内容正文:
Unit 1 The Changing World . (知识讲解)
学习目标
单元主题
人与自我→个人情况→外貌与性格
人与社会→时代变迁→家乡发展
必备单词
Section A
rough adj.崎岖的
sandstorm n.沙尘暴
farmland n.耕地
shortage n.短缺
lack n.缺乏
bush n.灌木
root n.根
soil n.土壤
sandy adj.铺满沙子的; 含沙的
government n.政府
support n.&v.支持
corn n.玉米;谷物
high-tech adj.高科技的
greenhouse n.温室
highway n.公路
railway n.铁路
attraction n.向往的地方; 吸引力
product n.产品
greatly adv.大大地;非常
socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者
e-payment n.电子支付
housing n.住房;住宅
digital adj.电子的
audio adj.音频的n.音频
dirt n.泥土;尘土
track n.小路;轨道
wide adj.宽的;宽阔的
Section B
link n.交通路线;联系v.连接
port n.港口
capital n.首都
Kenyan n.肯尼亚人adj.肯尼亚的;肯尼亚人的
benefit v.得益于;使受益n.优势;益处
convenient adj.方便的
business n.生意;商业
ease n.容易;自在
lorry n. 卡车
manager n.经理
conclusion n.总结
narrow adj.狭窄的
villager n.村民
lead v.(led /led/,led)带领;过(某种生活)n.领先地位;主角
man-made adj.人造的;非天然的
miracle n. 奇迹
junior adj.低年级的;初级的
flat n.公寓
discussion n. 讨论
aspect n. 方面
高频短语
1.bring about带来;引起
2.be covered with被…覆盖
3.a lack of缺乏…
4.all the time一直
5.since then从那时起
6.quite a lot相当多
7.come back回来
8.a few一些,几个a little少量的
9.tons of成吨的;许多;大量
10.all over遍及
l1.in one's opinion按某人的意见;据某人看来
12.for ages很久;很长时间
13.have been to去过(某地)have gone to去了(某地)
14.as well as也;还;并且;除…之外(还)l5.take place发生;举行
16.thousands of成千上万的
hundreds of成百上千的millions of数百万的
17.as a result因此,结果
18.between.and.在…和…之间
19.get to到达arrive in/at
20.cut.to把…缩短/削减到…
21.more than超过,多于
22.a lot许多;很
23.be happy with对…感到满意
24.on time准时in time及时
25.with ease轻而易举地
26.far away遥远
27.each other互相
28.hear of/about听说
29.be known/famous as作为…而闻名
be known/famous for因…而闻名
30. be different from和…不同
31.primary school小学 junior high school初中
32.for example例如
33.be far from离…远
34.as well也
35.stay the same保持不变
36.the number of+可数名词复数…的数量
a number of+可数名词复数许多…
常考用法
1.used to do sth过去常常做某事 be used to do sth被用来做某事 be used to doing sth习惯于做某事
2.比较级+and+比较级 越来越…...
3.begin doing sth begin to do sth 开始做某事
4.much+比较级 …....得多
5.be able to do sth 能够做某事
6.be determined to do sth 下定决心做某事
7.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
8.Itis+形容词(+for sb)+to do sth..(对某人来说)做某事是…...的。
9.It takes(sb)some time to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)一段时间。
l0.make it+形容词(+for sb)+to do sth 使得(某人)做某事…
常考句型
1. It took half a day to reach the town. 到达镇上花费半天时间。
2. The area used to be covered with sand. 这片区域过去被沙子覆盖。
3. Have you been to the new library yet?你去过新图书馆吗?
4. This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.
这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场,也很难发展工业。
5. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远,但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何携手合作,共建一个更美好的世界。
6. Today, Saihanba is known as “the green miracle”.如今,塞罕坝被誉为“绿色奇迹”。
重点语法
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
主题写作
如何介绍变化的世界
Section A How do you spend your free time?
1、It took half a day to reach the town.到达镇上花费半天时间。(教材第2页,1c)
(1)It takes( Sb )some time to do sth.做事花费(某人)一段时间。
其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。
It took us three hours to repair the bike.我们花了三个小时修理这辆自行车。
形式主语 真正的主语
【拓展】“It takes sb some time to do sth”可以转换成
“人+spend(s)+时间+doing sth” 或“人+spend(s)+时间+on sth”结构。
It took me three days to finish the work.我花了三天时间完成了这项工作。
=I spent three days finishing the work.
=I spent three days on the work.
真|题|链|接
(2026·广州期中)根据汉语意思完成句子。
咨询师 Linda 花了两个小时跟 Andy 沟通。
________ ________the counselor Linda two hours_______ _______with Andy.
解析: 我们可用“固定句式法”解答此题。由汉语意思及英语句子结构可知,应用固定句式“It takes sb some time to do sth.”来表示“做某事花费某人一段时间”;根据汉语意思可知,句子应用一般过去时,谓语动词take用过去式 took; communicate with sb“与某人沟通”,是固定短语。
答案It took;to communicate
2)辨析:reach,arrive与get
三者均有“到达”之意,但用法不同。
reach
及物动词
reach+地点名词
arrive
不及物动词
arrive in+大地点; arrive at+小地点
get
不及物动词
get to+地点名词
Jack will reach Paris tomorrow. 杰克明天将到达巴黎。
They arrived in London last night. 昨晚他们到达了伦敦。
He arrived at the park early. 他早早就到公园了。
You should get to the station before 8: 00 a.m. 你应该在上午8点前到达车站。
【注意】当arrive和 get后接地点副词here,there,home等时,地点副词前不加介词。
My father arrives/gets home at five o'clock every day. 我爸爸每天五点钟到家。
真|题|链|接
(广西贵港中考)
-When will Mr Green_________Beijing?
-In a week.
A. reach B.get C.arrive D.come
解析:我们可用“用法辨析法”解答此题。
reach是及物动词,后面直接接地点名词;get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,其后要接to再接地点名词; arrive是不及物动词,表示到达大地方时应加介词in,到达小地方时应加介词at; come是不及物动词,不能直接跟宾语。由题干中空格后的地点名词 Beijing 可知选reach。
答案:A
2、Going to school by bus took nearly 40minutes over rough roads.坐公共汽车上学,在崎岖的路上花费将近40分钟。(教材第2页,lc)
(1)动名词(短语)作主语
going to school by bus是动名词短语,在句中作主语。单个动名词(短语)作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading English every morning helps improve your pronunciation. 每天早上读英语有助于提高你的发音水平。
Helping others makes the world warmer. 帮助他人让世界更温暖。
真|题|链|接
(贵州铜仁中考)-Using public chopsticks___________necessary when eating with others.
-That's right.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。分析题干可知,此处应为单个动名词短语Usingpublic chopsticks 作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,排除B、D两项;结合空格所在句句意“与他人一起吃饭时,使用公筷是必要的”可知,此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性,应用一般现在时,故选is。
答案:A
(2)over〔介词〕
①穿越;从一边到另一边
They ran over the grass. 他们跑过草地。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
②多于,超过相当于more than。
There are over forty students in his class. 他班里有40多名学生。
③越过
Tom jumped over the wall. 汤姆跳过了那堵墙。
④在……正上方
They held a large umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起了一把大伞。
⑤遍及
They travelled all over the world. 他们游遍了全世界。
3、They used to have to travel far to see a doctor.他们过去得去很远的地方看医生。(教材第2页,1c)
辨析: used to do sth, be used to do sth与 be used to doing sth
used to do sth
过去(常常)做某事
主语为人或物
表示过去经常发生的动作
be used to do sth
被用来做某事
主语多为物
强调某物的用途,与 be used for
doing sth同义
be used to doing sth
习惯于做某事
主语为人或物
表示过去或现在的习惯性动作,与get used to doing sth同义
He used to be very shy and afraid to speak in public. 他以前很害羞,不敢在公众面前讲话。
This big hall is used to hold different kinds of school activities. 这个大厅被用来举办各种学校活动。
My uncle is used to walking for an hour after dinner every day. 我叔叔习惯每天晚饭后散步一小时。
4、The hills were covered with sand.山上覆盖着沙子。(教材第2页,1c)
be covered with.被···覆盖;为被动形式,其主动形式为cover...with.“用......覆盖......”。
The ground is covered with thick white snow in winter. 冬天,地面被厚厚的白雪覆盖着。
Please cover the food with a clean cloth before you leave. 在你离开之前,请用一块干净的布盖住食物。
【拓展】 cover
①〔及物动词〕覆盖
Thick glass covers the top of the building. 厚厚的玻璃覆盖着这座建筑物的顶部。
②〔及物动词〕报道,电视报道 The journalist is covering the international sports meeting. 这位记者正在报道国际运动会。
③〔可数名词〕封面;罩子
I like the book because its cover is very beautiful. 我喜欢这本书,因为它的封面很漂亮
真|题|链|接
(2026·贵州黔东南期中)根据汉语意思完成句子。
20世纪80年代,毛乌素沙漠完全被荒沙覆盖。
In the 1980s, the Mu Us Desert was fully__________ ____________barren sand.
解析:对照中英文可知,此处表示“被..覆盖”,应用 be covered with表示。
答案:covered with
5、farmland shortage耕地短缺(教材第3页,2a)
shortage〔名词〕短缺;不足;缺少the shortage of.....的短缺/不足
Many people are worried about food shortage in the future. 很多人担心未来会出现食物短缺。
The shortage of doctors has become a big problem.医生短缺已经成为一个大问题。
6、lack of technology技术缺(教材第3页,2a)
lack
①〔名词〕缺乏;不足 a lack of.......的缺乏
A lack of sleep is bad for your health. 睡眠不足对你的健康有害。
②〔及物动词〕缺乏;没有
They lack the experience to finish the task. 他们缺乏完成这项任务的经验。
7、There used to be sandstorms all the time, and the fields were getting smaller and smaller.过去一直有沙尘暴,而且田地变得越来越小。(教材第3页,2c)
比较级+and+比较级 越来越......
通过在单词前加more构成的比较级,用“more and more+形容词/副词原级”表示“越来越......”。
If we protect the environment, the air will become fresher and fresher. 如果我们保护环境,空气将会变得越来越清新。
The boy is doing his homework better and better.这个男孩作业做得越来越好。
Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市正变得越来越美丽。
真|题|链|接
(2025·广东汕头三模)Fast walking is becoming_____________according to the recent survey.
A. popular and popular B. more popular and more popular
C. popularer and popularer D. more and more popular
解析:我们可用“固定结构法”解答此题。结合选项可知句意为“根据最近的调查,快走正变得越来越受欢迎”。popular的比较级为more popular,故用 more and more popular表示“越来越受欢迎”。
答案:D
8、They began planting it in sandy areas,with the government's support.在政府的支持下,他们开始在沙地里种植这种灌木。(教材第3页,2c)
(1)sandy〔形容词〕铺满沙子的;含沙的
People here used to live in the sandy area and lived a hard life.
这里的人们过去生活在多沙地区,过着艰苦的生活。
The soil here is very sandy, so it is not easy to grow plants. 这里的土壤多沙,所以不容易种植植物。
(2)support
①〔不可数名词〕支持;帮助
give support to sb 给予某人支持 in support of 支持......
We should give support to children in need. 我们应该向有需要的孩子们提供支持。
We held a meeting in support of environmental protection. 我们举行了一次会议支持环境保护。
②〔及物动词〕支持
support sb in(doing)sth 在(做)某事上支持某人
Our teachers always support us in our after-school activities.我们的老师总是在课外活动方面支持我们。
③〔及物动词〕抚养;赡养;支撑
It's their duty to work hard and support their families. 努力工作、养家糊口是他们的责任。
真|题|链|接
(2025·成都中考)根据首字母及句意写出完整单词。
跨学科题 Butterflies not only look beautiful but also s__________plant growth. It's important to protect them.
解析:根据空格所在句句意“蝴蝶不仅外表美丽,还植物生长”可知,此处在介绍蝴蝶对植物的益处,support“支持”符合题意。根据语境可知,此处是一般现在时,主语是复数,谓语动词 support 用原形。
答案:support
9、Have there been any other changes?还有其他变化吗?(教材第4页,3a)
any other 其他的,其后常跟可数名词复数形式,常用于否定句或一般疑问句中。
There aren't any other students watching the match. 没有其他学生在看比赛。
Are there any other questions? 有其他问题吗?
【拓展】“any other+可数名词单数”意为“其他任何一个···”,常用于肯定句中。
He is more talented than any other student in his class. 他比班上其他任何一个学生都有才华。
10、Yes, we've changed the way we farm.是的,我们改变了耕种方式。(教材第4页,3a)
farm
①〔动词〕种(田);务农;养殖
They farm rice and keep some cows on their land. 他们在地里种水稻,还养了一些奶牛。
Many people here farm for a living. 这里许多人以务农为生。
②〔可数名词〕农场;农庄 on the farm在农场上
There are many animals and plants on the big farm.这个大农场里有许多动植物。
【拓展】farmer〔可数名词〕农民;农场主
The old farmer knows how to grow crops well. 这位老农民知道怎样种好庄稼。
11、I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market.过去我在一小块农田里种些蔬菜,拿到当地市场去卖。(教材第4页,3a)
动词不定式(短语)作目的状语
to sell at the local market为动词不定式短语,在句中作目的状语。动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时,可位于句首,用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,也可位于句末。
To protect the environment, we should plant more trees. 为了保护环境,我们应该种更多的树。
We will save water to make our world better. 为了让我们的世界变得更美好,我们会节约用水。
真|题|链|接
(2025·天津中考)The government is developing new plans_____________ancient buildings.
A.protect B. to protect C.protects D.protected
解析:我们可用“句意分析法”解答此题。结合选项可知句意为“政府正在制订新计划以保护古建筑”。此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语,故选 to protect。
答案:B
12、There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables,and sell them in large cities.在那里,我种植大量的水果和蔬菜,并销往各大城市。(教材第4页,3a)
tons of成吨的;许多;大量;后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。
The factory produces tons of waste every year. 这家工厂每年产生成吨的垃圾。
There are tons of interesting places to visit in our city. 我们城市里有很多有趣的地方可以游览。
13、Our village has become a tourist attraction.我们村已经变成了一个旅游景点。(教材第4页,3a)
attraction〔名词〕向往的地方;吸引力
tourist attraction 旅游景点 the attraction of...·的吸引力
The Great Wall is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. 长城是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。
The attraction of the city lies in its long history and culture. 这座城市的吸引力在于它悠久的历史和文化。
14、Have these changes greatly improved your lives?这些变化大大地改善了你们的生活吗?(教材第4页,3a)
greatly〔副词〕大大地;非常;比very 正式,多用于书面语来修饰动词,通常位于动词之前。
The environment has greatly improved in recent years. 近年来环境大大改善了。
We were greatly moved by the story. 我们被这个故事深深打动了。
15、Together you are building a new socialist village,你们正在共同建设一个社会主义新农村。(教材第4页,3a)
socialist
①〔形容词〕社会主义的
China is a great socialist country. 中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
②〔可数名词〕社会主义者
He is a socialist who loves his country deeply. 他是一位深爱自己国家的社会主义者。
16、In your opinion, what has changed the most in your hometown in the last 10years?在你看来,过去10年里你的家乡变化最大的是什么?(教材第4页,3d)
in one's opinion按某人的意见;据某人看来其中,one's表示形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
In my opinion, we should protect the environment around us. 在我看来,我们应该保护我们身边的环境。
In Tom's opinion, reading is very important for students.在汤姆看来,阅读对学生非常重要。
真|题|链|接
(湖北宜昌中考)根据所给汉语和提示词完成句子。
在他看来,学习做饭是有意义的事情。(in)
____________________, learning to cook is a meaningful thing.
解析:“在某人看来”应用in one's opinion或in one's eyes 表示,由汉语“在他看来”可知,one's应用形容词性物主代词 his,且句首字母要大写。
答案:In his opinion/In his eyes
17、They haven't seen each other for ages!他们已经很长时间没见面了!(教材第5页,4a)
for ages很久;很长时间
常与现在完成时连用,相当于for a longtime,但 for a long time 常用于口语中。
I haven't heard from my old friend for ages. 我已经很久没有收到我老朋友的消息了。
They have worked hard to improve their hometown for ages. 他们为了改善家乡已经努力了很长时间。
18、Have you been to the new library yet?你去过新图书馆吗?(教材第5页,4b)
辨析:yet与already
yet
已经;仍然;还
用于句末
多用于疑问句或否定句,在疑问句中意为“已经”,在否定句中意为“还”
already
已经,早已
用于句中或句末
多用于肯定句,用于疑问句时,表示“惊奇;意外”之意
Have you cleaned your room yet? 你打扫房间了吗?
They haven't come back from school yet. 他们还没有从学校回来。
He has already finished his homework. 他已经做完作业了。
Have you known the result of the exam already? 你都已经知道考试结果了?(表惊奇)
19、There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture, as well as a huge section with children's books.有关于科学和中国文化的书籍专区,还有一个很大的儿童书籍区。(教材第5页,4b)
as well as也;还;并且;除·..之外(还)常用来连接两个并列的成分,它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺便提及。
He can speak English as well as French. 他会说法语,也会说英语。
She is good at playing the piano as well as singing English songs. 她擅长唱英文歌,也擅长弹钢琴。
【注意】 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语的数保持一致。
Tom as well as his friends goes to school by bike. 汤姆和他的朋友都骑自行车上学。
真|题|链|接
(2024·江苏无锡一模)用所给单词的适当形式填空。
Sue as well as her parents____________(have)supper yesterday when the telephone rang.
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。
when引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时,表示过去某一时间点,此时主句应用过去进行时,表示在这一时间点主句动作正发生;as well as 连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致,第一个主语为Sue,故谓语动词用单数。
答案:was having
20、I also read some digital books on 6,+.我还在电脑上读了一些电子图书。(教材第5页,4b)
digital〔形容词〕电子的;数字的;数码的
More and more people use digital products in their daily life. 越来越多的人在日常生活中使用电子产品。
The school has bought many new digital teaching tools this term. 这学期学校购买了许多新的数字教学工具。
21、My grandpa listened to some audio books because he can't see well.我爷爷听了一些音频书,因为他视力不好。(教材第5页,4b)
audio
①〔形容词〕音频的;声音的;录音的仅在名词前作定语。
We can improve our listening skills by using audio materials every day.我们可以通过每天使用音频材料来提高听力技能。
Many students like to learn English by listening to audio books. 许多学生喜欢通过听有声书来学习英语。
②〔名词〕音频;声音
Good audio is very important for online lessons. 良好的音频效果对网课来说非常重要。
The audio in this video is very clear. 这个视频里的声音非常清晰。
22、This made it difficult for locals to bring products to the market or to develop industry.这使得当地人很难把产品运到市场,也很难发展工业。(教材第5页,4c)
make it+形容词(+ for sb )+ to do sth使得(某人)做某事...
在此结构中,it为形式宾语,后面的动词不定式短语是真正宾语。常见的有相同用法的动词还有think 和 find。
The use of computers has made it possible for more people to work at home. 电脑的使用让更多的人在家工作成为可能。
I think it important to protect the environment. 我认为保护环境很重要。
She finds it relaxing to listen to music after school.她发现放学后听音乐很令人放松。
真|题|链|接
(2024·黑龙江龙东中考)He found_____very interesting to visit Harbin in winter.
A. this B.that C.it
解析:我们可用“固定结构法”解答此题。“findit+形容词+to do sth”意为“发现做某事是···的”,为固定结构,其中it作形式宾语,动词不定式短语是真正宾语。句意:他发现冬天去哈尔滨旅游很有趣。
答案:C
23、Now great changes have taken place.现在已经发生了巨大的变化。(教材第5页,4c)
辨析:take place与happen
take place
通常指按照计划或安排而“发生”;还可表示“举行;举办”
强调计划性
happen
指毫无计划的突然“发生”;还可表示“碰巧”
强调偶然性
A lot of changes have taken place in people's life recently. 最近,在人们的生活中发生了很多变化。
Many important events will take place in our city next year. 明年我们城市将举办许多重要的活动。
No one knows what will happen in the future. 没有人知道将来会发生什么。
【注意】 take place 与 happen 都不用于被动语态。
24、The government has built thousands of kilometres of highways, railways, and wide roads.政府修建了数千千米的公路、铁路和宽阔的道路。(教材第5页,4c)
(1)thousands of成千上万的,数千的,许许多多的;其后接可数名词复数,表示不确切的数目。
thousand 是数词,意为“千”,当前面有具体数词修饰表确切数目时,其后不加-s,也不与of 连用。类似的词还有hundred(百),million(百万)等。
Thousands of visitors come to visit this museum every year. 每年有成千上万的游客来参观这个博物馆。
There are over two thousand students in our school.我们学校有两千多名学生。
真|题|链|接
(四川内江中考)根据句意及所给单词的首字母写出完整单词。
Many people like pandas. During this May Day holiday,t_________of tourists came to Chengdu Research Base to watch them.
解析:我们可用“联系上下文法”解答此题。由上文句意“许多人喜欢大熊猫”可知,此处应表示来成都研究基地观看大熊猫的游客数量,结合首字母t知应用 thousands,构成短语thousands of,表示“成千上万的”。
答案: thousands
(2) wide〔形容词〕宽的;宽阔的;广泛的
This road is about ten metres wide. 这条路大约十米宽。
There is a wide street in front of our school. 我们学校前面有一条宽阔的街道。
English is a language with wide use around the world. 英语是在世界上广泛使用的语言。
25、As a result, the lives of local people have improved. 结果,当地人的生活得到了改善。(教材第5页,4c)
as a result因此,结果
He didn't prepare for the exam. As a result, he didn't pass it. 他没有为考试做准备,结果没有及格。
【拓展】as a result of..因为/由于......;后面跟名词(短语)、代词,相当于because of。
As a result of the earthquake, many people became homeless. 由于地震,许多人变得无家可归了。
=Because of the earthquake, many people became homeless.
真|题|链|接
(江苏扬州中考) Facial recognition(人脸识别)technology is widely used for payment.__________,we needn't enter the passwords any more.
A. For example C. What's worse B. As a result D.What's more
解析:我们可用“句意分析法”解答此题。for example“例如”;as a result“因此,结果”;what's worse“更糟糕的是”;what's more“而且,更重要的是”。由句意“人脸识别技术被广泛应用在支付方面,
,我们不必再输入密码”可知,下文是上文的结果。故选As a result
答案:B
26、They are much richer and happier than they once were.他们比以前要富有和幸福得多。(教材第5页,4c)
much+比较级…得多
much用于比较级前,表示程度,以加强语气。
High-speed trains are much faster than traditional ones..高铁比传统火车快得多。
Health is much more important than money.健康比金钱重要得多。
【拓展】修饰比较级的词和短语还有even,far,a little,a bit,a lot等
She is a little taller than her sister. 她比她妹妹稍微高一点。
Running is a lot more relaxing than staying at home. 跑步比待在家里放松得多。
比较级前的修饰词语
两多(much,a lot)两少(a little,a bit)一甚至(even),还有一个远(far)去了。
真|题|链|接
(2024·黑龙江牡丹江中考)If you learn more about safety rules,you will be much______.
A.safe B.safer C.the safest
解析:我们可用“关键词法”解答此题。由much常用来修饰比较级表示程度可知,此处应选比较级safer。句意:如果你了解更多安全规则,你将安全得多。
答案:B
Section B How can a hobby improve your life?
1、In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. 2017年,全新的480千米蒙巴萨-内罗毕铁路正式通车。(教材第6页,1b)
复合形容词;480-kilometre意为“480千米的”,是一个复合形容词,其结构为“数词-可数名词单数”,另外也有“数词-可数名词单数-形容词”结构的复合形容词。
【注意】
在复合形容词中,名词要用单数形式。复合形容词只能放在名词前作定语,不能作表语。
We will have a three-day holiday. 我们将有一个3天的假期。
She has an eight-year-old daughter. 她有一个8岁的女儿。
真|题|链|接
(2024·黑龙江绥化中考) An________boy, Li Wen, works hard and gets good grades in his final exam.
A.eighteen-year-olds B.eighteen-year-old C. eighteen years old
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。结合选项并分析题干可知,空格处单词修饰名词 boy,应用复合形容词作定语,其构成为“数词-可数名词单数-形容词”。句意:一个18岁的男孩,李文,学习很努力,在期末考试中取得好成绩。
答案:B
2、 Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port,and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901.在此之前,肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨与首都内罗毕之间仅有的交通路线是崎岖的公路和一条建于1901年的老旧铁路。(教材第6页,1b)
(1)link
①〔名词〕交通路线;联系 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
The new railway is an important link between the two cities. 这条新铁路是这两座城市间重要的交通路线。
There is a close link between health and good habits. 健康和好习惯之间有着密切的联系。
②〔动词〕连接;联系
link A and B把A和B连接起来
link A to B把A与B联系起来;把A连接到B上
The new bridge links the city and the small town.这座新桥连接了城市和小镇。
We can link this problem to our daily life. 我们可以把这个问题与我们的日常生活联系起来。
(2)capital〔名词〕首都;省会
the capital of.....的首都/省会
Beijing, the capital of China, is a beautiful and ancient city. 中国的首都北京是一座美丽又古老的城市。
Zhengzhou is the capital of Henan Province. 郑州是河南省的省会。
(3)过去分词短语作后置定语
an old railway line built in 1901意为“一条建于1901年的老旧铁路”,过去分词短语builtin 1901作后置定语,修饰前面的railway line。过去分词短语作定语时常放于被修饰词之后,且表示被动意义。
The Smiths have a daughter named Jessica. 史密斯夫妇有一个名叫杰茜卡的女儿。
I like songs sung by my father. 我喜欢爸爸唱的歌。
【拓展】过去分词短语作定语相当于一个关系从句。
I like the poems written by Li Bai. 我喜欢李白写的诗。
=I like the poems that were written by Li Bai.
3、However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers.然而,这条在中国帮助下修建的新铁路,已经为乘客们将蒙巴萨和内罗毕之间的旅行时间缩短到大约4个小时。(教材第6页,1b)
(1)辨析:however与but
两者均有“然而,但是”的意思,但用法不同。
however
副词
常作插入语,位于句首时,其后通常有逗号,位于句中时,前后均使用逗号,位于句尾时,其前有逗号
but
连词
表示很明显的对比,转折的意味比 however 要强,从语序上看,but 总是置于连接的分句开头
This task is difficult. However, we will try our best to finish it. 这个任务很难。然而,我们会尽全力完成它。
I want to help you, but I don't know how to do it. 我想帮你,但我不知道该怎么做。
真|题|链|接
(2024·江苏无锡中考) I thought I did badly in the exam._______,I got a 60 and passed. Hooray!
A.Maybe B. Instead C. Almost D.However
解析:我们可用“词义辨析法”解答此题。maybe“也许”;instead“反而”;almost“几乎”;however“然而”。根据句意“我以为我考试考得不好。我得了60分,通过了考试。好极了!”可知,此处表转折,故选However
答案:D
(2)cut〔动词〕
①缩短;削减
cut...to... 把......缩短/削减到.......
We should cut the cost of our daily life. 我们应该削减日常生活的开支。
The new subway cuts the travel time from my home to school to less than 20 minutes.
这条新地铁把从我家到学校的出行时间缩短到不到20分钟。
②切;割;剪
He cut his finger by accident yesterday. 他昨天不小心割破了手指。
My mother cuts my hair every month. 我妈妈每个月给我剪头发。
【拓展】cut常见短语:
cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒;减少 cut off切掉;中断 cut in line 插队
4、Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway.肯尼亚当地人从这条新铁路中受益匪浅。(教材第6页,1b)
(1)Kenyan
①〔名词〕肯尼亚人;其复数形式是Kenyans。
The Kenyan told us a lot about his country. 这位肯尼亚人给我们讲了很多关于他国家的事。
Some Kenyans come to China to study or work. 一些肯尼亚人来中国学习或工作。
②〔形容词〕肯尼亚的;肯尼亚人的
The Kenyan government is trying to develop its local education. 肯尼亚政府正努力发展当地教育。
Do you know about Kenyan living habits? 你了解肯尼亚人的生活习惯吗?
【拓展】Kenya肯尼亚(国家名)
Kenya is a beautiful country in Africa. 肯尼亚是非洲一个美丽的国家。
(2)benefit
①〔不及物动词〕得益于;受益 benefit from... 从......中受益
We will all benefit from the new subway in our city. 我们都将从我市新建的地铁中受益。
②〔及物动词〕使受益
The new library will benefit every student in our school. 新图书馆将使我校的每一位学生受益。
③〔名词〕优势;益处 be of great benefit to... 对......大有裨益
Doing sports every day is of great benefit to our health. 每天做运动对我们的健康大有益处。
5、I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends.我对中国朋友修建的这条新铁路感到非常满意。(教材第6页,1b)
be happy with.…对......感到满意 相当于 be pleased with。
My parents are happy with my progress in my studies. 我父母对我在学习上的进步感到满意。
Everyone in the group was happy with the result of the game. 小组里的每个人都对比赛的结果感到满意。
6、My experience of using the train since2017 has been good.自2017年乘坐该铁路上的火车以来,我的体验一直很好。(教材第6页,1b)
experience
①〔可数名词〕体验;(一次)经历
Travelling alone will be a wonderful experience for you.独自旅行对你来说将会是一次很棒的经历。
②〔不可数名词〕经验;其后常接介词in或of短语,表示在某方面的经验。
He has rich experience in teaching English. 他有丰富的英语教学经验。
③〔及物动词〕经历;体验;感受
Many teenagers have experienced different kinds of difficulties. 许多青少年都经历过各种各样的困难。
【拓展】experienced〔形容词〕有经验的
She is an experienced nurse and can deal with many problems. 她是一位有经验的护士,能处理很多问题。
真|题|链|接
(江苏扬州中考)-What places of interest are there in Yangzhou?
-I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful____________!
A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research
解析:我们可用“词义辨析法”解答此题。movement“活动”;attraction“向往的地方”; experience“体验;经历”; research“研究”。由答语前句句意“我推荐瘦西湖”可知,此处指乘船游览是一种美好的体验,故选 experience。
答案:C
7、It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money.它既方便又不贵。(教材第6页,1b)
convenient〔形容词〕方便的;be convenient for... 对......来说很方便
【注意】convenient意为“方便的”时,不能用人作主语。
It is convenient for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事很方便。
The new bus stop is convenient for old people. 这个新公交站对老年人来说很方便。
It is convenient for us to take the subway to school. 对我们来说,乘地铁上学很方便。
真|题|链|接
(2024·武汉中考)My neighbourhood is very________because it's near the shopping center and the bus station.
A.smart B. peaceful C. friendly D.convenient
解析:我们可用“逻辑推理法”解答此题。smart“聪明的”;peaceful“安静的”;friendly“友好的”;convenient“方便的”。由空格后句意“因为它靠近购物中心和公共汽车站”可知,社区靠近购物中心和公共汽车站会很“方便”,故选 convenient.
答案:D
8、I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.我能准时到达各地,轻而易举地谈成生意。(教材第6页,1b)
(1)be able to do sth 能够做某事;其人称、数和时态的变化都体现在be动词上。
Though he was very tired, he was able to finish the work on time. 虽然他很累,但他能够按时完成工作。
If you keep practising, you will be able to speak English well. 如果你坚持练习,你将能够说好英语。
【拓展】be unable to do sth 不能做某事
He was unable to express himself clearly. 他不能清楚地表达自己的意思。
(2)辨析: on time与in time
on time
准时,按时
指按规定时间做某事,强调不早不晚
in time
及时
强调正好赶上事先约定的时间,没有迟到;(be)in time for sth 表示“正赶上某事”
We must hand in our homework on time everyday. 我们必须每天按时交作业。
They got to the station in time to catch the train. 他们及时赶到车站,赶上了火车。
If you run, you will be in time for the first class. 你如果跑过去,就能及时赶上第一节课。
(3)ease〔不可数名词〕容易;自在with ease(=easily)轻而易举地;毫不费力地
This computer is popular because of its good design and ease of use.这台电脑因设计巧妙、简单易用而广受欢迎。
He passed the English test with ease because he worked hard. 他因为学习努力,轻松地通过了这次英语测试。
9、Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world.虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远,但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何携手合作,共建一个更美好的世界。(教材第6页,1b)
although〔连词〕虽然,尽管;引导让步状语从句,相当于though。although/though 引导的状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。
Although/Though he was tired,he went on working. 虽然他累了,但他还是继续工作。
He often helps me with my English although/though he is quite busy. 他尽管相当忙,但还是经常帮我学英语。
【注意】although/though与but不能同时用在一个句子中,两者只能用其一
Although/Though he isn't rich,he always helps others.
=He isn't rich,but he always helps others.他虽然不富裕,但总是帮助别人。
真|题|链|接
(重庆中考B卷)________Zhang Guimei isn't in good health,she works hard to help her students.
A.Although B.If C.Because D.When
解析:我们可用“句意分析法”解答此题。although“虽然”;if“如果”;because“因为”;when“当…时”。由句意“张桂梅身体不好,她努力工作帮助她的学生”可知,应用although引导让步状语从句。
答案:A
10、the number of people who use the new train every year每年使用新火车的人数(教材第7页,1c)
辨析:the number of与a number of两者都接可数名词复数形式,但用法不同,具体如下:
the number of
…的数量
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
a number of
许多
可用large,.small等修饰number;作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
The number of people using smartphones is becoming larger and larger. 使用智能手机的人数正变得越来越多。
I have read a number of famous novels during the winter holiday. 寒假期间我读了许多名著。
真|题|链|接
(2024・州期末)用所给单词的适当形式填空。
The number of sharks_______________(drop)in the past 20-30 years.
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。根据时间状语in the past20-30 years(在过去的
二三十年里)可知,本句用现在完成时;“the number of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。句意:在过去的二三十年里,鲨鱼的数量已经下降了。答案has dropped
11、Have you seen or heard of any similar changes in the world over the last several years??在过去几年里,你在世界上见过或听说过类似的变化吗?(教材第7页,1)
hear of听说;相当于hear about,.表示间接听到或听说,不可用于进行时。
Nobody in our class has heard of that strange place.我们班里没人听说过那个奇怪的地方。
Did you hear of the new plan about our school trip? 你听说关于我们学校旅行的新计划了吗?
【注意】hear of与hear about后面接名词或代词作宾语,不能接that从句
【拓展】hear from sb收到某人的来信/电子邮件/电话;得到某人的消息
How often do you hear from your brother? 你多久收到一次你哥哥的来信?
12 、The bridge made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city.这座桥让村民们过河去城里变得很方便。(教材第8页,2b)
辨析:across,through,over与past
It's very dangerous for children to run across the busy street. 孩子们跑过繁忙的街道是非常危险的。
The visitors walked through the beautiful park and enjoyed the fresh air.游客们穿过这座美丽的公园,享受着新鲜空气。
Look!A plane is flying over the high mountains in the distance.看!一架飞机正飞越远处的高山。
I go past a big library on my way to school every morning. 我每天早上上学路上经过一个大图书馆。
13、 Our farm has a lot of laying hens..我们农场有很多蛋鸡。(教材第8页,2)
(1)现在分词(短语)作定语
laying是动词lay(下蛋)的现在分词,作定语,修饰名词hens。现在分词作定语,表示被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系。本句中,hens主动发出lay这个动作。单个的现在分词作定语,通常放在被修饰词前面。
a sleeping baby一个正在睡觉的婴儿
a running boy一个正在跑的男孩
【注意】现在分词短语作定语,放在被修饰词后面。
The girl singing in the classroom is my sister. 正在教室里唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。
(2)lay〔动词)(1aid,laid)产(卵);下(蛋);放置;摆放
This hen almost lays an egg every day. 这只母鸡差不多每天下一个蛋。
They're laying the table. 他们正在摆放餐具。
【注意】lay还可以作动词lie的过去式,意为“躺”。
He lay on the sofa and fell asleep. 他躺在沙发上睡着了。
14、They feed on corn,vegetables,and insects,.它们以玉米、蔬菜和昆虫为食。(教材第8页,2b)
feed〔动词)(fed,fed)给(人或动物)食物;喂养;饲养;进食
①feed on以…为食
Pandas feed on bamboo.大熊猫以竹子为食。
②feed sb/sth(om)sth 用某物喂养某人/某物
We feed sheep on grass. 我们用草喂绵羊。
③feed sth to sb/sth 把某物喂给某人/某物
Don't feed bread to ducks. 不要拿面包喂鸭子。
15、With support from the government,Wang Shanghai led a group of 369people who were determined to make the environment of Saihanba better..在政府的支持下,王尚海带领369名决心改善塞罕坝环境的人。(教材第8页,2c)
lead
①〔及物动词)(led,led)带领;带路
He led the old man across the road.他带着这位老人过了马路。
②〔及物动词〕(led,led)过(某种生活)
We should lead a quiet and peaceful life.我们应该过平静安宁的生活。
③〔名词〕领先地位;主角
Our team is in the lead now.我们队现在处于领先地位。
She plays the lead in the play.她在这部戏里扮演主角。
【拓展】leader(名词)领导者;领袖
He is an excellent leader.他是一位优秀的领导者。
真|题|链|接
(2024·内蒙古包头中考)用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子(每空仅限1个单词)。
As a_________of a team,you need to plan well and make good decisions quickly.(lead)
解析:由of a team知此处指团队的领导者,lead的名词leader意为“领导者”;不定冠词a后跟可数名词单数。答案:leader
16、Over the next 60 years,workers planted bushes and trees,creating the world's biggest man-made forest.在接下来的60年里,工人们种植了灌木和树,造就了世界上最大的人工林。(教材第8页,2c)
man-made〔形容词)人造的;非天然的;是由名词man与make的过去分词made构成的合成形容词,作定语
This is a man-made lake . 这是一个人工湖。
We can see many man-made satellites flying around the earth. 我们能看到许多人造卫星绕着地球飞行。
17、Today.Saihanba is known as"the green miracle”、如今,塞罕坝被誉为“绿色奇迹”。(教材第8页,2c)
be known as作为…而闻名;相当于be famous as,后面接表示身份、职业、称号等的词。
Lu Xun is known as a great writer.鲁迅作为一名伟大的作家而闻名。
【拓展】be known for因…...而闻名相当于be famous for,后面接出名的原因。
Guilin is known for its beautiful mountains and rivers. 桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
18、Now that I am older,my life is different from when I was in primary school.既然我长大了,生活就和小学时的不一样了。(教材第9页,3a)
be different from和…...不同 其反义短语为be the same as(和......一样)。
The culture in China is different from that in Western countries. 中国的文化和西方国家的文化不同。
Her way of thinking is quite different from yours. 她的思考方式和你的很不一样
This new bag is almost the same as the one I lost last month. 这个新包和我上个月丢的那个几乎一样。
注意:be different from和be the same as前后比较的人或物要是同类或对等。
19、Now my junior high school is farther from home,现在我的初中离家更远了。(教材第9页,3a)
junior
①〔形容词)低年级的;初级的;仅在名词前作定语。 junior high school初中
I am a student in a junior high school.我是一名初中生。
②〔可数名词〕小学生;青少年
All the juniors in our school must take part in this meaningful activity.我校所有小学生都必须参加这次有意义的活动。
20、I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions.我在学习上变得更自信了,并且经常参加小组讨论。(教材第9页,3a)
discussion〔名词〕讨论; have a discussion进行讨论 ;have a discussion about sth讨论某事
We will have a discussion about this plan after class.课后我们将讨论这个计划。
真|题|链|接
(江苏镇江中考)根据句意及汉语提示,写出单词的正确形式,限填一词。
After a heated____________(讨论),the headmasters from different schools reached an agreement.
解析:我们可用“关键词法”解答此题。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应用表示“讨论”的可数名词的单数形式discussion。句意:经过一场激烈的讨论,来自不同学校的校长达成了协议。
答案:discussion
21、It's amazing how much we have achieved together.我们一起取得了这么多成就,真是太棒了。(教材第9页,3a)
辨析:amazing与amazed
amazing令人惊奇的,令人惊喜的
常作定语或表语,说明事物,指某事物具有令人惊奇的特征
amazed大为惊奇的
常作表语,主语一般是人,说明人因某事或某物而感到吃惊
He saw an amazing film about space and technology yesterday..昨天他看了一部关于太空和科技的令人惊奇的电影。
I was amazed at her progress in English learning. 我对她在英语学习上的进步感到大为惊奇。
真|题|链|接
(2026·江苏无锡阶段检测)用所给单词的适当形式填空。
I was_____________(amaze)at her knowledge French writers.
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。was是系动词,后面需要接形容词作表语。amaze是动词,它的形容词形式是amazing和amazed。amazing用来描述事物本身的性质,amazed用来描述人的感受。本句的主语是I,说明“我”的感受应用amazed。be amazed at意为“对…感到惊讶”。答案:amazed
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