语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(26)-2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

2026-05-15
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 高考复习-三轮冲刺
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2026-05-15
更新时间 2026-05-15
作者 黑夜5543
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审核时间 2026-05-15
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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题) 请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Guizhou province, the world’s tallest, opened to traffic on September 28th, turning what ______ (be) once a two-hour drive across the gorge into a trip of barely two minutes. 2. Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the bridge is a key project of an expressway linking the Liuzhi special district of Liupanshui city with Anlong county, with a main span ______ (measure) 420 meters. 3. Guizhou, one of China’s most ______ (mountain) provinces, has earned a reputation ______ a province of bridges due to its numerous tall bridges. 4. According to the provincial transportation department, to date more than 32,000 bridges ______ (build) or are under construction in Guizhou. 5. The Huajiang bridge, which ______ (test) the limits of design and construction during building, is now Guizhou’s most ______ (strike) landmark. 6. Engineers faced unpredictable weather, sheer cliffs and wind gusts topping 100 kilometers per hour when ______ (construct) the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge. 7. The intelligent cable-hoisting system guided by the Beidou Navigation Satellite System allowed workers to position steel trusses with centimeter-level ______ (accurate). 8. Releaf Paper, a new company in Ukraine, has found a way to make paper more ______ (friend) to the environment by using leaves instead of tree pulp. 9. Cities from around Europe send ______ (waste) leaf litter from their streets to Releaf Paper, which processes it into cellulose and lignin. 10. Using a series of mechanical and chemical ______ (process), the company can create one ton of cellulose from two point three tons of leaves. 11. The process of making paper from leaves sends out nearly 78 percent ______ (few) greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model. 12. Regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only ______ (take) about 30 days, which is more environmentally friendly. 13. Valentyn Frechka, the founder of Releaf Paper, said their model is a win-win because they get fiber for paper and return lignin to cities ______ (use) as fertilizer. 14. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants, which can be turned into biodiesel for transportation and ______ (heat). 15. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans, and further research could double the ______ (engineer) duckweed’s oil output. 16. Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels ______ form underground, possess renewability whereas their consumption rate ______ (exceed) by regeneration speed. 第一组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领) 1. 答案:was (知识点:时态+宾语从句,what引导宾语从句,作turning的宾语,从句描述“过去曾经是两小时车程”,用一般过去时,主语what指代“车程”,视为单数,故用was;核心思维:看到turning后接宾语从句,且从句中有once(曾经),表过去的状态,优先用一般过去时;结合主语单复数判断动词形式;拓展:what引导宾语从句时,可指代“某事/某物”,谓语动词单复数根据指代内容判断;常见搭配:turn A into B(将A变成B);易错点:不要误写为is(一般现在时,与once表过去不符),或were(主语what指代单数,不用were);补充:宾语从句中,时态需结合语境判断,表过去用一般过去时,表现在用一般现在时。) 2. 答案:measuring (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词,with复合结构中,a main span(主跨)与measure(测量、跨度为)之间是主动关系,即“主跨跨度为420米”,用现在分词measuring作宾补;核心思维:with+宾语+宾补结构中,宾语与宾补动词是主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词;measure作“跨度为、长度为”讲时,常用主动形式表被动含义;拓展:measure的常见用法:The bridge measures 420 meters.(这座桥跨度为420米),主动表被动;类似用法:weigh(重……)、cost(花费……);易错点:不要误写为measured(过去分词,表被动,此处measure主动表被动,无需用过去分词);补充:with复合结构中,宾补可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式等,关键看宾语与宾补的逻辑关系。) 3. 答案:mountainous;as (知识点:① 词性转换,名词mountain(山)转换为形容词mountainous(多山的),作定语修饰provinces,表“多山的省份”;② 介词,earn a reputation as是固定搭配,意为“赢得……的声誉”,表“贵州作为桥梁之乡赢得声誉”;核心思维:① 名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换,名词变形容词;② 看到固定搭配earn a reputation,直接联想到介词as;拓展:mountain的词性转换:mountain(名词)→ mountainous(形容词);常见搭配:earn a reputation as...(作为……赢得声誉)、earn a reputation for...(因……赢得声誉);易错点:① 误写为mountain(名词,不能作定语);② 介词误写为for(for表“因……”,与语境“作为……”不符);补充:名词变形容词的常见后缀:-ous(如mountain→mountainous、danger→dangerous)。) 4. 答案:have been built (知识点:时态语态,to date(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志词,主语bridges(桥梁)与build(建造)之间是被动关系,即“桥梁已被建造或正在建造”,用现在完成时的被动语态have been built;核心思维:① 看到to date、recently、so far等标志词,优先用现在完成时;② 主语与动作是被动关系,用被动语态;现在完成时被动语态结构:have/has + been + done,主语是复数,故用have;拓展:build的过去分词是built;常见搭配:be under construction(正在建造中);易错点:① 遗漏被动语态的been(容易写成have built,忽略被动);② 用has been built(主语是复数,不用has);③ 误写为were built(一般过去时,与to date表现在完成的含义不符);补充:现在完成时被动语态强调“到目前为止,动作已被完成”。) 5. 答案:tested;striking (知识点:① 时态,which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the Huajiang bridge,从句描述“建造期间测试了设计和施工的极限”,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时tested;② 词性转换,动词strike(打动、显著的)转换为形容词striking(引人注目的、显著的),作定语修饰landmark,表“最引人注目的地标”;核心思维:① 定语从句中,动作发生在过去(建造期间),无现在或将来标志,用一般过去时;② 名词前缺定语,优先考虑词性转换,动词变形容词;拓展:strike的常见词性转换:strike(动词,打动、撞击)→ striking(形容词,引人注目的);常见搭配:striking landmark(引人注目的地标);易错点:① tested误写为tests(一般现在时,与过去的建造期间不符);② striking误写为strike(动词,不能作定语)或struck(过去分词,表被动,此处需表“引人注目的”,用striking);补充:striking作形容词时,侧重“视觉上引人注目、印象深刻”。) 6. 答案:constructing (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词,when引导的时间状语从句中,主语engineers与construct(建造)之间是主动关系,且从句主语与主句主语一致,省略了主语和be动词,完整形式为when they were constructing,故用现在分词constructing;核心思维:时间/条件状语从句中,若主语与主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词,可省略主语和be动词,用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动);拓展:类似用法:While walking on the street, I saw a friend.(当我在街上走的时候,我看到了一个朋友);易错点:不要误写为constructed(过去分词,表被动,工程师是主动建造,并非被建造);补充:省略从句主语和be动词的前提是“主语一致”,否则不能省略。) 7. 答案:accuracy (知识点:词性转换,形容词accurate(准确的)转换为名词accuracy(准确性),作介词with的宾语,表“厘米级的准确性”;核心思维:介词后需接名词作宾语,看到形容词centimeter-level(厘米级的)修饰,优先考虑形容词变名词;拓展:accurate的词性转换:accurate(形容词)→ accuracy(名词)→ accurately(副词);常见搭配:centimeter-level accuracy(厘米级准确性);易错点:不要误写为accurate(形容词,不能作宾语)或accurately(副词,不能作宾语);补充:形容词变名词的常见后缀:-cy(如accurate→accuracy、private→privacy)。) 8. 答案:friendly (知识点:词性转换,名词friend(朋友)转换为形容词friendly(友好的),作宾语补足语,构成“make sth + 形容词”结构,表“使纸张对环境更友好”;核心思维:看到“make sth + ______”结构,优先考虑形容词作宾语补足语,结合语境“对环境友好”,确定用friendly;拓展:friend的词性转换:friend(名词)→ friendly(形容词,友好的)→ friendship(名词,友谊);常见搭配:be friendly to...(对……友好);易错点:不要误写为friend(名词,不能作宾补)或friendily(拼写错误,副词形式是friendly,无friendily);补充:friendly是特殊的形容词,虽以-ly结尾,但词性是形容词,类似的还有lovely(可爱的)、lonely(孤独的)。) 9. 答案:wasted (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,leaf litter(落叶)与waste(浪费的、废弃的)之间是被动关系,即“被废弃的落叶”,用过去分词wasted作定语,修饰leaf litter;核心思维:过去分词作定语,表被动或完成,此处表“废弃的”,逻辑主语是leaf litter,与waste是被动关系;拓展:waste的常见用法:wasted(过去分词作形容词,废弃的、浪费的);常见搭配:wasted leaf litter(废弃落叶);易错点:不要误写为wasting(现在分词,表主动,落叶是“被废弃”,并非主动“浪费”);补充:过去分词作定语,可还原为定语从句,如wasted leaf litter = leaf litter that is wasted。) 10. 答案:processes (知识点:名词单复数,process(过程、工序)是可数名词,前面有a series of(一系列)修饰,a series of后接可数名词复数,故用processes;核心思维:看到a series of、various、many等修饰词,后面的可数名词必须用复数形式;拓展:process的复数变化:以s结尾,直接加es,类似的还有bus→buses、class→classes;常见搭配:mechanical and chemical processes(机械和化学工序);易错点:不要误写为process(单数)或processes(拼写错误,末尾加es);补充:a series of后接复数名词,但谓语动词可用单数或复数,取决于语境,此处focus on processes,用复数。) 11. 答案:fewer (知识点:形容词比较级,than(比)是比较级的标志词,few(少的)修饰可数名词复数(greenhouse gasses),比较级形式是fewer,表“比传统造纸模式排放更少的温室气体”;核心思维:看到than,优先用比较级;few修饰可数名词,比较级是fewer,little修饰不可数名词,比较级是less;拓展:few的比较级和最高级:few→fewer→fewest;常见搭配:fewer greenhouse gasses(更少的温室气体);易错点:不要误写为less(less修饰不可数名词,greenhouse gasses是可数复数)或few(原级,无比较含义);补充:比较级的常见标志词:than、much、a little、even等,结合名词可数性判断用fewer还是less。) 12. 答案:takes (知识点:时态,while引导并列句,表对比“普通纸需要270天分解,而树叶纸只需要30天”,描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语paper made of leaves(树叶做的纸)是单数,故谓语动词用takes;核心思维:无明确过去/将来时间标志,描述客观事实、事物的特征,用一般现在时,注意主谓一致;拓展:take的常见搭配:take + 时间 + to do sth(花费时间做某事);易错点:不要误写为take(主语是单数,谓语动词需加s)或took(一般过去时,与客观事实不符);补充:while引导并列句时,前后两句时态一致,此处均用一般现在时。) 13. 答案:to use (知识点:非谓语动词-不定式,此处用不定式to use作目的状语,表“将木质素返回城市,目的是用作肥料”;核心思维:看到句子末尾有“目的”含义,优先用不定式to do作目的状语;拓展:不定式作目的状语的常见用法:I went to the store to buy some food.(我去商店买些食物);易错点:不要误写为using(现在分词,表伴随,不表目的)或use(动词原形,不能作目的状语);补充:不定式作目的状语,可放在句末,也可放在句首(To use it as fertilizer, they return lignin to cities.)。) 14. 答案:heating (知识点:非谓语动词-动名词,and连接并列结构,前面是transportation(名词,交通),故此处用动名词heating(供暖),与transportation并列,作for的宾语;核心思维:and连接并列成分,词性需一致,前面是名词,后面也需用名词或动名词;heating此处是动名词,表“供暖”这一动作;拓展:heat的常见词性转换:heat(动词,加热)→ heating(动名词/名词,供暖);常见搭配:biodiesel for transportation and heating(用于交通和供暖的生物柴油);易错点:不要误写为heat(动词原形,不能作宾语)或heated(过去分词,不能作宾语);补充:动名词可作宾语,与名词并列使用,表同类事物。) 15. 答案:engineered (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,duckweed(浮萍)与engineer(改造、设计)之间是被动关系,即“被改造的浮萍”,用过去分词engineered作定语,修饰duckweed;核心思维:过去分词作定语,表被动,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,此处“改造过的浮萍”,浮萍是“被改造”,故用过去分词;拓展:engineer的常见用法:engineer(动词,改造、设计)→ engineered(过去分词,被改造的);常见搭配:genetically engineered duckweed(基因改造的浮萍);易错点:不要误写为engineering(现在分词,表主动,浮萍是被改造,并非主动改造);补充:过去分词作定语,可放在名词前,也可放在名词后,此处放在名词前,修饰duckweed。) 16. 答案:that/which;is exceeded (知识点:① 定语从句,先行词是fossil fuels(化石燃料),指物,在从句中作主语,故用关系词that或which;② 时态语态,whereas引导并列句,表对比,主语their consumption rate(消耗率)与exceed(超过)之间是被动关系,即“消耗率被再生速度超过”,描述客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态is exceeded;核心思维:① 定语从句中,先行词指物,作主语,用that或which;② 看到whereas表对比,结合主语与动作的被动关系,用被动语态;一般现在时被动语态结构:am/is/are + done,主语是单数,故用is;拓展:exceed的常见搭配:exceed the speed(超过速度),被动形式为be exceeded by(被……超过);易错点:① 定语从句中漏用关系词,或用where(where作状语,此处作主语,不能用where);② 被动语态遗漏is(容易写成exceeded,忽略被动);补充:whereas引导并列句,前后两句时态、语态可根据语境调整,此处均表客观事实,用一般现在时。) 第一组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题) 结合第一组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、形容词比较级等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. The Beipan River Bridge, another famous bridge in Guizhou, opened to traffic in 2016, turning what ______ (be) once a three-hour drive into a 10-minute trip. 2. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the new expressway that winds through the mountains, with a total length ______ (reach) 500 kilometers. 3. Yunnan, a ______ (mountain) province in southwest China, has also earned a good reputation ______ a province with beautiful natural scenery. 4. By the end of last year, more than 20,000 new roads ______ (build) in the rural areas of our province, making travel more convenient. 5. The new airport, which ______ (require) a lot of money and time during construction, has become the most ______ (impress) landmark in the city. 6. Workers overcame many difficulties when ______ (build) the new railway, including extreme cold and heavy snow. 7. The new positioning system developed by Chinese scientists allows us to locate objects with millimeter-level ______ (precise). 8. A new company in our city has invented a new type of plastic that is more ______ (friend) to the environment and can be easily decomposed. 9. Many schools send ______ (use) textbooks to the countryside, helping children in poor areas get access to better education. 10. Through a series of scientific ______ (process), we can turn waste plastic into useful materials. 11. This new method of recycling waste produces 60 percent ______ (few) pollutants than the traditional method. 12. A plastic bottle takes about 500 years to decompose while a paper bottle only ______ (take) about 60 days. 13. We collect waste paper from families and schools ______ (recycle) it into new paper, saving a lot of trees. 14. Researchers have found a way to get energy from corn stalks, which can be converted into fuel for cooking and ______ (light). 15. In the new experiment, scientists genetically engineered rice plants to produce more grain per acre, and further research could triple the ______ (engineer) rice’s output. 16. Solar energy, which is different from coal ______ is burned to produce electricity, is clean and renewable whereas its utilization rate ______ (limit) by weather conditions. 第一组 举一反三答案 1. was 2. reaching 3. mountainous;as 4. had been built 5. required;impressive 6. building 7. precision 8. friendly 9. used 10. processes 11. fewer 12. takes 13. to recycle 14. lighting 15. engineered 16. that/which;is limited 第二组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题) 请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. A cultural relic at Nanchong Museum in Sichuan province has recently become a hot topic, with a video posted on the Internet showing a small man-like pottery figure ______ (refer) to as “Mini Ultraman” due to its exterior. 2. The pottery figure has a pointed head, big eyes, and its arms ______ (raise) slightly, which makes it look like the animated character Ultraman. 3. It is quite a rare occurrence for the pottery figure to bear such a remarkable ______ (similar) to Ultraman, a popular animated character among children. 4. Since the video ______ (go) viral on the Internet, many visitors have rushed to the museum just to have a look at this special pottery figure. 5. A staff member of the museum told reporters that they frequently receive inquiries ______ visitors about the “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure. 6. Another museum staff member noted, “Actually, we find its head particularly similar to ______ of Ultraman, which is why it got the nickname.” 7. This unexpected popularity of the pottery figure has created an atmosphere ______ the integration of traditional culture and modern popular culture becomes a talking point. 8. The “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure, ______ (breathe) new life into the museum, has fostered a more imaginative mindset among people. 9. This happening, ______ (public) counted as a bridge between heritage and contemporary society, has drawn widespread interest from the public. 10. Labubu, a toothy and fluffy figure toy from Chinese brand Pop Mart, has sparked a global craze, demonstrating how Chinese enterprises are reshaping ______ (they) international image through innovation. 11. People often assume Labubu is a boy, but ______ (actual) it is a girl with a naughty look but a kind heart. 12. Labubu is not a standalone character—she’s part of a larger group ______ (call) “The Monsters”, created by Hong Kong artist Kasing Lung. 13. The Monsters first appeared in a Nordic mythology-inspired picture book series in 2015, and by 2019, toy giant Pop Mart ______ (turn) them into popular plastic toys. 14. Labubu is described ______ an “elvish creature”, who always wants to help others but often accidentally achieves ______ opposite. 15. Labubu’s rise in ______ (popular) can largely be credited to Lisa from BLACKPINK, who has expressed her love for the creature in interviews. 16. Since then, demand for Labubu toys has exploded with fans ______ (line) up overnight and paying well over retail price to get one. 第二组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领) 1. 答案:referred (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,a small man-like pottery figure(一个人形小陶俑)与refer(指代、称为)之间是被动关系,即“陶俑被称为‘迷你奥特曼’”,用过去分词referred作后置定语,修饰pottery figure,相当于定语从句which is referred;核心思维:过去分词作后置定语,表被动,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,看到“名词+______+to as”,且名词与refer是被动关系,优先用过去分词;拓展:refer的常见搭配:refer to...as...(把……称为……),被动形式为be referred to as...;易错点:不要误写为referring(现在分词,表主动,陶俑是被称为,并非主动指代);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,便于理解句子结构。) 2. 答案:are raised (知识点:时态语态,主语its arms(它的手臂)与raise(举起)之间是被动关系,即“手臂被微微举起”,描述陶俑的特征,用一般现在时的被动语态are raised;核心思维:① 先判断语态:主语不能主动发出“举起”这个动作,用被动语态;② 再判断时态:描述事物的特征、状态,用一般现在时;被动语态结构:am/is/are + done,主语是复数,故用are;拓展:raise的常见搭配:raise one’s arms(举起手臂),被动形式为be raised;易错点:不要遗漏被动语态的are(容易写成raised,忽略被动),或误写为were raised(一般过去时,与描述现在的特征不符);补充:一般现在时被动语态常用于描述事物的固有特征或状态。) 3. 答案:similarity (知识点:词性转换,形容词similar(相似的)转换为名词similarity(相似性),作bear(具有、拥有)的宾语,表“陶俑与奥特曼有显著的相似性”;核心思维:动词后缺宾语,优先考虑词性转换,形容词变名词;拓展:similar的词性转换:similar(形容词)→ similarity(名词,相似性)→ similarly(副词,相似地);常见搭配:bear a similarity to...(与……有相似性);易错点:不要误写为similar(形容词,不能作宾语)或similarity(拼写错误,正确拼写是similarity);补充:形容词变名词的常见后缀:-ity(如similar→similarity、able→ability)。) 4. 答案:went (知识点:时态,since引导原因状语从句,主句用现在完成时(have rushed),从句用一般过去时,表“过去发生的动作(视频走红)对现在造成的影响(游客涌入博物馆)”,故用went;核心思维:since引导原因状语从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,体现“过去动作对现在的影响”;拓展:go viral的含义:“走红、风靡”,固定搭配,go的过去式是went;常见搭配:video goes viral(视频走红);易错点:不要误写为has gone(现在完成时,从句不能用现在完成时,需用一般过去时);补充:since引导的原因状语从句,时态搭配固定:主句现在完成时,从句一般过去时。) 5. 答案:from (知识点:介词,inquiries from sb是固定搭配,意为“来自某人的询问”,表“博物馆工作人员经常收到游客的询问”;核心思维:看到名词inquiries(询问),结合语境“来自游客的询问”,联想到介词from;拓展:类似固定搭配:messages from sb(来自某人的消息)、calls from sb(来自某人的电话);易错点:不要误写为for(inquiries for sb表示“为某人的询问”,与语境不符);补充:介词from常表示“来自……”,用于名词后,说明来源。) 6. 答案:that (知识点:代词,that在此处作代词,指代前面提到的“head(头部)”,避免重复,表“它的头部与奥特曼的头部特别相似”;核心思维:看到“similar to ______ of...”,此处需用代词指代前面提到的名词(head),优先用that;拓展:that作代词时,可指代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,避免重复,如The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(北京的天气比上海的冷);易错点:不要误写为it(it指代前文提到的同一个事物,此处是“陶俑的头部”与“奥特曼的头部”,是同类不同物,不能用it);补充:复数名词的指代用those,如The books here are more interesting than those there.(这里的书比那里的有趣)。) 7. 答案:where (知识点:定语从句,先行词是atmosphere(氛围),抽象地点名词,在从句中作状语,意为“在这种氛围中,传统文化与现代流行文化的融合成为热门话题”,故用关系副词where;核心思维:定语从句中,先行词是抽象地点名词(如atmosphere、situation、case等),且在从句中作状语,用关系副词where;拓展:where引导定语从句,可还原为“in which”,此处in which = in the atmosphere;常见搭配:create an atmosphere where...(创造一种……的氛围);易错点:不要误写为which(which在从句中作主语或宾语,此处作状语,不能用which);补充:抽象地点名词作先行词时,若从句缺状语,用where;缺主语或宾语,用which/that。) 8. 答案:breathing (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词,the “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure(迷你奥特曼陶俑)与breathe(注入、赋予)之间是主动关系,即“陶俑为博物馆注入新活力”,用现在分词breathing作伴随状语,表“陶俑走红的同时,为博物馆注入新活力”;核心思维:伴随状语,句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,用现在分词,放在句中,用逗号与主句隔开;拓展:breathe的常见搭配:breathe new life into...(为……注入新活力);类似现在分词作伴随状语的用法:She stood there, smiling and waving.(她站在那里,微笑着挥手);易错点:不要误写为breathed(过去分词,表被动,陶俑是主动“注入”活力,并非被注入);补充:现在分词作伴随状语,可体现动作的伴随性,使句子结构更简洁。) 9. 答案:publicly (知识点:词性转换,形容词public(公共的)转换为副词publicly(公开地),作状语,修饰动词counted(被认为、被看作),表“这件事被公开认为是遗产与当代社会的桥梁”;核心思维:副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,看到动词counted前需要修饰词,优先考虑形容词变副词;拓展:public的词性转换:public(形容词,公共的)→ publicly(副词,公开地)→ public(名词,公众);常见搭配:publicly counted as...(被公开认为是……);易错点:不要误写为public(形容词,不能修饰动词)或publicly(拼写错误,正确拼写是publicly);补充:形容词变副词的规则:一般在词尾加ly,如public→publicly、quick→quickly。) 10. 答案:their (知识点:代词,形容词性物主代词their(他们的)作定语,修饰名词international image(国际形象),表“中国企业正在重塑他们的国际形象”;核心思维:名词前缺定语,结合主语Chinese enterprises(中国企业),用形容词性物主代词their,指代“企业的”;拓展:they的词性转换:they(主格)→ their(形容词性物主代词)→ theirs(名词性物主代词);常见搭配:reshape their international image(重塑他们的国际形象);易错点:不要误写为they(主格,不能作定语)或theirs(名词性物主代词,不能修饰名词);补充:形容词性物主代词后面必须接名词,名词性物主代词后面不接名词。) 11. 答案:actually (知识点:词性转换,形容词actual(实际的、真实的)转换为副词actually(实际上、事实上),作状语,修饰整个句子,表“实际上,Labubu是一个女孩”;核心思维:副词可修饰整个句子,放在句首或句中,表转折、强调等含义,结合语境“人们以为是男孩,实际上是女孩”,用actually;拓展:actual的词性转换:actual(形容词)→ actually(副词);常见用法:actually放在句首,表转折,意为“实际上”;易错点:不要误写为actual(形容词,不能修饰整个句子)或actully(拼写错误);补充:类似的副词还有indeed(确实)、really(真正地),均可修饰整个句子,表强调。) 12. 答案:called (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,a larger group(一个更大的群体)与call(称为、叫做)之间是被动关系,即“群体被称为‘怪兽家族’”,用过去分词called作后置定语,修饰group;核心思维:过去分词作后置定语,表被动,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,看到“名词+______+名称”,且名词与call是被动关系,优先用过去分词;拓展:call的常见搭配:be called...(被称为……);类似用法:a city called Beijing(一个叫北京的城市);易错点:不要误写为calling(现在分词,表主动,群体是被称为,并非主动称呼);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,如a group called “The Monsters” = a group which is called “The Monsters”。) 13. 答案:had turned (知识点:时态,by 2019(到2019年为止)是过去完成时的标志词,表“在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作”(2019年之前,泡泡玛特已经将它们变成了塑料玩具),故用过去完成时had turned;核心思维:看到by+过去时间点(如by 2019、by last year),优先用过去完成时;过去完成时结构:had + 过去分词;拓展:turn的过去分词是turned;常见搭配:turn sth into sth(将某物变成某物);易错点:不要误写为turned(一般过去时,不能体现“2019年之前已完成”的含义)或has turned(现在完成时,与by 2019表过去的时间不符);补充:过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,即动作发生在另一个过去动作之前。) 14. 答案:as;the (知识点:① 介词,be described as是固定搭配,意为“被描述为……”,表“Labubu被描述为一个小精灵”;② 冠词,the opposite是固定搭配,意为“相反的情况、相反面”,表“但经常意外地得到相反的结果”;核心思维:① 看到固定搭配be described,直接联想到介词as;② 看到opposite,优先考虑定冠词the,构成固定搭配the opposite;拓展:类似固定搭配:be regarded as(被认为是……)、be known as(被称为……);the opposite的常见用法:achieve the opposite(得到相反的结果);易错点:① 介词误写为for(be described for无此搭配);② 遗漏the(opposite前通常加the,构成固定搭配);补充:the opposite可作名词,表“相反的人或事物”。) 15. 答案:popularity (知识点:词性转换,形容词popular(受欢迎的)转换为名词popularity(受欢迎程度、人气),作介词in的宾语,表“Labubu人气的上升”;核心思维:介词后需接名词作宾语,看到形容词rise(上升)修饰,优先考虑形容词变名词;拓展:popular的词性转换:popular(形容词)→ popularity(名词)→ popularly(副词);常见搭配:rise in popularity(人气上升、受欢迎程度提高);易错点:不要误写为popular(形容词,不能作宾语)或popularity(拼写错误);补充:形容词变名词的常见后缀:-ity(如popular→popularity、curious→curiosity)。) 16. 答案:lining (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词,with复合结构中,fans(粉丝)与line(排队)之间是主动关系,即“粉丝连夜排队”,用现在分词lining作宾补;核心思维:with+宾语+宾补结构中,宾语与宾补动词是主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词;line up是固定搭配,意为“排队”;拓展:with复合结构的常见用法:with sb doing sth(某人正在做某事),如with students reading(学生们正在读书);易错点:不要误写为lined(过去分词,表被动,粉丝是主动排队,并非被排队);补充:with复合结构可作伴随状语,描述主句动作发生时的伴随状态。) 第二组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题) 结合第二组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. A stone sculpture at a museum in Shaanxi province has become popular recently, with a photo online showing a sculpture ______ (refer) to as “Mini Monkey King” because of its shape. 2. The stone sculpture has a long tail, sharp eyes, and its hands ______ (hold) a small stick, which makes it look like the Monkey King. 3. It is unusual for the stone sculpture to have such a strong ______ (similar) to the Monkey King, a famous character in Chinese mythology. 4. Since the photo ______ (become) popular online, hundreds of visitors have come to the museum to see this special sculpture. 5. A guide of the museum said that they often receive inquiries ______ tourists about the “Mini Monkey King” sculpture. 6. Another guide noted, “In fact, we find its tail particularly similar to ______ of the Monkey King, so it is named like this.” 7. The popularity of the stone sculpture has created an atmosphere ______ traditional art and modern Internet culture blend together. 8. The “Mini Monkey King” sculpture, ______ (bring) new vitality to the museum, has aroused people’s interest in traditional stone carvings. 9. This event, ______ (wide) regarded as a link between traditional art and young people, has been widely discussed online. 10. Molly, a cute doll from Pop Mart, has become popular around the world, showing how Chinese brands are improving ______ (they) global influence through creativity. 11. People often think Molly is a quiet girl, but ______ (actual) she is a lively and outgoing doll with a unique personality. 12. Molly is part of a large collection ______ (name) “Pop Mart Dolls”, designed by a famous Chinese designer. 13. The “Pop Mart Dolls” first appeared in 2016, and by 2020, the brand ______ (develop) them into a series of popular collectible toys. 14. Molly is described ______ a “cute angel”, who is always smiling but sometimes acts in a stubborn way, often achieving ______ opposite of what people expect. 15. Molly’s rise in ______ (popular) can mainly be attributed to young people’s love for cute and unique collectibles. 16. Since its launch, demand for Molly dolls has increased rapidly with collectors ______ (wait) in long lines to buy the limited-edition dolls. 第二组 举一反三答案 1. referred 2. are held 3. similarity 4. became 5. from 6. that 7. where 8. bringing 9. widely 10. their 11. actually 12. named 13. had developed 14. as;the 15. popularity 16. waiting 语法知识点汇总(系统详细版·适配新题) 本汇总整合两组新题所有高频考点,分模块详细解析,结合新题例题、易错点和方法技巧,补充更多延伸知识,帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络,兼顾基础性和实用性,避免机械记忆,提升灵活运用能力,降低AI感,贴合学生学习实际。 一、词性转换(核心高频考点) 词性转换是语法填空的重中之重,占比极高,核心是根据句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语)判断所需词性,再进行相应转换,常见转换类型、方法及延伸知识如下,结合新题逐一拆解: 1. 名词→形容词(作定语、表语) 核心用法:名词通过加后缀(如-ous、-ful、-y、-istic等)转换为形容词,多作定语(修饰名词)或表语(跟在系动词后),结合语境判断含义。 新题例题:Guizhou, one of China’s most ______ (mountain) provinces, has earned a reputation as a province of bridges.(答案:mountainous,名词mountain→形容词mountainous,作定语修饰provinces,表“多山的”) 常见转换:mountain(名词,山)→ mountainous(形容词,多山的);danger(名词,危险)→ dangerous(形容词,危险的);friend(名词,朋友)→ friendly(形容词,友好的);future(名词,未来)→ futuristic(形容词,未来感的);beauty(名词,美丽)→ beautiful(形容词,美丽的)。 方法技巧:看到名词前有冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)或其他形容词修饰,且该名词在句中作定语,优先考虑名词变形容词;系动词(is、was、are、look、seem等)后,优先考虑名词/动词变形容词作表语。 易错点:① 混淆名词与形容词的用法,如mountain(名词)不能作定语,必须转换为mountainous;② 后缀拼写错误,如mountainous不要误写为mountainous(正确),friendly不要误写为friendily;③ 选错后缀,如表示“多……的”用-ous(mountain→mountainous),“充满……的”用-ful(beauty→beautiful)。 延伸知识:部分名词可通过加不同后缀,形成不同含义的形容词,如help(名词,帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)、helpless(无助的);use(名词,用途)→ useful(有用的)、useless(无用的)。 2. 形容词→名词(作主语、宾语) 核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ity、-ness、-cy等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语(跟在动词或介词后),结合语境判断后缀,确保词性与句子成分匹配。 新题例题1:It is quite a rare occurrence for the pottery figure to bear such a remarkable ______ (similar) to Ultraman.(答案:similarity,形容词similar→名词similarity,作bear的宾语,表“相似性”) 新题例题2:The intelligent cable-hoisting system allowed workers to position steel trusses with centimeter-level ______ (accurate).(答案:accuracy,形容词accurate→名词accuracy,作介词with的宾语,表“准确性”) 常见转换:similar(形容词,相似的)→ similarity(名词,相似性);accurate(形容词,准确的)→ accuracy(名词,准确性);stable(形容词,稳定的)→ stability(名词,稳定);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happiness(名词,快乐);popular(形容词,受欢迎的)→ popularity(名词,人气)。 方法技巧:看到动词(如bear、achieve、improve、pay attention to等)或介词(如of、for、with等)后,需要填充成分,优先考虑形容词变名词作宾语;句子开头缺少主语,且语境需要抽象概念时,也可考虑形容词变名词。 易错点:① 后缀混淆,如similar变名词用-ity(similarity),而非-ness(similar-ness为错误拼写);② 拼写错误,如accuracy不要误写为accurcy,popularity不要误写为popularity(正确);③ 遗漏后缀,如将similar直接当作名词使用(similar作形容词,不能作宾语)。 延伸知识:部分形容词变名词有特殊后缀,需重点记忆,如true(形容词,真实的)→ truth(名词,真理)、warm(形容词,温暖的)→ warmth(名词,温暖),这类特殊转换需结合例句强化记忆,避免混淆。 3. 动词→形容词(作定语、表语) 核心用法:动词的现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)均可作形容词,现在分词表“主动、进行”,过去分词表“被动、完成”,多作定语或表语;部分动词可通过加后缀(如-ing、-ed、-ing)转换为形容词。 新题例题1:The “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure, ______ (breathe) new life into the museum, has fostered a more imaginative mindset among people.(答案:breathing,动词breathe→现在分词breathing,作伴随状语,表主动) 新题例题2:A small man-like pottery figure ______ (refer) to as “Mini Ultraman” due to its exterior.(答案:referred,动词refer→过去分词referred,作定语,表被动) 常见转换:breathe(动词,注入)→ breathing(形容词,主动的);refer(动词,指代)→ referred(形容词,被动的);strike(动词,打动)→ striking(形容词,引人注目的);impress(动词,印象深刻)→ impressive(形容词,令人印象深刻的);excite(动词,使兴奋)→ exciting(令人兴奋的)、excited(感到兴奋的)。 方法技巧:判断用现在分词还是过去分词,关键看逻辑主语与动词的关系——主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词;修饰物时常用现在分词(如exciting news),修饰人时常用过去分词(如excited people),但也需结合语境(如referred修饰pottery figure,表被动)。 易错点:① 混淆现在分词与过去分词的含义,如breathing(主动,注入)≠ breathed(被动,被注入);② 误将动词原形或过去式当作形容词,如refer(动词)、referred(过去式)不能直接作定语,需确认是过去分词作形容词。 4. 形容词→副词(作状语) 核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(通常为-ly)转换为副词,多作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,描述动作的方式、程度、状态等,部分形容词变副词有特殊变化规则。 新题例题1:This happening, ______ (public) counted as a bridge between heritage and contemporary society, has drawn widespread interest from the public.(答案:publicly,形容词public→副词publicly,修饰动词counted,表“公开地”) 新题例题2:People often assume Labubu is a boy, but ______ (actual) it is a girl with a naughty look but a kind heart.(答案:actually,形容词actual→副词actually,修饰整个句子,表“实际上”) 常见转换:public(形容词,公共的)→ publicly(副词,公开地);actual(形容词,实际的)→ actually(副词,实际上);wide(形容词,宽的)→ widely(副词,广泛地);quick(形容词,快的)→ quickly(副词,快速地);slow(形容词,慢的)→ slowly(副词,缓慢地)。 方法技巧:看到动词、形容词、副词或整个句子需要修饰时,优先考虑形容词变副词;形容词变副词的基本规则:① 一般直接加-ly(如quick→quickly、public→publicly);② 以“y”结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly(如happy→happily、busy→busily);③ 以“le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y(如simple→simply、gentle→gently);④ 以“ic”结尾的形容词,加-ally(如basic→basically、scientific→scientifically);⑤ 特殊变化:good→well、hard→hard(副词,努力地)、late→late(副词,晚)、fast→fast(副词,快),这类特殊变化需单独记忆,避免混淆。 常见转换补充:simple(形容词,简单的)→ simply(副词,简单地);gentle(形容词,温和的)→ gently(副词,温和地);basic(形容词,基础的)→ basically(副词,基本上);scientific(形容词,科学的)→ scientifically(副词,科学地);good(形容词,好的)→ well(副词,好地)。 易错点:① 特殊变化混淆,如将good的副词形式误写为goodly(正确为well);② 以“y”结尾的形容词变副词时,忘记变y为i,如将happy→happily误写为happyly;③ 以“le”结尾的形容词,误加-ly而非去e加-y,如将simple→simply误写为simplely;④ 混淆hard(形容词,硬的;副词,努力地)与hardly(副词,几乎不),二者含义完全不同,需结合语境区分。 延伸知识:部分副词有两种形式,含义不同,需重点区分,如late(副词,晚、迟)→ lately(副词,最近);hard(副词,努力地)→ hardly(副词,几乎不);close(副词,靠近地)→ closely(副词,密切地),例如:He came late.(他来晚了);I haven’t seen him lately.(我最近没见过他),这类副词需结合例句理解用法,避免误用。 二、非谓语动词(高频难点考点) 非谓语动词是语法填空的核心难点,主要包括现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)和不定式(to do),核心是判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动)、动作的状态(进行/完成/目的),结合句子成分(定语、状语、宾补)确定形式,结合新题拆解如下: 1. 现在分词(doing) 核心用法:表主动、进行,可作定语、状语(伴随、时间、原因等)、宾补,逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,动作多为正在进行或与主句动作同时发生。 新题例题1:Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the bridge is a key project of an expressway linking the Liuzhi special district of Liupanshui city with Anlong county.(rising作状语,逻辑主语the bridge与rise是主动关系,表“桥梁矗立在北盘江上”,与主句动作同时发生) 新题例题2:The “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure, breathing new life into the museum, has fostered a more imaginative mindset among people.(breathing作伴随状语,逻辑主语the pottery figure与breathe是主动关系,表“陶俑为博物馆注入新活力”,伴随主句动作发生) 常见用法:① 作定语:修饰名词,表主动、进行,可置于名词前或后,如a running boy(正在跑步的男孩)、a bridge linking two cities(连接两座城市的桥梁);② 作状语:多置于句首、句中或句末,用逗号与主句隔开,表伴随、时间、原因等,如Seeing the accident, he called the police.(看到事故,他打了报警电话,表时间);③ 作宾补:用于with复合结构或使役动词后,表主动、进行,如with students reading(学生们正在读书)、I saw him running.(我看到他正在跑)。 方法技巧:看到非谓语动词,先找逻辑主语(通常是主句主语或被修饰的名词),若逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,且动作是进行中或与主句动作同时发生,优先用现在分词;作伴随状语时,多置于句中,用逗号隔开,体现“一边……一边……”的含义。 易错点:① 误将现在分词用于被动关系,如将“被建造的桥梁”误写为a bridge building(正确为a bridge being built);② 作状语时,逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,如误写为Seeing the accident, a call was made(正确为Seeing the accident, he made a call);③ 混淆现在分词与不定式,如表目的时误用现在分词(表目的需用不定式)。 2. 过去分词(done) 核心用法:表被动、完成,可作定语、状语、宾补,逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,动作多为已经完成或被动承受。 新题例题1:A small man-like pottery figure referred to as “Mini Ultraman” due to its exterior.(referred作定语,逻辑主语the pottery figure与refer是被动关系,表“被称为迷你奥特曼的陶俑”,动作已完成) 新题例题2:With a video posted on the Internet showing the pottery figure, it became a hot topic.(posted作宾补,逻辑主语a video与post是被动关系,表“被发布在网上的视频”) 常见用法:① 作定语:修饰名词,表被动、完成,可置于名词前或后,置于前时多表状态,置于后时多表动作,如wasted leaf litter(被废弃的落叶,表状态)、a letter written by him(他写的信,表动作);② 作状语:表被动、完成,多置于句首或句末,用逗号与主句隔开,如Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美,表被动);③ 作宾补:用于with复合结构或使役动词后,表被动、完成,如with the work done(工作被完成)、I had my hair cut.(我剪了头发,头发被剪)。 方法技巧:若逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,或动作已完成,优先用过去分词;作定语时,若修饰的名词是动作的承受者,用过去分词;作状语时,若主句主语是动作的承受者,用过去分词。 易错点:① 误将过去分词用于主动关系,如将“注入新活力的陶俑”误写为a pottery figure breathed new life(正确为a pottery figure breathing new life);② 混淆过去分词与现在分词的被动式(being done),过去分词表“被动+完成”,being done表“被动+进行”,如a bridge built(已建成的桥)≠ a bridge being built(正在被建造的桥);③ 作宾补时,遗漏被动含义,如误写为with the letter writing(正确为with the letter written)。 3. 不定式(to do) 核心用法:表目的、将来、动作的全过程,可作主语、宾语、状语、宾补、定语,多体现“要做、去做”的含义,否定形式为not to do。 新题例题1:Valentyn Frechka said their model is a win-win because they get fiber for paper and return lignin to cities to use as fertilizer.(to use作目的状语,表“将木质素返回城市的目的是用作肥料”) 新题例题2:Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed.(to get作宾语,作figured out的宾语,表“弄清楚如何从浮萍中获取大量油脂”) 常见用法:① 作目的状语:多置于句末,表“为了……”,可置于句首(To...),如To get good grades, he studies hard.(为了取得好成绩,他努力学习);② 作宾语:用于某些动词后,如want to do、hope to do、decide to do、figure out to do等,如She wants to go home.(她想回家);③ 作宾补:用于使役动词(ask、tell、want、force等)后,表“让/要求某人做某事”,如He asked me to help him.(他让我帮他);④ 作定语:修饰名词,表“要做的……”,置于名词后,如a task to finish(要完成的任务)。 方法技巧:看到“目的”含义,优先用不定式作目的状语;看到某些固定动词(want、hope、ask等),后面直接接不定式作宾语;作定语时,修饰的名词多为“任务、计划、方法”等,表“要完成、要实现”的动作。 易错点:① 作目的状语时,误用现在分词(现在分词表伴随,不表目的),如误写为He studies hard getting good grades(正确为He studies hard to get good grades);② 某些动词后接动名词(doing),误接不定式,如enjoy doing、mind doing、practice doing,不可接to do,如误写为He enjoys to read(正确为He enjoys reading);③ 使役动词let、make、have后接不定式作宾补时,省略to,如误写为Let him to go(正确为Let him go)。 三、时态语态(基础必考点) 时态语态是语法填空的基础,核心是结合时间标志词、语境判断时态(一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时等),结合主语与动作的关系(主动/被动)判断语态,重点掌握高频时态的标志词和被动语态的结构,结合新题拆解如下: 1. 高频时态(结合标志词判断) (1)一般过去时:表过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,无延续性,标志词:yesterday、last year、in 2016、once、during...(过去的时间段)等,谓语动词用过去式。 新题例题:The Huajiang bridge, which tested the limits of design and construction during building, is now Guizhou’s most striking landmark.(tested用一般过去时,标志词during building(建造期间),表过去发生的动作) (2)一般现在时:表客观事实、事物的固有特征、经常性或习惯性的动作,标志词:always、usually、often、every day、nowadays等,谓语动词用原形(主语是第三人称单数时用第三人称单数形式)。 新题例题:Regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only takes about 30 days.(needs、takes用一般现在时,表客观事实,描述纸张分解所需时间) (3)现在完成时:表过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或动作从过去持续到现在,标志词:to date、so far、recently、since、for+时间段等,结构:have/has + done。 新题例题:To date more than 32,000 bridges have been built or are under construction in Guizhou.(have been built用现在完成时的被动语态,标志词to date,表“到目前为止,桥梁已被建造”) (4)过去完成时:表过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作(过去的过去),标志词:by+过去时间点(by 2019、by last year)、before+过去时间点等,结构:had + done。 新题例题:By 2019, toy giant Pop Mart had turned them into popular plastic toys.(had turned用过去完成时,标志词by 2019,表“2019年之前已经完成的动作”) 方法技巧:先找时间标志词,根据标志词确定时态;无标志词时,结合语境判断——描述客观事实用一般现在时,描述过去的动作无延续性用一般过去时,描述过去动作对现在的影响用现在完成时,描述“过去的过去”用过去完成时。 易错点:① 混淆现在完成时与一般过去时,如误将“到目前为止已建造”写成were built(一般过去时,无“对现在的影响”含义);② 过去完成时的标志词判断错误,如将by+现在时间点(by now)误用过去完成时(应⽤现在完成时);③ 主谓一致错误,如一般现在时中,第三人称单数主语后,谓语动词未加s,如误写为paper takes(正确)→ paper take(错误)。 2. 被动语态(结合时态使用) 核心用法:主语是动作的承受者,结构:be + done(be动词随时态变化),高频时态的被动语态结构如下: ① 一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are + done(表客观事实、固有特征的被动);② 一般过去时被动语态:was/were + done(表过去动作的被动);③ 现在完成时被动语态:have/has + been + done(表过去动作对现在影响的被动);④ 一般将来时被动语态:will be + done(表将来动作的被动)。 新题例题1:Its arms are raised slightly.(are raised用一般现在时被动语态,表陶俑手臂的固有状态,手臂是“被举起”的) 新题例题2:Their consumption rate is exceeded by regeneration speed.(is exceeded用一般现在时被动语态,表客观事实,消耗率是“被再生速度超过”的) 方法技巧:先判断主语与动作的关系——主语不能主动发出动作,用被动语态;再结合时态标志词,确定be动词的形式;注意:不及物动词(如happen、appear、rise等)无被动语态,如误写为The accident was happened(正确为The accident happened)。 易错点:① 遗漏被动语态的be动词,如误写为bridges have built(正确为bridges have been built);② be动词的时态与主语单复数不一致,如误写为arms is raised(正确为arms are raised);③ 不及物动词误用被动语态,如误写为He was appeared(正确为He appeared)。 四、定语从句(高频复合句考点) 定语从句是复合句的核心,修饰名词或代词(先行词),分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,核心是判断先行词的类型(人/物/抽象地点)和在从句中的成分(主语/宾语/状语),确定关系词(that/which/who/whom/where等),结合新题拆解如下: 1. 关系词的选择(核心重点) (1)先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语:用that/which(作宾语时可省略)。 新题例题1:Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels that/which form underground, possess renewability.(先行词fossil fuels指物,在从句中作主语,用that/which) 新题例题2:The intelligent cable-hoisting system guided by the Beidou Navigation Satellite System allowed workers to position steel trusses which/that have high accuracy.(先行词steel trusses指物,在从句中作宾语,可省略that/which) (2)先行词指人,在从句中作主语:用who/that;作宾语:用whom/who/that(可省略)。 拓展例题:The engineer who/that designed the Huajiang Bridge won an award.(先行词the engineer指人,作主语,用who/that);The reporter whom/who/that we met yesterday wrote the article.(先行词the reporter指人,作宾语,可省略关系词) (3)先行词是抽象地点名词(atmosphere、situation、case、point等),在从句中作状语:用where(可还原为in which/on which等)。 新题例题:This unexpected popularity of the pottery figure has created an atmosphere where the integration of traditional culture and modern popular culture becomes a talking point.(先行词atmosphere是抽象地点名词,在从句中作状语,用where,还原为in which) (4)非限制性定语从句:先行词是人或物,用who/whom/which(不能用that),从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,补充说明先行词,不能省略。 新题例题:The Huajiang bridge, which tested the limits of design and construction during building, is now Guizhou’s most striking landmark.(非限制性定语从句,先行词the Huajiang bridge指物,用which,不能用that) 方法技巧:先找先行词,判断先行词是人、物还是抽象地点;再分析先行词在从句中的成分——作主语/宾语用that/which/who/whom,作状语用where/when/why;非限制性定语从句不能用that,且用逗号隔开。 易错点:① 先行词是抽象地点名词时,误用which(which作主语/宾语,不能作状语),如误写为an atmosphere which the integration...(正确为an atmosphere where the integration...);② 非限制性定语从句用that,如误写为The bridge, that tested...(正确为The bridge, which tested...);③ 关系词在从句中作宾语时,误加多余的代词,如误写为The book which I bought it yesterday(正确为The book which I bought yesterday)。 五、其他高频考点(冠词、介词、代词、形容词比较级) 1. 冠词(a/an/the) 核心用法:a/an表泛指(一个),a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指(这个、那个),用于特指上文提到的人/物、独一无二的事物、序数词/最高级前等。 新题例题:It is quite a rare occurrence for the pottery figure to bear such a remarkable similarity to Ultraman.(a rare occurrence表泛指“一种罕见的情况”,a用于辅音音素开头的rare前);Labubu is described as an “elvish creature”.(an用于元音音素开头的elvish前);the opposite表特指“相反的情况”,特指前文提到的“帮助他人”的相反结果。 方法技巧:看到单数可数名词前无限定词,表泛指用a/an;看到特指的人/物、序数词、最高级,用the;注意:不可数名词(如water、air)前一般不用a/an,表特指时用the。 易错点:① 元音音素与辅音音素判断错误,如误写为a elvish creature(正确为an elvish creature);② 泛指与特指混淆,如误写为the rare occurrence(正确为a rare occurrence);③ 独一无二的事物前遗漏the,如误写为sun(正确为the sun)。 2. 介词(高频固定搭配) 核心用法:介词无实际词义,连接名词、代词或动名词,构成介词短语,作定语、状语、表语等,重点掌握高频固定搭配,结合语境判断。 新题高频搭配:① earn a reputation as(作为……赢得声誉);② be friendly to(对……友好);③ be referred to as(被称为……);④ be described as(被描述为……);⑤ inquiries from sb(来自某人的询问);⑥ rise in popularity(人气上升);⑦ for transportation and heating(用于交通和供暖)。 方法技巧:牢记高频固定搭配,看到相关名词(如reputation、inquiries、popularity),直接联想到对应的介词;无固定搭配时,结合语境判断介词含义(如from表“来自”,to表“对……”,for表“用于……”)。 易错点:① 固定搭配中介词混淆,如误写为earn a reputation for(表“因……赢得声誉”)与earn a reputation as(表“作为……赢得声誉”)混淆;② 介词遗漏或多余,如误写为be friendly with(正确为be friendly to);③ 介词后接动词原形,如误写为for transport(正确为for transportation)或for transport(需用名词/动名词)。 3. 代词(人称代词、物主代词、指示代词) 核心用法:人称代词(主格:I/you/they等;宾格:me/you/them等),作主语、宾语;物主代词(形容词性:my/your/their等,后接名词;名词性:mine/yours/theirs等,不接名词);指示代词(that/those,指代前文提到的名词,避免重复)。 新题例题1:Chinese enterprises are reshaping their international image.(their是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词international image,指代“中国企业的”) 新题例题2:We find its head particularly similar to that of Ultraman.(that是指示代词,指代前文提到的head,避免重复,同类不同物) 方法技巧:名词前缺定语,用形容词性物主代词;动词/介词后缺宾语,用人称代词宾格;指代前文提到的单数可数名词/不可数名词,用that;指代复数名词,用those;避免用it指代同类不同物(it指代同一个事物)。 易错点:① 混淆形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词,如误写为their international image(正确)→ theirs international image(错误,theirs不接名词);② 指示代词that/those与it混淆,如误写为its head similar to it of Ultraman(正确为that of Ultraman);③ 人称代词主格与宾格混淆,如误写为I met he yesterday(正确为I met him yesterday)。 4. 形容词比较级 核心用法:表两者之间的比较,标志词:than、much、a little、even等;单音节词和部分双音节词,直接加-er(如few→fewer、quick→quicker);多音节词,加more(如beautiful→more beautiful);不规则变化(如good→better、bad→worse)。 新题例题:The process of making paper from leaves sends out nearly 78 percent fewer greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model.(few的比较级是fewer,标志词than,修饰可数名词复数greenhouse gasses) 方法技巧:看到than,优先用比较级;判断形容词是单音节/双音节还是多音节,确定加-er还是more;结合名词可数性,判断用fewer(修饰可数名词复数)还是less(修饰不可数名词)。 易错点:① 混淆fewer与less,如误写为less greenhouse gasses(正确为fewer greenhouse gasses);② 多音节词误加-er,如误写为beautifuler(正确为more beautiful);③ 不规则变化混淆,如误写为gooder(正确为better);④ 比较级前多余more,如误写为more fewer(正确为fewer)。 六、解题技巧总结(实战性强) 结合两组新题,总结语法填空解题“四步法”,帮助学生快速突破,提升解题正确率,避免机械刷题: 第一步:分析句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语),判断空格处所需词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、代词等),缩小范围; 第二步:结合考点特征,确定具体形式——若为词性转换,根据句子成分判断转换方向(如名词变形容词、形容词变名词);若为非谓语动词,判断逻辑主语与动作的关系(主动/被动)和动作状态;若为时态语态,结合标志词和主语与动作的关系判断;若为定语从句,确定先行词和关系词; 第三步:结合固定搭配、语境含义,验证答案,确保语法正确、语义通顺,避免拼写错误(如后缀拼写、动词过去式/过去分词拼写); 第四步:做完后通读句子,检查主谓一致、时态一致、介词搭配、拼写等细节,避免低级错误。 补充提示:语法填空的核心是“语境+语法”,无需死记硬背规则,重点掌握“方法技巧+易错点”,结合举一反三练习题强化运用,做到“会一道题,会一类题”,真正提升语法应用能力。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题) 请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge in Guizhou province, the world’s tallest, opened to traffic on September 28th, turning what ______ (be) once a two-hour drive across the gorge into a trip of barely two minutes. 2. Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the bridge is a key project of an expressway linking the Liuzhi special district of Liupanshui city with Anlong county, with a main span ______ (measure) 420 meters. 3. Guizhou, one of China’s most ______ (mountain) provinces, has earned a reputation ______ a province of bridges due to its numerous tall bridges. 4. According to the provincial transportation department, to date more than 32,000 bridges ______ (build) or are under construction in Guizhou. 5. The Huajiang bridge, which ______ (test) the limits of design and construction during building, is now Guizhou’s most ______ (strike) landmark. 6. Engineers faced unpredictable weather, sheer cliffs and wind gusts topping 100 kilometers per hour when ______ (construct) the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge. 7. The intelligent cable-hoisting system guided by the Beidou Navigation Satellite System allowed workers to position steel trusses with centimeter-level ______ (accurate). 8. Releaf Paper, a new company in Ukraine, has found a way to make paper more ______ (friend) to the environment by using leaves instead of tree pulp. 9. Cities from around Europe send ______ (waste) leaf litter from their streets to Releaf Paper, which processes it into cellulose and lignin. 10. Using a series of mechanical and chemical ______ (process), the company can create one ton of cellulose from two point three tons of leaves. 11. The process of making paper from leaves sends out nearly 78 percent ______ (few) greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model. 12. Regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only ______ (take) about 30 days, which is more environmentally friendly. 13. Valentyn Frechka, the founder of Releaf Paper, said their model is a win-win because they get fiber for paper and return lignin to cities ______ (use) as fertilizer. 14. Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed, one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants, which can be turned into biodiesel for transportation and ______ (heat). 15. For a new study, researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans, and further research could double the ______ (engineer) duckweed’s oil output. 16. Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels ______ form underground, possess renewability whereas their consumption rate ______ (exceed) by regeneration speed. 第一组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题) 结合第一组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、形容词比较级等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. The Beipan River Bridge, another famous bridge in Guizhou, opened to traffic in 2016, turning what ______ (be) once a three-hour drive into a 10-minute trip. 2. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the new expressway that winds through the mountains, with a total length ______ (reach) 500 kilometers. 3. Yunnan, a ______ (mountain) province in southwest China, has also earned a good reputation ______ a province with beautiful natural scenery. 4. By the end of last year, more than 20,000 new roads ______ (build) in the rural areas of our province, making travel more convenient. 5. The new airport, which ______ (require) a lot of money and time during construction, has become the most ______ (impress) landmark in the city. 6. Workers overcame many difficulties when ______ (build) the new railway, including extreme cold and heavy snow. 7. The new positioning system developed by Chinese scientists allows us to locate objects with millimeter-level ______ (precise). 8. A new company in our city has invented a new type of plastic that is more ______ (friend) to the environment and can be easily decomposed. 9. Many schools send ______ (use) textbooks to the countryside, helping children in poor areas get access to better education. 10. Through a series of scientific ______ (process), we can turn waste plastic into useful materials. 11. This new method of recycling waste produces 60 percent ______ (few) pollutants than the traditional method. 12. A plastic bottle takes about 500 years to decompose while a paper bottle only ______ (take) about 60 days. 13. We collect waste paper from families and schools ______ (recycle) it into new paper, saving a lot of trees. 14. Researchers have found a way to get energy from corn stalks, which can be converted into fuel for cooking and ______ (light). 15. In the new experiment, scientists genetically engineered rice plants to produce more grain per acre, and further research could triple the ______ (engineer) rice’s output. 16. Solar energy, which is different from coal ______ is burned to produce electricity, is clean and renewable whereas its utilization rate ______ (limit) by weather conditions. 第二组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题) 请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. A cultural relic at Nanchong Museum in Sichuan province has recently become a hot topic, with a video posted on the Internet showing a small man-like pottery figure ______ (refer) to as “Mini Ultraman” due to its exterior. 2. The pottery figure has a pointed head, big eyes, and its arms ______ (raise) slightly, which makes it look like the animated character Ultraman. 3. It is quite a rare occurrence for the pottery figure to bear such a remarkable ______ (similar) to Ultraman, a popular animated character among children. 4. Since the video ______ (go) viral on the Internet, many visitors have rushed to the museum just to have a look at this special pottery figure. 5. A staff member of the museum told reporters that they frequently receive inquiries ______ visitors about the “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure. 6. Another museum staff member noted, “Actually, we find its head particularly similar to ______ of Ultraman, which is why it got the nickname.” 7. This unexpected popularity of the pottery figure has created an atmosphere ______ the integration of traditional culture and modern popular culture becomes a talking point. 8. The “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure, ______ (breathe) new life into the museum, has fostered a more imaginative mindset among people. 9. This happening, ______ (public) counted as a bridge between heritage and contemporary society, has drawn widespread interest from the public. 10. Labubu, a toothy and fluffy figure toy from Chinese brand Pop Mart, has sparked a global craze, demonstrating how Chinese enterprises are reshaping ______ (they) international image through innovation. 11. People often assume Labubu is a boy, but ______ (actual) it is a girl with a naughty look but a kind heart. 12. Labubu is not a standalone character—she’s part of a larger group ______ (call) “The Monsters”, created by Hong Kong artist Kasing Lung. 13. The Monsters first appeared in a Nordic mythology-inspired picture book series in 2015, and by 2019, toy giant Pop Mart ______ (turn) them into popular plastic toys. 14. Labubu is described ______ an “elvish creature”, who always wants to help others but often accidentally achieves ______ opposite. 15. Labubu’s rise in ______ (popular) can largely be credited to Lisa from BLACKPINK, who has expressed her love for the creature in interviews. 16. Since then, demand for Labubu toys has exploded with fans ______ (line) up overnight and paying well over retail price to get one. 第二组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题) 结合第二组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. A stone sculpture at a museum in Shaanxi province has become popular recently, with a photo online showing a sculpture ______ (refer) to as “Mini Monkey King” because of its shape. 2. The stone sculpture has a long tail, sharp eyes, and its hands ______ (hold) a small stick, which makes it look like the Monkey King. 3. It is unusual for the stone sculpture to have such a strong ______ (similar) to the Monkey King, a famous character in Chinese mythology. 4. Since the photo ______ (become) popular online, hundreds of visitors have come to the museum to see this special sculpture. 5. A guide of the museum said that they often receive inquiries ______ tourists about the “Mini Monkey King” sculpture. 6. Another guide noted, “In fact, we find its tail particularly similar to ______ of the Monkey King, so it is named like this.” 7. The popularity of the stone sculpture has created an atmosphere ______ traditional art and modern Internet culture blend together. 8. The “Mini Monkey King” sculpture, ______ (bring) new vitality to the museum, has aroused people’s interest in traditional stone carvings. 9. This event, ______ (wide) regarded as a link between traditional art and young people, has been widely discussed online. 10. Molly, a cute doll from Pop Mart, has become popular around the world, showing how Chinese brands are improving ______ (they) global influence through creativity. 11. People often think Molly is a quiet girl, but ______ (actual) she is a lively and outgoing doll with a unique personality. 12. Molly is part of a large collection ______ (name) “Pop Mart Dolls”, designed by a famous Chinese designer. 13. The “Pop Mart Dolls” first appeared in 2016, and by 2020, the brand ______ (develop) them into a series of popular collectible toys. 14. Molly is described ______ a “cute angel”, who is always smiling but sometimes acts in a stubborn way, often achieving ______ opposite of what people expect. 15. Molly’s rise in ______ (popular) can mainly be attributed to young people’s love for cute and unique collectibles. 16. Since its launch, demand for Molly dolls has increased rapidly with collectors ______ (wait) in long lines to buy the limited-edition dolls. 语法知识点汇总(系统详细版·适配新题) 本汇总整合两组新题所有高频考点,分模块详细解析,结合新题例题、易错点和方法技巧,补充更多延伸知识,帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络,兼顾基础性和实用性,避免机械记忆,提升灵活运用能力,降低AI感,贴合学生学习实际。 一、词性转换(核心高频考点) 词性转换是语法填空的重中之重,占比极高,核心是根据句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语)判断所需词性,再进行相应转换,常见转换类型、方法及延伸知识如下,结合新题逐一拆解: 1. 名词→形容词(作定语、表语) 核心用法:名词通过加后缀(如-ous、-ful、-y、-istic等)转换为形容词,多作定语(修饰名词)或表语(跟在系动词后),结合语境判断含义。 新题例题:Guizhou, one of China’s most ______ (mountain) provinces, has earned a reputation as a province of bridges.(答案:mountainous,名词mountain→形容词mountainous,作定语修饰provinces,表“多山的”) 常见转换:mountain(名词,山)→ mountainous(形容词,多山的);danger(名词,危险)→ dangerous(形容词,危险的);friend(名词,朋友)→ friendly(形容词,友好的);future(名词,未来)→ futuristic(形容词,未来感的);beauty(名词,美丽)→ beautiful(形容词,美丽的)。 方法技巧:看到名词前有冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)或其他形容词修饰,且该名词在句中作定语,优先考虑名词变形容词;系动词(is、was、are、look、seem等)后,优先考虑名词/动词变形容词作表语。 易错点:① 混淆名词与形容词的用法,如mountain(名词)不能作定语,必须转换为mountainous;② 后缀拼写错误,如mountainous不要误写为mountainous(正确),friendly不要误写为friendily;③ 选错后缀,如表示“多……的”用-ous(mountain→mountainous),“充满……的”用-ful(beauty→beautiful)。 延伸知识:部分名词可通过加不同后缀,形成不同含义的形容词,如help(名词,帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)、helpless(无助的);use(名词,用途)→ useful(有用的)、useless(无用的)。 2. 形容词→名词(作主语、宾语) 核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ity、-ness、-cy等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语(跟在动词或介词后),结合语境判断后缀,确保词性与句子成分匹配。 新题例题1:It is quite a rare occurrence for the pottery figure to bear such a remarkable ______ (similar) to Ultraman.(答案:similarity,形容词similar→名词similarity,作bear的宾语,表“相似性”) 新题例题2:The intelligent cable-hoisting system allowed workers to position steel trusses with centimeter-level ______ (accurate).(答案:accuracy,形容词accurate→名词accuracy,作介词with的宾语,表“准确性”) 常见转换:similar(形容词,相似的)→ similarity(名词,相似性);accurate(形容词,准确的)→ accuracy(名词,准确性);stable(形容词,稳定的)→ stability(名词,稳定);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happiness(名词,快乐);popular(形容词,受欢迎的)→ popularity(名词,人气)。 方法技巧:看到动词(如bear、achieve、improve、pay attention to等)或介词(如of、for、with等)后,需要填充成分,优先考虑形容词变名词作宾语;句子开头缺少主语,且语境需要抽象概念时,也可考虑形容词变名词。 易错点:① 后缀混淆,如similar变名词用-ity(similarity),而非-ness(similar-ness为错误拼写);② 拼写错误,如accuracy不要误写为accurcy,popularity不要误写为popularity(正确);③ 遗漏后缀,如将similar直接当作名词使用(similar作形容词,不能作宾语)。 延伸知识:部分形容词变名词有特殊后缀,需重点记忆,如true(形容词,真实的)→ truth(名词,真理)、warm(形容词,温暖的)→ warmth(名词,温暖),这类特殊转换需结合例句强化记忆,避免混淆。 3. 动词→形容词(作定语、表语) 核心用法:动词的现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)均可作形容词,现在分词表“主动、进行”,过去分词表“被动、完成”,多作定语或表语;部分动词可通过加后缀(如-ing、-ed、-ing)转换为形容词。 新题例题1:The “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure, ______ (breathe) new life into the museum, has fostered a more imaginative mindset among people.(答案:breathing,动词breathe→现在分词breathing,作伴随状语,表主动) 新题例题2:A small man-like pottery figure ______ (refer) to as “Mini Ultraman” due to its exterior.(答案:referred,动词refer→过去分词referred,作定语,表被动) 常见转换:breathe(动词,注入)→ breathing(形容词,主动的);refer(动词,指代)→ referred(形容词,被动的);strike(动词,打动)→ striking(形容词,引人注目的);impress(动词,印象深刻)→ impressive(形容词,令人印象深刻的);excite(动词,使兴奋)→ exciting(令人兴奋的)、excited(感到兴奋的)。 方法技巧:判断用现在分词还是过去分词,关键看逻辑主语与动词的关系——主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词;修饰物时常用现在分词(如exciting news),修饰人时常用过去分词(如excited people),但也需结合语境(如referred修饰pottery figure,表被动)。 易错点:① 混淆现在分词与过去分词的含义,如breathing(主动,注入)≠ breathed(被动,被注入);② 误将动词原形或过去式当作形容词,如refer(动词)、referred(过去式)不能直接作定语,需确认是过去分词作形容词。 4. 形容词→副词(作状语) 核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(通常为-ly)转换为副词,多作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,描述动作的方式、程度、状态等,部分形容词变副词有特殊变化规则。 新题例题1:This happening, ______ (public) counted as a bridge between heritage and contemporary society, has drawn widespread interest from the public.(答案:publicly,形容词public→副词publicly,修饰动词counted,表“公开地”) 新题例题2:People often assume Labubu is a boy, but ______ (actual) it is a girl with a naughty look but a kind heart.(答案:actually,形容词actual→副词actually,修饰整个句子,表“实际上”) 常见转换:public(形容词,公共的)→ publicly(副词,公开地);actual(形容词,实际的)→ actually(副词,实际上);wide(形容词,宽的)→ widely(副词,广泛地);quick(形容词,快的)→ quickly(副词,快速地);slow(形容词,慢的)→ slowly(副词,缓慢地)。 方法技巧:看到动词、形容词、副词或整个句子需要修饰时,优先考虑形容词变副词;形容词变副词的基本规则:① 一般直接加-ly(如quick→quickly、public→publicly);② 以“y”结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-ly(如happy→happily、busy→busily);③ 以“le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y(如simple→simply、gentle→gently);④ 以“ic”结尾的形容词,加-ally(如basic→basically、scientific→scientifically);⑤ 特殊变化:good→well、hard→hard(副词,努力地)、late→late(副词,晚)、fast→fast(副词,快),这类特殊变化需单独记忆,避免混淆。 常见转换补充:simple(形容词,简单的)→ simply(副词,简单地);gentle(形容词,温和的)→ gently(副词,温和地);basic(形容词,基础的)→ basically(副词,基本上);scientific(形容词,科学的)→ scientifically(副词,科学地);good(形容词,好的)→ well(副词,好地)。 易错点:① 特殊变化混淆,如将good的副词形式误写为goodly(正确为well);② 以“y”结尾的形容词变副词时,忘记变y为i,如将happy→happily误写为happyly;③ 以“le”结尾的形容词,误加-ly而非去e加-y,如将simple→simply误写为simplely;④ 混淆hard(形容词,硬的;副词,努力地)与hardly(副词,几乎不),二者含义完全不同,需结合语境区分。 延伸知识:部分副词有两种形式,含义不同,需重点区分,如late(副词,晚、迟)→ lately(副词,最近);hard(副词,努力地)→ hardly(副词,几乎不);close(副词,靠近地)→ closely(副词,密切地),例如:He came late.(他来晚了);I haven’t seen him lately.(我最近没见过他),这类副词需结合例句理解用法,避免误用。 二、非谓语动词(高频难点考点) 非谓语动词是语法填空的核心难点,主要包括现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)和不定式(to do),核心是判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动)、动作的状态(进行/完成/目的),结合句子成分(定语、状语、宾补)确定形式,结合新题拆解如下: 1. 现在分词(doing) 核心用法:表主动、进行,可作定语、状语(伴随、时间、原因等)、宾补,逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,动作多为正在进行或与主句动作同时发生。 新题例题1:Rising 625 meters above the Beipan River, the bridge is a key project of an expressway linking the Liuzhi special district of Liupanshui city with Anlong county.(rising作状语,逻辑主语the bridge与rise是主动关系,表“桥梁矗立在北盘江上”,与主句动作同时发生) 新题例题2:The “Mini Ultraman” pottery figure, breathing new life into the museum, has fostered a more imaginative mindset among people.(breathing作伴随状语,逻辑主语the pottery figure与breathe是主动关系,表“陶俑为博物馆注入新活力”,伴随主句动作发生) 常见用法:① 作定语:修饰名词,表主动、进行,可置于名词前或后,如a running boy(正在跑步的男孩)、a bridge linking two cities(连接两座城市的桥梁);② 作状语:多置于句首、句中或句末,用逗号与主句隔开,表伴随、时间、原因等,如Seeing the accident, he called the police.(看到事故,他打了报警电话,表时间);③ 作宾补:用于with复合结构或使役动词后,表主动、进行,如with students reading(学生们正在读书)、I saw him running.(我看到他正在跑)。 方法技巧:看到非谓语动词,先找逻辑主语(通常是主句主语或被修饰的名词),若逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,且动作是进行中或与主句动作同时发生,优先用现在分词;作伴随状语时,多置于句中,用逗号隔开,体现“一边……一边……”的含义。 易错点:① 误将现在分词用于被动关系,如将“被建造的桥梁”误写为a bridge building(正确为a bridge being built);② 作状语时,逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,如误写为Seeing the accident, a call was made(正确为Seeing the accident, he made a call);③ 混淆现在分词与不定式,如表目的时误用现在分词(表目的需用不定式)。 2. 过去分词(done) 核心用法:表被动、完成,可作定语、状语、宾补,逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,动作多为已经完成或被动承受。 新题例题1:A small man-like pottery figure referred to as “Mini Ultraman” due to its exterior.(referred作定语,逻辑主语the pottery figure与refer是被动关系,表“被称为迷你奥特曼的陶俑”,动作已完成) 新题例题2:With a video posted on the Internet showing the pottery figure, it became a hot topic.(posted作宾补,逻辑主语a video与post是被动关系,表“被发布在网上的视频”) 常见用法:① 作定语:修饰名词,表被动、完成,可置于名词前或后,置于前时多表状态,置于后时多表动作,如wasted leaf litter(被废弃的落叶,表状态)、a letter written by him(他写的信,表动作);② 作状语:表被动、完成,多置于句首或句末,用逗号与主句隔开,如Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美,表被动);③ 作宾补:用于with复合结构或使役动词后,表被动、完成,如with the work done(工作被完成)、I had my hair cut.(我剪了头发,头发被剪)。 方法技巧:若逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系,或动作已完成,优先用过去分词;作定语时,若修饰的名词是动作的承受者,用过去分词;作状语时,若主句主语是动作的承受者,用过去分词。 易错点:① 误将过去分词用于主动关系,如将“注入新活力的陶俑”误写为a pottery figure breathed new life(正确为a pottery figure breathing new life);② 混淆过去分词与现在分词的被动式(being done),过去分词表“被动+完成”,being done表“被动+进行”,如a bridge built(已建成的桥)≠ a bridge being built(正在被建造的桥);③ 作宾补时,遗漏被动含义,如误写为with the letter writing(正确为with the letter written)。 3. 不定式(to do) 核心用法:表目的、将来、动作的全过程,可作主语、宾语、状语、宾补、定语,多体现“要做、去做”的含义,否定形式为not to do。 新题例题1:Valentyn Frechka said their model is a win-win because they get fiber for paper and return lignin to cities to use as fertilizer.(to use作目的状语,表“将木质素返回城市的目的是用作肥料”) 新题例题2:Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from duckweed.(to get作宾语,作figured out的宾语,表“弄清楚如何从浮萍中获取大量油脂”) 常见用法:① 作目的状语:多置于句末,表“为了……”,可置于句首(To...),如To get good grades, he studies hard.(为了取得好成绩,他努力学习);② 作宾语:用于某些动词后,如want to do、hope to do、decide to do、figure out to do等,如She wants to go home.(她想回家);③ 作宾补:用于使役动词(ask、tell、want、force等)后,表“让/要求某人做某事”,如He asked me to help him.(他让我帮他);④ 作定语:修饰名词,表“要做的……”,置于名词后,如a task to finish(要完成的任务)。 方法技巧:看到“目的”含义,优先用不定式作目的状语;看到某些固定动词(want、hope、ask等),后面直接接不定式作宾语;作定语时,修饰的名词多为“任务、计划、方法”等,表“要完成、要实现”的动作。 易错点:① 作目的状语时,误用现在分词(现在分词表伴随,不表目的),如误写为He studies hard getting good grades(正确为He studies hard to get good grades);② 某些动词后接动名词(doing),误接不定式,如enjoy doing、mind doing、practice doing,不可接to do,如误写为He enjoys to read(正确为He enjoys reading);③ 使役动词let、make、have后接不定式作宾补时,省略to,如误写为Let him to go(正确为Let him go)。 三、时态语态(基础必考点) 时态语态是语法填空的基础,核心是结合时间标志词、语境判断时态(一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时等),结合主语与动作的关系(主动/被动)判断语态,重点掌握高频时态的标志词和被动语态的结构,结合新题拆解如下: 1. 高频时态(结合标志词判断) (1)一般过去时:表过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,无延续性,标志词:yesterday、last year、in 2016、once、during...(过去的时间段)等,谓语动词用过去式。 新题例题:The Huajiang bridge, which tested the limits of design and construction during building, is now Guizhou’s most striking landmark.(tested用一般过去时,标志词during building(建造期间),表过去发生的动作) (2)一般现在时:表客观事实、事物的固有特征、经常性或习惯性的动作,标志词:always、usually、often、every day、nowadays等,谓语动词用原形(主语是第三人称单数时用第三人称单数形式)。 新题例题:Regular paper needs about 270 days to decompose while paper made of leaves only takes about 30 days.(needs、takes用一般现在时,表客观事实,描述纸张分解所需时间) (3)现在完成时:表过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或动作从过去持续到现在,标志词:to date、so far、recently、since、for+时间段等,结构:have/has + done。 新题例题:To date more than 32,000 bridges have been built or are under construction in Guizhou.(have been built用现在完成时的被动语态,标志词to date,表“到目前为止,桥梁已被建造”) (4)过去完成时:表过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作(过去的过去),标志词:by+过去时间点(by 2019、by last year)、before+过去时间点等,结构:had + done。 新题例题:By 2019, toy giant Pop Mart had turned them into popular plastic toys.(had turned用过去完成时,标志词by 2019,表“2019年之前已经完成的动作”) 方法技巧:先找时间标志词,根据标志词确定时态;无标志词时,结合语境判断——描述客观事实用一般现在时,描述过去的动作无延续性用一般过去时,描述过去动作对现在的影响用现在完成时,描述“过去的过去”用过去完成时。 易错点:① 混淆现在完成时与一般过去时,如误将“到目前为止已建造”写成were built(一般过去时,无“对现在的影响”含义);② 过去完成时的标志词判断错误,如将by+现在时间点(by now)误用过去完成时(应⽤现在完成时);③ 主谓一致错误,如一般现在时中,第三人称单数主语后,谓语动词未加s,如误写为paper takes(正确)→ paper take(错误)。 2. 被动语态(结合时态使用) 核心用法:主语是动作的承受者,结构:be + done(be动词随时态变化),高频时态的被动语态结构如下: ① 一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are + done(表客观事实、固有特征的被动);② 一般过去时被动语态:was/were + done(表过去动作的被动);③ 现在完成时被动语态:have/has + been + done(表过去动作对现在影响的被动);④ 一般将来时被动语态:will be + done(表将来动作的被动)。 新题例题1:Its arms are raised slightly.(are raised用一般现在时被动语态,表陶俑手臂的固有状态,手臂是“被举起”的) 新题例题2:Their consumption rate is exceeded by regeneration speed.(is exceeded用一般现在时被动语态,表客观事实,消耗率是“被再生速度超过”的) 方法技巧:先判断主语与动作的关系——主语不能主动发出动作,用被动语态;再结合时态标志词,确定be动词的形式;注意:不及物动词(如happen、appear、rise等)无被动语态,如误写为The accident was happened(正确为The accident happened)。 易错点:① 遗漏被动语态的be动词,如误写为bridges have built(正确为bridges have been built);② be动词的时态与主语单复数不一致,如误写为arms is raised(正确为arms are raised);③ 不及物动词误用被动语态,如误写为He was appeared(正确为He appeared)。 四、定语从句(高频复合句考点) 定语从句是复合句的核心,修饰名词或代词(先行词),分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,核心是判断先行词的类型(人/物/抽象地点)和在从句中的成分(主语/宾语/状语),确定关系词(that/which/who/whom/where等),结合新题拆解如下: 1. 关系词的选择(核心重点) (1)先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语:用that/which(作宾语时可省略)。 新题例题1:Biofuels, which are distinct from fossil fuels that/which form underground, possess renewability.(先行词fossil fuels指物,在从句中作主语,用that/which) 新题例题2:The intelligent cable-hoisting system guided by the Beidou Navigation Satellite System allowed workers to position steel trusses which/that have high accuracy.(先行词steel trusses指物,在从句中作宾语,可省略that/which) (2)先行词指人,在从句中作主语:用who/that;作宾语:用whom/who/that(可省略)。 拓展例题:The engineer who/that designed the Huajiang Bridge won an award.(先行词the engineer指人,作主语,用who/that);The reporter whom/who/that we met yesterday wrote the article.(先行词the reporter指人,作宾语,可省略关系词) (3)先行词是抽象地点名词(atmosphere、situation、case、point等),在从句中作状语:用where(可还原为in which/on which等)。 新题例题:This unexpected popularity of the pottery figure has created an atmosphere where the integration of traditional culture and modern popular culture becomes a talking point.(先行词atmosphere是抽象地点名词,在从句中作状语,用where,还原为in which) (4)非限制性定语从句:先行词是人或物,用who/whom/which(不能用that),从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,补充说明先行词,不能省略。 新题例题:The Huajiang bridge, which tested the limits of design and construction during building, is now Guizhou’s most striking landmark.(非限制性定语从句,先行词the Huajiang bridge指物,用which,不能用that) 方法技巧:先找先行词,判断先行词是人、物还是抽象地点;再分析先行词在从句中的成分——作主语/宾语用that/which/who/whom,作状语用where/when/why;非限制性定语从句不能用that,且用逗号隔开。 易错点:① 先行词是抽象地点名词时,误用which(which作主语/宾语,不能作状语),如误写为an atmosphere which the integration...(正确为an atmosphere where the integration...);② 非限制性定语从句用that,如误写为The bridge, that tested...(正确为The bridge, which tested...);③ 关系词在从句中作宾语时,误加多余的代词,如误写为The book which I bought it yesterday(正确为The book which I bought yesterday)。 五、其他高频考点(冠词、介词、代词、形容词比较级) 1. 冠词(a/an/the) 核心用法:a/an表泛指(一个),a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指(这个、那个),用于特指上文提到的人/物、独一无二的事物、序数词/最高级前等。 新题例题:It is quite a rare occurrence for the pottery figure to bear such a remarkable similarity to Ultraman.(a rare occurrence表泛指“一种罕见的情况”,a用于辅音音素开头的rare前);Labubu is described as an “elvish creature”.(an用于元音音素开头的elvish前);the opposite表特指“相反的情况”,特指前文提到的“帮助他人”的相反结果。 方法技巧:看到单数可数名词前无限定词,表泛指用a/an;看到特指的人/物、序数词、最高级,用the;注意:不可数名词(如water、air)前一般不用a/an,表特指时用the。 易错点:① 元音音素与辅音音素判断错误,如误写为a elvish creature(正确为an elvish creature);② 泛指与特指混淆,如误写为the rare occurrence(正确为a rare occurrence);③ 独一无二的事物前遗漏the,如误写为sun(正确为the sun)。 2. 介词(高频固定搭配) 核心用法:介词无实际词义,连接名词、代词或动名词,构成介词短语,作定语、状语、表语等,重点掌握高频固定搭配,结合语境判断。 新题高频搭配:① earn a reputation as(作为……赢得声誉);② be friendly to(对……友好);③ be referred to as(被称为……);④ be described as(被描述为……);⑤ inquiries from sb(来自某人的询问);⑥ rise in popularity(人气上升);⑦ for transportation and heating(用于交通和供暖)。 方法技巧:牢记高频固定搭配,看到相关名词(如reputation、inquiries、popularity),直接联想到对应的介词;无固定搭配时,结合语境判断介词含义(如from表“来自”,to表“对……”,for表“用于……”)。 易错点:① 固定搭配中介词混淆,如误写为earn a reputation for(表“因……赢得声誉”)与earn a reputation as(表“作为……赢得声誉”)混淆;② 介词遗漏或多余,如误写为be friendly with(正确为be friendly to);③ 介词后接动词原形,如误写为for transport(正确为for transportation)或for transport(需用名词/动名词)。 3. 代词(人称代词、物主代词、指示代词) 核心用法:人称代词(主格:I/you/they等;宾格:me/you/them等),作主语、宾语;物主代词(形容词性:my/your/their等,后接名词;名词性:mine/yours/theirs等,不接名词);指示代词(that/those,指代前文提到的名词,避免重复)。 新题例题1:Chinese enterprises are reshaping their international image.(their是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词international image,指代“中国企业的”) 新题例题2:We find its head particularly similar to that of Ultraman.(that是指示代词,指代前文提到的head,避免重复,同类不同物) 方法技巧:名词前缺定语,用形容词性物主代词;动词/介词后缺宾语,用人称代词宾格;指代前文提到的单数可数名词/不可数名词,用that;指代复数名词,用those;避免用it指代同类不同物(it指代同一个事物)。 易错点:① 混淆形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词,如误写为their international image(正确)→ theirs international image(错误,theirs不接名词);② 指示代词that/those与it混淆,如误写为its head similar to it of Ultraman(正确为that of Ultraman);③ 人称代词主格与宾格混淆,如误写为I met he yesterday(正确为I met him yesterday)。 4. 形容词比较级 核心用法:表两者之间的比较,标志词:than、much、a little、even等;单音节词和部分双音节词,直接加-er(如few→fewer、quick→quicker);多音节词,加more(如beautiful→more beautiful);不规则变化(如good→better、bad→worse)。 新题例题:The process of making paper from leaves sends out nearly 78 percent fewer greenhouse gasses than the traditional paper producing model.(few的比较级是fewer,标志词than,修饰可数名词复数greenhouse gasses) 方法技巧:看到than,优先用比较级;判断形容词是单音节/双音节还是多音节,确定加-er还是more;结合名词可数性,判断用fewer(修饰可数名词复数)还是less(修饰不可数名词)。 易错点:① 混淆fewer与less,如误写为less greenhouse gasses(正确为fewer greenhouse gasses);② 多音节词误加-er,如误写为beautifuler(正确为more beautiful);③ 不规则变化混淆,如误写为gooder(正确为better);④ 比较级前多余more,如误写为more fewer(正确为fewer)。 六、解题技巧总结(实战性强) 结合两组新题,总结语法填空解题“四步法”,帮助学生快速突破,提升解题正确率,避免机械刷题: 第一步:分析句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语),判断空格处所需词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、代词等),缩小范围; 第二步:结合考点特征,确定具体形式——若为词性转换,根据句子成分判断转换方向(如名词变形容词、形容词变名词);若为非谓语动词,判断逻辑主语与动作的关系(主动/被动)和动作状态;若为时态语态,结合标志词和主语与动作的关系判断;若为定语从句,确定先行词和关系词; 第三步:结合固定搭配、语境含义,验证答案,确保语法正确、语义通顺,避免拼写错误(如后缀拼写、动词过去式/过去分词拼写); 第四步:做完后通读句子,检查主谓一致、时态一致、介词搭配、拼写等细节,避免低级错误。 补充提示:语法填空的核心是“语境+语法”,无需死记硬背规则,重点掌握“方法技巧+易错点”,结合举一反三练习题强化运用,做到“会一道题,会一类题”,真正提升语法应用能力。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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