Unit 1 The Changing World. Section B 知识清单（单词短语句子+知识点+写作分析+对点写作）2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

本讲义围绕初中英语Unit 1 "The Changing World" Section B，系统梳理38个重点单词（如benefit表“使受益”、convenient需注意主语非人）、18个核心短语（如used to do sth表过去习惯、as a result表结果）、7个重点句式（如含过去分词作定语的复合句），并构建“引出话题-描述变化细节-总结感想”的写作支架，形成从词汇积累到篇章表达的完整学习链。 该资料以“今昔变化”主题为核心，通过单词详解配例句与搭配提升语言能力，句式分析引导学生理解复杂结构培养思维品质，写作模板结合实战演练强化学习能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后便于学生巩固词汇、仿写句式，有效弥补表达短板，提升综合语言运用能力。

Unit 1 The Changing World Section B 重点单词 1. rough adj. 崎岖的 →a rough path崎岖的小路 →反义词smooth adj. 光滑的；平坦的 2. shortage n. 短缺 → food shortage食物短缺 → shortage of workers劳动力短缺 3. lack n. 缺乏 v. 缺乏；没有 → lack experience缺乏经验 4. root n. 根 n. 根源 → root cause 根本原因 5. soil n. 土壤 → rich/poor soil 肥沃的/贫瘠的土壤 6. sandy adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 → sandy beach沙滩 → sandy soil沙质土壤 → sand n. 沙子；沙滩 7. government n. 政府 → local government当地政府 → central government中央政府 8. support n. & v. 支持 → support sb. in doing sth. 支持某人做某事 → in support of 支持 → give support to sb. 给予某人支持 9. high-tech adj. 高科技的 → high-tech industry高科技产业 → high-tech product高科技产品 10. greenhouse n. 温室 → greenhouse effect温室效应 → greenhouse gas温室气体 11. highway n. 公路 → national highway国道 12. railway n. 铁路 → railway station火车站 → railway line铁路线 13. attraction n. 向往的地方；吸引力 → attract v. 吸引 → attractive adj. 有吸引力的 14. product n. 产品 → new product新产品 → product development产品开发 → produce v. 生产；制造 15. greatly adv. 大大地；非常 16. socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 → socialist country社会主义国家 → socialist society社会主义社会 → social adj. 社会的 17. digital adj. 电子的 → digital camera 数码相机 → digital technology 数字技术 → digital payment数字支付 18. audio adj. 音频的 n. 音频 → audio book有声书 → audio equipment音频设备 19. dirt n. 泥土；尘土 → dirt bike越野摩托车 20. track n. 小路；轨道→ train track火车轨道 21. wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的 → wider（比较级） → widest（最高级） 22. link n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接 → link...to... 把……和……连接起来 → link between ……之间的联系 23. port n. 港口 → port city港口城市 24. capital n. 首都 → the capital of... ……的首都 → n. 大写字母 → adj. 大写的 25. benefit v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处 → benefit from从……中受益 → benefit sb.使某人受益 26. convenient adj. 方便的 → inconvenient adj. 不方便的 → convenience n. 方便，便利；便利设施 27. business n. 生意；商业 → do business 做生意 → business trip商务旅行 28. ease n. 容易；自在 → feel at ease 感到自在 → v. 减轻；缓和 → ease sb.’s pain减轻某人的痛苦 29. lorry n. 卡车 复数形式lorries 30. manager n. 经理 → manage v. 管理；经营；设法 → management n. 经营；管理 31. conclusion n. 总结 → draw a conclusion得出结论 → in conclusion总之 32. narrow adj. 狭窄的 → narrow street狭窄的街道 →反义词wide adj. 宽的 33. villager n. 村民 34. lead v. （led, led）带领；过（某种生活） n. 领先地位；主角 → lead to导致 → lead a life过……的生活 → lead the way带路 35. man-made adj. 人造的；非天然的 → man-made satellite人造卫星 → man-made lake人工湖 36. junior adj. 低年级的；初级的 → junior high school初中 → junior student低年级学生 → senior adj. 高年级的 37. discussion n. 讨论 → have a discussion进行讨论 → under discussion在讨论中 38. aspect n. 方面 → different aspects不同方面 → the aspect of life生活的方面 重点短语 1. bring about 带来；引起 2. be covered with 被……覆盖 3. be happy with 对……感到满意 4. down the street 沿街 5. farmland shortage 耕地短缺 6. lack of technology技术匮乏 7. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 8. all the time 一直；始终 9. since then 从那以后 10. as a result 因此 11. quite a lot 相当多；非常多 12. tons of许多；大量 13. take place 发生 14. with ease 轻而易举地 15. the length of ……的长度 16. be known as 被认为；被称为 17. be different from和……不同 18. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会= the Olympic Games 重点句子 1. How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years?过去20年里，你家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ 2. Have there been any other changes? 还有其他变化吗？ 3. He became a good friend of your grandfather about 20 years ago. 大约20年前，他成了你祖父的好朋友。 4. There are sections with books about science and Chinese culture, as well as a huge section with children’s books. 有关于科学和中华文化的书籍区，还有一个很大的儿童书籍区。 5. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. 从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕需要10个小时。 6. I’m very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends.我对中国朋友修建的这条新铁路非常满意。 7. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich. 过去几年里，镇上发生了许多变化，居住在这里的人们变得富有了。 单词详解 1. link /lɪŋk/n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接（教材 P6） 例句 The newly built highway link connects the industrial park to the downtown area. 新建的高速公路连接线将工业园区与市中心区域连接起来。 There is a strong link between regular exercise and good health. 规律运动和身体健康之间存在密切联系。 The new bridge links the two small islands in the lake. 这座新桥连接了湖中的两个小岛。 搭配 （1）a link between A and B A 与 B 之间的联系 （2）break the link 打破联系 / 纽带 （3）link A to/with B 将 A 与 B 连接 / 联系起来 2. capital /ˈkæpɪtl/n. 首都；国都；省会；大写字母；资本 adj. 大写的（教材 P6） 例句 As the capital of China, Beijing has a long history and rich culture. 作为中国的首都，北京拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化。 Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province. 成都是四川省的省会。 In English, we use capitals at the beginning of sentences. 英语中，句子开头要用大写字母。 The company needs more capital to expand its business. 这家公司需要更多资金来扩大业务。 Please write your name in capital letters. 请用大写字母写你的名字。 搭配：the capital of... …… 的首都 / 国都 / 省会 3. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处（教材 P6） 例句 The new policy will benefit low-income families directly. 新政策将直接使低收入家庭受益。 Students can benefit a lot from group discussions in class. 学生能从课堂小组讨论中获益良多。 Regular exercise has many benefits for both physical and mental health. 规律运动对身心健康有诸多益处。 The new law was passed for the benefit of small businesses. 新法律的通过是为了小型企业的利益。 搭配 动词用法： （1）benefit sb/sth 有益于某人 / 某物 （2）benefit from... 从…… 中获益 （3）benefit by... 通过…… 受益 名词用法： （1）be of benefit to... 对…… 有益 （2）for the benefit of sb 为了某人的利益 派生词：beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的 4. convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 方便的（教材 P6） 例句 This supermarket is very convenient. 这家超市很方便。 It’s convenient to take the subway to work. 乘地铁上班很方便。 Mobile payment is convenient for us. 对我们来说手机支付是便利的。 The store is conveniently located near the bus stop. 这家商店位置便利，位于公交站附近。 We value convenience when choosing a restaurant. 选餐厅时我们看重便利性。 用法 & 词形 主语不能为人，常用结构： It’s convenient (for sb) to do sth；sth is convenient for sb 易错：(×) I am convenient to meet you. (√) It is convenient for me to meet you. 派生词：conveniently adv. 方便地；convenience n. 方便，便利；inconvenient adj. 不方便的 5. business /ˈbɪznəs/n. 生意；商业；职责；商务；公司（教材 P6） 例句 She has done business with me for 10 years. 她和我做生意已有十年了。 I know he’s your friend, but business is business. 我知道他是你朋友，但公事公办。 It’s none of your business. 这不关你的事。 He went to New York on business. 他去纽约出差了。 Let’s stop chatting and get down to business. 我们别闲聊了，开始干正事吧。 She runs a small business. 她经营一家小企业。 搭配 （1）do business with... 和…… 做生意 （2）out of business 停业；歇业 （3）none of your business 不关你的事 （4）have no business doing sth 无权做某事 （5）on business 出差 （6）get down to business 开始认真做事 （7）run a big business 经营一家大公司 6. ease /iːz/n. 容易；自在 v. 使减轻；缓解（教材 P6） 例句 She passed the exam with ease. 她轻松通过了考试。 The warm room made Mary feel at ease after the long trip. 长途旅行后，温暖的房间让玛丽感到自在舒适。 He enjoys a life of ease now that he’s retired. 由于他已经退休了，所以过着安逸的生活。 The medicine can ease your pain. 这药能缓解你的疼痛。 English is not easy for everyone. 英语对每个人来说并不容易。 He can finish the work easily. 他能轻松完成这项工作。 搭配 名词： （1）with ease 轻而易举地 （2）at ease 自在；放松 （3）life of ease 安逸的生活 动词： （1）ease pain 缓解疼痛 （2）ease stress 减轻压力 词形变化：easy adj. 容易的；easily adv. 容易地 7. manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/n. 经理（教材 P6） 例句 His father is a manager of a hotel in our city. 他父亲是我们城市里一家宾馆的经理。 She wants to become a sports shop manager. 她想成为一名体育用品店的经理。 Within two years, he started to manage the store. 不出两年他就开始管理这家店了。 The new management techniques aim to improve efficiency. 新的管理技巧旨在提高效率。 How did you manage to solve the problem? 你是怎么设法解决问题的？ 词形 & 搭配 （1）manage v. 负责；管理；设法做成 （2）management n. 经营；管理 （3）manage to do sth 设法做成某事 8. conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/n. 总结；结尾，结局（教材 P7） 例句 After analyzing all the data, the researchers drew a clear conclusion. 分析完所有数据后，研究人员得出了明确的结论。 Don’t jump to conclusions—we need to hear his side of the story first. 别仓促下结论，我们得先听听他的说法。 In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone for their support and dedication to this project. 最后，我想感谢所有人对这个项目的支持和付出。 The movie has a surprising conclusion that no one expected. 这部电影有一个很意外的结局。 搭配 （1）draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论 （2）jump to conclusions 仓促下结论 （3）in conclusion 总之 9. lead /liːd/v. (led /led/, led) 带领；过（某种生活）；通向；导致 n. 领先地位；主角（教材 P8） 例句 The teacher leads us to think independently. 老师引导我们独立思考。 She leads the team to victory. 她带领团队走向胜利。 They lead a busy life in the city. 他们在城市里过着忙碌的生活。 Smoking can lead to health problems. 吸烟会导致健康问题。 She took the lead in cleaning the classroom. 她带头打扫教室。 A good leader should listen to others. 好的领导者应倾听他人。 She plays a leading role in the movie. 她在电影中扮演主角。 用法 & 搭配 动词： （1）lead sb to do sth 引导 / 促使某人做某事 （2）lead sb to... 带领某人去…… （3）lead a/an... life 过一种…… 的生活 （4）lead to 通向；导致；引起 名词： （1）take the lead 带头；领先 （2）in the lead 处于领先地位 派生词：leader n. 领导者；leading adj. 最重要的，主要的 10. junior /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/adj. 低年级的；初级的 n. 职位较低者；青少年（教材 P9） 例句 She’s a junior student at this university, majoring in English. 她是这所大学的低年级学生，主修英语。 He was promoted from junior engineer to senior engineer in just two years. 他仅用两年就从初级工程师晋升为高级工程师。 The event is open to seniors and juniors in high school. 该活动面向高中高年级和低年级学生。 搭配 & 反义词 （1）junior high school 初中 （2）junior student 低年级学生 反义词：senior adj./n. 高年级的；年长的；上级 11. discussion /dɪˈskʌʃn/n. 讨论（教材 P9） 例句 We had a discussion with them about the differences between Britain and the US. 我们和他们讨论了英美两国的不同之处。 Let’s have a discussion about how to solve the problem. 我们讨论一下如何解决这个问题吧。 She was too shy to join in the discussion. 她太害羞了，以至于不敢加入讨论。 The matter is still under discussion between the two companies. 这件事仍在两家公司之间讨论中。 词形 & 搭配 词根：discuss v. 讨论；商量 have a discussion with sb 和某人讨论 have a discussion about sth 就某事展开讨论 join in a discussion 参与讨论 under discussion 正在讨论中 短语详解 be happy with 对…… 感到满意 例句 · She wasn’t happy with the result of the exam. 她对考试结果不满意。 同义短语：be pleased with /be satisfied with 同类 be + 形容词 + with 结构 1. be angry with 对（某人）生气 2. be busy with 忙于（某事） 3. be familiar with 对…… 熟悉 4. be strict with 对（某人）严格 5. be popular with 受…… 欢迎 6. be patient with 对（某人）有耐心 句式详解 1. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. 在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和肯尼亚首都内罗毕之间仅有的交通连接是崎岖的道路和一条建于 1901 年的旧铁路线。（教材 P6） 分析结构 本句为 “主系表” 结构的简单句。 主语为 the only transport links，between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port，and Nairobi， Kenya’s capital 是后置定语修饰 the only transport links。系动词为 were，表语为 rough roads and an old railway line，built in 1901 后置定语修饰 an old railway line。Before then 为时间状语。 ・The book written by Mao Dun is very popular. = The book which is written by Mao Dun is very popular. 茅盾写的这本书非常受欢迎。 ・The burnt trees after the forest fire were black. 森林火灾过后，那些被烧毁的树一片焦黑。 ・Fallen leaves covered the path. 落叶铺满了小路。 当中心词是动作的承受者时，过去分词短语作后置定语相当于 “关系代词（which/that/who 等）+ be 动词 + 过去分词 + 其他成分”，即被动语态的定语从句。 过去分词作定语的位置：单个过去分词通常可前置，也可后置；但过去分词短语（过去分词 + 介词短语 / 副词 / 从句等）必须后置。 2. I am glad that I get to see her every day. 我很高兴每天都能见到她。（教材 P9） 分析结构 本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。主句是 I am glad，其中 I 是主语，am 是系动词，glad 是表语。that 引导形容词后的宾语从句，其中 I 是主语，get to see 是谓语，her 是宾语，every day 是时间状语。 ・I’m glad that the rain stopped, so we can go for a walk in the park. 雨停了，这样我们就能去公园散步了，我很开心。 ・We’re glad that our team won the school basketball match yesterday. 我们队昨天赢了学校篮球赛，我们都很开心。 ・The teacher is pleased that more and more students are taking part in the reading club. 越来越多的学生参加读书俱乐部，老师很欣慰。 “I’m glad that...” 意为 “我很高兴……” 是英语中表达情绪和观点的高频句型。that 可以省略，但当从句较长或结构较复杂时，保留 that 能让句子逻辑更清晰，避免歧义。 主语多为第一人称（I/we），也可以根据语境更换为其他人称。 同义表达：I’m pleased/happy that.. 单元写作 写作话题 本单元的话题是“今昔变化”，与此相关的写作通常包含以下几个方面：（1）自己的变化 （2）自己身边人物/ 事物的变化 （3）家乡的变化等。 写作支架/模板 写“今昔变化”相关文章 引出话题，点明变化的主体 讲述变化的细节 总结对变化的感想 写作解读(从教材内外积累好句) 开头段 ① Over the past few years, my hometown has gone through great changes that I never expected. ② Looking back at the life five years ago, I can clearly feel how different it is from now. ③ No one could imagine that the small village where I grew up would become so modern today. 中间段 ① Ten years ago, most people in my neighborhood rode bikes to go shopping or visit friends. ② We used to write letters to my uncle who lived in another city, and it took two weeks to get a reply. ③ There was only one small shop in our village back then, and it didn’t have many kinds of food. ④ Now, almost every family has a car, and we can also take the new bus line to the city center in 20 minutes. ⑤ We can video call my uncle every weekend now; we can see his face and talk to him anytime. ⑥ There are two big supermarkets near our community, and we can even buy fresh vegetables online. 结尾段 ① I’m really glad to see these changes, as they make our life more convenient and full of fun. ② These changes show how fast our life is developing, and I’m looking forward to a better future. ③ These small but important changes have made my life happier, and I’m grateful for the better times we have now. 经典例题(从经典例题中学会审题) 假设你是李鑫，下周是你小学班主任许老师的生日。你为她画了一幅画，这张画的纸是你自己做的，原材料是旧书。请你写一封电子邮件向许老师简单介绍一下这份礼物，并说说初中以来你的变化，要点如下： 1.今昔对比（外貌； 性格；兴趣爱好）； 2.学习上的进步（两个学科，每个学科至少描述一个进步）。 要求： 1. 写作应包含所有要点；2. 可适当增加情节使文章内容通顺、合理；3. 词数100左右，开头和落款已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：used to do sth; make progress in; in public; connect...with... Dear Ms. Xu, I’m emailing you to say happy birthday to you. I miss you so much. _______________________________________ 精彩范文展示 Dear Ms. Xu, I ’m emailing you to say happy birthday to you. I miss you so much. I’ve painted a picture for you, and the paper was made by myself using old books. I hope you’ll like it. Since graduating from primary school, I’ve changed quite a lot. ① My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. （教材P9） I used to be short and shy, but now I’ve grown taller and become more outgoing. I used to enjoy reading comic books quietly, but now I’m interested in playing basketball and joining in group activities. I’ve become more confident and made great progress in my studies. ② I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. （教材P9） In math, I can solve complex problems and have improved my problem-solving skills. In English, I’ve become better at speaking in public and can express my ideas more clearly now. Thank you for all your support and guidance during my primary school years. 对点写作 实战演练 假设你是李倩，暑假期间你回老家度假，发现你的家乡发生了巨大的变化。请你用英语给你的英国朋友John 写一封电子邮件，描述你家乡的变化，并邀请John 来你的家乡做客。 要点：1. 描述家乡的变化；2. 你的感受。 注意： 1. 邮件须包含上述要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2. 邮件中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3. 词数100 左右 ( 邮件的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数)。 Dear John, How’s it going? This summer vacation, I returned to my hometown and I was amazed by the changes. _______________________________________________________ Would you like to visit my hometown when you have a chance? I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Best wishes. Yours, Li Qian 答案： Dear John, How’s it going? This summer vacation, I returned to my hometown and I was amazed by the changes. Thanks to the government, our village has developed a lot. There are two beautiful parks now. When people are free, they can relax in the parks. My favorite place is a modern library, because I like spending my free time reading there. There is even a gym for people to exercise. The street is cleaner than before. People can buy almost every daily thing in the shops, so life has become much more convenient. Also, the roads are wider and better than before, and travelling has become much easier. Everyone feels happy to live here. Would you like to visit my hometown when you have a chance? I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Best wishes. Yours, Li Qian 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $