专题一 名词 备战2026年中考英语复习讲义

2026-05-15
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 中考复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 118 KB
发布时间 2026-05-15
更新时间 2026-05-15
作者 💞ღ᭄ꦿ七安࿐
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-05-15
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/57886124.html
价格 2.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

2026 年中考英语专题一名词 一、考纲考情分析 命题点 考查角度 涉及题型 年份及题号 考查词 解题依据 名词 名词词义辨析 完形填空 2025 年 33 题 age/key/time/score 语境 2025 年 37 题 invention/translation/collection/discussion 语境 2025 年 39 题 numbers/lines/letters/shapes 语境 2024 年 41 题 friends/parents/teachers/coaches 语境 2024 年 47 题 ears/eyes/arms/hands 语境 2024 年 48 题 cost/name/date/test 语境 2023 年 42 题 price/time/fun/level 语境 2023 年 47 题 month/week/hour/minute 语境 2023 年 50 题 advice/order/action/interest 语境 2022 年 48 题 cities/countries/towns/villages 语境 2022 年 49 题 choices/reports/reasons/lessons 语境 2021 年 41 题 rules/excuses/facts/examples 语境 2021 年 43 题 doctors/parents/teachers/students 语境 词语运用 2025 年 45 题 turn—turns take turns 2025 年 47 题 month—months twelve months 2024 年 72 题 school—schools different schools 2024 年 76 题 child—children many children 2023 年 76 题 color—colors those bright colors 2022 年 76 题 kind—kinds different kinds 2021 年 77 题 match—matches play matches 打比赛 命题点一 名词词义辨析 河北中考对同类名词辨析的考查涉及语言学习类、地点类、饮食类、称呼类等。对于此类试题,考生应该按照类别来记忆名词,除此之外,可以通过分析语境和逻辑关系确定问题答案。在做不同类名词词义辨析时,要特别注意分析句子语境,找出题目的题干关键处并掌握各选项单词的含义。这样多处下手,进而提升正确率。 常见同类名词列举表 类别 举例 语言学习类 book 书;letter 信;字母;line 线;note 笔记;passage 文章;question 问题;title 标题;story 故事;word 单词;sentence 句子;magazine 杂志;subject 科目;lesson 课程;discussion 讨论 职业类 dancer 舞者;doctor 医生;teacher 老师;painter 画家;singer 歌唱家;writer 作家;driver 司机;police 警察;nurse 护士;astronaut 航天员;athlete 运动员;lawyer 律师 抽象名词 advice 建议;chance 机会;choice 选择;decision 决定;effort 努力;education 教育;health 健康;praise 称赞;promise 承诺;practice 练习;success 成功;secret 秘密;information 信息;news 新闻;space 空间 身体部位类 head 头;eye 眼睛;ear 耳朵;nose 鼻子;hand 手;mouth 嘴;leg 腿;finger 手指;foot 脚 电子产品类 printer 打印机;radio 收音机;player 播放器;camera 照相机;computer 电脑;phone 电话 饮食类 ice 冰;salt 盐;sugar 糖;soup 汤;porridge 粥;coffee 咖啡;potato 土豆;egg 鸡蛋;pie 馅饼;派;candy 糖果;pear 梨;banana 香蕉;beef 牛肉;noodle 面条;dumpling 饺子;tomato 西红柿;peach 桃子 常见的不同类名词 activity 活动;advice 建议;attention 注意;athlete 运动员;achievement 成就;balance 平衡;bottom 底部;business 商业;生意;challenge 挑战;chance 机会;change 变化;collection 收集 (物);choice 选择;contribution 贡献;cause 原因;custom 风俗;courage 勇气;competition 比赛;竞争;creativity 创造力;decision 决定;design 设计;difference 不同;discussion 讨论;duty 责任;义务;distance 距离;description 描述;director 导演;development 发展;education 教育;effort 努力;energy 能量;精力;experiment 实验;expression 表达;environment 环境;excuse 借口;experience 经验;经历;feeling 感觉;fun 乐趣;friendship 友谊;habit 习惯;hobby 业余爱好;honor 荣誉;information 信息;interest 兴趣;importance 重要;invention 发明;invitation 邀请;influence 影响力;interview 面试;访谈;instruction 说明;指示;idea 主意;offer 提议;opinion 意见;opportunity 机会;organization 机构;组织;protection 保护;praise 表扬;patient 病人;progress 进步;problem 问题;promise 承诺;pride 骄傲;picture 图片;purpose 目的;practice 练习;reason 理由;原因;relation 关系;result 结果;report 报告;research 研究;调查;rest 休息;service 服务;shape 形状;外形;stranger 陌生人;sight 视力;景象;style 样式;风格;success 成功;suggestion 建议;support 支持;sense 感觉;symbol 象征;secret 秘密;sleep 睡眠;technology 技术;tourist 游客;tradition 传统;traffic 车辆;交通;trouble 困难;time 时间;voice 声音;volunteer 志愿者;visitor 游客;value 价值 命题点二 名词的数 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词分单数和复数两种形式。可数名词能用基数词和不定冠词修饰。不可数名词没有复数形式,不能使用基数词和不定冠词直接修饰。可以选择相应的形容词进行修饰,如 much、a little、a pair of 等。 1. 可数名词单数变复数的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加 - s room—rooms 房间 — 房间们;apple—apples 苹果 — 苹果们 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词 加 - es bus—buses 公共汽车 — 公共汽车们;box—boxes 盒子 — 盒子们;match—matches 比赛 / 火柴 — 比赛 / 火柴;watch—watches 手表 / 观看 — 手表;brush—brushes 刷子 — 刷子;dish—dishes 盘子 / 菜肴 — 盘子;glass—glasses 玻璃杯 / 眼镜 — 玻璃杯;class—classes 班级 — 班级;fox—foxes 狐狸 — 狐狸;boss—bosses 老板 — 老板;kiss—kisses 吻 — 吻 特殊特例 stomach—stomachs 胃 / 腹部 — 胃 / 腹部 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词 变 y 为 i,再加 - es city—cities 城市 — 城市;country—countries 国家 — 国家;family—families 家庭 — 家庭;factory—factories 工厂 — 工厂;library—libraries 图书馆 — 图书馆;baby—babies 婴儿 — 婴儿;lady—ladies 女士 — 女士 特例(元音字母 + y,直接加 - s 不变 y) boy—boys 男孩 — 男孩;day—days 日子 — 日子;monkey—monkeys 猴子 — 猴子;holiday—holidays 假期 — 假期;toy—toys 玩具 — 玩具;key—keys 钥匙 — 钥匙;way—ways 道路 — 道路 以 o 结尾的词 加 - es 或 - s hero—heroes 英雄 — 英雄;tomato—tomatoes 西红柿 — 西红柿;potato—potatoes 土豆 — 土豆;photo—photos 照片 — 照片;zoo—zoos 动物园 — 动物园;radio—radios 收音机 — 收音机;piano—pianos 钢琴 — 钢琴;kangaroo—kangaroos 袋鼠 — 袋鼠 以 f (e) 结尾的词 变 f (e) 为 v 再加 - es wife—wives 妻子 — 妻子;knife—knives 小刀 — 小刀;leaf—leaves 树叶 — 树叶;half—halves 一半 — 一半;shelf—shelves 架子 — 架子;wolf—wolves 狼 — 狼;thief—thieves 小偷 — 小偷;life—lives 生命 / 生活 — 生命 / 生活;self—selves 自己 — 自己;loaf—loaves 一条面包 — 一条面包 记忆口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得把命藏;树叶架子半片饼,自身一 一记心上。 特例(f/fe 结尾直接加 s,不变 v) roof—roofs 屋顶 — 屋顶;belief—beliefs 信念 — 信念;proof—proofs 证据 — 证据;chief—chiefs 首领 — 首领;gulf—gulfs 海湾 — 海湾 不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot—feet 脚 — 双脚;tooth—teeth 牙齿 — 牙齿;goose—geese 鹅 — 鹅; 单复数同形 Chinese中国人/Japanese日本人/sheep绵羊/deer鹿/fish鱼 其他形式 mouse—mice老鼠 — 老鼠们/child—children孩子 — 孩子们 变词尾的 man/woman man—men/woman—women;Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman— Frenchmen;policewoman—policewomen 知识拓展 (1) 有些名词本身即是复数形式,一般不用作单数。如:shorts 短裤;pants 长裤;glasses 眼镜;trousers 裤子;scissors 剪刀;jeans 牛仔裤;socks 短袜;gloves 手套;shoes 鞋子 a pair of shoes 一双鞋; two pairs of shoes 两双鞋 (2) 集体名词视为整体时作单数看待,视为成员时作复数看待。 Tom’s family is big. 汤姆的家庭是个大家庭。 Tom’s family are watching TV now. 汤姆一家人现在正在看电视。 (3) 可数名词复数用 some, any, many, (a) few, a lot of /lots of, plenty of, a number of 修饰。 (4) 有些集体名词表示复数意义,如:people, police, class, group 2. 不可数名词 (1) 常见的不可数名词 类别 例词 液体类 water 水;milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;orange 橙汁;coffee 咖啡;tea 茶;rain 雨水;wine 葡萄酒 肉类 meat 肉;fish 鱼肉;chicken 鸡肉;beef 牛肉;pork 猪肉 语言类 Chinese 中国人 / 汉语;Japanese 日本人 / 日语;English 英国人 / 英语;French 法国人 / 法语;German 德国人 / 德语 材料类 paper 纸;glass 玻璃;silk 丝绸;gold 金子;cotton 棉花;wood 木头;plastic 塑料 颗粒类 sand 沙子;sugar 糖;salt 盐 其他类 snow 雪;ice 冰;weather 天气;money 钱;homework 家庭作业;housework 家务劳动;information 信息;rubbish 垃圾;news 新闻;fun 乐趣;progress 进步;advice 建议 (2) 不可数名词的特点 ①不可数名词只有单数形式,没有复数形式。 ②不可数名词不能被基数词和不定冠词 (a/an) 直接修饰。若表示数量,可用 “数词+表计量的名词+of+不可数名词” 的结构。 a piece of paper 一张纸; two pieces of paper 两张纸 (3) 不可数名词的修饰语:some, any, much, (a) little, a lot of = lots of, plenty of, a bit of 3. 既是可数又是不可数的名词 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 单词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义 fish 鱼 鱼肉 experience 经历 经验 chicken 鸡 鸡肉 exercise 练习 锻炼 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 fruit 各种水果 水果 work 作品 工作 food 各种食物 食物 room 房间 空间 paper 试卷;论文 纸 time 次;回 时间 light 灯 光 命题点三 名词所有格 1. 名词所有格的定义和形式 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。形式为 “’s” 和 “of ”,意为 “…… 的”。 This is Mary’s book. 这是玛丽的书。 Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 考点 2 名词所有格 名词所有格主要表示名词与名词之间的关系,即被修饰的名词与修饰它的名词之间的所属关系。 's 所有格:有生命的单数名词(the girl's schoolbag);不以 s 结尾的复数名词(a children's hospital);表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加(Tom and Peter's);表示各自拥有,在每个名词后加;表示时间、距离、重量、价值、天体、家等;以 s 结尾的复数名词(the teachers' office) of 所有格:一般用于表示无生命事物的所有关系(the window of the house) 二、名词构词法变形归类 1. 动词→名词 后缀 例词 答案 -er/-or report—, act—, visit—, invent—, compete— reporter 记者;actor 演员;visitor 游客;inventor 发明家;competitor 竞争者,选手 -ion protect;suggest;pollute;communicate;prepare;imagine;invite;pronounce;decide;educate;act;direct;introduce;invent;create;attract;collect ;discuss protection 保护;suggestion 建议;pollution 污染;communication 交流;preparation 准备;imagination 想象;invitation 邀请;pronunciation 发音;decision 决定;education 教育;action 行动;direction 方向;introduction 介绍;invention 发明;creation 创造;attraction 吸引力;collection 收藏 ; discussion 讨论 -ment agree—, improve—, develop—, achieve—, manage—, argue— agreement 同意;improvement 改善;development 发展;achievement 成就;management 管理;argument 争吵 -ance/ence perform—, appear—, depend— performance 表演;appearance 外貌;dependence 依赖 -ing feel—, train—, begin— feeling 感觉;training 训练;beginning 开始 其他 die—, fly—, choose—, weigh—, discover—succeed—, advise—, please—, fail—, serve— death 死亡;flight 飞行;choice 选择;weight 重量;discovery 发现;success 成功;advice 建议;pleasure 愉快;failure 失败;service 服务 2. 形容词→名词 后缀 例词 答案 -y/-ty/-ity difficult— honest—, safe—, electric—, creative—, able—, responsible— difficulty 困难;honesty 诚实;safety 安全;electricity 电;creativity 创造力;ability 能力;responsibility 责任 -ness shy—, sad—, kind— happy— shyness 害羞;sadness 悲伤;kindness 善良;happiness 幸福 -ance/-ence different;important;silent;patient;distant;absent;excellent;independent difference 差异;importance 重要性;silence 沉默;patience 耐心;distance 距离;absence 缺席;excellence 优秀;independence 独立 -th true— warm— strong—young—dead— truth 真相;warmth 温暖;strength 力量;youth 青春;death 死亡 -er teenage—, strange— teenager 青少年;stranger 陌生人 其他 high—, wise—, free— height 高度;wisdom 智慧;freedom 自由 3. 名词→名词 后缀 例词 答案 -an/-ian America;India;Canada;Australia;Russia;Asia;Europe;music; library American 美国人 / 美国的;Indian 印度人 / 印度的;Canadian 加拿大人 / 加拿大的;Australian 澳大利亚人 / 澳大利亚的;Russian 俄罗斯人 / 俄语;Asian 亚洲人 / 亚洲的;European 欧洲人 / 欧洲的;musician 音乐家;librarian 图书管理员 -ist art;tour;piano;science;violin;biology;chemistry;physics artist 艺术家;tourist 游客;pianist 钢琴家;scientist 科学家;violinist 小提琴家;biologist 生物学家;chemist 化学家;physicist 物理学家 -ship friend;relation; friendship 友谊;relationship 关系 -hood child;neighbor;boy;girl childhood 童年;neighborhood 街区 / 社区;boyhood 少年时代;girlhood 少女时代 -er/r office;village;farm; officer 官员 / 军官;villager 村民;farmer 农民; 一、 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. After a two-week training, I became more skilled and got closer to them day by day. I also received much___________(please) when playing with them. 2.—What did you do in class this morning, Sally? —We had a ___________(discuss) about Chinese culture. 3.Amy is my best friend. She’s always there to be a good ___________(listen). 4.He draws a picture beside the poem to help show the___________(mean) of the Chinese poem. 5.When Dave goes back home from school, his dog always greets him at the door with ___________(excite). 6.The ___________(connect) between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. 7.There aren’t any ___________(different) between the teen mode and the normal mode in some apps. 8.“There is a ___________(possible) that a lot of communication is happening,” Professor Hadany said, “because other plants can probably hear the call of the stressed plants.” 9.“Don’t you like it, Danny?”our teacher Mr. Sims asked with ___________(kind). 10.Tourists can see many western-style ___________(build) in Shanghai Disneyland. 11.The ___________(invent) of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-cutting, but it was very useful in our daily life. 12.Cassie loves chocolate so much. That explains why it’s hard for her to lose ___________(weigh). 13.I would like some apple ___________(juice). I am very thirsty. 14.He gave me some ___________(advice) to help me learn English. 15.He asked for ___________(week) leave to look after his sick mother. 16.When spring comes,flowers and ___________(leaf) begin to show their beauty to nature. 17.Some parents often tell their kids not to believe ___________(stranger) words. 18.I like playing the piano and singing songs,and my dream is to be a ___________(music) in the future. 二、 链接中考 (2025・河北中考 47 题 1 分) Over the past twelve ___________(month),there have been many difficult things in our family. (2025・河北中考 45 题 1 分) We take ___________(turn) to read the “Good Things” aloud. (2025・甘肃白银中考) Qian Xuesen,father of China’s space program,is one of the greatest ___________(scientist) in the world. (2025・四川达州中考)—Who left a notebook in the English club?—It’s not ___________(I). Maybe it’s ___________(Jack). (2025・黑龙江绥化中考) They all think my eyes look bigger than ___________( my brother). 三、短文填空 (一) Hi! I’m Alex Greenall. I’m thirteen and I go to Park School in Oxford, England. I go to school on 1. ___________(weekday), but not on Saturday or Sunday. This is my school day. I get up at seven in the morning,2. ___________ then have breakfast. I go to school at half past eight. We start work at nine o’clock. We have three 3. ___________(lesson) in the morning. Art and Chinese are my favourite 4.___________(subject).At eleven o’clock, we have 5. ___________ break in the playground and I talk to my friends. They go to the playground and play football, but I don’t like football.We have lunch in the dining hall at half past twelve. I like school lunch! We have meat and rice with 6. ___________(vegetable), or hamburgers. After lunch, I enjoy drinking juice or 7. ___________(milk). And my best friend James likes water. We start classes in the afternoon at half past one. We have two classes in the afternoon. Then we go to different 8.___________(library) to read books at half past three. We go home at half past five. In the evening, I watch TV and have dinner 9.___________ my family. I do my 10.___________(homework) and then go to bed at ten o’clock. (二) As a key part of Chinese culture, the Spring Festival is one of the most important 1. ___________(festival) of China. It is also known as the Chinese New Year because it celebrates the 2. ___________(begin) of new life. At the start of the first week of the New Year, people visit 3. ___________(friend) and relatives. The second week ends with the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth 4. ___________(day) of the month. The first day of the Spring Festival is always special. 5.___________(family) get together and have a big meal. The table is filled with all 6. ___________(kind) of delicious food.At the festival, we often wear red clothes and hang red lanterns happily. Why are these things red? There is a story about it. Long ago, there was a monster in China. People called it Nian. Every New 7. ___________(year) Eve, it came out to eat 8. ___________(animal) and even people, so people in the village hid in the mountains. At last, an old man in red drove the monster away with red lanterns. Now people like red things at the festival, believing that they will bring good luck in the coming year. The red lanterns and clothes not only keep the bad luck away but also add 9. ___________(happy) to the festival, making every moment full of 10. (warm) and joy. (三) Country music was the folk music of the American countryside. Many of the songs tell about the 1. ___________(farmer) lives. They talk about love, crops or 2. ___________(die). The life in the countryside can be hard, so the 3. ___________(word) in country music are often sad. At first, people played music only at family 4. ___________(party). But it became more popular later. In the 1920s, people played country songs on the radio, and they made them into records. When people in the countryside moved to towns and 5.___________(city) to look for work, they took their music with them. In this way, country music became popular across America. 答案: 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.pleasure;2. discussion;3. listener;4. meaning;5. excitement;6. connection;7. differences;8. possibility;9. kindness;10. buildings;11. invention;12. weight;13. juice;14. advice;15. weeks’;16. leaves;17. strangers’;18. musician 二、链接中考 1.months;2. turns;3. scientists;4. mine;Jack’s;5. my brother’s 三、短文填空 (一) 1.weekdays;2. and;3. lessons;4. subjects;5. a;6. vegetables;7. milk;8. libraries;9. with;10. homework (二) 1.festivals;2. beginning;3. friends;4. day;5. Families;6. kinds;7. Year’s;8. animals;9. happiness;10. warmth (三) 1.farmers’;2. death;3. words;4. parties;5. cities 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题一 名词 备战2026年中考英语复习讲义
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