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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of ______ jumped to over 100 from 30-plus when he first came to the area.
2. The wetland provides ______ ideal living environment for whooper swans, which has become a popular place for photography lovers ______ (hang) about in autumn.
3. Known as the “kidneys of the Earth,” wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope ______ climate change effectively with their unique ecological functions.
4. China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine ______ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
5. During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), ______ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being globally.
6. China plans to leverage the role of wetlands in promoting ______ (sustain) development, tackling climate change and protecting biodiversity for all people around the world.
7. Through a series of ecological protection actions, China ______ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving humans’ living environment so far.
8. Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said China is contributing more wisdom and solutions to ______ (build) a community of all life on Earth.
9. It is common that more and more high school students open ______ (them) own micro blogs on the Internet to show their talents and release pressure.
10. For one thing, micro blogs can provide a colorful platform to show students’ talent; for another, they are a useful way ______ (reduce) their study pressure.
11. Many parents and teachers hold a different view that managing one’s micro blog ______ (take) a lot of time and energy that should be used to study.
12. In my view, I am ______ (great) in favor of opening micro blogs, as the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our modern life.
13. As high school students of the Information Age, we need to learn to make use of this ______ (value) tool to communicate and display ourselves better.
14. Opening and organizing micro blogs need various abilities such as writing, designing and ______ (skill) at computer operation.
15. Only if we master those necessary abilities ______ we make a successful micro blog and improve ourselves in the process.
16. In fact, micro blog ______ (it) is of little harm; it is your attitude towards it that really matters.
第一组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第一组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、代词、倒装句等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。(每空1词)
1. Li Ming, a bird lover in Yunnan Province, visits a forest near the Lancang River every spring to see his favorite birds: egrets, the number of ______ increased to 80 from 20 when he first visited the area.
2. The forest provides ______ comfortable living environment for egrets, which is a perfect place for bird watchers ______ (stay) and take photos.
3. Known as the “lungs of the Earth,” forests can help purify the air and cope ______ air pollution with their strong photosynthetic capacity.
4. Our country’s forest protection efforts have shown its sincere ______ (commit) to protecting the ecological environment and maintaining ecological balance.
5. During the 2024 International Forest Protection Conference, ______ (hold) in Chengdu and Canada’s Toronto, our country called for strengthening global cooperation in forest protection.
6. We should make full use of forests in promoting ______ (sustain) development, protecting wild animals and improving people’s living quality.
7. Through years of unremitting efforts, our country ______ (demonstrate) the important role of forests in ecological protection up to now.
8. A famous ecologist said our country is devoting more efforts to ______ (build) a greener and more beautiful world for all mankind.
9. It is common that more and more middle school students set up ______ (them) own WeChat accounts to communicate with friends and share daily life.
10. For one thing, WeChat accounts can offer a convenient platform to make friends; for another, they are an effective way ______ (relieve) study pressure.
11. Many parents worry that using WeChat ______ (take) too much time, which should be spent on studying and exercising.
12. From my perspective, I am ______ (great) in favor of using WeChat properly, as it is an important communication tool in modern society.
13. As teenagers in the Information Age, we need to learn to make good use of this ______ (value) tool to improve our communication ability.
14. Using WeChat properly requires various abilities such as communicating, judging information and ______ (skill) at using various functions.
15. Only if we use WeChat in a rational way ______ we benefit from it and avoid its negative effects.
16. In fact, WeChat ______ (it) is not harmful; it is your usage method that determines its influence on you.
第二组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. Trends come and go as time flies, but few people know about the ______ (fashion) costumes or makeup of the ancient times.
2. You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who ______ (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili, a leading video-sharing platform in China.
3. ______ (Bear) in 1998, Zhu Ruoxuan began sharing her life through videos on Bilibili in 2019, initially focusing on videos showing ancient Chinese makeup.
4. It wasn’t until 2021 ______ she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of ordinary Chinese women’s ______ (appear) from the 1920s to the 2020s.
5. In the video, she imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing their uncertainty in the 1920s and their helplessness ______ (arise) from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
6. She also showed the confidence ______ female workers in the 1950s after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
7. Despite a lack of formal acting training, Zhu studied women in old photos and movies ______ (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy.
8. Over time, Zhu’s videos have shifted to an even ______ (great) focus on women, exploring other changes in women’s images from the past to the present.
9. A gold-buying trend is growing in China, and this time it’s young people ______ are leading the way in this trend.
10. Instead of buying big gold bars like older generations, many Gen Zers are choosing “gold beans” — tiny pieces of gold ______ (shape) like lucky symbols such as fish or coins.
11. ______ makes these gold beans particularly appealing is that they cost about 550-750 yuan per gram, making them affordable ______ (collect) slowly.
12. On social media, people share photos of glass jars filled with these gold beans, turning saving money into a fun ______ (challenge) for young people.
13. Gold is no longer seen ______ old-fashioned, as many brands are mixing traditional designs with modern styles to attract young consumers.
14. Gold prices recently hit $2,450 per ounce in June 2024, breaking ______ (history) records in the global gold market.
15. China’s central bank has added gold to its ______ (reserve), with total holdings exceeding 2,300 tons by the end of 2024.
16. Surveys show 68% of new gold investors in 2024 ______ (age) 25-34, and most of them buy gold for wealth preservation and cultural pride.
第二组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第二组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、主语从句、强调句等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。(每空1词)
1. Fashions change quickly in modern society, but many people are curious about the ______ (fashion) clothes and hairstyles of the 1980s.
2. You can find some information from the videos made by Li Hua, who ______ (name) one of the most popular video creators in March by Douyin, a famous short-video platform in China.
3. ______ (Bear) in 2000, Li Hua started sharing her daily life through short videos on Douyin in 2022, focusing on videos about retro fashion.
4. It wasn’t until 2023 ______ she became well-known thanks to a video showing the evolution of young people’s ______ (appear) from the 1990s to the 2020s.
5. In the video, she copied the dressing styles of young people from different years, showing their enthusiasm in the 1990s and their confusion ______ (arise) from the rapid social changes.
6. She also displayed the courage ______ young people in the 2000s when facing difficulties in study and work.
7. Although she has no professional training in fashion design, Li Hua studied old magazines and TV programs ______ (copy) the dressing styles of that era.
8. As time goes by, Li Hua’s videos have shifted to an even ______ (great) focus on retro culture, exploring the changes of fashion over the years.
9. A fitness trend is becoming popular among young people, and this time it’s college students ______ are leading this trend.
10. Instead of going to the gym like middle-aged people, many college students are choosing small fitness tools — tiny equipment ______ (shape) like dumbbells or skipping ropes.
11. ______ makes these fitness tools particularly popular is that they are cheap and easy to use, making them affordable ______ (buy) for college students.
12. On social media, students share photos of their fitness tools, turning working out into a fun ______ (challenge) among their peers.
13. Fitness is no longer seen ______ boring, as many young people are combining fitness with music to make it more interesting.
14. Fitness equipment sales recently hit a new high in 2024, breaking ______ (history) records in the domestic market.
15. Many gyms have added new fitness equipment to their ______ (reserve), with the total number exceeding 10,000 sets by the end of 2024.
16. Surveys show 72% of new fitness enthusiasts in 2024 ______ (age) 18-25, and most of them work out for health and body shaping.
语法知识点汇总(系统详细版·适配新题)
本汇总整合两组新题所有高频考点,分模块详细解析,结合新题例题、易错点和方法技巧,补充更多延伸知识,帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络,兼顾基础性和实用性,避免机械记忆,提升灵活运用能力,降低AI感,贴合学生学习实际,每个知识点均结合本次新题,确保针对性和实用性。
一、词性转换(核心高频考点,占比最高)
词性转换是语法填空的重中之重,核心是根据句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语)判断所需词性,再进行相应转换,无需死记硬背所有转换,重点掌握“句子成分→词性”的对应关系,结合语境和常见后缀灵活判断,常见转换类型、方法及延伸知识如下,结合本次新题逐一拆解:
1. 名词→形容词(作定语、表语)
核心用法:名词通过加后缀(如-able、-ous、-y、-ful等)转换为形容词,多作定语(修饰名词)或表语(跟在系动词后),结合语境判断后缀含义,确保语义通顺。
新题例题1:Trends come and go as time flies, but few people know about the ______ (fashion) costumes or makeup of the ancient times.(答案:fashionable,名词fashion→形容词fashionable,作定语修饰costumes和makeup,表“时尚的”)
新题例题2:As high school students of the Information Age, we need to learn to make use of this ______ (value) tool to communicate and display ourselves better.(答案:valuable,名词value→形容词valuable,作定语修饰tool,表“有价值的”)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
fashion(名词,时尚)→ fashionable(形容词,时尚的);value(名词,价值)→ valuable(形容词,有价值的);history(名词,历史)→ historical(形容词,历史的);commit(动词,承诺)→ committed(形容词,坚定的);sustain(动词,维持)→ sustainable(形容词,可持续的)
补充常见转换(延伸):
danger(名词,危险)→ dangerous(形容词,危险的);beauty(名词,美丽)→ beautiful(形容词,美丽的);honor(名词,荣誉)→ honorable(形容词,光荣的);comfort(名词,舒适)→ comfortable(形容词,舒适的)
方法技巧:看到名词前有冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)、形容词(如great、little)修饰,且该名词在句中作主语、宾语时,前面的修饰词优先考虑名词变形容词;系动词(is、was、are、look、seem、become等)后,优先考虑名词/动词变形容词作表语。
易错点:
① 混淆名词与形容词的用法,如fashion(名词)不能直接作定语,必须转换为fashionable;value(名词)不能修饰tool,必须转换为valuable;
② 后缀拼写错误,如fashionable误写为fashional,valuable误写为valuble,historical误写为historic(二者区别:historical表“历史上的、与历史相关的”,historic表“具有历史意义的”);
③ 选错后缀,如表示“有……价值的、可……的”用-able(value→valuable、fashion→fashionable),表示“多……的”用-ous(danger→dangerous),表示“充满……的”用-ful(beauty→beautiful)。
延伸知识:部分名词可通过加不同后缀,形成不同含义的形容词,如help(名词,帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)、helpless(无助的);use(名词,用途)→ useful(有用的)、useless(无用的);harm(名词,伤害)→ harmful(有害的)、harmless(无害的),这类转换需结合语境判断含义,避免用错。
2. 形容词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ment、-ion、-ity、-ness等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语(跟在动词或介词后),结合语境判断后缀,确保词性与句子成分匹配,重点记忆高频形容词的名词转换。
新题例题1:China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine ______ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(答案:commitment,动词commit→名词commitment,作动词illustrated的宾语,表“承诺”)
新题例题2:It wasn’t until 2021 that she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of ordinary Chinese women’s ______ (appear) from the 1920s to the 2020s.(答案:appearance,动词appear→名词appearance,作介词of的宾语,表“外貌”)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
commit(动词,承诺、致力于)→ commitment(名词,承诺、投入);appear(动词,出现、表现)→ appearance(名词,外貌、外表);challenge(动词,挑战)→ challenge(名词,挑战);great(形容词,极大的)→ greatness(名词,伟大);skill(名词,技能)→ skillfulness(名词,熟练)
补充常见转换(延伸):
happy(形容词,开心的)→ happiness(名词,快乐);kind(形容词,善良的)→ kindness(名词,善良);strong(形容词,强壮的)→ strength(名词,力量);different(形容词,不同的)→ difference(名词,差异);important(形容词,重要的)→ importance(名词,重要性)
方法技巧:动词(如illustrated、show、have、need等)后缺宾语,优先考虑形容词/动词变名词;介词(如of、to、in等)后缺宾语,优先考虑形容词/动词变名词;看到“genuine、sincere、great”等形容词修饰,后面优先接名词。
易错点:
① 动词直接作宾语,如commit(动词)不能作illustrated的宾语,必须转换为commitment;appear(动词)不能作介词of的宾语,必须转换为appearance;
② 后缀拼写错误,如commitment误写为commitement,appearance误写为appearence,happiness误写为happyness;
③ 混淆同源名词的含义,如appear(动词)→ appearance(外貌)、apparition(幻影),需结合语境选择正确的名词形式。
延伸知识:部分动词可直接作名词(即动名词),但与同源名词含义不同,如challenge(动词,挑战)→ challenge(名词,挑战)(同源名词,含义一致);run(动词,跑)→ running(动名词,跑步)(无同源名词,需用动名词作名词);swim(动词,游泳)→ swimming(动名词,游泳),注意区分“同源名词”和“动名词”的用法。
3. 形容词→副词(作状语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ly)转换为副词,多作状语,修饰动词、形容词、介词短语或整个句子,少数副词(如fast、late、hard)无需加-ly,结合语境判断修饰对象,确保语义连贯。
新题例题1:In my view, I am ______ (great) in favor of opening micro blogs, as the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our modern life.(答案:greatly,形容词great→副词greatly,修饰介词短语in favor of,表“非常”)
新题例题2:She studied women in old photos and movies carefully, ______ (great) improving her ability to imitate their expressions.(延伸例题,答案:greatly,形容词great→副词greatly,修饰现在分词improving,表“大大地”)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
great(形容词,极大的)→ greatly(副词,非常、大大地);fashionable(形容词,时尚的)→ fashionably(副词,时尚地);valuable(形容词,有价值的)→ valuably(副词,有价值地);historical(形容词,历史的)→ historically(副词,历史上地);skillful(形容词,擅长的)→ skillfully(副词,擅长地)
补充常见转换(延伸):
quick(形容词,快的)→ quickly(副词,快地);slow(形容词,慢的)→ slowly(副词,慢地);careful(形容词,仔细的)→ carefully(副词,仔细地);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happily(副词,开心地);lucky(形容词,幸运的)→ luckily(副词,幸运地)
方法技巧:看到动词(如improve、study、imitate)、形容词(如important、beautiful)、介词短语(如in favor of、in danger)被修饰,优先考虑形容词变副词;句子开头或结尾,修饰整个句子时,用副词(如luckily、fortunately)。
易错点:
① 形容词直接作状语,如great(形容词)不能修饰in favor of,必须转换为greatly;careful(形容词)不能修饰study,必须转换为carefully;
② 后缀拼写错误,如greatly误写为greately,carefully误写为carefuly,luckily误写为luckyly;
③ 混淆“形容词+ly”与特殊副词,如hard(形容词,硬的;副词,努力地),无需加ly;hardly(副词,几乎不),与hard含义不同;late(形容词,晚的;副词,晚地),lately(副词,最近),含义不同,需注意区分。
延伸知识:部分形容词变副词时,需改变拼写,如true(形容词,真实的)→ truly(副词,真实地),去掉e加ly;terrible(形容词,可怕的)→ terribly(副词,可怕地),以le结尾,去e加y;happy(形容词,开心的)→ happily(副词,开心地),以y结尾,变y为i加ly,这类特殊变化需重点记忆。
4. 动词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:动词通过加后缀(如-ment、-ion、-ing、-ance等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语,其中动名词(doing)也是动词变名词的一种形式,侧重“动作本身”,同源名词(如commit→commitment)侧重“动作的结果或状态”,结合语境选择。
新题例题1:Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said China is contributing more wisdom and solutions to ______ (build) a community of all life on Earth.(答案:building,动词build→动名词building,作介词to的宾语,表“构建”这一动作)
新题例题2:China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine ______ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(答案:commitment,动词commit→同源名词commitment,作宾语,表“承诺”这一状态)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
build(动词,构建)→ building(动名词,构建);commit(动词,承诺)→ commitment(名词,承诺);demonstrate(动词,展示)→ demonstration(名词,展示);sustain(动词,维持)→ sustainability(名词,可持续性);imitate(动词,模仿)→ imitation(名词,模仿)
补充常见转换(延伸):
work(动词,工作)→ work(名词,工作)/ working(动名词,工作);study(动词,学习)→ study(名词,学习)/ studying(动名词,学习);develop(动词,发展)→ development(名词,发展);achieve(动词,实现)→ achievement(名词,成就);communicate(动词,交流)→ communication(名词,交流)
方法技巧:介词后优先用动名词(doing)作宾语(如to、in、of等介词);动词后既可用同源名词,也可用动名词,同源名词侧重“结果、状态”,动名词侧重“动作本身”;动名词还可作主语,表“做某事这件事”。
易错点:
① 介词后接动词原形,如to(介词)后不能接build,必须接building;in后不能接imitate,必须接imitating;
② 混淆动名词与同源名词,如“构建地球生命共同体”侧重动作,用building;“中国的承诺”侧重状态,用commitment;
③ 后缀拼写错误,如demonstration误写为demonstation,communication误写为communicasion。
延伸知识:部分动词的动名词和同源名词含义不同,如learn(动词,学习)→ learning(动名词,学习)、lesson(名词,教训);teach(动词,教)→ teaching(动名词,教学)、teacher(名词,老师),需结合语境选择正确的形式。
二、非谓语动词(高频难点,易错点集中)
非谓语动词是语法填空的难点,核心是“判断逻辑关系(主动/被动)+ 句子成分(定语、状语、宾语等)”,无需死记硬背,重点掌握“非谓语动词类型→用法场景”的对应关系,结合新题逐一拆解,分类型讲解,兼顾方法指导和易错点,帮助学生快速判断。
非谓语动词分为三类:不定式(to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done),核心区别:不定式表“将来、目的、动作未发生”;现在分词表“主动、进行、动作正在发生”;过去分词表“被动、完成、动作已发生”,结合句子成分进一步判断。
1. 不定式(to do)—— 表将来、目的、动作未发生
核心用法:不定式可作目的状语、后置定语、宾语、宾补等,重点掌握3种高频用法,结合新题例题拆解,明确判断方法。
(1)作目的状语:表“为了做某事”,常放在句末,无需用逗号隔开,句子主干有完整的主谓宾,不定式作补充说明,表动作的目的。
新题例题:Despite a lack of formal acting training, Zhu studied women in old photos and movies ______ (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy.(答案:to imitate,不定式作目的状语,表“朱若萱研究老照片和电影,目的是模仿她们的表情”)
方法技巧:看到句子主干完整(主谓宾齐全),后面的动词表“目的、为了”,优先用不定式to do;常见标志:in order to do(为了做)、so as to do(为了做),但so as to do不能放在句首。
易错点:误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表伴随,不表目的),如此处不能写imitating,因为“研究”的目的是“模仿”,不是“研究的同时在模仿”。
(2)作后置定语:修饰名词(多为place、way、chance、method等),表“用于做某事的……”“要做某事的……”,名词与不定式之间是“动宾关系”(即不定式的动作是名词发出的,或名词是不定式的宾语)。
新题例题1:The wetland provides an ideal living environment for whooper swans, which has become a popular place for photography lovers ______ (hang) about in autumn.(答案:to hang,不定式作后置定语,修饰place,表“供摄影爱好者闲逛的地方”,place与hang是动宾关系,即“在地方闲逛”)
新题例题2:For one thing, micro blogs can provide a colorful platform to show students’ talent; for another, they are a useful way ______ (reduce) their study pressure.(答案:to reduce,不定式作后置定语,修饰way,表“减轻压力的方式”,way与reduce是动宾关系,即“用方式减轻压力”)
方法技巧:看到名词(place、way、chance、method、time等)后缺定语,且表“用于做某事、要做某事”,优先用不定式to do;常见搭配:a place to do(做某事的地方)、a way to do(做某事的方式)、a chance to do(做某事的机会)。
易错点:① 误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表主动、进行,此处表“用于做”,需用不定式表目的);② 误写为过去分词done(过去分词表被动,此处名词与不定式是主动的动宾关系,无需被动)。
(3)作宾语/宾补:① 作宾语:跟在部分动词后(如want、hope、decide、plan、try等),表“想要做、计划做”;② 作宾补:构成“make sb do sth”“let sb do sth”“ask sb to do sth”等固定搭配,注意“使役动词(make、let、have)”后接不定式时,省略to,其他动词(ask、tell、want)后接不定式时,保留to。
新题延伸例题1:She decided ______ (learn) more about ancient makeup to improve her video content.(答案:to learn,不定式作宾语,跟在动词decide后,表“决定学习”)
新题延伸例题2:The teacher asked us ______ (finish) the grammar exercises on time.(答案:to finish,不定式作宾补,跟在动词ask后,保留to)
新题延伸例题3:His parents made him ______ (give up) playing games to focus on his study.(答案:give up,不定式作宾补,跟在使役动词make后,省略to)
方法技巧:牢记“接不定式作宾语的动词”和“使役动词+宾补”的用法,结合固定搭配判断;看到“make sth + 形容词 + ______”结构,优先用不定式to do(主动表被动),如新题例题:______ makes these gold beans particularly appealing is that they cost about 550-750 yuan per gram, making them affordable ______ (collect) slowly.(答案:to collect,构成“make sth affordable to do”结构,不定式主动表被动,表“使它们容易被收集”)
易错点:① 使役动词后误加to,如make him to give up(错误),正确为make him give up;② 非使役动词后误省略to,如ask us finish(错误),正确为ask us to finish;③ “make sth + 形容词 + to do”结构中,误写为doing,如affordable collecting(错误),正确为affordable to collect。
2. 现在分词(doing)—— 表主动、进行、动作正在发生
核心用法:现在分词可作后置定语、伴随状语、主语等,重点掌握2种高频用法,核心是“逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系”,即“逻辑主语发出非谓语动词的动作”。
(1)作后置定语:修饰名词,表“主动、进行”,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,名词与现在分词之间是主动关系,即“名词发出现在分词的动作”。
新题例题:In the video, she imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing their uncertainty in the 1920s and their helplessness ______ (arise) from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.(答案:arising,现在分词作后置定语,修饰helplessness,逻辑主语helplessness与arise是主动关系,即“无助产生于抗日战争”,表主动、进行)
方法技巧:看到名词后缺定语,且逻辑主语(名词)与动词是主动关系,优先用现在分词doing;可还原为定语从句,如helplessness arising from... = helplessness which arises from...。
易错点:误写为过去分词done(过去分词表被动,此处helplessness是主动产生,并非被产生),如不能写arisen。
(2)作伴随状语:表“伴随动作、同时发生”,句子主干有完整的主谓宾,现在分词作补充说明,逻辑主语是句子的主语,主语与现在分词之间是主动关系,即“主语发出现在分词的动作”。
新题延伸例题:She sat in front of the computer, ______ (edit) the video about ancient makeup.(答案:editing,现在分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语she与edit是主动关系,表“她坐在电脑前,同时在编辑视频”)
方法技巧:看到句子主干完整,后面的动词与主语是主动关系,且表“同时发生的动作”,优先用现在分词doing;伴随状语可放在句末,用逗号与主句隔开。
易错点:① 逻辑主语判断错误,如误将伴随状语的逻辑主语当作宾语,导致用错非谓语动词;② 误写为不定式to do(不定式表目的,不表伴随)。
(3)作主语:动名词(doing)作主语,视为单数,表“做某事这件事”,多放在句首,谓语动词用单数。
新题延伸例题:______ (learn) about ancient costumes is a meaningful way to inherit traditional culture.(答案:Learning,动名词作主语,视为单数,谓语动词用is)
方法技巧:看到句子开头缺少主语,且表“做某事这件事”,优先用动名词doing;动名词作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数,无论后面的名词是单数还是复数。
易错点:误写为不定式to do(不定式也可作主语,但动名词更侧重“习惯性、经常性的动作”,不定式更侧重“一次性、具体的动作”);误写为动词原形,如learn about...(错误),正确为Learning about...。
3. 过去分词(done)—— 表被动、完成、动作已发生
核心用法:过去分词可作后置定语、状语、表语等,重点掌握2种高频用法,核心是“逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系”,即“逻辑主语被非谓语动词的动作支配”。
(1)作后置定语:修饰名词,表“被动、完成”,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,名词与过去分词之间是被动关系,即“名词被非谓语动词的动作支配”,动作已完成。
新题例题1:During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), ______ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being globally.(答案:held,过去分词作后置定语,修饰COP14,逻辑主语COP14与hold是被动关系,即“大会被举办”,动作已完成)
新题例题2:Instead of buying big gold bars like older generations, many Gen Zers are choosing “gold beans” — tiny pieces of gold ______ (shape) like lucky symbols such as fish or coins.(答案:shaped,过去分词作后置定语,修饰gold,逻辑主语gold与shape是被动关系,即“金块被塑造成……形状”,动作已完成)
方法技巧:看到名词后缺定语,且逻辑主语(名词)与动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词done;可还原为定语从句,如COP14 held in... = COP14 which is held in...;gold shaped like... = gold which is shaped like...。
易错点:① 误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表主动,此处名词是被支配的对象,需用被动);② 误写为不定式to do(不定式表将来,此处动作已完成,需用过去分词)。
(2)作状语:表“被动、完成”,逻辑主语是句子的主语,主语与过去分词之间是被动关系,可表时间、条件、让步等含义,常省略逻辑主语和be动词。
新题例题:______ (Bear) in 1998, Zhu Ruoxuan began sharing her life through videos on Bilibili in 2019, initially focusing on videos showing ancient Chinese makeup.(答案:Born,过去分词作状语,逻辑主语Zhu Ruoxuan与bear是被动关系,即“被出生”,表时间,完整形式为As she was born in 1998,省略后为Born in 1998)
方法技巧:看到句首或句末有逗号,且逻辑主语(句子主语)与动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词done;常见特殊过去分词:born(出生)、devoted(致力于)、located(位于),需重点记忆。
易错点:① 误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表主动,此处主语是被出生,需用被动);② 误写为动词原形,如Be born(错误),正确为Born;③ 逻辑主语判断错误,导致用错非谓语动词。
补充延伸:非谓语动词的特殊情况——“独立主格结构”,即非谓语动词有自己的逻辑主语,与句子主语不同,常见形式:逻辑主语 + 非谓语动词,如Weather permitting, we will go for a walk.(天气允许的话,我们会去散步),此处weather是permitting的逻辑主语,与句子主语we不同,需注意区分,这类结构在语法填空中偶尔出现,无需深入掌握,了解即可。
三、时态与语态(基础考点,重点在“标志词+主谓一致”)
时态与语态是语法填空的基础,核心是“根据时间标志词判断时态,根据逻辑关系判断语态(主动/被动)”,结合主谓一致(主语单复数决定谓语单复数),重点掌握4种高频时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时)和被动语态,结合新题逐一拆解,避免机械记忆,掌握判断方法。
1. 高频时态(4种,结合新题标志词)
(1)一般现在时:表“客观事实、经常性、习惯性的动作”,无明确时间标志,或有标志词(always、usually、often、every day、every year等),谓语动词用原形(主语是单数第三人称时,加s/es)。
新题例题:Many parents and teachers hold a different view that managing one’s micro blog ______ (take) a lot of time and energy that should be used to study.(答案:takes,一般现在时,表客观事实,主语managing one’s micro blog是动名词短语,视为单数,谓语动词加s)
方法技巧:无明确过去/将来时间标志,描述客观事实、习惯性动作,优先用一般现在时;主语是单数第三人称(如he、she、it、动名词短语、不定式短语、单数名词),谓语动词加s/es。
易错点:① 主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词未加s/es,如take(错误),正确为takes;② 误写为一般过去时,如took(错误),此处无过去时间标志,表客观事实,用一般现在时。
(2)一般过去时:表“过去某个时间发生的动作、过去的习惯性动作”,有明确时间标志(in January、yesterday、last year、just now、when引导的过去时间状语从句等),谓语动词用过去式。
新题例题:You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who ______ (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili, a leading video-sharing platform in China.(答案:was named,一般过去时的被动语态,时间标志in January,表过去发生的动作,主语与name是被动关系)
方法技巧:看到过去时间标志,优先用一般过去时;谓语动词用过去式(如name→named、do→did、go→went);注意不规则动词的过去式(如eat→ate、see→saw、write→wrote),需重点记忆。
易错点:① 无过去时间标志,误写为一般过去时;② 不规则动词过去式拼写错误,如named误写为nameed;③ 混淆一般过去时与现在完成时(现在完成时需有so far、recently等标志)。
(3)现在完成时:表“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或从过去持续到现在的动作”,有明确标志词(so far、up to now、recently、since、for+时间段等),结构为have/has + 过去分词,主语是单数,用has;复数,用have。
新题例题:Through a series of ecological protection actions, China ______ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving humans’ living environment so far.(答案:has demonstrated,现在完成时,标志词so far,主语China是单数,用has,demonstrate的过去分词是demonstrated)
方法技巧:看到so far、up to now、recently等标志词,优先用现在完成时;注意主语单复数,确定用have还是has;过去分词的正确拼写(规则动词加ed,不规则动词需记忆)。
易错点:① 误写为一般现在时,如demonstrates(错误),与so far表“到目前为止”的含义不符;② 误写为过去完成时,如had demonstrated(错误),过去完成时需搭配by+过去时间点;③ 遗漏have/has,如demonstrated(错误),现在完成时不能缺少助动词;④ 过去分词拼写错误,如demonstrated误写为demonstrated(正确),或written误写为wrote。
(4)一般将来时(延伸,结合新题拓展):表“将来要发生的动作”,标志词(tomorrow、next year、in the future、will、be going to等),结构为will + 动词原形,或be going to + 动词原形。
新题延伸例题:China ______ (continue) to strengthen wetlands conservation efforts in the next five years to protect biodiversity.(答案:will continue,一般将来时,标志词in the next five years,表将来动作)
方法技巧:看到将来时间标志,优先用一般将来时;will + 动词原形,无论主语单复数,will不变;be going to + 动词原形,be动词随主语单复数变化(am/is/are)。
易错点:误写为一般现在时,如continues(错误),与将来时间标志不符;be going to 误写为be go to,如is go to continue(错误),正确为is going to continue。
2. 被动语态(核心:主动vs被动,结合时态)
核心用法:当主语是动作的承受者(即“被做某事”),用被动语态;结构:be + 过去分词,be动词随时态、主语单复数变化;结合高频时态,重点掌握2种被动语态(一般过去时被动、一般现在时被动)。
(1)一般过去时被动语态:结构was/were + 过去分词,表“过去某个时间被做的动作”,有过去时间标志,主语是单数,用was;复数,用were。
新题例题:You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who ______ (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili.(答案:was named,一般过去时被动,时间标志in January,主语Zhu Ruoxuan是单数,用was,name的过去分词是named)
(2)一般现在时被动语态:结构am/is/are + 过去分词,表“经常性、习惯性的被动动作,或客观事实的被动”,无明确时间标志,主语是单数,用is;复数,用are;I用am。
新题例题:Surveys show 68% of new gold investors in 2024 ______ (age) 25-34, and most of them buy gold for wealth preservation and cultural pride.(答案:are aged,一般现在时被动,表客观调查结果,主语68% of new gold investors是复数,用are,age的过去分词是aged)
方法技巧:判断被动语态的核心的是“主语是否是动作的承受者”,即“主语被做某事”;结合时态标志词,确定be动词的形式(was/were/is/are/have been等);注意过去分词的正确拼写。
易错点:① 主语是动作的发出者,误用被动语态,如China demonstrated...(主动,中国展示……),不能写was demonstrated;② 缺少be动词,如named(错误),正确为was named;③ be动词形式错误,如主语是复数,用was(错误),正确为were;④ 过去分词拼写错误,如aged误写为ageed。
3. 主谓一致(时态的配套考点,必掌握)
核心用法:谓语动词的单复数由主语决定,重点掌握3种高频主语类型的主谓一致,结合新题例题拆解,避免易错点。
(1)动名词短语/不定式短语作主语:视为单数,谓语动词用单数。
新题例题:Many parents and teachers hold a different view that managing one’s micro blog ______ (take) a lot of time and energy.(答案:takes,主语managing one’s micro blog是动名词短语,视为单数,谓语动词加s)
(2)分数/百分数作主语:谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定(名词是单数,谓语用单数;名词是复数,谓语用复数)。
新题例题:Surveys show 68% of new gold investors in 2024 ______ (age) 25-34.(答案:are aged,主语68% of new gold investors,后面的名词investors是复数,谓语动词用are)
(3)“the number of + 复数名词”作主语:视为单数,表“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数;“a number of + 复数名词”作主语:视为复数,表“许多……”,谓语动词用复数。
新题例题:Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of ______ jumped to over 100 from 30-plus.(答案:which,从句主语the number of whooper swans,视为单数,谓语动词jumped用单数)
延伸例题:A number of students ______ (like) using micro blogs to share their daily life.(答案:like,主语a number of students是复数,谓语动词用原形)
方法技巧:牢记“主语类型→谓语单复数”的对应关系,尤其是易混淆的结构(the number of vs a number of、分数/百分数作主语),结合名词的单复数判断谓语形式。
易错点:① 动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用复数,如take(错误),正确为takes;② 混淆the number of与a number of,如the number of students like(错误),正确为the number of students likes;③ 分数/百分数作主语,谓语动词单复数与分数/百分数一致,而非后面的名词,如68% of investor is(错误),正确为68% of investors are。
四、定语从句(高频考点,重点在“关系词的选择”)
定语从句是复合句的核心,核心是“找到先行词(被修饰的名词/代词)→ 判断先行词在从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语)→ 选择对应的关系词”,无需死记硬背关系词,重点掌握“先行词类型+从句成分→关系词”的对应关系,结合新题逐一拆解,分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句讲解。
1. 核心概念(基础,必须掌握)
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词(如new题中的whooper swans、young people、micro blog等);
关系词:引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词(who、whom、which、that、whose)和关系副词(when、where、why);
核心判断步骤:① 找先行词;② 分析先行词在从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语);③ 选择关系词(成分决定关系词)。
2. 高频关系代词(重点,结合新题)
关系代词的作用:在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代先行词,重点掌握4种高频关系代词(who、which、that、whose)。
(1)who:先行词是人,在从句中作主语,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
新题延伸例题:The girl ______ is making videos about ancient makeup is Zhu Ruoxuan.(答案:who,先行词the girl是人,在从句中作主语)
(2)which:先行词是物,在从句中作主语或宾语,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(非限制性定语从句中,which不能省略,且前面有逗号)。
新题例题1:Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of ______ jumped to over 100 from 30-plus when he first came to the area.(答案:which,先行词whooper swans是物,在从句中作介词of的宾语,引导非限制性定语从句,前面有逗号)
新题例题2:The wetland provides an ideal living environment for whooper swans, ______ has become a popular place for photography lovers to hang about in autumn.(答案:which,先行词the wetland是物,在从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句)
(3)that:先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语,只能用于限制性定语从句(不能用于非限制性定语从句),作宾语时可省略。
新题例题:A gold-buying trend is growing in China, and this time it’s young people ______ are leading the way in this trend.(答案:that/who,先行词young people是人,在从句中作主语,引导限制性定语从句,可用that或who)
延伸例题:The book ______ I bought yesterday is about ancient costumes.(答案:that/which,先行词the book是物,在从句中作宾语,引导限制性定语从句,可省略that/which)
(4)whose:先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语,表“……的”,可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。
新题延伸例题:The student ______ micro blog is very popular in our school is Li Ming.(答案:whose,先行词the student是人,在从句中作定语,表“这个学生的微博”)
延伸例题:The wetland ______ ecological functions are unique can help cope with climate change.(答案:whose,先行词the wetland是物,在从句中作定语,表“这个湿地的生态功能”)
3. 高频关系副词(基础,结合新题拓展)
关系副词的作用:在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因),指代先行词(时间、地点、原因相关的名词),重点掌握3种关系副词(when、where、why)。
(1)when:先行词是时间(如time、year、day等),在从句中作时间状语,可替换为“介词+which”。
延伸例题:I still remember the day ______ I first watched Zhu Ruoxuan’s video.(答案:when,先行词the day是时间,在从句中作时间状语,可替换为on which)
(2)where:先行词是地点(如place、city、wetland等),在从句中作地点状语,可替换为“介词+which”。
新题延伸例题:The wetland ______ Yang Chunlin visits every October is bordering the Yellow River.(答案:where,先行词the wetland是地点,在从句中作地点状语,可替换为to which)
(3)why:先行词是原因(如reason),在从句中作原因状语,可替换为“for which”,只能用于限制性定语从句。
延伸例题:The reason ______ many young people buy gold beans is that they are affordable.(答案:why,先行词the reason是原因,在从句中作原因状语,可替换为for which)
4. 易错点汇总(结合新题,重点规避)
① 非限制性定语从句中,不能用that,只能用who/which/whose等,如新题例题1中,the number of ______,前面有逗号,是是非限制性定语从句,不能用that,只能用which;
② 介词后不能用that,只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),如新题例题1中,the number of ______,of是介词,后面不能用that,只能用which;
③ 先行词是人,在从句中作宾语时,可用whom/who/that,作主语时,可用who/that,不能用which;
④ 关系词在从句中作宾语时,可省略(限制性定语从句),作主语时,不能省略,如新题例题:A gold-buying trend is growing in China, and this time it’s young people ______ are leading the way in this trend.(关系词在从句中作主语,不能省略);
⑤ 混淆关系代词与关系副词:关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,关系副词在从句中作状语,如先行词是place,从句中作地点状语,用where,不能用which(which作主语/宾语)。
五、冠词(基础考点,重点在“泛指vs特指”)
冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the),核心是“判断泛指还是特指”,结合名词的单复数、发音(元音音素/辅音音素开头),重点掌握2种不定冠词和定冠词的用法,结合新题拆解,避免易错点。
1. 不定冠词(a/an)—— 表泛指,“一个、一类”
核心用法:修饰单数可数名词,表“泛指一个”或“一类事物”;a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前(注意:是元音音素,不是元音字母)。
新题例题:The wetland provides ______ ideal living environment for whooper swans, which has become a popular place for photography lovers to hang about in autumn.(答案:an,ideal发音/ˌaɪˈdiːəl/,元音音素开头,表泛指“一个理想的生存环境”)
延伸例题1:She is ______ fashionable girl who likes ancient makeup.(答案:a,fashionable发音/ˈfæʃnəbl/,辅音音素开头,表泛指“一个时尚的女孩”)
延伸例题2:There is ______ “h” in the word “historical”.(答案:an,h发音/eɪtʃ/,元音音素开头,表泛指“一个h”)
方法技巧:看到单数可数名词前无限定词(the、this、that、物主代词等),表泛指,优先用a/an;判断用a还是an,看单词的发音(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a),不是看字母。
易错点:① 元音字母开头的单词,误用an,如a apple(错误),正确为an apple;辅音字母开头的单词,误用a,如an book(错误),正确为a book;② 混淆元音音素与元音字母,如h是辅音字母,但发音是元音音素,用an;u是元音字母,但发音是辅音音素(如useful /ˈjuːsfl/),用a;③ 不可数名词前误用a/an,如a water(错误),water是不可数名词,不能用a/an修饰。
2. 定冠词(the)—— 表特指,“这个、那个、这些、那些”
核心用法:修饰名词(单数、复数、不可数),表“特指某一个或某一些事物”,即双方都知道的事物、上文提到过的事物、独一无二的事物、序数词/形容词最高级前等。
新题延伸例题1:Yang Chunlin visits ______ wetland bordering the Yellow River every October.(答案:the,特指“那条靠近黄河的湿地”,双方都知道的事物)
新题延伸例题2:______ number of whooper swans in the wetland has increased to over 100.(答案:The,特指“湿地里大天鹅的数量”,上文提到过whooper swans)
常见用法(结合新题):
① 特指上文提到过的人或事物,如新题中,先提到whooper swans,后面再提到“大天鹅的数量”,用the number of;
② 特指双方都知道的人或事物,如“那条靠近黄河的湿地”,双方都清楚指的是哪条湿地,用the;
③ 序数词、形容词最高级前,如the first meeting(第一次会议)、the most popular video(最受欢迎的视频);
④ 独一无二的事物前,如the Earth(地球)、the Sun(太阳)、the Moon(月亮)。
易错点:① 泛指时误用the,如the ideal living environment(错误),此处表泛指“一个理想的环境”,用an;② 独一无二的事物前漏用the,如Earth(错误),正确为the Earth;③ 序数词、形容词最高级前漏用the,如first meeting(错误),正确为the first meeting。
3. 零冠词(延伸,基础)
核心用法:不需要用冠词的情况,重点掌握3种:① 不可数名词表泛指时,如water、air、music;② 复数名词表泛指时,如students、books、wetlands;③ 专有名词前(人名、地名、节日等),如Zhu Ruoxuan、Qinghai、Spring Festival。
新题延伸例题:Wetlands are known as “______ kidneys of the Earth”.(答案:/,零冠词,复数名词wetlands表泛指,“肾脏”也是泛指,无需用冠词)
易错点:不可数名词表泛指时,误用a/an,如a water(错误),正确为water;专有名词前误用the,如the Zhu Ruoxuan(错误),正确为Zhu Ruoxuan。
六、介词(基础考点,重点在“固定搭配+语境”)
介词的核心是“固定搭配+语境判断”,无需记忆所有介词,重点掌握本次新题中出现的高频介词和固定搭配,结合语境灵活运用,避免机械记忆,结合新题逐一拆解。
1. 新题高频介词及固定搭配(必掌握)
(1)with:高频介词,常见固定搭配:cope with(应对、处理)、deal with(处理)、be filled with(充满)、play with(玩耍)、communicate with(交流)。
新题例题:Known as the “kidneys of the Earth,” wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope ______ climate change effectively with their unique ecological functions.(答案:with,固定搭配cope with,意为“应对气候变化”)
(2)of:高频介词,表“所属关系”,意为“……的”,常见搭配:the number of(……的数量)、the confidence of(……的信心)、the evolution of(……的演变)、a piece of(一块、一片)。
新题例题:She also showed the confidence ______ female workers in the 1950s after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.(答案:of,表“女性工人的信心”,所属关系)
(3)to:高频介词,常见固定搭配:contribute to(为……做贡献)、devote to(致力于)、look forward to(期待)、be used to(习惯于),注意:这些搭配中,to是介词,后面接动名词doing。
新题例题:Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said China is contributing more wisdom and solutions to ______ (build) a community of all life on Earth.(答案:building,固定搭配contribute to,to是介词,接动名词)
(4)as:高频介词,常见固定搭配:be seen as(被看作、被视为)、be regarded as(被认为是)、be considered as(被看作是)、serve as(充当、作为)。
新题例题:Gold is no longer seen ______ old-fashioned, as many brands are mixing traditional designs with modern styles to attract young consumers.(答案:as,固定搭配be seen as,意为“被看作是过时的”)
2. 语境类介词(结合语境判断,无需固定搭配)
核心:根据句子语义,判断介词的含义(如时间、地点、方式、原因等),结合上下文选择合适的介词,重点掌握时间介词、地点介词。
新题延伸例题1:During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), held ______ Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being globally.(答案:in,地点介词,in+城市/国家,表“在武汉和日内瓦”)
新题延伸例题2:Gold prices recently hit $2,450 per ounce ______ June 2024.(答案:in,时间介词,in+月份/年份,表“在2024年6月”)
方法技巧:① 固定搭配类介词:看到相关动词(如cope、contribute、see),直接联想到对应的介词,牢记固定搭配;② 语境类介词:根据句子中的时间、地点、语义,判断介词(如in+大地点、on+具体日期、at+小地点/具体时间点)。
易错点:① 混淆固定搭配中的介词,如cope with误写为cope for,contribute to误写为contribute for;② 介词to与不定式to混淆,如contribute to build(错误),正确为contribute to building(此处to是介词,接动名词);③ 时间、地点介词误用,如in+具体日期(错误),正确为on+具体日期,at+月份(错误),正确为in+月份;④ 漏用介词,如the confidence female workers(错误),正确为the confidence of female workers。
补充延伸:常见语境类介词用法(贴合新题场景):① 时间介词:in+年份/月份/季节(in 2024、in June、in summer);on+具体日期/星期(on June 1st、on Monday);at+具体时间点(at 3 o’clock、at noon);② 地点介词:in+城市/国家/大地点(in Wuhan、in China);on+表面(on the table、on the internet);at+小地点(at school、at the park);③ 方式介词:by+交通工具/方式(by bus、by working hard);with+工具/手段(with a pen、with their own efforts);in+语言/材料(in Chinese、in paper)。
七、代词(基础考点,重点在“代词类型匹配句子成分”)
代词是语法填空的基础考点,核心是“根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、同位语)判断代词类型”,重点掌握3种高频代词(形容词性物主代词、反身代词、人称代词),结合新题例题拆解,避免混淆代词用法,贴合学生学习实际。
1. 形容词性物主代词(作定语,修饰名词)
核心用法:形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、its、our、their),后面必须接名词,表“某人的、某物的”,作定语修饰名词,结合主语或上下文判断指代对象。
新题例题1:It is common that more and more high school students open ______ (them) own micro blogs on the Internet to show their talents and release pressure.(答案:their,形容词性物主代词,指代high school students,修饰名词micro blogs,表“他们自己的微博”)
新题例题2:China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine commitment to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(its,形容词性物主代词,指代China,修饰名词commitment,表“中国的承诺”)
方法技巧:看到名词前缺定语,且需要表示“某人的、某物的”,优先用形容词性物主代词;结合主语的人称和单复数,确定对应的物主代词(如主语是复数students,用their;主语是单数China,用its)。
易错点:① 误用名词性物主代词(如theirs、its)修饰名词,如theirs micro blogs(错误),正确为their micro blogs;② 误用人称代词主格(如they、it)作定语,如they own micro blogs(错误),正确为their own micro blogs;③ 物主代词单复数与主语不一致,如student→their(错误),正确为student→his/her。
2. 反身代词(作同位语、宾语,表“自身”)
核心用法:反身代词(myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves),可作同位语(强调名词本身)、宾语(动作作用于自身),结合指代对象的人称和单复数选择。
新题例题:In fact, micro blog ______ (it) is of little harm; it is your attitude towards it that really matters.(答案:itself,反身代词作同位语,指代micro blog,强调“微博本身”)
延伸例题1:She taught herself ancient makeup skills to make better videos.(herself,反身代词作宾语,表“她教自己”,动作作用于自身)
延伸例题2:We should improve ourselves through continuous learning.(ourselves,反身代词作宾语,指代we,表“提升我们自己”)
方法技巧:看到名词后需要强调“本身”,用反身代词作同位语;看到动词后接宾语,且宾语与主语是同一对象,用反身代词作宾语;结合指代对象(人/物、单数/复数)选择对应的反身代词(如micro blog→itself,students→themselves)。
易错点:① 误用人称代词(如it、they)代替反身代词,如micro blog it(错误),正确为micro blog itself;② 反身代词单复数与指代对象不一致,如students→itself(错误),正确为students→themselves;③ 多余使用反身代词,如I myself think(错误),可简化为I think,反身代词仅在需要强调时使用。
3. 人称代词(作主语、宾语,表“人/物”)
核心用法:人称代词分为主格(I、you、he、she、it、we、they)和宾格(me、you、him、her、it、us、them),主格作主语,宾格作宾语(动词、介词后),结合句子成分选择。
新题延伸例题1:______ (she) is a famous video creator who focuses on ancient makeup.(答案:She,主格作主语,指代Zhu Ruoxuan)
新题延伸例题2:Many people like watching videos made by ______ (she).(答案:her,宾格作介词by的宾语,指代Zhu Ruoxuan)
方法技巧:句子开头缺主语,用主格;动词、介词后缺宾语,用宾格;结合指代对象的人称和单复数,选择对应的人称代词。
易错点:① 主格与宾格混淆,如Her is a video creator(错误),正确为She is a video creator;I like she(错误),正确为I like her;② 误用物主代词代替人称代词,如Their are students(错误),正确为They are students。
八、特殊句式(高频难点,重点在“固定结构”)
特殊句式是语法填空的难点,核心是“牢记固定结构,结合语境判断”,重点掌握2种高频特殊句式(强调句、倒装句),结合新题例题拆解,掌握判断标志和用法,避免易错点。
1. 强调句(固定结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他)
核心用法:强调句用于强调句子中的某个成分(主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等),固定结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他;被强调部分是人时,可用who或that;被强调部分是物、时间、地点等时,只能用that;去掉It is/was和that/who,句子仍完整。
新题例题:It wasn’t until 2021 ______ she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of ordinary Chinese women’s appearance from the 1920s to the 2020s.(答案:that,强调句,被强调部分是时间状语until 2021,用that引导,固定结构It wasn’t until...that...)
延伸例题1:It is Zhu Ruoxuan ______ makes videos about ancient makeup.(答案:who/that,被强调部分是人Zhu Ruoxuan,可用who或that)
延伸例题2:It is the wetland ______ provides an ideal living environment for whooper swans.(答案:that,被强调部分是物the wetland,只能用that)
方法技巧:看到句子开头是It is/was + 某个成分 + ______ + 其他部分,且去掉It is/was和空格后的词,句子仍完整,优先判断为强调句,用that(被强调部分非人)或who(被强调部分是人);尤其注意固定结构It wasn’t until...that...(直到……才……),是强调句的特殊形式。
易错点:① 强调句中误用when/where/which代替that,如It wasn’t until 2021 when she...(错误),正确为It wasn’t until 2021 that she...;② 遗漏It is/was或that,导致句子结构不完整;③ 被强调部分是人时,误用which,如It is Zhu Ruoxuan which...(错误),正确为It is Zhu Ruoxuan who/that...。
2. 倒装句(重点:Only if引导的部分倒装)
核心用法:倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装,语法填空中高频考查“Only if引导的部分倒装”,即Only if(只有……才……)引导条件状语从句,位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提前,主语在后);Only if位于句中时,主句不倒装。
新题例题:Only if we master those necessary abilities ______ we make a successful micro blog and improve ourselves in the process.(答案:can,Only if位于句首,主句部分倒装,用情态动词can提前,构成can we make...)
延伸例题1:Only if we work hard ______ we achieve our goals.(答案:can/will,部分倒装,助动词/情态动词提前)
延伸例题2:We can succeed only if we keep trying.(不倒装,Only if位于句中,主句正常语序)
方法技巧:看到Only if位于句首,立即判断主句需部分倒装,将助动词(have/has/do/did)或情态动词(can/will/may)提前,主语放在助动词/情态动词之后;注意:Only if引导的是条件状语从句,从句不倒装,仅主句倒装。
易错点:① Only if位于句首,主句不倒装,如Only if we master...we can make...(错误),正确为Only if we master...can we make...;② 混淆Only if与if only,Only if表“只有……才……”,引导条件状语从句,主句倒装;if only表“要是……就好了”,引导虚拟语气,不倒装;③ 倒装时遗漏助动词/情态动词,如Only if we master...we make...(错误),正确为Only if we master...can we make...。
3. 主语从句(高频延伸,结合新题)
核心用法:主语从句是由引导词(What、That、Whether等)引导的从句,在句中作主语,视为单数,谓语动词用单数;重点掌握What引导的主语从句(在从句中作主语、宾语),That引导的主语从句(在从句中不充当成分,仅起连接作用)。
新题例题:______ makes these gold beans particularly appealing is that they cost about 550-750 yuan per gram, making them affordable to collect slowly.(答案:What,What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表“使这些金豆特别有吸引力的东西”)
延伸例题1:That she likes ancient makeup is known to many people.(That引导主语从句,在从句中不充当成分,仅起连接作用,表“她喜欢古代妆容这件事”)
延伸例题2:What we need is more practice.(What引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,表“我们需要的东西”)
方法技巧:句子开头缺主语,且后面是一个完整的句子(有主谓宾),优先判断为主语从句;从句中缺主语、宾语,用What;从句中不缺成分,用That;注意:What引导的主语从句,谓语动词的单复数根据从句指代的内容判断,通常视为单数。
易错点:① 主语从句中误用That代替What,如That makes these gold beans...(错误),正确为What makes these gold beans...(从句中缺主语,用What);② 主语从句视为复数,谓语动词用复数,如What we need are...(错误),正确为What we need is...;③ 遗漏引导词,如makes these gold beans...is that...(错误),正确为What makes these gold beans...is that...。
九、语法填空解题技巧(系统总结,适配新题)
结合两组新题,整合所有高频考点,总结4步解题技巧,帮助学生快速解题,避免盲目刷题,提升解题效率和准确率,贴合学生学习实际,兼顾方法性和实用性。
第一步:分析句子成分,判断考点类型
拿到题目后,先划分句子主干(主谓宾),判断句子缺少的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语等),结合成分判断考点:① 缺主语/宾语:优先考虑词性转换(动词/名词转换)、代词、主语从句;② 缺谓语:优先考虑时态语态、主谓一致;③ 缺定语:优先考虑词性转换(名词/形容词转换)、非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词)、定语从句;④ 缺状语:优先考虑非谓语动词(不定式/现在分词/过去分词)、介词、副词;⑤ 句子结构特殊:优先考虑强调句、倒装句。
第二步:结合标志词,锁定具体答案
根据考点类型,结合句子中的标志词,快速锁定答案:① 时态:so far、up to now→现在完成时;in January、yesterday→一般过去时;无时间标志→一般现在时;② 非谓语动词:表目的→不定式to do;表主动/进行→现在分词doing;表被动/完成→过去分词done;③ 定语从句:先行词是人→who/that;先行词是物→which/that;非限制性定语从句→which(不用that);④ 介词:看到cope→with;contribute→to;see→as;⑤ 强调句:It is/was...______...→that/who;⑥ 倒装句:Only if位于句首→主句部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提前)。
第三步:验证答案,确保语义连贯、语法正确
填入答案后,通读句子,验证两个核心:① 语法正确:词性、时态、语态、主谓一致、关系词等符合语法规则;② 语义连贯:答案填入后,句子语义通顺,符合上下文语境,无逻辑矛盾;如填入非谓语动词,需验证逻辑关系(主动/被动);填入介词,需验证固定搭配或语境含义;填入代词,需验证指代对象是否正确。
第四步:积累易错点,避免重复犯错
结合本次新题中的易错点,重点积累:① 词性转换的后缀拼写(如commitment、valuable、historical);② 非谓语动词的逻辑关系判断(主动vs被动);③ 时态语态的标志词区分(现在完成时vs一般过去时);④ 定语从句的关系词选择(that不能用于非限制性定语从句);⑤ 介词的固定搭配(cope with、contribute to);⑥ 代词的用法(形容词性物主代词vs名词性物主代词),通过举一反三练习,强化记忆,避免重复犯错。
十、总结与温馨提示
本次语法填空专项练习(新篇·改编版),所有题目均改编自指定文章,侧重长难句和高频考点,配套详细解析和举一反三练习,核心目的是帮助学生摆脱机械刷题,掌握解题方法,构建完整的语法知识网络。
温馨提示:1. 做题时,先抓句子主干,再分析细节,结合考点标志词快速解题,不要盲目猜测;2. 重点掌握“句子成分→考点”的对应关系,灵活运用词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态等核心考点,避免死记硬背;3. 做完题目后,认真研读解析,重点关注易错点和方法技巧,结合举一反三练习,强化知识点的灵活运用;4. 定期总结错题,梳理高频考点和易错点,不断完善自己的语法知识体系,提升语法应用能力。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of ______ jumped to over 100 from 30-plus when he first came to the area.
2. The wetland provides ______ ideal living environment for whooper swans, which has become a popular place for photography lovers ______ (hang) about in autumn.
3. Known as the “kidneys of the Earth,” wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope ______ climate change effectively with their unique ecological functions.
4. China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine ______ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.
5. During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), ______ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being globally.
6. China plans to leverage the role of wetlands in promoting ______ (sustain) development, tackling climate change and protecting biodiversity for all people around the world.
7. Through a series of ecological protection actions, China ______ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving humans’ living environment so far.
8. Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said China is contributing more wisdom and solutions to ______ (build) a community of all life on Earth.
9. It is common that more and more high school students open ______ (them) own micro blogs on the Internet to show their talents and release pressure.
10. For one thing, micro blogs can provide a colorful platform to show students’ talent; for another, they are a useful way ______ (reduce) their study pressure.
11. Many parents and teachers hold a different view that managing one’s micro blog ______ (take) a lot of time and energy that should be used to study.
12. In my view, I am ______ (great) in favor of opening micro blogs, as the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our modern life.
13. As high school students of the Information Age, we need to learn to make use of this ______ (value) tool to communicate and display ourselves better.
14. Opening and organizing micro blogs need various abilities such as writing, designing and ______ (skill) at computer operation.
15. Only if we master those necessary abilities ______ we make a successful micro blog and improve ourselves in the process.
16. In fact, micro blog ______ (it) is of little harm; it is your attitude towards it that really matters.
第一组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领)
1. 答案:which (知识点:定语从句,先行词是whooper swans(大天鹅),指物,在从句中作介词of的宾语,引导非限制性定语从句,故用关系代词which;核心思维:看到“the number of + ______”,且前面是逗号隔开的名词,优先考虑非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,作宾语用which;拓展:the number of 后接复数名词,谓语动词用单数,此处从句中jumped的主语是the number,故用单数;类似结构:the number of...(……的数量),a number of...(许多……);易错点:不要误写为that(that不能引导非限制性定语从句),或who(who指代人,此处先行词是物);补充:非限制性定语从句中,介词后只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),不能用that。)
2. 答案:an;to hang (知识点:① 冠词,ideal(理想的)是以元音音素开头的单词,表泛指“一个理想的生存环境”,用an;② 非谓语动词-不定式,此处用不定式to hang作后置定语,修饰place,表“供摄影爱好者闲逛的地方”;核心思维:① 单数可数名词前无限定词,表泛指,且单词以元音音素开头,用an;② 名词place后缺定语,表“用于做某事的地方”,用不定式to do作后置定语;拓展:ideal的发音/ˌaɪˈdiːəl/,元音音素开头,故用an;类似搭配:a place to live(一个居住的地方)、a chance to try(一个尝试的机会);易错点:① 误写为a(a用于辅音音素开头的单词前);② 误写为hanging(现在分词作定语表主动、进行,此处表“用于闲逛”,需用不定式表目的/用途);补充:不定式作后置定语,多修饰表示“地方、机会、方式”等的名词,体现“要做、用于做”的含义。)
3. 答案:with (知识点:介词,cope with是固定搭配,意为“应对、处理”,表“湿地可以帮助保护生物多样性,有效应对气候变化”;核心思维:看到动词cope,直接联想到固定搭配cope with,无需结合语境额外判断,牢记固定搭配是解题关键;拓展:类似固定搭配:deal with(处理)、do with(处理)、come up with(提出);易错点:不要误写为for(cope for无此搭配),或to(cope to无此搭配);补充:cope with 侧重“主动应对困难、挑战”,此处气候变化是一种挑战,故用with。)
4. 答案:commitment (知识点:词性转换,动词commit(承诺、致力于)转换为名词commitment(承诺、投入),作动词illustrated(表明、阐释)的宾语,表“中国真正的承诺”;核心思维:动词后缺宾语,优先考虑词性转换,动词变名词;拓展:commit的常见词性转换:commit(动词)→ commitment(名词)→ committed(形容词,坚定的);常见搭配:genuine commitment(真正的承诺)、commit to doing sth(致力于做某事);易错点:① 误写为commit(动词,不能作宾语);② 拼写错误,如commitment误写为commitement;补充:动词变名词的常见后缀:-ment(如commit→commitment、develop→development、achieve→achievement)。)
5. 答案:held (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,COP14(湿地公约第十四届缔约方大会)与hold(举办)之间是被动关系,即“大会被举办”,用过去分词held作后置定语,修饰COP14;核心思维:过去分词作后置定语,表被动、完成,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词(COP14),与非谓语动词(hold)是被动关系;拓展:hold的过去分词是held,常见搭配:a meeting held in...(在……举办的会议);类似用法:a book written by him(他写的书);易错点:不要误写为holding(现在分词,表主动,大会是被举办,并非主动举办),或to hold(不定式,表将来,此处大会是正在举办,动作已开始且表被动);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,如the 14th Meeting...held in... = the 14th Meeting...which is held in...。)
6. 答案:sustainable (知识点:词性转换,动词sustain(维持、支撑)转换为形容词sustainable(可持续的),作定语修饰名词development(发展),表“可持续发展”;核心思维:名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换,动词变形容词;拓展:sustain的常见词性转换:sustain(动词)→ sustainable(形容词)→ sustainability(名词,可持续性);常见搭配:sustainable development(可持续发展)、sustainable life(可持续生活);易错点:① 误写为sustain(动词,不能作定语);② 拼写错误,如sustainable误写为sustainble;补充:动词变形容词的常见后缀:-able/-ible(如sustain→sustainable、access→accessible、possible→possible),表“可……的”。)
7. 答案:has demonstrated (知识点:时态,so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志词,主语China(中国)与demonstrate(展示、证明)之间是主动关系,用现在完成时has demonstrated;核心思维:看到so far、to date、recently等标志词,优先用现在完成时,结构为have/has + 过去分词,主语是单数,故用has;拓展:demonstrate的过去分词是demonstrated;常见搭配:demonstrate the role of...(展示……的作用);易错点:① 误写为demonstrates(一般现在时,与so far表“到目前为止”的含义不符);② 误写为had demonstrated(过去完成时,需搭配by+过去时间点);③ 遗漏has(现在完成时不能缺少助动词);补充:现在完成时强调“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”,此处“中国展示作用”是从过去到现在一直在做的事,对现在有影响,故用现在完成时。)
8. 答案:building (知识点:非谓语动词-动名词,介词to后接动名词作宾语,contribute to doing sth是固定搭配,意为“为……做贡献”,表“为构建地球生命共同体贡献智慧和方案”;核心思维:看到介词to,后面需接名词、代词或动名词,结合固定搭配contribute to doing,确定用动名词building;拓展:contribute的常见搭配:contribute to sth(为某事做贡献)、contribute sth to sth(把某物贡献给某事);类似搭配:devote to doing(致力于做)、look forward to doing(期待做);易错点:不要误写为build(动词原形,介词后不能接动词原形),或to build(不定式,此处to是介词,不是不定式符号);补充:区分介词to和不定式to:介词to后接动名词,不定式to后接动词原形,可根据固定搭配判断。)
9. 答案:their (知识点:代词,形容词性物主代词their(他们的)作定语,修饰名词micro blogs(微博),表“高中生们自己的微博”;核心思维:名词前缺定语,结合主语high school students(高中生们),用形容词性物主代词their,指代“学生们的”;拓展:they的词性转换:they(主格,作主语)→ their(形容词性物主代词,作定语)→ theirs(名词性物主代词,不接名词);常见搭配:open one’s own sth(打开某人自己的某物);易错点:① 误写为they(主格,不能作定语);② 误写为theirs(名词性物主代词,不能修饰名词);补充:形容词性物主代词后面必须接名词,名词性物主代词后面不接名词,如their micro blogs = theirs(此处theirs指代their micro blogs)。)
10. 答案:to reduce (知识点:非谓语动词-不定式,此处用不定式to reduce作后置定语,修饰way(方式、方法),表“一种减轻压力的有用方式”;核心思维:名词way后缺定语,表“做某事的方式”,常用不定式to do作后置定语,也可用of doing;拓展:常见搭配:a way to do sth = a way of doing sth(做某事的方式);类似用法:a method to do sth(做某事的方法)、a chance to do sth(做某事的机会);易错点:不要误写为reducing(动名词,虽可与way搭配,但此处题干更贴合不定式表“目的”的含义),或reduce(动词原形,不能作定语);补充:不定式作后置定语修饰way、method、chance等名词时,表“用于做某事”,语气更侧重“目的”。)
11. 答案:takes (知识点:时态+主谓一致,that引导同位语从句,修饰view(观点),从句主语是managing one’s micro blog(管理个人微博),动名词短语作主语,视为单数,描述客观事实,用一般现在时,故谓语动词用takes;核心思维:动名词短语(doing sth)作主语,谓语动词用单数;无明确过去/将来时间标志,描述客观事实,用一般现在时;拓展:动名词作主语的常见用法:Reading is good for us.(阅读对我们有好处);常见搭配:take time and energy(花费时间和精力);易错点:① 误写为take(主语是单数,谓语动词未加s);② 误写为took(一般过去时,与描述客观事实不符);补充:动名词短语作主语,无论后面的名词是单数还是复数,谓语动词都用单数形式。)
12. 答案:greatly (知识点:词性转换,形容词great(极大的、非常的)转换为副词greatly(非常、大大地),作状语,修饰介词短语in favor of(支持),表“非常支持”;核心思维:副词修饰动词、形容词、介词短语或整个句子,此处修饰in favor of,需用副词;拓展:great的常见词性转换:great(形容词)→ greatly(副词)→ greatness(名词,伟大);常见搭配:be greatly in favor of(非常支持)、greatly improve(大大改善);易错点:① 误写为great(形容词,不能修饰介词短语);② 拼写错误,如greatly误写为greately;补充:形容词变副词的基本规则:一般直接加-ly,如great→greatly、quick→quickly、slow→slowly。)
13. 答案:valuable (知识点:词性转换,名词value(价值)转换为形容词valuable(有价值的),作定语修饰名词tool(工具),表“有价值的工具”;核心思维:名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换,名词变形容词;拓展:value的常见词性转换:value(名词/动词)→ valuable(形容词)→ valuably(副词);常见搭配:valuable tool(有价值的工具)、valuable advice(宝贵的建议);易错点:① 误写为value(名词,不能作定语);② 拼写错误,如valuable误写为valuble;补充:名词变形容词的常见后缀:-able(如value→valuable、honor→honorable、comfort→comfortable),表“有……价值的、值得……的”。)
14. 答案:skilled (知识点:词性转换,名词skill(技能)转换为形容词skilled(擅长的),与writing、designing(动名词)并列,作介词as的宾语(此处省略being,符合“每空1词”要求);核心思维:and连接并列成分,词性需一致,前面是动名词,此处用形容词skilled,隐含“being skilled”的含义,既符合语法,又满足每空1词;be skilled at是固定搭配,意为“擅长……”;拓展:skill的常见词性转换:skill(名词,技能)→ skilled(形容词,擅长的)→ skillfully(副词);常见搭配:be skilled at computer operation(擅长电脑操作);易错点:① 误写为skillful(形容词,虽含义相近,但skilled更侧重“熟练的、擅长的”,贴合语境);② 误写为skill(名词,词性不符);补充:此处省略being,直接用skilled与动名词并列,是语法填空“每空1词”的常见优化方式,不影响语义和语法正确性。)
15. 答案:can (知识点:倒装句+情态动词,only if(只有……才……)引导条件状语从句,位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装,结合语境“只有掌握这些能力,我们才能创建成功的微博”,用情态动词can,构成倒装结构“can we make...”;核心思维:看到only if位于句首,主句必须用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提前),结合语境“能够、可以”,用can;拓展:only if与if only的区别:only if表“只有……才……”,引导条件状语从句,主句倒装;if only表“要是……就好了”,引导虚拟语气;易错点:① 误写为will(will也可用于倒装,但结合语境“只有掌握能力,才能……”,can更贴合“能够”的含义);② 不倒装(only if位于句首,主句必须倒装,不能写为we can make);补充:部分倒装的结构:助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语,此处can提前,构成can we make。)
16. 答案:itself (知识点:代词,反身代词itself(它自己)作同位语,指代前面的micro blog(微博),表“微博本身”,起强调作用;核心思维:看到名词后需要强调“本身”,用反身代词作同位语;拓展:反身代词的常见用法:oneself作同位语,强调名词本身,如the book itself(书本身)、he himself(他自己);常见搭配:be of little harm itself(本身几乎没有危害);易错点:不要误写为it(it指代微博,但不表强调,此处需强调“本身”),或its(形容词性物主代词,不能作同位语);补充:反身代词可作同位语、宾语、表语,此处作同位语,起强调作用,使句子语义更明确。)
第一组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第一组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、代词、倒装句等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。(每空1词)
1. Li Ming, a bird lover in Yunnan Province, visits a forest near the Lancang River every spring to see his favorite birds: egrets, the number of ______ increased to 80 from 20 when he first visited the area.
2. The forest provides ______ comfortable living environment for egrets, which is a perfect place for bird watchers ______ (stay) and take photos.
3. Known as the “lungs of the Earth,” forests can help purify the air and cope ______ air pollution with their strong photosynthetic capacity.
4. Our country’s forest protection efforts have shown its sincere ______ (commit) to protecting the ecological environment and maintaining ecological balance.
5. During the 2024 International Forest Protection Conference, ______ (hold) in Chengdu and Canada’s Toronto, our country called for strengthening global cooperation in forest protection.
6. We should make full use of forests in promoting ______ (sustain) development, protecting wild animals and improving people’s living quality.
7. Through years of unremitting efforts, our country ______ (demonstrate) the important role of forests in ecological protection up to now.
8. A famous ecologist said our country is devoting more efforts to ______ (build) a greener and more beautiful world for all mankind.
9. It is common that more and more middle school students set up ______ (them) own WeChat accounts to communicate with friends and share daily life.
10. For one thing, WeChat accounts can offer a convenient platform to make friends; for another, they are an effective way ______ (relieve) study pressure.
11. Many parents worry that using WeChat ______ (take) too much time, which should be spent on studying and exercising.
12. From my perspective, I am ______ (great) in favor of using WeChat properly, as it is an important communication tool in modern society.
13. As teenagers in the Information Age, we need to learn to make good use of this ______ (value) tool to improve our communication ability.
14. Using WeChat properly requires various abilities such as communicating, judging information and ______ (skill) at using various functions.
15. Only if we use WeChat in a rational way ______ we benefit from it and avoid its negative effects.
16. In fact, WeChat ______ (it) is not harmful; it is your usage method that determines its influence on you.
第一组 举一反三答案
1. which 2. a;to stay 3. with 4. commitment 5. held 6. sustainable 7. has demonstrated 8. building 9. their 10. to relieve 11. takes 12. greatly 13. valuable 14. skilled 15. can 16. itself
第二组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. Trends come and go as time flies, but few people know about the ______ (fashion) costumes or makeup of the ancient times.
2. You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who ______ (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili, a leading video-sharing platform in China.
3. ______ (Bear) in 1998, Zhu Ruoxuan began sharing her life through videos on Bilibili in 2019, initially focusing on videos showing ancient Chinese makeup.
4. It wasn’t until 2021 ______ she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of ordinary Chinese women’s ______ (appear) from the 1920s to the 2020s.
5. In the video, she imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing their uncertainty in the 1920s and their helplessness ______ (arise) from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
6. She also showed the confidence ______ female workers in the 1950s after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
7. Despite a lack of formal acting training, Zhu studied women in old photos and movies ______ (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy.
8. Over time, Zhu’s videos have shifted to an even ______ (great) focus on women, exploring other changes in women’s images from the past to the present.
9. A gold-buying trend is growing in China, and this time it’s young people ______ are leading the way in this trend.
10. Instead of buying big gold bars like older generations, many Gen Zers are choosing “gold beans” — tiny pieces of gold ______ (shape) like lucky symbols such as fish or coins.
11. ______ makes these gold beans particularly appealing is that they cost about 550-750 yuan per gram, making them affordable ______ (collect) slowly.
12. On social media, people share photos of glass jars filled with these gold beans, turning saving money into a fun ______ (challenge) for young people.
13. Gold is no longer seen ______ old-fashioned, as many brands are mixing traditional designs with modern styles to attract young consumers.
14. Gold prices recently hit $2,450 per ounce in June 2024, breaking ______ (history) records in the global gold market.
15. China’s central bank has added gold to its ______ (reserve), with total holdings exceeding 2,300 tons by the end of 2024.
16. Surveys show 68% of new gold investors in 2024 ______ (age) 25-34, and most of them buy gold for wealth preservation and cultural pride.
第二组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领)
1. 答案:fashionable (知识点:词性转换,名词fashion(时尚)转换为形容词fashionable(时尚的),作定语修饰名词costumes(服饰)和makeup(妆容),表“古代的时尚服饰和妆容”;核心思维:名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换,名词变形容词;拓展:fashion的常见词性转换:fashion(名词)→ fashionable(形容词)→ fashionably(副词);常见搭配:fashionable costumes(时尚服饰)、fashionable makeup(时尚妆容);易错点:① 误写为fashion(名词,不能作定语);② 拼写错误,如fashionable误写为fashional;补充:名词变形容词的常见后缀:-able/-ible(如fashion→fashionable)、-ous(如danger→dangerous)、-y(如sun→sunny)。)
2. 答案:was named (知识点:时态语态,in January(在一月份)是过去时间标志,主语Zhu Ruoxuan(朱若萱)与name(命名、评为)之间是被动关系,即“被评为百大内容创作者”,用一般过去时的被动语态was named;核心思维:① 看到过去时间标志(in January、yesterday、last year等),用一般过去时;② 主语与动作是被动关系,用被动语态;被动语态结构:was/were + 过去分词,主语是单数,故用was;拓展:name的过去分词是named;常见搭配:be named one of...(被评为……之一);易错点:① 误写为named(过去分词,缺少be动词,不能构成被动语态);② 误写为is named(一般现在时,与过去时间标志in January不符);③ 误写为were named(主语是单数,不用were);补充:一般过去时被动语态强调“过去某个时间被做的动作”,此处“一月份被评为”是过去的动作,故用was named。)
3. 答案:Born (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,Zhu Ruoxuan(朱若萱)与bear(出生)之间是被动关系,即“被出生”,用过去分词Born作状语,常用固定搭配born in + 年份,表“出生于……年”;核心思维:过去分词作状语,表被动、完成,此处born是特殊的过去分词,常用在句首,表“出生于……”;拓展:bear的过去分词有born和borne,born常用于被动语态,表“出生”,borne常用于主动语态,表“承受、生育”;常见搭配:born in 1998(出生于1998年);易错点:① 误写为Bearing(现在分词,表主动,人不能主动“出生”,需用被动);② 误写为Be born(动词原形,不能作状语);补充:过去分词作状语时,可省略逻辑主语和be动词,此处完整形式为As she was born in 1998,省略后为Born in 1998。)
4. 答案:that;appearance (知识点:① 强调句,It wasn’t until...that...是固定强调句型,强调时间状语“直到2021年”,故用that;② 词性转换,动词appear(出现、表现)转换为名词appearance(外貌、外表),作介词of的宾语,表“中国普通女性的外貌演变”;核心思维:① 看到It wasn’t until...______...,优先考虑强调句型,用that;② 介词后缺宾语,优先考虑词性转换,动词变名词;拓展:强调句型的结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分,被强调部分是时间、地点、事物时,用that;appear的常见词性转换:appear(动词)→ appearance(名词)→ apparent(形容词,明显的);常见搭配:the evolution of appearance(外貌的演变);易错点:① 强调句中误写为when(强调句型只能用that/who,不能用when);② 误写为appear(动词,不能作宾语);③ 拼写错误,如appearance误写为appearence;补充:It wasn’t until...that...句型中,not until部分被强调,主句需用部分倒装,但此处that后是完整句子,无需倒装。)
5. 答案:arising (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词,helplessness(无助)与arise(产生、出现)之间是主动关系,即“无助产生于抗日战争”,用现在分词arising作后置定语,修饰helplessness;核心思维:现在分词作后置定语,表主动、进行,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词(helplessness),与非谓语动词(arise)是主动关系;拓展:arise是不及物动词,常见搭配:arise from(由……产生、源于);类似用法:a problem arising from carelessness(由粗心产生的问题);易错点:① 误写为arisen(过去分词,表被动,无助是主动产生,并非被产生);② 误写为arise(动词原形,不能作定语);补充:arise与rise的区别:arise是不及物动词,表“产生、出现”,常与from搭配;rise是不及物动词,表“上升、升起”,不与from搭配。)
6. 答案:of (知识点:介词,the confidence of sb是固定搭配,意为“某人的信心”,表“中华人民共和国成立后,20世纪50年代女性工人的信心”;核心思维:看到名词confidence(信心),结合语境“女性工人的信心”,联想到介词of,表“……的”;拓展:类似搭配:the hope of sb(某人的希望)、the dream of sb(某人的梦想)、the courage of sb(某人的勇气);易错点:不要误写为for(the confidence for sb表“为某人的信心”,与语境不符),或in(the confidence in sb表“对某人的信心”,此处是“某人的信心”,用of);补充:介词of常用来表示“所属关系”,即“前者属于后者”,此处confidence属于female workers,故用of。)
7. 答案:to imitate (知识点:非谓语动词-不定式,此处用不定式to imitate作目的状语,表“朱若萱研究老照片和电影中的女性,目的是模仿她们的表情”;核心思维:看到句子中存在“目的”含义,优先用不定式to do作目的状语;拓展:不定式作目的状语的常见用法:He studied hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习,为了通过考试);常见搭配:strive for accuracy(力求准确);易错点:① 误写为imitating(现在分词,表伴随,不表目的);② 误写为imitate(动词原形,不能作目的状语);补充:不定式作目的状语,可放在句末,也可放在句首(To imitate their expressions, Zhu studied women in old photos...),放在句末时,无需用逗号与主句隔开。)
8. 答案:greater (知识点:形容词比较级,even(甚至、更)是比较级的标志词,great(大的、多的)的比较级是greater,表“更关注女性”;核心思维:看到even、much、a little、than等词,优先用比较级;单音节词直接加-er构成比较级;拓展:great的比较级和最高级:great→greater→greatest;常见搭配:a greater focus on(更关注……);易错点:① 误写为great(原级,无比较含义);② 误写为more great(多音节词才加more,great是单音节词,直接加-er);补充:even修饰比较级,表“程度更进一步”,如even better(更好)、even faster(更快),此处even greater表“更甚的关注”。)
9. 答案:who/that (知识点:定语从句,先行词是young people(年轻人),指人,在从句中作主语,引导限制性定语从句,故用关系代词who或that;核心思维:先行词指人,在从句中作主语,用who或that;拓展:定语从句中,先行词指人,作主语用who/that,作宾语用whom/who/that(可省略);常见搭配:lead the way(引领潮流、带头);易错点:① 误写为which(which指代物,此处先行词是人);② 漏用关系词(从句缺少主语,不能省略关系词);补充:限制性定语从句中,先行词指人,作主语时,who和that可以互换,无区别。)
10. 答案:shaped (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,tiny pieces of gold(小金块)与shape(塑造、使成为……形状)之间是被动关系,即“被塑造成幸运符号的形状”,用过去分词shaped作后置定语,修饰gold;核心思维:过去分词作后置定语,表被动、完成,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词(gold),与非谓语动词(shape)是被动关系;拓展:shape的过去分词是shaped;常见搭配:be shaped like(被塑造成……形状);类似用法:a statue shaped like a lion(被塑造成狮子形状的雕像);易错点:① 误写为shaping(现在分词,表主动,金块是被塑造,并非主动塑造);② 误写为to shape(不定式,表将来,此处金块已经被塑造好,表完成);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,如tiny pieces of gold shaped like... = tiny pieces of gold which are shaped like...。)
11. 答案:What;to collect (知识点:① 主语从句,What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表“使这些金豆特别有吸引力的东西”;② 非谓语动词-不定式,此处用不定式to collect作宾语补足语,构成“make sth + 形容词 + to do”结构,表“使它们容易慢慢收集”;核心思维:① 句子开头缺少主语,且从句中缺少主语,用What引导主语从句;② 看到“make sth + 形容词 + ______”结构,优先用不定式to do作宾补;拓展:What引导主语从句的常见用法:What matters most is hard work.(最重要的是努力);“make sth + 形容词 + to do”结构中,不定式用主动形式表被动含义,如The book is easy to read.(这本书容易读);易错点:① 误写为That(That引导主语从句,在从句中不充当成分,此处从句缺少主语,不能用That);② 误写为collecting(动名词,不能用于该结构);补充:What引导主语从句时,谓语动词的单复数根据从句指代的内容判断,此处指代“使金豆有吸引力的事情”,视为单数,故用is。)
12. 答案:challenge (知识点:词性转换,动词challenge(挑战)转换为名词challenge(挑战),作介词into的宾语,表“把存钱变成一项有趣的挑战”;核心思维:介词后缺宾语,优先考虑词性转换,动词变名词;拓展:challenge的常见词性转换:challenge(动词/名词)→ challenging(形容词,有挑战性的);常见搭配:a fun challenge(一项有趣的挑战)、face a challenge(面对挑战);易错点:① 误写为challenging(形容词,不能作宾语);② 拼写错误,如challenge误写为challange;补充:challenge既可以作动词,也可以作名词,此处作名词,与a fun搭配,表“一项挑战”。)
13. 答案:as (知识点:介词,be seen as是固定搭配,意为“被看作、被视为”,表“黄金不再被看作是过时的”;核心思维:看到固定搭配be seen,直接联想到介词as,牢记固定搭配是解题关键;拓展:类似固定搭配:be regarded as(被认为是)、be considered as(被看作是)、be described as(被描述为);易错点:不要误写为for(be seen for无此搭配),或to(be seen to无此搭配);补充:be seen as 中,as是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,此处old-fashioned是形容词,前面省略了being,完整形式为be seen as (being) old-fashioned。)
14. 答案:historical (知识点:词性转换,名词history(历史)转换为形容词historical(历史的),作定语修饰名词records(记录),表“历史记录”;核心思维:名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换,名词变形容词;拓展:history的常见词性转换:history(名词)→ historical(形容词,历史的)→ historically(副词);常见搭配:historical records(历史记录)、historical events(历史事件);易错点:① 误写为history(名词,不能作定语);② 混淆historical与historic(historic表“具有历史意义的”,如historic moment(历史性时刻),此处表“历史上的记录”,用historical);补充:historical侧重“与历史相关的、历史上存在的”,historic侧重“具有历史意义的”,需结合语境区分。)
15. 答案:reserves (知识点:名词单复数,reserve(储备、储备物)是可数名词,前面有its(它的)修饰,结合语境“中国央行增加黄金储备”,黄金储备是多种储备中的一种,用复数reserves;核心思维:看到名词前有物主代词(its、their等),结合语境判断单复数,此处“储备”是泛指,用复数;拓展:reserve的复数变化:直接加s,reserve→reserves;常见搭配:gold reserves(黄金储备)、foreign exchange reserves(外汇储备);易错点:不要误写为reserve(单数,此处表“储备”,泛指,用复数更合适);补充:部分可数名词在表示“泛指的储备、资源”时,常用复数形式,如reserves、resources(资源)、funds(资金)。)
16. 答案:aged (知识点:形容词作表语,aged(年龄为……的)是形容词,此处直接用aged作表语,表“年龄在25-34岁之间”,符合“每空1词”要求;核心思维:描述“年龄为……”,可直接用形容词aged,后面接数字,无需搭配be动词,既简洁又符合语法;拓展:aged的常见用法:aged + 数字(年龄为……岁),如She is aged 20(她20岁),可省略be动词直接作表语(Surveys show 68%...aged 25-34);常见搭配:aged 25-34(年龄在25到34岁之间);易错点:① 误写为are aged(两个词,不符合每空1词要求);② 误写为aging(现在分词,表“正在变老”,与语境不符);补充:此处省略be动词,直接用形容词aged作表语,是语法填空“每空1词”的常见优化方式,语义不变,语法正确,贴合题干要求。)
第二组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第二组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、主语从句、强调句等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。(每空1词)
1. Fashions change quickly in modern society, but many people are curious about the ______ (fashion) clothes and hairstyles of the 1980s.
2. You can find some information from the videos made by Li Hua, who ______ (name) one of the most popular video creators in March by Douyin, a famous short-video platform in China.
3. ______ (Bear) in 2000, Li Hua started sharing her daily life through short videos on Douyin in 2022, focusing on videos about retro fashion.
4. It wasn’t until 2023 ______ she became well-known thanks to a video showing the evolution of young people’s ______ (appear) from the 1990s to the 2020s.
5. In the video, she copied the dressing styles of young people from different years, showing their enthusiasm in the 1990s and their confusion ______ (arise) from the rapid social changes.
6. She also displayed the courage ______ young people in the 2000s when facing difficulties in study and work.
7. Although she has no professional training in fashion design, Li Hua studied old magazines and TV programs ______ (copy) the dressing styles of that era.
8. As time goes by, Li Hua’s videos have shifted to an even ______ (great) focus on retro culture, exploring the changes of fashion over the years.
9. A fitness trend is becoming popular among young people, and this time it’s college students ______ are leading this trend.
10. Instead of going to the gym like middle-aged people, many college students are choosing small fitness tools — tiny equipment ______ (shape) like dumbbells or skipping ropes.
11. ______ makes these fitness tools particularly popular is that they are cheap and easy to use, making them affordable ______ (buy) for college students.
12. On social media, students share photos of their fitness tools, turning working out into a fun ______ (challenge) among their peers.
13. Fitness is no longer seen ______ boring, as many young people are combining fitness with music to make it more interesting.
14. Fitness equipment sales recently hit a new high in 2024, breaking ______ (history) records in the domestic market.
15. Many gyms have added new fitness equipment to their ______ (reserve), with the total number exceeding 10,000 sets by the end of 2024.
16. Surveys show 72% of new fitness enthusiasts in 2024 ______ (age) 18-25, and most of them work out for health and body shaping.
第二组 举一反三答案
1. fashionable 2. was named 3. Born 4. that;appearance 5. arising 6. of 7. to copy 8. greater 9. who/that 10. shaped 11. What;to buy 12. challenge 13. as 14. historical 15. reserves 16. aged
语法知识点汇总(系统详细版·适配新题)
本汇总整合两组新题所有高频考点,分模块详细解析,结合新题例题、易错点和方法技巧,补充更多延伸知识,帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络,兼顾基础性和实用性,避免机械记忆,提升灵活运用能力,降低AI感,贴合学生学习实际,每个知识点均结合本次新题,确保针对性和实用性。
一、词性转换(核心高频考点,占比最高)
词性转换是语法填空的重中之重,核心是根据句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语)判断所需词性,再进行相应转换,无需死记硬背所有转换,重点掌握“句子成分→词性”的对应关系,结合语境和常见后缀灵活判断,常见转换类型、方法及延伸知识如下,结合本次新题逐一拆解:
1. 名词→形容词(作定语、表语)
核心用法:名词通过加后缀(如-able、-ous、-y、-ful等)转换为形容词,多作定语(修饰名词)或表语(跟在系动词后),结合语境判断后缀含义,确保语义通顺。
新题例题1:Trends come and go as time flies, but few people know about the ______ (fashion) costumes or makeup of the ancient times.(答案:fashionable,名词fashion→形容词fashionable,作定语修饰costumes和makeup,表“时尚的”)
新题例题2:As high school students of the Information Age, we need to learn to make use of this ______ (value) tool to communicate and display ourselves better.(答案:valuable,名词value→形容词valuable,作定语修饰tool,表“有价值的”)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
fashion(名词,时尚)→ fashionable(形容词,时尚的);value(名词,价值)→ valuable(形容词,有价值的);history(名词,历史)→ historical(形容词,历史的);commit(动词,承诺)→ committed(形容词,坚定的);sustain(动词,维持)→ sustainable(形容词,可持续的)
补充常见转换(延伸):
danger(名词,危险)→ dangerous(形容词,危险的);beauty(名词,美丽)→ beautiful(形容词,美丽的);honor(名词,荣誉)→ honorable(形容词,光荣的);comfort(名词,舒适)→ comfortable(形容词,舒适的)
方法技巧:看到名词前有冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)、形容词(如great、little)修饰,且该名词在句中作主语、宾语时,前面的修饰词优先考虑名词变形容词;系动词(is、was、are、look、seem、become等)后,优先考虑名词/动词变形容词作表语。
易错点:
① 混淆名词与形容词的用法,如fashion(名词)不能直接作定语,必须转换为fashionable;value(名词)不能修饰tool,必须转换为valuable;
② 后缀拼写错误,如fashionable误写为fashional,valuable误写为valuble,historical误写为historic(二者区别:historical表“历史上的、与历史相关的”,historic表“具有历史意义的”);
③ 选错后缀,如表示“有……价值的、可……的”用-able(value→valuable、fashion→fashionable),表示“多……的”用-ous(danger→dangerous),表示“充满……的”用-ful(beauty→beautiful)。
延伸知识:部分名词可通过加不同后缀,形成不同含义的形容词,如help(名词,帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)、helpless(无助的);use(名词,用途)→ useful(有用的)、useless(无用的);harm(名词,伤害)→ harmful(有害的)、harmless(无害的),这类转换需结合语境判断含义,避免用错。
2. 形容词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ment、-ion、-ity、-ness等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语(跟在动词或介词后),结合语境判断后缀,确保词性与句子成分匹配,重点记忆高频形容词的名词转换。
新题例题1:China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine ______ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(答案:commitment,动词commit→名词commitment,作动词illustrated的宾语,表“承诺”)
新题例题2:It wasn’t until 2021 that she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of ordinary Chinese women’s ______ (appear) from the 1920s to the 2020s.(答案:appearance,动词appear→名词appearance,作介词of的宾语,表“外貌”)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
commit(动词,承诺、致力于)→ commitment(名词,承诺、投入);appear(动词,出现、表现)→ appearance(名词,外貌、外表);challenge(动词,挑战)→ challenge(名词,挑战);great(形容词,极大的)→ greatness(名词,伟大);skill(名词,技能)→ skillfulness(名词,熟练)
补充常见转换(延伸):
happy(形容词,开心的)→ happiness(名词,快乐);kind(形容词,善良的)→ kindness(名词,善良);strong(形容词,强壮的)→ strength(名词,力量);different(形容词,不同的)→ difference(名词,差异);important(形容词,重要的)→ importance(名词,重要性)
方法技巧:动词(如illustrated、show、have、need等)后缺宾语,优先考虑形容词/动词变名词;介词(如of、to、in等)后缺宾语,优先考虑形容词/动词变名词;看到“genuine、sincere、great”等形容词修饰,后面优先接名词。
易错点:
① 动词直接作宾语,如commit(动词)不能作illustrated的宾语,必须转换为commitment;appear(动词)不能作介词of的宾语,必须转换为appearance;
② 后缀拼写错误,如commitment误写为commitement,appearance误写为appearence,happiness误写为happyness;
③ 混淆同源名词的含义,如appear(动词)→ appearance(外貌)、apparition(幻影),需结合语境选择正确的名词形式。
延伸知识:部分动词可直接作名词(即动名词),但与同源名词含义不同,如challenge(动词,挑战)→ challenge(名词,挑战)(同源名词,含义一致);run(动词,跑)→ running(动名词,跑步)(无同源名词,需用动名词作名词);swim(动词,游泳)→ swimming(动名词,游泳),注意区分“同源名词”和“动名词”的用法。
3. 形容词→副词(作状语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ly)转换为副词,多作状语,修饰动词、形容词、介词短语或整个句子,少数副词(如fast、late、hard)无需加-ly,结合语境判断修饰对象,确保语义连贯。
新题例题1:In my view, I am ______ (great) in favor of opening micro blogs, as the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our modern life.(答案:greatly,形容词great→副词greatly,修饰介词短语in favor of,表“非常”)
新题例题2:She studied women in old photos and movies carefully, ______ (great) improving her ability to imitate their expressions.(延伸例题,答案:greatly,形容词great→副词greatly,修饰现在分词improving,表“大大地”)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
great(形容词,极大的)→ greatly(副词,非常、大大地);fashionable(形容词,时尚的)→ fashionably(副词,时尚地);valuable(形容词,有价值的)→ valuably(副词,有价值地);historical(形容词,历史的)→ historically(副词,历史上地);skillful(形容词,擅长的)→ skillfully(副词,擅长地)
补充常见转换(延伸):
quick(形容词,快的)→ quickly(副词,快地);slow(形容词,慢的)→ slowly(副词,慢地);careful(形容词,仔细的)→ carefully(副词,仔细地);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happily(副词,开心地);lucky(形容词,幸运的)→ luckily(副词,幸运地)
方法技巧:看到动词(如improve、study、imitate)、形容词(如important、beautiful)、介词短语(如in favor of、in danger)被修饰,优先考虑形容词变副词;句子开头或结尾,修饰整个句子时,用副词(如luckily、fortunately)。
易错点:
① 形容词直接作状语,如great(形容词)不能修饰in favor of,必须转换为greatly;careful(形容词)不能修饰study,必须转换为carefully;
② 后缀拼写错误,如greatly误写为greately,carefully误写为carefuly,luckily误写为luckyly;
③ 混淆“形容词+ly”与特殊副词,如hard(形容词,硬的;副词,努力地),无需加ly;hardly(副词,几乎不),与hard含义不同;late(形容词,晚的;副词,晚地),lately(副词,最近),含义不同,需注意区分。
延伸知识:部分形容词变副词时,需改变拼写,如true(形容词,真实的)→ truly(副词,真实地),去掉e加ly;terrible(形容词,可怕的)→ terribly(副词,可怕地),以le结尾,去e加y;happy(形容词,开心的)→ happily(副词,开心地),以y结尾,变y为i加ly,这类特殊变化需重点记忆。
4. 动词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:动词通过加后缀(如-ment、-ion、-ing、-ance等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语,其中动名词(doing)也是动词变名词的一种形式,侧重“动作本身”,同源名词(如commit→commitment)侧重“动作的结果或状态”,结合语境选择。
新题例题1:Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said China is contributing more wisdom and solutions to ______ (build) a community of all life on Earth.(答案:building,动词build→动名词building,作介词to的宾语,表“构建”这一动作)
新题例题2:China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine ______ (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(答案:commitment,动词commit→同源名词commitment,作宾语,表“承诺”这一状态)
常见转换(结合本次新题):
build(动词,构建)→ building(动名词,构建);commit(动词,承诺)→ commitment(名词,承诺);demonstrate(动词,展示)→ demonstration(名词,展示);sustain(动词,维持)→ sustainability(名词,可持续性);imitate(动词,模仿)→ imitation(名词,模仿)
补充常见转换(延伸):
work(动词,工作)→ work(名词,工作)/ working(动名词,工作);study(动词,学习)→ study(名词,学习)/ studying(动名词,学习);develop(动词,发展)→ development(名词,发展);achieve(动词,实现)→ achievement(名词,成就);communicate(动词,交流)→ communication(名词,交流)
方法技巧:介词后优先用动名词(doing)作宾语(如to、in、of等介词);动词后既可用同源名词,也可用动名词,同源名词侧重“结果、状态”,动名词侧重“动作本身”;动名词还可作主语,表“做某事这件事”。
易错点:
① 介词后接动词原形,如to(介词)后不能接build,必须接building;in后不能接imitate,必须接imitating;
② 混淆动名词与同源名词,如“构建地球生命共同体”侧重动作,用building;“中国的承诺”侧重状态,用commitment;
③ 后缀拼写错误,如demonstration误写为demonstation,communication误写为communicasion。
延伸知识:部分动词的动名词和同源名词含义不同,如learn(动词,学习)→ learning(动名词,学习)、lesson(名词,教训);teach(动词,教)→ teaching(动名词,教学)、teacher(名词,老师),需结合语境选择正确的形式。
二、非谓语动词(高频难点,易错点集中)
非谓语动词是语法填空的难点,核心是“判断逻辑关系(主动/被动)+ 句子成分(定语、状语、宾语等)”,无需死记硬背,重点掌握“非谓语动词类型→用法场景”的对应关系,结合新题逐一拆解,分类型讲解,兼顾方法指导和易错点,帮助学生快速判断。
非谓语动词分为三类:不定式(to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done),核心区别:不定式表“将来、目的、动作未发生”;现在分词表“主动、进行、动作正在发生”;过去分词表“被动、完成、动作已发生”,结合句子成分进一步判断。
1. 不定式(to do)—— 表将来、目的、动作未发生
核心用法:不定式可作目的状语、后置定语、宾语、宾补等,重点掌握3种高频用法,结合新题例题拆解,明确判断方法。
(1)作目的状语:表“为了做某事”,常放在句末,无需用逗号隔开,句子主干有完整的主谓宾,不定式作补充说明,表动作的目的。
新题例题:Despite a lack of formal acting training, Zhu studied women in old photos and movies ______ (imitate) their expressions, striving for accuracy.(答案:to imitate,不定式作目的状语,表“朱若萱研究老照片和电影,目的是模仿她们的表情”)
方法技巧:看到句子主干完整(主谓宾齐全),后面的动词表“目的、为了”,优先用不定式to do;常见标志:in order to do(为了做)、so as to do(为了做),但so as to do不能放在句首。
易错点:误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表伴随,不表目的),如此处不能写imitating,因为“研究”的目的是“模仿”,不是“研究的同时在模仿”。
(2)作后置定语:修饰名词(多为place、way、chance、method等),表“用于做某事的……”“要做某事的……”,名词与不定式之间是“动宾关系”(即不定式的动作是名词发出的,或名词是不定式的宾语)。
新题例题1:The wetland provides an ideal living environment for whooper swans, which has become a popular place for photography lovers ______ (hang) about in autumn.(答案:to hang,不定式作后置定语,修饰place,表“供摄影爱好者闲逛的地方”,place与hang是动宾关系,即“在地方闲逛”)
新题例题2:For one thing, micro blogs can provide a colorful platform to show students’ talent; for another, they are a useful way ______ (reduce) their study pressure.(答案:to reduce,不定式作后置定语,修饰way,表“减轻压力的方式”,way与reduce是动宾关系,即“用方式减轻压力”)
方法技巧:看到名词(place、way、chance、method、time等)后缺定语,且表“用于做某事、要做某事”,优先用不定式to do;常见搭配:a place to do(做某事的地方)、a way to do(做某事的方式)、a chance to do(做某事的机会)。
易错点:① 误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表主动、进行,此处表“用于做”,需用不定式表目的);② 误写为过去分词done(过去分词表被动,此处名词与不定式是主动的动宾关系,无需被动)。
(3)作宾语/宾补:① 作宾语:跟在部分动词后(如want、hope、decide、plan、try等),表“想要做、计划做”;② 作宾补:构成“make sb do sth”“let sb do sth”“ask sb to do sth”等固定搭配,注意“使役动词(make、let、have)”后接不定式时,省略to,其他动词(ask、tell、want)后接不定式时,保留to。
新题延伸例题1:She decided ______ (learn) more about ancient makeup to improve her video content.(答案:to learn,不定式作宾语,跟在动词decide后,表“决定学习”)
新题延伸例题2:The teacher asked us ______ (finish) the grammar exercises on time.(答案:to finish,不定式作宾补,跟在动词ask后,保留to)
新题延伸例题3:His parents made him ______ (give up) playing games to focus on his study.(答案:give up,不定式作宾补,跟在使役动词make后,省略to)
方法技巧:牢记“接不定式作宾语的动词”和“使役动词+宾补”的用法,结合固定搭配判断;看到“make sth + 形容词 + ______”结构,优先用不定式to do(主动表被动),如新题例题:______ makes these gold beans particularly appealing is that they cost about 550-750 yuan per gram, making them affordable ______ (collect) slowly.(答案:to collect,构成“make sth affordable to do”结构,不定式主动表被动,表“使它们容易被收集”)
易错点:① 使役动词后误加to,如make him to give up(错误),正确为make him give up;② 非使役动词后误省略to,如ask us finish(错误),正确为ask us to finish;③ “make sth + 形容词 + to do”结构中,误写为doing,如affordable collecting(错误),正确为affordable to collect。
2. 现在分词(doing)—— 表主动、进行、动作正在发生
核心用法:现在分词可作后置定语、伴随状语、主语等,重点掌握2种高频用法,核心是“逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系”,即“逻辑主语发出非谓语动词的动作”。
(1)作后置定语:修饰名词,表“主动、进行”,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,名词与现在分词之间是主动关系,即“名词发出现在分词的动作”。
新题例题:In the video, she imitated the facial expressions of women from different time periods, capturing their uncertainty in the 1920s and their helplessness ______ (arise) from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.(答案:arising,现在分词作后置定语,修饰helplessness,逻辑主语helplessness与arise是主动关系,即“无助产生于抗日战争”,表主动、进行)
方法技巧:看到名词后缺定语,且逻辑主语(名词)与动词是主动关系,优先用现在分词doing;可还原为定语从句,如helplessness arising from... = helplessness which arises from...。
易错点:误写为过去分词done(过去分词表被动,此处helplessness是主动产生,并非被产生),如不能写arisen。
(2)作伴随状语:表“伴随动作、同时发生”,句子主干有完整的主谓宾,现在分词作补充说明,逻辑主语是句子的主语,主语与现在分词之间是主动关系,即“主语发出现在分词的动作”。
新题延伸例题:She sat in front of the computer, ______ (edit) the video about ancient makeup.(答案:editing,现在分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语she与edit是主动关系,表“她坐在电脑前,同时在编辑视频”)
方法技巧:看到句子主干完整,后面的动词与主语是主动关系,且表“同时发生的动作”,优先用现在分词doing;伴随状语可放在句末,用逗号与主句隔开。
易错点:① 逻辑主语判断错误,如误将伴随状语的逻辑主语当作宾语,导致用错非谓语动词;② 误写为不定式to do(不定式表目的,不表伴随)。
(3)作主语:动名词(doing)作主语,视为单数,表“做某事这件事”,多放在句首,谓语动词用单数。
新题延伸例题:______ (learn) about ancient costumes is a meaningful way to inherit traditional culture.(答案:Learning,动名词作主语,视为单数,谓语动词用is)
方法技巧:看到句子开头缺少主语,且表“做某事这件事”,优先用动名词doing;动名词作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数,无论后面的名词是单数还是复数。
易错点:误写为不定式to do(不定式也可作主语,但动名词更侧重“习惯性、经常性的动作”,不定式更侧重“一次性、具体的动作”);误写为动词原形,如learn about...(错误),正确为Learning about...。
3. 过去分词(done)—— 表被动、完成、动作已发生
核心用法:过去分词可作后置定语、状语、表语等,重点掌握2种高频用法,核心是“逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系”,即“逻辑主语被非谓语动词的动作支配”。
(1)作后置定语:修饰名词,表“被动、完成”,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,名词与过去分词之间是被动关系,即“名词被非谓语动词的动作支配”,动作已完成。
新题例题1:During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), ______ (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being globally.(答案:held,过去分词作后置定语,修饰COP14,逻辑主语COP14与hold是被动关系,即“大会被举办”,动作已完成)
新题例题2:Instead of buying big gold bars like older generations, many Gen Zers are choosing “gold beans” — tiny pieces of gold ______ (shape) like lucky symbols such as fish or coins.(答案:shaped,过去分词作后置定语,修饰gold,逻辑主语gold与shape是被动关系,即“金块被塑造成……形状”,动作已完成)
方法技巧:看到名词后缺定语,且逻辑主语(名词)与动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词done;可还原为定语从句,如COP14 held in... = COP14 which is held in...;gold shaped like... = gold which is shaped like...。
易错点:① 误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表主动,此处名词是被支配的对象,需用被动);② 误写为不定式to do(不定式表将来,此处动作已完成,需用过去分词)。
(2)作状语:表“被动、完成”,逻辑主语是句子的主语,主语与过去分词之间是被动关系,可表时间、条件、让步等含义,常省略逻辑主语和be动词。
新题例题:______ (Bear) in 1998, Zhu Ruoxuan began sharing her life through videos on Bilibili in 2019, initially focusing on videos showing ancient Chinese makeup.(答案:Born,过去分词作状语,逻辑主语Zhu Ruoxuan与bear是被动关系,即“被出生”,表时间,完整形式为As she was born in 1998,省略后为Born in 1998)
方法技巧:看到句首或句末有逗号,且逻辑主语(句子主语)与动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词done;常见特殊过去分词:born(出生)、devoted(致力于)、located(位于),需重点记忆。
易错点:① 误写为现在分词doing(现在分词表主动,此处主语是被出生,需用被动);② 误写为动词原形,如Be born(错误),正确为Born;③ 逻辑主语判断错误,导致用错非谓语动词。
补充延伸:非谓语动词的特殊情况——“独立主格结构”,即非谓语动词有自己的逻辑主语,与句子主语不同,常见形式:逻辑主语 + 非谓语动词,如Weather permitting, we will go for a walk.(天气允许的话,我们会去散步),此处weather是permitting的逻辑主语,与句子主语we不同,需注意区分,这类结构在语法填空中偶尔出现,无需深入掌握,了解即可。
三、时态与语态(基础考点,重点在“标志词+主谓一致”)
时态与语态是语法填空的基础,核心是“根据时间标志词判断时态,根据逻辑关系判断语态(主动/被动)”,结合主谓一致(主语单复数决定谓语单复数),重点掌握4种高频时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时)和被动语态,结合新题逐一拆解,避免机械记忆,掌握判断方法。
1. 高频时态(4种,结合新题标志词)
(1)一般现在时:表“客观事实、经常性、习惯性的动作”,无明确时间标志,或有标志词(always、usually、often、every day、every year等),谓语动词用原形(主语是单数第三人称时,加s/es)。
新题例题:Many parents and teachers hold a different view that managing one’s micro blog ______ (take) a lot of time and energy that should be used to study.(答案:takes,一般现在时,表客观事实,主语managing one’s micro blog是动名词短语,视为单数,谓语动词加s)
方法技巧:无明确过去/将来时间标志,描述客观事实、习惯性动作,优先用一般现在时;主语是单数第三人称(如he、she、it、动名词短语、不定式短语、单数名词),谓语动词加s/es。
易错点:① 主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词未加s/es,如take(错误),正确为takes;② 误写为一般过去时,如took(错误),此处无过去时间标志,表客观事实,用一般现在时。
(2)一般过去时:表“过去某个时间发生的动作、过去的习惯性动作”,有明确时间标志(in January、yesterday、last year、just now、when引导的过去时间状语从句等),谓语动词用过去式。
新题例题:You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who ______ (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili, a leading video-sharing platform in China.(答案:was named,一般过去时的被动语态,时间标志in January,表过去发生的动作,主语与name是被动关系)
方法技巧:看到过去时间标志,优先用一般过去时;谓语动词用过去式(如name→named、do→did、go→went);注意不规则动词的过去式(如eat→ate、see→saw、write→wrote),需重点记忆。
易错点:① 无过去时间标志,误写为一般过去时;② 不规则动词过去式拼写错误,如named误写为nameed;③ 混淆一般过去时与现在完成时(现在完成时需有so far、recently等标志)。
(3)现在完成时:表“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或从过去持续到现在的动作”,有明确标志词(so far、up to now、recently、since、for+时间段等),结构为have/has + 过去分词,主语是单数,用has;复数,用have。
新题例题:Through a series of ecological protection actions, China ______ (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving humans’ living environment so far.(答案:has demonstrated,现在完成时,标志词so far,主语China是单数,用has,demonstrate的过去分词是demonstrated)
方法技巧:看到so far、up to now、recently等标志词,优先用现在完成时;注意主语单复数,确定用have还是has;过去分词的正确拼写(规则动词加ed,不规则动词需记忆)。
易错点:① 误写为一般现在时,如demonstrates(错误),与so far表“到目前为止”的含义不符;② 误写为过去完成时,如had demonstrated(错误),过去完成时需搭配by+过去时间点;③ 遗漏have/has,如demonstrated(错误),现在完成时不能缺少助动词;④ 过去分词拼写错误,如demonstrated误写为demonstrated(正确),或written误写为wrote。
(4)一般将来时(延伸,结合新题拓展):表“将来要发生的动作”,标志词(tomorrow、next year、in the future、will、be going to等),结构为will + 动词原形,或be going to + 动词原形。
新题延伸例题:China ______ (continue) to strengthen wetlands conservation efforts in the next five years to protect biodiversity.(答案:will continue,一般将来时,标志词in the next five years,表将来动作)
方法技巧:看到将来时间标志,优先用一般将来时;will + 动词原形,无论主语单复数,will不变;be going to + 动词原形,be动词随主语单复数变化(am/is/are)。
易错点:误写为一般现在时,如continues(错误),与将来时间标志不符;be going to 误写为be go to,如is go to continue(错误),正确为is going to continue。
2. 被动语态(核心:主动vs被动,结合时态)
核心用法:当主语是动作的承受者(即“被做某事”),用被动语态;结构:be + 过去分词,be动词随时态、主语单复数变化;结合高频时态,重点掌握2种被动语态(一般过去时被动、一般现在时被动)。
(1)一般过去时被动语态:结构was/were + 过去分词,表“过去某个时间被做的动作”,有过去时间标志,主语是单数,用was;复数,用were。
新题例题:You may get some clues from the videos produced by Zhu Ruoxuan, who ______ (name) one of the top 100 content creators in January by Bilibili.(答案:was named,一般过去时被动,时间标志in January,主语Zhu Ruoxuan是单数,用was,name的过去分词是named)
(2)一般现在时被动语态:结构am/is/are + 过去分词,表“经常性、习惯性的被动动作,或客观事实的被动”,无明确时间标志,主语是单数,用is;复数,用are;I用am。
新题例题:Surveys show 68% of new gold investors in 2024 ______ (age) 25-34, and most of them buy gold for wealth preservation and cultural pride.(答案:are aged,一般现在时被动,表客观调查结果,主语68% of new gold investors是复数,用are,age的过去分词是aged)
方法技巧:判断被动语态的核心的是“主语是否是动作的承受者”,即“主语被做某事”;结合时态标志词,确定be动词的形式(was/were/is/are/have been等);注意过去分词的正确拼写。
易错点:① 主语是动作的发出者,误用被动语态,如China demonstrated...(主动,中国展示……),不能写was demonstrated;② 缺少be动词,如named(错误),正确为was named;③ be动词形式错误,如主语是复数,用was(错误),正确为were;④ 过去分词拼写错误,如aged误写为ageed。
3. 主谓一致(时态的配套考点,必掌握)
核心用法:谓语动词的单复数由主语决定,重点掌握3种高频主语类型的主谓一致,结合新题例题拆解,避免易错点。
(1)动名词短语/不定式短语作主语:视为单数,谓语动词用单数。
新题例题:Many parents and teachers hold a different view that managing one’s micro blog ______ (take) a lot of time and energy.(答案:takes,主语managing one’s micro blog是动名词短语,视为单数,谓语动词加s)
(2)分数/百分数作主语:谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定(名词是单数,谓语用单数;名词是复数,谓语用复数)。
新题例题:Surveys show 68% of new gold investors in 2024 ______ (age) 25-34.(答案:are aged,主语68% of new gold investors,后面的名词investors是复数,谓语动词用are)
(3)“the number of + 复数名词”作主语:视为单数,表“……的数量”,谓语动词用单数;“a number of + 复数名词”作主语:视为复数,表“许多……”,谓语动词用复数。
新题例题:Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of ______ jumped to over 100 from 30-plus.(答案:which,从句主语the number of whooper swans,视为单数,谓语动词jumped用单数)
延伸例题:A number of students ______ (like) using micro blogs to share their daily life.(答案:like,主语a number of students是复数,谓语动词用原形)
方法技巧:牢记“主语类型→谓语单复数”的对应关系,尤其是易混淆的结构(the number of vs a number of、分数/百分数作主语),结合名词的单复数判断谓语形式。
易错点:① 动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用复数,如take(错误),正确为takes;② 混淆the number of与a number of,如the number of students like(错误),正确为the number of students likes;③ 分数/百分数作主语,谓语动词单复数与分数/百分数一致,而非后面的名词,如68% of investor is(错误),正确为68% of investors are。
四、定语从句(高频考点,重点在“关系词的选择”)
定语从句是复合句的核心,核心是“找到先行词(被修饰的名词/代词)→ 判断先行词在从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语)→ 选择对应的关系词”,无需死记硬背关系词,重点掌握“先行词类型+从句成分→关系词”的对应关系,结合新题逐一拆解,分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句讲解。
1. 核心概念(基础,必须掌握)
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词(如new题中的whooper swans、young people、micro blog等);
关系词:引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词(who、whom、which、that、whose)和关系副词(when、where、why);
核心判断步骤:① 找先行词;② 分析先行词在从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语);③ 选择关系词(成分决定关系词)。
2. 高频关系代词(重点,结合新题)
关系代词的作用:在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,指代先行词,重点掌握4种高频关系代词(who、which、that、whose)。
(1)who:先行词是人,在从句中作主语,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
新题延伸例题:The girl ______ is making videos about ancient makeup is Zhu Ruoxuan.(答案:who,先行词the girl是人,在从句中作主语)
(2)which:先行词是物,在从句中作主语或宾语,可用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(非限制性定语从句中,which不能省略,且前面有逗号)。
新题例题1:Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of ______ jumped to over 100 from 30-plus when he first came to the area.(答案:which,先行词whooper swans是物,在从句中作介词of的宾语,引导非限制性定语从句,前面有逗号)
新题例题2:The wetland provides an ideal living environment for whooper swans, ______ has become a popular place for photography lovers to hang about in autumn.(答案:which,先行词the wetland是物,在从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句)
(3)that:先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语,只能用于限制性定语从句(不能用于非限制性定语从句),作宾语时可省略。
新题例题:A gold-buying trend is growing in China, and this time it’s young people ______ are leading the way in this trend.(答案:that/who,先行词young people是人,在从句中作主语,引导限制性定语从句,可用that或who)
延伸例题:The book ______ I bought yesterday is about ancient costumes.(答案:that/which,先行词the book是物,在从句中作宾语,引导限制性定语从句,可省略that/which)
(4)whose:先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语,表“……的”,可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。
新题延伸例题:The student ______ micro blog is very popular in our school is Li Ming.(答案:whose,先行词the student是人,在从句中作定语,表“这个学生的微博”)
延伸例题:The wetland ______ ecological functions are unique can help cope with climate change.(答案:whose,先行词the wetland是物,在从句中作定语,表“这个湿地的生态功能”)
3. 高频关系副词(基础,结合新题拓展)
关系副词的作用:在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因),指代先行词(时间、地点、原因相关的名词),重点掌握3种关系副词(when、where、why)。
(1)when:先行词是时间(如time、year、day等),在从句中作时间状语,可替换为“介词+which”。
延伸例题:I still remember the day ______ I first watched Zhu Ruoxuan’s video.(答案:when,先行词the day是时间,在从句中作时间状语,可替换为on which)
(2)where:先行词是地点(如place、city、wetland等),在从句中作地点状语,可替换为“介词+which”。
新题延伸例题:The wetland ______ Yang Chunlin visits every October is bordering the Yellow River.(答案:where,先行词the wetland是地点,在从句中作地点状语,可替换为to which)
(3)why:先行词是原因(如reason),在从句中作原因状语,可替换为“for which”,只能用于限制性定语从句。
延伸例题:The reason ______ many young people buy gold beans is that they are affordable.(答案:why,先行词the reason是原因,在从句中作原因状语,可替换为for which)
4. 易错点汇总(结合新题,重点规避)
① 非限制性定语从句中,不能用that,只能用who/which/whose等,如新题例题1中,the number of ______,前面有逗号,是是非限制性定语从句,不能用that,只能用which;
② 介词后不能用that,只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),如新题例题1中,the number of ______,of是介词,后面不能用that,只能用which;
③ 先行词是人,在从句中作宾语时,可用whom/who/that,作主语时,可用who/that,不能用which;
④ 关系词在从句中作宾语时,可省略(限制性定语从句),作主语时,不能省略,如新题例题:A gold-buying trend is growing in China, and this time it’s young people ______ are leading the way in this trend.(关系词在从句中作主语,不能省略);
⑤ 混淆关系代词与关系副词:关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,关系副词在从句中作状语,如先行词是place,从句中作地点状语,用where,不能用which(which作主语/宾语)。
五、冠词(基础考点,重点在“泛指vs特指”)
冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the),核心是“判断泛指还是特指”,结合名词的单复数、发音(元音音素/辅音音素开头),重点掌握2种不定冠词和定冠词的用法,结合新题拆解,避免易错点。
1. 不定冠词(a/an)—— 表泛指,“一个、一类”
核心用法:修饰单数可数名词,表“泛指一个”或“一类事物”;a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前(注意:是元音音素,不是元音字母)。
新题例题:The wetland provides ______ ideal living environment for whooper swans, which has become a popular place for photography lovers to hang about in autumn.(答案:an,ideal发音/ˌaɪˈdiːəl/,元音音素开头,表泛指“一个理想的生存环境”)
延伸例题1:She is ______ fashionable girl who likes ancient makeup.(答案:a,fashionable发音/ˈfæʃnəbl/,辅音音素开头,表泛指“一个时尚的女孩”)
延伸例题2:There is ______ “h” in the word “historical”.(答案:an,h发音/eɪtʃ/,元音音素开头,表泛指“一个h”)
方法技巧:看到单数可数名词前无限定词(the、this、that、物主代词等),表泛指,优先用a/an;判断用a还是an,看单词的发音(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a),不是看字母。
易错点:① 元音字母开头的单词,误用an,如a apple(错误),正确为an apple;辅音字母开头的单词,误用a,如an book(错误),正确为a book;② 混淆元音音素与元音字母,如h是辅音字母,但发音是元音音素,用an;u是元音字母,但发音是辅音音素(如useful /ˈjuːsfl/),用a;③ 不可数名词前误用a/an,如a water(错误),water是不可数名词,不能用a/an修饰。
2. 定冠词(the)—— 表特指,“这个、那个、这些、那些”
核心用法:修饰名词(单数、复数、不可数),表“特指某一个或某一些事物”,即双方都知道的事物、上文提到过的事物、独一无二的事物、序数词/形容词最高级前等。
新题延伸例题1:Yang Chunlin visits ______ wetland bordering the Yellow River every October.(答案:the,特指“那条靠近黄河的湿地”,双方都知道的事物)
新题延伸例题2:______ number of whooper swans in the wetland has increased to over 100.(答案:The,特指“湿地里大天鹅的数量”,上文提到过whooper swans)
常见用法(结合新题):
① 特指上文提到过的人或事物,如新题中,先提到whooper swans,后面再提到“大天鹅的数量”,用the number of;
② 特指双方都知道的人或事物,如“那条靠近黄河的湿地”,双方都清楚指的是哪条湿地,用the;
③ 序数词、形容词最高级前,如the first meeting(第一次会议)、the most popular video(最受欢迎的视频);
④ 独一无二的事物前,如the Earth(地球)、the Sun(太阳)、the Moon(月亮)。
易错点:① 泛指时误用the,如the ideal living environment(错误),此处表泛指“一个理想的环境”,用an;② 独一无二的事物前漏用the,如Earth(错误),正确为the Earth;③ 序数词、形容词最高级前漏用the,如first meeting(错误),正确为the first meeting。
3. 零冠词(延伸,基础)
核心用法:不需要用冠词的情况,重点掌握3种:① 不可数名词表泛指时,如water、air、music;② 复数名词表泛指时,如students、books、wetlands;③ 专有名词前(人名、地名、节日等),如Zhu Ruoxuan、Qinghai、Spring Festival。
新题延伸例题:Wetlands are known as “______ kidneys of the Earth”.(答案:/,零冠词,复数名词wetlands表泛指,“肾脏”也是泛指,无需用冠词)
易错点:不可数名词表泛指时,误用a/an,如a water(错误),正确为water;专有名词前误用the,如the Zhu Ruoxuan(错误),正确为Zhu Ruoxuan。
六、介词(基础考点,重点在“固定搭配+语境”)
介词的核心是“固定搭配+语境判断”,无需记忆所有介词,重点掌握本次新题中出现的高频介词和固定搭配,结合语境灵活运用,避免机械记忆,结合新题逐一拆解。
1. 新题高频介词及固定搭配(必掌握)
(1)with:高频介词,常见固定搭配:cope with(应对、处理)、deal with(处理)、be filled with(充满)、play with(玩耍)、communicate with(交流)。
新题例题:Known as the “kidneys of the Earth,” wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope ______ climate change effectively with their unique ecological functions.(答案:with,固定搭配cope with,意为“应对气候变化”)
(2)of:高频介词,表“所属关系”,意为“……的”,常见搭配:the number of(……的数量)、the confidence of(……的信心)、the evolution of(……的演变)、a piece of(一块、一片)。
新题例题:She also showed the confidence ______ female workers in the 1950s after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.(答案:of,表“女性工人的信心”,所属关系)
(3)to:高频介词,常见固定搭配:contribute to(为……做贡献)、devote to(致力于)、look forward to(期待)、be used to(习惯于),注意:这些搭配中,to是介词,后面接动名词doing。
新题例题:Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University, said China is contributing more wisdom and solutions to ______ (build) a community of all life on Earth.(答案:building,固定搭配contribute to,to是介词,接动名词)
(4)as:高频介词,常见固定搭配:be seen as(被看作、被视为)、be regarded as(被认为是)、be considered as(被看作是)、serve as(充当、作为)。
新题例题:Gold is no longer seen ______ old-fashioned, as many brands are mixing traditional designs with modern styles to attract young consumers.(答案:as,固定搭配be seen as,意为“被看作是过时的”)
2. 语境类介词(结合语境判断,无需固定搭配)
核心:根据句子语义,判断介词的含义(如时间、地点、方式、原因等),结合上下文选择合适的介词,重点掌握时间介词、地点介词。
新题延伸例题1:During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), held ______ Wuhan and Switzerland’s Geneva, China called for enhancing people’s well-being globally.(答案:in,地点介词,in+城市/国家,表“在武汉和日内瓦”)
新题延伸例题2:Gold prices recently hit $2,450 per ounce ______ June 2024.(答案:in,时间介词,in+月份/年份,表“在2024年6月”)
方法技巧:① 固定搭配类介词:看到相关动词(如cope、contribute、see),直接联想到对应的介词,牢记固定搭配;② 语境类介词:根据句子中的时间、地点、语义,判断介词(如in+大地点、on+具体日期、at+小地点/具体时间点)。
易错点:① 混淆固定搭配中的介词,如cope with误写为cope for,contribute to误写为contribute for;② 介词to与不定式to混淆,如contribute to build(错误),正确为contribute to building(此处to是介词,接动名词);③ 时间、地点介词误用,如in+具体日期(错误),正确为on+具体日期,at+月份(错误),正确为in+月份;④ 漏用介词,如the confidence female workers(错误),正确为the confidence of female workers。
补充延伸:常见语境类介词用法(贴合新题场景):① 时间介词:in+年份/月份/季节(in 2024、in June、in summer);on+具体日期/星期(on June 1st、on Monday);at+具体时间点(at 3 o’clock、at noon);② 地点介词:in+城市/国家/大地点(in Wuhan、in China);on+表面(on the table、on the internet);at+小地点(at school、at the park);③ 方式介词:by+交通工具/方式(by bus、by working hard);with+工具/手段(with a pen、with their own efforts);in+语言/材料(in Chinese、in paper)。
七、代词(基础考点,重点在“代词类型匹配句子成分”)
代词是语法填空的基础考点,核心是“根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、同位语)判断代词类型”,重点掌握3种高频代词(形容词性物主代词、反身代词、人称代词),结合新题例题拆解,避免混淆代词用法,贴合学生学习实际。
1. 形容词性物主代词(作定语,修饰名词)
核心用法:形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、its、our、their),后面必须接名词,表“某人的、某物的”,作定语修饰名词,结合主语或上下文判断指代对象。
新题例题1:It is common that more and more high school students open ______ (them) own micro blogs on the Internet to show their talents and release pressure.(答案:their,形容词性物主代词,指代high school students,修饰名词micro blogs,表“他们自己的微博”)
新题例题2:China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine commitment to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.(its,形容词性物主代词,指代China,修饰名词commitment,表“中国的承诺”)
方法技巧:看到名词前缺定语,且需要表示“某人的、某物的”,优先用形容词性物主代词;结合主语的人称和单复数,确定对应的物主代词(如主语是复数students,用their;主语是单数China,用its)。
易错点:① 误用名词性物主代词(如theirs、its)修饰名词,如theirs micro blogs(错误),正确为their micro blogs;② 误用人称代词主格(如they、it)作定语,如they own micro blogs(错误),正确为their own micro blogs;③ 物主代词单复数与主语不一致,如student→their(错误),正确为student→his/her。
2. 反身代词(作同位语、宾语,表“自身”)
核心用法:反身代词(myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves),可作同位语(强调名词本身)、宾语(动作作用于自身),结合指代对象的人称和单复数选择。
新题例题:In fact, micro blog ______ (it) is of little harm; it is your attitude towards it that really matters.(答案:itself,反身代词作同位语,指代micro blog,强调“微博本身”)
延伸例题1:She taught herself ancient makeup skills to make better videos.(herself,反身代词作宾语,表“她教自己”,动作作用于自身)
延伸例题2:We should improve ourselves through continuous learning.(ourselves,反身代词作宾语,指代we,表“提升我们自己”)
方法技巧:看到名词后需要强调“本身”,用反身代词作同位语;看到动词后接宾语,且宾语与主语是同一对象,用反身代词作宾语;结合指代对象(人/物、单数/复数)选择对应的反身代词(如micro blog→itself,students→themselves)。
易错点:① 误用人称代词(如it、they)代替反身代词,如micro blog it(错误),正确为micro blog itself;② 反身代词单复数与指代对象不一致,如students→itself(错误),正确为students→themselves;③ 多余使用反身代词,如I myself think(错误),可简化为I think,反身代词仅在需要强调时使用。
3. 人称代词(作主语、宾语,表“人/物”)
核心用法:人称代词分为主格(I、you、he、she、it、we、they)和宾格(me、you、him、her、it、us、them),主格作主语,宾格作宾语(动词、介词后),结合句子成分选择。
新题延伸例题1:______ (she) is a famous video creator who focuses on ancient makeup.(答案:She,主格作主语,指代Zhu Ruoxuan)
新题延伸例题2:Many people like watching videos made by ______ (she).(答案:her,宾格作介词by的宾语,指代Zhu Ruoxuan)
方法技巧:句子开头缺主语,用主格;动词、介词后缺宾语,用宾格;结合指代对象的人称和单复数,选择对应的人称代词。
易错点:① 主格与宾格混淆,如Her is a video creator(错误),正确为She is a video creator;I like she(错误),正确为I like her;② 误用物主代词代替人称代词,如Their are students(错误),正确为They are students。
八、特殊句式(高频难点,重点在“固定结构”)
特殊句式是语法填空的难点,核心是“牢记固定结构,结合语境判断”,重点掌握2种高频特殊句式(强调句、倒装句),结合新题例题拆解,掌握判断标志和用法,避免易错点。
1. 强调句(固定结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他)
核心用法:强调句用于强调句子中的某个成分(主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等),固定结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他;被强调部分是人时,可用who或that;被强调部分是物、时间、地点等时,只能用that;去掉It is/was和that/who,句子仍完整。
新题例题:It wasn’t until 2021 ______ she gained widespread recognition thanks to a video depicting the evolution of ordinary Chinese women’s appearance from the 1920s to the 2020s.(答案:that,强调句,被强调部分是时间状语until 2021,用that引导,固定结构It wasn’t until...that...)
延伸例题1:It is Zhu Ruoxuan ______ makes videos about ancient makeup.(答案:who/that,被强调部分是人Zhu Ruoxuan,可用who或that)
延伸例题2:It is the wetland ______ provides an ideal living environment for whooper swans.(答案:that,被强调部分是物the wetland,只能用that)
方法技巧:看到句子开头是It is/was + 某个成分 + ______ + 其他部分,且去掉It is/was和空格后的词,句子仍完整,优先判断为强调句,用that(被强调部分非人)或who(被强调部分是人);尤其注意固定结构It wasn’t until...that...(直到……才……),是强调句的特殊形式。
易错点:① 强调句中误用when/where/which代替that,如It wasn’t until 2021 when she...(错误),正确为It wasn’t until 2021 that she...;② 遗漏It is/was或that,导致句子结构不完整;③ 被强调部分是人时,误用which,如It is Zhu Ruoxuan which...(错误),正确为It is Zhu Ruoxuan who/that...。
2. 倒装句(重点:Only if引导的部分倒装)
核心用法:倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装,语法填空中高频考查“Only if引导的部分倒装”,即Only if(只有……才……)引导条件状语从句,位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提前,主语在后);Only if位于句中时,主句不倒装。
新题例题:Only if we master those necessary abilities ______ we make a successful micro blog and improve ourselves in the process.(答案:can,Only if位于句首,主句部分倒装,用情态动词can提前,构成can we make...)
延伸例题1:Only if we work hard ______ we achieve our goals.(答案:can/will,部分倒装,助动词/情态动词提前)
延伸例题2:We can succeed only if we keep trying.(不倒装,Only if位于句中,主句正常语序)
方法技巧:看到Only if位于句首,立即判断主句需部分倒装,将助动词(have/has/do/did)或情态动词(can/will/may)提前,主语放在助动词/情态动词之后;注意:Only if引导的是条件状语从句,从句不倒装,仅主句倒装。
易错点:① Only if位于句首,主句不倒装,如Only if we master...we can make...(错误),正确为Only if we master...can we make...;② 混淆Only if与if only,Only if表“只有……才……”,引导条件状语从句,主句倒装;if only表“要是……就好了”,引导虚拟语气,不倒装;③ 倒装时遗漏助动词/情态动词,如Only if we master...we make...(错误),正确为Only if we master...can we make...。
3. 主语从句(高频延伸,结合新题)
核心用法:主语从句是由引导词(What、That、Whether等)引导的从句,在句中作主语,视为单数,谓语动词用单数;重点掌握What引导的主语从句(在从句中作主语、宾语),That引导的主语从句(在从句中不充当成分,仅起连接作用)。
新题例题:______ makes these gold beans particularly appealing is that they cost about 550-750 yuan per gram, making them affordable to collect slowly.(答案:What,What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表“使这些金豆特别有吸引力的东西”)
延伸例题1:That she likes ancient makeup is known to many people.(That引导主语从句,在从句中不充当成分,仅起连接作用,表“她喜欢古代妆容这件事”)
延伸例题2:What we need is more practice.(What引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,表“我们需要的东西”)
方法技巧:句子开头缺主语,且后面是一个完整的句子(有主谓宾),优先判断为主语从句;从句中缺主语、宾语,用What;从句中不缺成分,用That;注意:What引导的主语从句,谓语动词的单复数根据从句指代的内容判断,通常视为单数。
易错点:① 主语从句中误用That代替What,如That makes these gold beans...(错误),正确为What makes these gold beans...(从句中缺主语,用What);② 主语从句视为复数,谓语动词用复数,如What we need are...(错误),正确为What we need is...;③ 遗漏引导词,如makes these gold beans...is that...(错误),正确为What makes these gold beans...is that...。
九、语法填空解题技巧(系统总结,适配新题)
结合两组新题,整合所有高频考点,总结4步解题技巧,帮助学生快速解题,避免盲目刷题,提升解题效率和准确率,贴合学生学习实际,兼顾方法性和实用性。
第一步:分析句子成分,判断考点类型
拿到题目后,先划分句子主干(主谓宾),判断句子缺少的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语等),结合成分判断考点:① 缺主语/宾语:优先考虑词性转换(动词/名词转换)、代词、主语从句;② 缺谓语:优先考虑时态语态、主谓一致;③ 缺定语:优先考虑词性转换(名词/形容词转换)、非谓语动词(现在分词/过去分词)、定语从句;④ 缺状语:优先考虑非谓语动词(不定式/现在分词/过去分词)、介词、副词;⑤ 句子结构特殊:优先考虑强调句、倒装句。
第二步:结合标志词,锁定具体答案
根据考点类型,结合句子中的标志词,快速锁定答案:① 时态:so far、up to now→现在完成时;in January、yesterday→一般过去时;无时间标志→一般现在时;② 非谓语动词:表目的→不定式to do;表主动/进行→现在分词doing;表被动/完成→过去分词done;③ 定语从句:先行词是人→who/that;先行词是物→which/that;非限制性定语从句→which(不用that);④ 介词:看到cope→with;contribute→to;see→as;⑤ 强调句:It is/was...______...→that/who;⑥ 倒装句:Only if位于句首→主句部分倒装(助动词/情态动词提前)。
第三步:验证答案,确保语义连贯、语法正确
填入答案后,通读句子,验证两个核心:① 语法正确:词性、时态、语态、主谓一致、关系词等符合语法规则;② 语义连贯:答案填入后,句子语义通顺,符合上下文语境,无逻辑矛盾;如填入非谓语动词,需验证逻辑关系(主动/被动);填入介词,需验证固定搭配或语境含义;填入代词,需验证指代对象是否正确。
第四步:积累易错点,避免重复犯错
结合本次新题中的易错点,重点积累:① 词性转换的后缀拼写(如commitment、valuable、historical);② 非谓语动词的逻辑关系判断(主动vs被动);③ 时态语态的标志词区分(现在完成时vs一般过去时);④ 定语从句的关系词选择(that不能用于非限制性定语从句);⑤ 介词的固定搭配(cope with、contribute to);⑥ 代词的用法(形容词性物主代词vs名词性物主代词),通过举一反三练习,强化记忆,避免重复犯错。
十、总结与温馨提示
本次语法填空专项练习(新篇·改编版),所有题目均改编自指定文章,侧重长难句和高频考点,配套详细解析和举一反三练习,核心目的是帮助学生摆脱机械刷题,掌握解题方法,构建完整的语法知识网络。
温馨提示:1. 做题时,先抓句子主干,再分析细节,结合考点标志词快速解题,不要盲目猜测;2. 重点掌握“句子成分→考点”的对应关系,灵活运用词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态等核心考点,避免死记硬背;3. 做完题目后,认真研读解析,重点关注易错点和方法技巧,结合举一反三练习,强化知识点的灵活运用;4. 定期总结错题,梳理高频考点和易错点,不断完善自己的语法知识体系,提升语法应用能力。
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