用复数);② 拼写错误,如heroines误写为heroins;补充:类似复数变化:story→stories、city→cities、potato→potatoes(以o结尾的可数名词,有生命的加-es),rose→roses、plane→planes(以e结尾的可数名词,直接加-s)。)
10. 答案:softness (知识点:词性转换-形容词变名词;核心思维:空格前有并列连词and,连接strength(力量,名词)和空格内容,故空格需用名词,将形容词soft(柔软的)转换为名词softness(柔软);方法指导:看到并列连词and,连接两个并列成分,需保持词性一致(均为名词/形容词/动词等);拓展:soft的词性转换:soft(形容词,柔软的)→ softness(名词,柔软)→ softly(副词,柔软地);常见搭配:strength and softness(力量与柔软);易错点:① 误写为soft(形容词,与and前的名词strength词性不一致);② 拼写错误,如softness误写为softness(正确)、softnes(错误);补充:类似词性转换:strong(形容词)→ strength(名词)、brave(形容词)→ bravery(名词)、kind(形容词)→ kindness(名词)。)
11. 答案:a (知识点:冠词-不定冠词用法;核心思维:考查固定搭配as a whole(总体上、作为一个整体),意为“通过艺术处理,阳刚之美作为一个整体被体现出来”;方法指导:看到固定搭配as a whole,直接填不定冠词a;拓展:as a whole的常见用法:修饰整个句子或名词,表“总体来看”,如As a whole, the plan is feasible.(总体来看,这个计划是可行的。);易错点:① 误写为the(定冠词,as a whole是固定搭配,不能用the);② 漏用冠词(固定搭配中不能省略a);补充:类似固定搭配:as a result(结果)、as a matter of fact(事实上),均需用不定冠词a。)
12. 答案:global (知识点:词性转换-名词变形容词;核心思维:空格修饰名词tour(巡演),需用形容词,故将名词globe(地球、全球)转换为形容词global(全球的);方法指导:名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换(名词变形容词);拓展:globe的词性转换:globe(名词,地球)→ global(形容词,全球的)→ globally(副词,全球范围内);常见搭配:global tour(全球巡演)、global economy(全球经济);易错点:① 误写为globe(名词,不能作定语);② 误写为globally(副词,不能修饰名词);补充:名词变形容词的常见后缀:-al(如globe→global、nation→national、education→educational),表“与……相关的、具有……性质的”。)
13. 答案:who/that (知识点:定语从句-关系代词;核心思维:先行词是a scientist(一位科学家),指人,在从句中作主语,引导限制性定语从句(无逗号),故用关系代词who或that;方法指导:先行词指人,在从句中作主语,引导限制性定语从句,可用who或that;拓展:定语从句中,先行词指人,作主语用who/that,作宾语用who/whom/that(可省略);易错点:① 误写为which(which指物,不能指人);② 误写为whose(whose作定语,表“……的”,此处从句中缺主语,不适用);补充:限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:限制性定语从句无逗号,修饰先行词,不能省略;非限制性定语从句有逗号,可省略,不影响句子主干。)
14. 答案:directed (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词;核心思维:The dance drama Tian Gong Kai Wu(舞剧《天工开物》)与direct(导演)之间是被动关系,即“舞剧被陆川导演”,过去分词作后置定语,修饰舞剧;方法指导:名词后缺定语,且名词与动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词done;拓展:direct的常见用法:direct a film/drama(导演电影/舞剧),其过去分词为directed;易错点:① 误写为directing(现在分词,表主动,舞剧不能主动被导演,需用被动);② 误写为to direct(不定式,表将来,舞剧已被导演完成,不适用);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,如the dance drama directed by Lu Chuan = the dance drama which was directed by Lu Chuan。)
15. 答案:published (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词;核心思维:the book(这本书)与publish(出版)之间是被动关系,即“这本书被出版”,过去分词作状语,表被动、完成;方法指导:句子开头有名词+______+时间状语,且名词与动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词作状语;拓展:publish的常见用法:publish a book(出版一本书),其过去分词为published;易错点:① 误写为publishing(现在分词,表主动,书不能主动出版,需用被动);② 误写为to publish(不定式,表将来,书在1637年已出版,表完成,不适用);补充:过去分词作状语,可还原为状语从句,如First published in 1637 = As it was first published in 1637。)
16. 答案:has been toured (知识点:时态语态-现在完成时被动语态;核心思维:时间状语so far(到目前为止)表“从过去持续到现在的动作”,the dance drama(舞剧)与tour(巡演)之间是被动关系,即“舞剧被全国巡演”,故用现在完成时被动语态has been toured;方法指导:看到时间状语so far、up to now,结合主语与动词是被动关系,优先用现在完成时被动语态;拓展:tour的被动用法:be toured nationwide(被全国巡演)、be toured around the world(被全球巡演);易错点:① 误用主动语态,如has been touring(现在完成进行时,表主动,舞剧不能主动巡演,语义矛盾);② 时态错误,如was toured(一般过去时,仅表过去的动作,不表从过去持续到现在);③ 漏用be动词,如toured(缺少be动词,被动语态不完整);补充:现在完成时被动语态结构:have/has been+过去分词,主语是单数(the dance drama),用has,tour的过去分词为toured。)
17. 答案:attracting (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词;核心思维:the dance drama(舞剧)与attract(吸引)之间是主动关系,即“舞剧吸引了广泛关注”,现在分词作结果状语,表主动、自然的结果;方法指导:句子主干完整,后面的动词表“主干动作带来的自然结果”,优先用现在分词doing;拓展:attract的常见搭配:attract attention(吸引关注)、attract audience(吸引观众),其现在分词为attracting;易错点:① 误写为attracted(过去分词,表被动,舞剧是主动吸引关注,不适用);② 误写为to attract(不定式,表目的,此处是结果,不表目的);补充:现在分词作结果状语,通常放在句末,用逗号与主句隔开,表“自然而然的结果”;不定式作结果状语,表“出乎意料的结果”,如He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。)
18. 答案:the (知识点:冠词-定冠词用法;核心思维:Beijing Dance Academy(北京舞蹈学院)是专有名词,且是独一无二的机构,故用定冠词the;方法指导:独一无二的机构、地名、建筑等专有名词前,用定冠词the;拓展:定冠词the修饰专有名词的常见情况:机构名称(the Beijing Dance Academy、the Chinese Academy of Sciences)、建筑名称(the Great Wall、the Sydney Opera House)、江河湖海(the Yellow River、the Pacific Ocean);易错点:① 漏用the(专有名词是机构、建筑时,需加the,否则语法不规范);② 误写为a(不定冠词,表泛指,此处表特指北京舞蹈学院,不适用);补充:人名、普通地名(如Beijing、Shanghai)前不加the,如Ma Sichun(马思纯)、Guangdong(广东)。)
第二组 举一反三题目
请根据第二组考点,完成下列举一反三题目,每空1词,巩固高频知识点。
1. ______ (give) its unique combination of music and painting, the art exhibition has attracted a lot of visitors.
2. The traditional folk song, popular in the northern region, ______ (list) as a local intangible cultural heritage last year.
3. It ______ (trend) on the Internet over the past month as the short video got millions of likes.
4. The short video about traditional crafts got millions of ______ (view) online, making it a hit.
5. The most important tool in the experiment is the microscope, ______ is occasionally accompanied by other auxiliary tools.
6. With bright smiles and each student ______ (hold) a flower, the children walked into the classroom happily.
7. All the audience clapped ______ the sound of the music after the performance.
8. Careful preparation ______ (require) to ensure the success of the important meeting.
9. While boys’ stories are inspired by superheroes, girls’ stories often draw from the tales of famous ______ (heroine).
10. Her personality embodies both confidence and ______ (soft), making her very popular among her classmates.
11. Through joint efforts, the project was completed successfully as ______ whole.
12. The famous singer will launch his ______ (globe) tour, starting from Paris.
13. The novel is written by Mo Yan, a writer ______ was born in Shandong Province.
14. The film, ______ (direct) by a famous director, tells a story about love and responsibility.
15. First ______ (print) in 1980, the book has been translated into many languages.
16. So far, the singer ______ (be toured) around the world by visiting more than 50 countries.
第二组 举一反三题目答案
1. Given 2. was listed 3. has been trending 4. views 5. which 6. holding 7. to 8. is required 9. heroines 10. softness 11. a 12. global 13. who/that 14. directed 15. printed 16. has been toured
语法知识点系统总结(详细全面,方便背诵记忆)
本总结整合两组题目所有高频考点,按“考点分类+核心用法+方法指导+易错点+拓展延伸”的结构整理,构建系统知识网络,贴合学生背诵记忆需求,覆盖语法填空常考知识点,降低AI痕迹,注重实用性和针对性。
一、冠词(高频基础考点)
1. 定冠词the(表特指)
核心用法:修饰名词(单数、复数、不可数),表“特指”,即双方都知道的事物、有后置定语修饰的事物、独一无二的事物/机构/建筑、序数词/形容词最高级前、专有名词(机构、建筑、江河湖海)前。
方法指导:看到以下情况,优先用the:① 名词后有后置定语(of短语、定语从句等);② 专有名词(机构、建筑,如the Beijing Dance Academy);③ 序数词/形容词最高级前(如the fifth season、the most important instrument);④ 独一无二的事物(如the Earth、the Great Wall)。
易错点:① 泛指时误用the(如a role误写为the role,无后置定语表泛指,不适用);② 专有名词(人名、普通地名)前误加the(如Ma Sichun误写为the Ma Sichun);③ 固定搭配中漏用/误用the(如as a whole误写为as the whole)。
拓展延伸:常见固定搭配(含the):the role of...(……的作用)、the importance of...(……的重要性)、the number of...(……的数量)、the Great Wall(长城)、the Sydney Opera House(悉尼歌剧院)。
2. 不定冠词a/an(表泛指)
核心用法:修饰单数可数名词,表“泛指一个”或“一类事物”;a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前(注意:是元音音素,不是元音字母)。
方法指导:看到单数可数名词前无限定词(the、this、物主代词等),表泛指,优先用a/an;判断用a还是an,看单词发音,不看字母。
易错点:① 元音字母开头但辅音音素发音,误用an(如a useful book误写为an useful book);② 辅音字母开头但元音音素发音,误用a(如an hour误写为a hour);③ 不可数名词前误用a/an(如a water误写为water)。
拓展延伸:常见固定搭配(含a/an):as a whole(总体上)、as a result(结果)、an ideal environment(一个理想的环境)、a popular show(一个受欢迎的节目)。
二、词性转换(高频核心考点)
核心原则:根据句子成分判断词性(定语→形容词、状语→副词、主语/宾语→名词),结合词根词缀进行转换,重点掌握名词、形容词、副词、动词之间的转换。
1. 名词↔形容词
(1)名词变形容词:常见后缀:-ous(variety→various、danger→dangerous)、-ed(specialize→specialized、interest→interested)、-al(globe→global、nation→national)、-ful(beauty→beautiful、help→helpful)。
方法指导:名词前缺定语,优先将名词转换为形容词。
(2)形容词变名词:常见后缀:-ness(soft→softness、happy→happiness、kind→kindness)、-ity(able→ability、possible→possibility)、-ance(important→importance、distant→distance)。
方法指导:形容词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词,或与其他名词并列,优先将形容词转换为名词。
易错点:① 词性混淆(如形容词作状语、名词作定语);② 后缀拼写错误(如separately误写为seperateley、truly误写为truely);③ 可数名词单复数判断错误(如debate误写为单数、heroine误写为单数)。
2. 形容词↔副词
(1)形容词变副词:常见后缀:-ly(separate→separately、true→truly、soft→softly);特殊变化:good→well、fast→fast(无变化)。
方法指导:动词、形容词、整个句子前缺修饰成分,优先将形容词转换为副词。
(2)副词变形容词:去掉后缀-ly(separately→separate、truly→true);特殊变化:well→good。
方法指导:名词前缺定语,且所给词为副词时,将副词转换为形容词。
易错点:① 副词修饰名词(如globally tour误写为global tour);② 形容词修饰动词(如true making误写为truly making);③ 特殊变化记忆错误(如well误写为good作副词)。
3. 动词↔名词
(1)动词变名词:常见后缀:-ment(develop→development、improve→improvement)、-ion/-tion(organize→organization、educate→education、civilize→civilization)、-ing(debate→debating、step→stepping,动名词作名词)、-ance(perform→performance、appear→appearance)。
方法指导:句子缺主语、宾语,且所给词为动词时,优先将动词转换为名词;注意区分动名词(doing)和规则名词变化(加后缀),动名词更侧重“动作本身”,规则名词更侧重“动作的结果或状态”。
(2)名词变动词:常见前缀:en-(large→enlarge、rich→enrich);部分名词可直接作动词(view→view、debate→debate、tour→tour)。
方法指导:句子缺谓语动词,且所给词为名词时,优先将名词转换为动词,结合时态、语态确定动词形式。
易错点:① 动词变名词时后缀拼写错误(如civilization误写为civilisation、organization误写为organazation);② 混淆动名词和规则名词的用法(如需要“争论”这一名词时,误写为debating而非debates);③ 名词变动词时误用前缀(如enlarge误写为largeen)。
三、非谓语动词(高频难点考点)
核心原则:非谓语动词不作谓语,需结合逻辑主语与动词的关系(主动→现在分词doing;被动→过去分词done;目的/将来→不定式to do),以及在句中的成分(状语、定语、宾语补足语)判断形式。
1. 现在分词(doing)
核心用法:逻辑主语与动词是主动关系;在句中可作伴随状语、结果状语、定语、宾语补足语;表“主动、进行”的动作。
方法指导:① 句子主干完整,动词与逻辑主语主动,表“伴随、自然结果”,用现在分词(如Kern said, emphasizing...);② 名词后缺定语,名词与动词主动,用现在分词(如a boy running);③ 介词后接动词,用动名词(doing)作宾语(如after stepping、in doing)。
易错点:① 主动关系误用过去分词(如emphasizing误写为emphasized);② 介词后误用不定式(如after to step误写为after stepping);③ 混淆伴随状语和目的状语(表目的用to do,误写为doing)。
2. 过去分词(done)
核心用法:逻辑主语与动词是被动关系;在句中可作状语、定语、宾语补足语;表“被动、完成”的动作。
方法指导:① 句子主干完整,动词与逻辑主语被动,表“被动、完成”,用过去分词(如First published in 1637);② 名词后缺定语,名词与动词被动,用过去分词(如the film directed by...);③ with复合结构中,宾语与动词被动,用过去分词(如with the door closed)。
易错点:① 被动关系误用现在分词(如released误写为releasing);② 过去分词作状语时漏用逻辑主语(如published in 1637前缺名词);③ 混淆过去分词和过去式(过去式作谓语,过去分词不作谓语)。
3. 不定式(to do)
核心用法:表“目的、将来、具体动作”;在句中可作目的状语、主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语;注意部分动词后固定接不定式(如want to do、try to do、hope to do)。
方法指导:① 表“目的”,用不定式(如To know something about other cultures...);② 动词后缺宾语,且该动词固定接不定式,用to do(如attempt to do);③ 名词后缺定语,表“将来要做的事”,用to do(如a book to read)。
易错点:① 表目的误用现在分词(如To emphasize误写为Emphasizing);② 固定搭配中误用动名词(如try to do误写为try doing);③ 不定式符号to遗漏(如want do误写为want to do)。
四、时态与语态(高频核心考点)
核心原则:时态由时间状语、语境判断;语态由主语与动词的关系(主动/被动)判断,被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”。
1. 高频时态
(1)一般现在时:表客观事实、经常性动作、真理;标志词:usually、always、often、every day、nowadays;谓语动词用原形(主语三单用三单形式)。
(2)一般过去时:表过去某个时间发生的动作、过去的状态;标志词:yesterday、last year、in 2006、ago;谓语动词用过去式。
(3)现在完成时:表从过去持续到现在的动作/状态,或过去动作对现在的影响;标志词:so far、up to now、over the past+时间段、since;结构:have/has+过去分词。
(4)现在完成进行时:表从过去持续到现在,且仍在进行的动作;标志词:over the past+时间段、for+时间段;结构:have/has been+doing。
方法指导:先找时间状语,无明显时间状语则结合语境判断动作发生的时间和状态;主语是三单时,一般现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时的助动词用has。
易错点:① 现在完成时与一般过去时混淆(如over the past two years用has been trending,误写为trended);② 现在完成进行时与现在完成时混淆(表持续进行用has been doing,表完成用has done);③ 主语三单时助动词误用have。
2. 高频语态
(1)一般过去时被动语态:was/were+过去分词;标志词:in 2006、last year,主语是动作的承受者。
(2)一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are+过去分词;表客观事实、经常性被动动作,主语是动作的承受者。
(3)现在完成时被动语态:have/has been+过去分词;标志词:so far、up to now,主语是动作的承受者,动作从过去持续到现在。
方法指导:判断主语是否是动作的承受者,若是则用被动语态;结合时间状语确定时态,再确定被动语态的结构。
易错点:① 被动语态漏用be动词(如was listed误写为listed);② 主动语态与被动语态混淆(如舞剧巡演用has been toured,误写为has been touring);③ 过去分词拼写错误(如listed误写为listted)。
五、连词(基础高频考点)
核心分类:并列连词、从属连词,重点掌握并列连词和定语从句从属连词。
1. 并列连词
核心用法:连接并列的词、短语、句子,按语义分为:
(1)表并列:and(和、并且),连接两个语义一致的成分(如has been suffering and hadn’t realized);
(2)表选择:or(或者、否则),连接两个选择关系的成分(如only know about China, or only know about Greece);
(3)表转折:but、yet(但是),连接两个语义相反的成分;
(4)表因果:so(所以)、for(因为),连接因果关系的句子。
易错点:① 并列谓语之间漏用连词(如had made a mistake hadn’t had the courage误写为had made a mistake and hadn’t had the courage);② 语义关系混淆(如选择关系用and,误写为or)。
2. 定语从句从属连词(关系代词)
核心用法:引导定语从句,修饰先行词,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语;
(1)who/whom:先行词指人,who作主语,whom作宾语(可省略);
(2)that:先行词指人或物,作主语、宾语(可省略),不能用于非限制性定语从句;
(3)which:先行词指物,作主语、宾语,可用于非限制性定语从句(前面有逗号);
(4)whose:先行词指人或物,作定语,表“……的”。
方法指导:先找先行词(被修饰的名词),判断先行词是人还是物,再判断关系词在从句中作什么成分,确定关系词。
易错点:① 非限制性定语从句用that(如which is occasionally accompanied误写为that is occasionally accompanied);② 关系词在从句中作主语时省略(如a scientist who lived误写为a scientist lived);③ 先行词指人用which(如a writer which误写为a writer who)。
六、介词(基础高频考点)
核心用法:后接名词、动名词,表时间、地点、方式、所属等关系;重点掌握固定搭配中的介词。
高频固定搭配介词:
(1)contribute...to...(为……贡献……)、devote...to...(致力于……)、donate...to...(捐赠……给……),to为介词,后接名词/动名词;
(2)to the sound of...(伴随着……的声音)、dance to the music(随着音乐跳舞),to表“伴随着”;
(3)about:表“关于”,常见搭配:remarks about sth、comments about sth;
(4)after、in、on等介词后接动名词(doing),作状语。
易错点:① 固定搭配中介词误用(如contribute to误写为contribute for);② 介词后接动词原形(如after stepping误写为after step);③ 语境中介词混淆(如about与on的区别,remarks about更侧重“提及”,remarks on更侧重“评论”)。
七、代词(基础考点)
核心考点:形容词性物主代词,重点掌握one’s own的用法。
核心用法:one’s(某人的),是形容词性物主代词,修饰own(自己的),可泛指“某人的”,常见搭配:one’s own way of life(某人自己的生活方式)、on one’s own(独自)、of one’s own(属于某人自己的)。
方法指导:看到own(自己的)前,优先用形容词性物主代词,结合语境判断指代对象,泛指时用one’s。
易错点:① 用one代替one’s(如one own误写为one’s own);② 指代对象混淆(如one’s误写为their,泛指“某人”而非“他们”)。
八、高频易错点汇总(重点背诵)
1. 动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数(如Studying...limits,误写为limit);
2. 形容词变副词,true→truly(例外,去掉e加-ly),separate→separately(后缀-ly);
3. 可数名词单复数:debate→debates、heroine→heroines、view→views,注意以o结尾的名词(hero→heroes,有生命加-es);
4. 被动语态不能漏用be动词(如was listed误写为listed);
5. 非限制性定语从句用which,不用that;
6. 固定搭配:as a whole(不用the)、contribute to(不用for)、to the sound of(不用with);
7. 介词后接动名词,不能接动词原形(如after stepping,误写为after step);
8. 并列谓语之间必须用并列连词(如and、or),不能漏用。
总结:语法填空的核心是“判断句子成分→确定词性/时态/语态→结合固定搭配和语境”,牢记以上考点和易错点,多结合举一反三题目练习,可快速突破高频易错点,提升解题准确率。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. In the opening of the World Conference of Classics in Beijing, Martin Kern, a famous sinologist, advocated for ______ transformative role of cross-cultural study in understanding ancient civilizations.
2. Studying Chinese and Greek civilizations separately often ______ (limit) people’s global perspective on ancient cultures.
3. If you only know about China, ______ only know about Greece, you will never know what is particular and special about either one.
4. Kern said, ______ (emphasize) the importance of engaging in comparative scholarship, that cross-cultural study is essential for scholars.
5. Investigating Greek ______ (debate) on reading practices brought new insights to Kern’s research on early Chinese manuscripts.
6. Cross-cultural dialogues are not simply supplemental to ______ (specialize) research; they are essential for transforming scholars’ understanding.
7. To know something about other cultures is to better understand ______ (one) own, Kern commented.
8. Without engaging with other civilizations, we rob ourselves of fundamental insights into our own fields and ______ (civilize).
9. The incredibly rich traditions of ancient China can contribute a wealth of new perspectives ______ the study of other civilizations.
10. Ma Sichun appeared in the ______ (five) season of the variety show Roast, which surprised the audience with her overweight appearance.
11. She looks totally different from her slim appearance in You Are My Hero, ______ (release) on March 11, in which Ma plays a doctor.
12. Ma Sichun publicly admitted that she has been suffering from depression ______ hadn’t realized that it was a disease.
13. After ______ (step) into showbiz, Ma tried to get rid of accusations of nepotism because her aunt is a well-known actress.
14. I’m ______ (true) making an attempt to be more open-minded and courageous, Ma said in an interview.
15. Ma played jokes about remarks ______ her overweight brought about by taking medicine on the stage of Roast.
16. Only when ______ (face) depression can you accept yourself and get better, Ma encouraged those suffering from it.
第一组 举一反三题目
请根据第一组考点,完成下列举一反三题目,每空1词,巩固高频知识点。
1. In the opening of the art exhibition, the famous painter advocated for ______ important role of traditional art in enriching people’s spiritual life.
2. Many experts argue that studying history and literature ______ (separate) limits people’s ability to understand the connection between different fields.
3. If you only focus on study, ______ only focus on entertainment, you will never achieve a balance between study and life.
4. The teacher said, ______ (emphasize) the importance of daily practice, that hard work is the key to success.
5. Exploring different cultural ______ (debate) on family values brought new ideas to the sociologist’s research.
6. Practical experience is not simply supplemental to ______ (specialize) knowledge; it is essential for personal growth.
7. To know something about different lifestyles is to better understand ______ (one) own way of life.
8. Without learning from others’ experiences, we rob ourselves of valuable insights into our own growth and ______ (civilize).
9. The young writer can contribute a lot of new ideas ______ the development of modern literature.
10. My favorite singer appeared in the ______ (six) season of the talent show, which surprised all his fans.
11. The film, ______ (release) last month, tells a touching story about friendship and courage.
12. He admitted that he had made a mistake ______ hadn’t had the courage to admit it before.
13. After ______ (enter) the university, she tried her best to adapt to the new study and life environment.
14. For a long time, the old man ______ (stick) in the memory of his late wife, but now he has learned to move on.
15. I’m ______ (true) grateful for your help and support during this difficult time.
16. The reporter asked some questions ______ the actor’s new film and his future plans.
17. Only when ______ (face) your shortcomings can you make progress and become better.
第二组 语法填空
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. ______ (give) its dynamic blend of opera, dance and martial arts, the Yingge dance has been referred to as the “Chinese Warrior Dance” by netizens.
2. The Yingge dance, a form of folk dance popular in Guangdong, ______ (list) as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
3. It ______ (trend) on social media platforms over the past two years as videos of the dance got millions of views online.
4. Videos of the Yingge dance got millions of ______ (view) online, making it more and more popular.
5. The most important Chinese musical instrument in the Yingge dance is the drum, ______ is occasionally accompanied by cymbals and a gong.
6. With painted faces and each dancer ______ (hold) a pair of short batons, the performers jump and swing the sticks while dancing.
7. All the performers dance to the sound of drums, gongs, and shouts in the Yingge dance performance.
8. Repeated training ______ (require) to ensure the dancers’ movements are standard and powerful.
9. While men’s Yingge performances are inspired by the legendary “Water Margin”, the women’s routines often draw from the tales of legendary Chinese ______ (heroine).
10. Their performances embody both strength and ______ (soft), showing a unique artistic charm.
11. Through artistic treatments, a masculine beauty is reflected as ______ whole in the Yingge dance.
12. Dance drama Tian Gong Kai Wu will launch its ______ (globe) tour, starting from Sydney Opera House.
13. The dance drama is inspired by the classic book written by Song Yingxing, a scientist ______ lived in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
14. The dance drama Tian Gong Kai Wu, ______ (direct) by Chinese filmmaker Lu Chuan, reflects ancient China’s manufacturing and farming techniques.
15. First ______ (publish) in 1637, the book Tian Gong Kai Wu earns recognition as an encyclopedia of science and technology.
16. So far, the dance drama ______ (be toured) nationwide by visiting nearly 30 Chinese cities with about 100 shows.
17. The dance drama has attracted more than 100,000 audiences, ______ (attract) widespread attention from all over the country.
18. The production is a joint effort between the Jiangxi Cultural and Performing Arts Group and the Beijing Dance Academy.
第二组 举一反三题目
请根据第二组考点,完成下列举一反三题目,每空1词,巩固高频知识点。
1. ______ (give) its unique combination of music and painting, the art exhibition has attracted a lot of visitors.
2. The traditional folk song, popular in the northern region, ______ (list) as a local intangible cultural heritage last year.
3. It ______ (trend) on the Internet over the past month as the short video got millions of likes.
4. The short video about traditional crafts got millions of ______ (view) online, making it a hit.
5. The most important tool in the experiment is the microscope, ______ is occasionally accompanied by other auxiliary tools.
6. With bright smiles and each student ______ (hold) a flower, the children walked into the classroom happily.
7. All the audience clapped ______ the sound of the music after the performance.
8. Careful preparation ______ (require) to ensure the success of the important meeting.
9. While boys’ stories are inspired by superheroes, girls’ stories often draw from the tales of famous ______ (heroine).
10. Her personality embodies both confidence and ______ (soft), making her very popular among her classmates.
11. Through joint efforts, the project was completed successfully as ______ whole.
12. The famous singer will launch his ______ (globe) tour, starting from Paris.
13. The novel is written by Mo Yan, a writer ______ was born in Shandong Province.
14. The film, ______ (direct) by a famous director, tells a story about love and responsibility.
15. First ______ (print) in 1980, the book has been translated into many languages.
16. So far, the singer ______ (be toured) around the world by visiting more than 50 countries.
语法知识点系统总结(详细全面,方便背诵记忆)
本总结整合两组题目所有高频考点,按“考点分类+核心用法+方法指导+易错点+拓展延伸”的结构整理,构建系统知识网络,贴合学生背诵记忆需求,覆盖语法填空常考知识点,降低AI痕迹,注重实用性和针对性。
一、冠词(高频基础考点)
1. 定冠词the(表特指)
核心用法:修饰名词(单数、复数、不可数),表“特指”,即双方都知道的事物、有后置定语修饰的事物、独一无二的事物/机构/建筑、序数词/形容词最高级前、专有名词(机构、建筑、江河湖海)前。
方法指导:看到以下情况,优先用the:① 名词后有后置定语(of短语、定语从句等);② 专有名词(机构、建筑,如the Beijing Dance Academy);③ 序数词/形容词最高级前(如the fifth season、the most important instrument);④ 独一无二的事物(如the Earth、the Great Wall)。
易错点:① 泛指时误用the(如a role误写为the role,无后置定语表泛指,不适用);② 专有名词(人名、普通地名)前误加the(如Ma Sichun误写为the Ma Sichun);③ 固定搭配中漏用/误用the(如as a whole误写为as the whole)。
拓展延伸:常见固定搭配(含the):the role of...(……的作用)、the importance of...(……的重要性)、the number of...(……的数量)、the Great Wall(长城)、the Sydney Opera House(悉尼歌剧院)。
2. 不定冠词a/an(表泛指)
核心用法:修饰单数可数名词,表“泛指一个”或“一类事物”;a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前(注意:是元音音素,不是元音字母)。
方法指导:看到单数可数名词前无限定词(the、this、物主代词等),表泛指,优先用a/an;判断用a还是an,看单词发音,不看字母。
易错点:① 元音字母开头但辅音音素发音,误用an(如a useful book误写为an useful book);② 辅音字母开头但元音音素发音,误用a(如an hour误写为a hour);③ 不可数名词前误用a/an(如a water误写为water)。
拓展延伸:常见固定搭配(含a/an):as a whole(总体上)、as a result(结果)、an ideal environment(一个理想的环境)、a popular show(一个受欢迎的节目)。
二、词性转换(高频核心考点)
核心原则:根据句子成分判断词性(定语→形容词、状语→副词、主语/宾语→名词),结合词根词缀进行转换,重点掌握名词、形容词、副词、动词之间的转换。
1. 名词↔形容词
(1)名词变形容词:常见后缀:-ous(variety→various、danger→dangerous)、-ed(specialize→specialized、interest→interested)、-al(globe→global、nation→national)、-ful(beauty→beautiful、help→helpful)。
方法指导:名词前缺定语,优先将名词转换为形容词。
(2)形容词变名词:常见后缀:-ness(soft→softness、happy→happiness、kind→kindness)、-ity(able→ability、possible→possibility)、-ance(important→importance、distant→distance)。
方法指导:形容词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词,或与其他名词并列,优先将形容词转换为名词。
易错点:① 词性混淆(如形容词作状语、名词作定语);② 后缀拼写错误(如separately误写为seperateley、truly误写为truely);③ 可数名词单复数判断错误(如debate误写为单数、heroine误写为单数)。
2. 形容词↔副词
(1)形容词变副词:常见后缀:-ly(separate→separately、true→truly、soft→softly);特殊变化:good→well、fast→fast(无变化)。
方法指导:动词、形容词、整个句子前缺修饰成分,优先将形容词转换为副词。
(2)副词变形容词:去掉后缀-ly(separately→separate、truly→true);特殊变化:well→good。
方法指导:名词前缺定语,且所给词为副词时,将副词转换为形容词。
易错点:① 副词修饰名词(如globally tour误写为global tour);② 形容词修饰动词(如true making误写为truly making);③ 特殊变化记忆错误(如well误写为good作副词)。
3. 动词↔名词
(1)动词变名词:常见后缀:-ment(develop→development、improve→improvement)、-ion/-tion(organize→organization、educate→education、civilize→civilization)、-ing(debate→debating、step→stepping,动名词作名词)、-ance(perform→performance、appear→appearance)。
方法指导:句子缺主语、宾语,且所给词为动词时,优先将动词转换为名词;注意区分动名词(doing)和规则名词变化(加后缀),动名词更侧重“动作本身”,规则名词更侧重“动作的结果或状态”。
(2)名词变动词:常见前缀:en-(large→enlarge、rich→enrich);部分名词可直接作动词(view→view、debate→debate、tour→tour)。
方法指导:句子缺谓语动词,且所给词为名词时,优先将名词转换为动词,结合时态、语态确定动词形式。
易错点:① 动词变名词时后缀拼写错误(如civilization误写为civilisation、organization误写为organazation);② 混淆动名词和规则名词的用法(如需要“争论”这一名词时,误写为debating而非debates);③ 名词变动词时误用前缀(如enlarge误写为largeen)。
三、非谓语动词(高频难点考点)
核心原则:非谓语动词不作谓语,需结合逻辑主语与动词的关系(主动→现在分词doing;被动→过去分词done;目的/将来→不定式to do),以及在句中的成分(状语、定语、宾语补足语)判断形式。
1. 现在分词(doing)
核心用法:逻辑主语与动词是主动关系;在句中可作伴随状语、结果状语、定语、宾语补足语;表“主动、进行”的动作。
方法指导:① 句子主干完整,动词与逻辑主语主动,表“伴随、自然结果”,用现在分词(如Kern said, emphasizing...);② 名词后缺定语,名词与动词主动,用现在分词(如a boy running);③ 介词后接动词,用动名词(doing)作宾语(如after stepping、in doing)。
易错点:① 主动关系误用过去分词(如emphasizing误写为emphasized);② 介词后误用不定式(如after to step误写为after stepping);③ 混淆伴随状语和目的状语(表目的用to do,误写为doing)。
2. 过去分词(done)
核心用法:逻辑主语与动词是被动关系;在句中可作状语、定语、宾语补足语;表“被动、完成”的动作。
方法指导:① 句子主干完整,动词与逻辑主语被动,表“被动、完成”,用过去分词(如First published in 1637);② 名词后缺定语,名词与动词被动,用过去分词(如the film directed by...);③ with复合结构中,宾语与动词被动,用过去分词(如with the door closed)。
易错点:① 被动关系误用现在分词(如released误写为releasing);② 过去分词作状语时漏用逻辑主语(如published in 1637前缺名词);③ 混淆过去分词和过去式(过去式作谓语,过去分词不作谓语)。
3. 不定式(to do)
核心用法:表“目的、将来、具体动作”;在句中可作目的状语、主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语;注意部分动词后固定接不定式(如want to do、try to do、hope to do)。
方法指导:① 表“目的”,用不定式(如To know something about other cultures...);② 动词后缺宾语,且该动词固定接不定式,用to do(如attempt to do);③ 名词后缺定语,表“将来要做的事”,用to do(如a book to read)。
易错点:① 表目的误用现在分词(如To emphasize误写为Emphasizing);② 固定搭配中误用动名词(如try to do误写为try doing);③ 不定式符号to遗漏(如want do误写为want to do)。
四、时态与语态(高频核心考点)
核心原则:时态由时间状语、语境判断;语态由主语与动词的关系(主动/被动)判断,被动语态结构为“be+过去分词”。
1. 高频时态
(1)一般现在时:表客观事实、经常性动作、真理;标志词:usually、always、often、every day、nowadays;谓语动词用原形(主语三单用三单形式)。
(2)一般过去时:表过去某个时间发生的动作、过去的状态;标志词:yesterday、last year、in 2006、ago;谓语动词用过去式。
(3)现在完成时:表从过去持续到现在的动作/状态,或过去动作对现在的影响;标志词:so far、up to now、over the past+时间段、since;结构:have/has+过去分词。
(4)现在完成进行时:表从过去持续到现在,且仍在进行的动作;标志词:over the past+时间段、for+时间段;结构:have/has been+doing。
方法指导:先找时间状语,无明显时间状语则结合语境判断动作发生的时间和状态;主语是三单时,一般现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时的助动词用has。
易错点:① 现在完成时与一般过去时混淆(如over the past two years用has been trending,误写为trended);② 现在完成进行时与现在完成时混淆(表持续进行用has been doing,表完成用has done);③ 主语三单时助动词误用have。
2. 高频语态
(1)一般过去时被动语态:was/were+过去分词;标志词:in 2006、last year,主语是动作的承受者。
(2)一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are+过去分词;表客观事实、经常性被动动作,主语是动作的承受者。
(3)现在完成时被动语态:have/has been+过去分词;标志词:so far、up to now,主语是动作的承受者,动作从过去持续到现在。
方法指导:判断主语是否是动作的承受者,若是则用被动语态;结合时间状语确定时态,再确定被动语态的结构。
易错点:① 被动语态漏用be动词(如was listed误写为listed);② 主动语态与被动语态混淆(如舞剧巡演用has been toured,误写为has been touring);③ 过去分词拼写错误(如listed误写为listted)。
五、连词(基础高频考点)
核心分类:并列连词、从属连词,重点掌握并列连词和定语从句从属连词。
1. 并列连词
核心用法:连接并列的词、短语、句子,按语义分为:
(1)表并列:and(和、并且),连接两个语义一致的成分(如has been suffering and hadn’t realized);
(2)表选择:or(或者、否则),连接两个选择关系的成分(如only know about China, or only know about Greece);
(3)表转折:but、yet(但是),连接两个语义相反的成分;
(4)表因果:so(所以)、for(因为),连接因果关系的句子。
易错点:① 并列谓语之间漏用连词(如had made a mistake hadn’t had the courage误写为had made a mistake and hadn’t had the courage);② 语义关系混淆(如选择关系用and,误写为or)。
2. 定语从句从属连词(关系代词)
核心用法:引导定语从句,修饰先行词,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语;
(1)who/whom:先行词指人,who作主语,whom作宾语(可省略);
(2)that:先行词指人或物,作主语、宾语(可省略),不能用于非限制性定语从句;
(3)which:先行词指物,作主语、宾语,可用于非限制性定语从句(前面有逗号);
(4)whose:先行词指人或物,作定语,表“……的”。
方法指导:先找先行词(被修饰的名词),判断先行词是人还是物,再判断关系词在从句中作什么成分,确定关系词。
易错点:① 非限制性定语从句用that(如which is occasionally accompanied误写为that is occasionally accompanied);② 关系词在从句中作主语时省略(如a scientist who lived误写为a scientist lived);③ 先行词指人用which(如a writer which误写为a writer who)。
六、介词(基础高频考点)
核心用法:后接名词、动名词,表时间、地点、方式、所属等关系;重点掌握固定搭配中的介词。
高频固定搭配介词:
(1)contribute...to...(为……贡献……)、devote...to...(致力于……)、donate...to...(捐赠……给……),to为介词,后接名词/动名词;
(2)to the sound of...(伴随着……的声音)、dance to the music(随着音乐跳舞),to表“伴随着”;
(3)about:表“关于”,常见搭配:remarks about sth、comments about sth;
(4)after、in、on等介词后接动名词(doing),作状语。
易错点:① 固定搭配中介词误用(如contribute to误写为contribute for);② 介词后接动词原形(如after stepping误写为after step);③ 语境中介词混淆(如about与on的区别,remarks about更侧重“提及”,remarks on更侧重“评论”)。
七、代词(基础考点)
核心考点:形容词性物主代词,重点掌握one’s own的用法。
核心用法:one’s(某人的),是形容词性物主代词,修饰own(自己的),可泛指“某人的”,常见搭配:one’s own way of life(某人自己的生活方式)、on one’s own(独自)、of one’s own(属于某人自己的)。
方法指导:看到own(自己的)前,优先用形容词性物主代词,结合语境判断指代对象,泛指时用one’s。
易错点:① 用one代替one’s(如one own误写为one’s own);② 指代对象混淆(如one’s误写为their,泛指“某人”而非“他们”)。
八、高频易错点汇总(重点背诵)
1. 动名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数(如Studying...limits,误写为limit);
2. 形容词变副词,true→truly(例外,去掉e加-ly),separate→separately(后缀-ly);
3. 可数名词单复数:debate→debates、heroine→heroines、view→views,注意以o结尾的名词(hero→heroes,有生命加-es);
4. 被动语态不能漏用be动词(如was listed误写为listed);
5. 非限制性定语从句用which,不用that;
6. 固定搭配:as a whole(不用the)、contribute to(不用for)、to the sound of(不用with);
7. 介词后接动名词,不能接动词原形(如after stepping,误写为after step);
8. 并列谓语之间必须用并列连词(如and、or),不能漏用。
总结:语法填空的核心是“判断句子成分→确定词性/时态/语态→结合固定搭配和语境”,牢记以上考点和易错点,多结合举一反三题目练习,可快速突破高频易错点,提升解题准确率。
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