内容正文:
语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. The Winter Solstice, also known as the winter festival, is one of the 24 solar terms in China which falls on December 22, or one day before or after it, when the sun is directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, making the day in the northern hemisphere the ______ (short) day and the night longest.
2. As the Winter Solstice is the first term ______ (establish) among the 24 solar terms, it is often regarded as the starting point of China’s traditional solar term system.
3. Since this day ______ (mark) a major change in climate and solar terms, the ancient people attached great importance to it, ______ (view) it as significant as the Spring Festival.
4. The Winter Solstice, a festival with ______ history of more than 2,000 years, originated from the Han Dynasty and reached its peak in glory in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
5. In the Tang Dynasty, to celebrate the Winter Solstice, the emperor and his ministers offered sacrifices ______ heaven and held grand court meetings to pray for a good harvest.
6. While the royal family held formal celebration activities, the common people also held various celebration ______ (ceremony) to welcome the upcoming year and pray for family peace.
7. Basically, the celebration of Winter Solstice nowadays ______ (reflect) in different eating customs in different parts of China, which carries the people’s good wishes.
8. In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, ______ shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from getting frostbite (冻疮) on their ears in the cold winter.
9. In southern China, however, people prefer sweet dumplings, rice balls and long noodles, ______ (express) their wishes for a happy life and a long life.
10. “City bu city”, an internet buzzword ______ (coin) by a foreign blogger named Baobaoxiong during his visit to the Great Wall in Beijing, has become popular online recently.
11. The phrase “city bu city” questions ______ a place has the fashionable atmosphere and modern vitality of a big city like Beijing or Shanghai.
12. Millions of foreigners are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs ______ (go) viral online recently, showing the real and vivid side of China.
13. This trend of foreign tourists exploring China is partly due to the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit policy, ______ allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without a visa.
14. The visa-free transit policy, ______ (aim) for high-level opening-up, has greatly boosted China’s tourism industry and promoted cultural exchanges.
15. When the visa-free transit policy was first introduced in 2013, it only applied ______ seven big cities like Beijing and Shanghai and allowed just 72 hours of stay.
16. China has also made it ______ (easy) for foreign visitors to travel by improving mobile payment accessibility and simplifying the visa application process.
第一组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第一组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、形容词比较级/最高级等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。
1. The Summer Solstice, one of the 24 solar terms, falls on June 21 or 22 every year, when the sun is directly on the Tropic of Cancer, making the day in the northern hemisphere the ______ (long) day and the night shortest.
2. As the Spring Festival is the most important festival ______ (celebrate) in China, it is regarded as a time for family reunion.
3. Since the Spring Festival ______ (symbolize) new beginnings and good luck, people around the country hold grand celebrations, ______ (expect) a better new year.
4. The Spring Festival, a traditional festival with ______ history of more than 4,000 years, is the most important festival in Chinese culture.
5. During the Spring Festival, people usually offer sacrifices ______ their ancestors to show their respect and gratitude.
6. In rural areas, people hold various traditional ______ (ceremony) like dragon dancing and lion dancing to celebrate the Spring Festival.
7. The joy of the Spring Festival nowadays ______ (reflect) in people’s smiling faces and warm family gatherings.
8. In northern China, people like to eat dumplings, ______ shape looks like ingots (元宝), symbolizing wealth and good fortune.
9. In southern China, people often eat glutinous rice cakes, ______ (express) their wishes for a better life and higher achievements.
10. “Little fresh meat”, an internet buzzword ______ (coin) by netizens to describe young and handsome male stars, has been popular for many years.
11. The phrase “little fresh meat” questions ______ a young male star has both good looks and real acting skills.
12. Thousands of young people are fond of following stars, and their related posts ______ (go) viral online recently, attracting wide attention.
13. The trend of following stars is partly due to the development of social media, ______ allows people to get close to their favorite stars easily.
14. Social media platforms, ______ (aim) for better user experience, have provided a convenient way for people to communicate and share.
15. When social media was first popularized, it only applied ______ young people and was not widely accepted by the elderly.
16. Social media has also made it ______ (convenient) for people to keep in touch with their friends and relatives far away.
第二组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. “X Virtual Gathering: Honey”, a new project of X Museum’s digital art platform X Virtual, ______ (launch) on Thursday in Beijing with an exhibition and a video game designed by multiple creatives from home and abroad.
2. Upon entering the exhibition, visitors are grabbed by the electronic music ______ (mix) with a buzzing noise playing in the game, the interface of which is projected on the wall.
3. Depicted in a ______ (future), robotic and metallic style, the worker bee in the game flies through various landscapes, including a mysterious jungle and an erupting volcano.
4. The worker bee in the game ______ (fly) through different levels, triggering eight music pieces, each of which represents a specific event.
5. The eight music pieces in the game immerse the player in ______ adventure with a bee’s perspective, letting them experience the world from a new angle.
6. As an abstract medium, music alters and challenges the participants’ senses, urging us ______ (rethink) ecological justice and species justice.
7. According to the curators (策展人), this project explores the vast, interconnected world of bees and how it ______ (influence) ideas around ecology, human civilization, and capitalism.
8. This project is an urgent response ______ crises such as resource exhaustion and a net loss of biodiversity that we humans are faced with.
9. The project also reflects the slowly widening ______ (divide) between civilization and nature through technological revolutions.
10. At the intersection of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, there is a city called Meizhou, which is the most ______ (concentrate) area for Hakka people in Guangdong.
11. After achieving ______ (stable), most Hakka people choose to live near mountains and rivers, enjoying a peaceful life.
12. The Weilong House is the dwelling place where Meizhou people put their hearts at ease, with its back ______ the mountains and forests and a semi-circular pond in front of its door.
13. Seen from the sky, the Hakka Weilong House is ______ (rough) oval-shaped, embodying the living form and order of life that heaven is round and earth is square.
14. The Songkou Ancient Town, ______ was the first stop for Hakka people to go to Southeast Asia after the late Ming Dynasty, has a long history.
15. In the old street of Songkou Ancient Town, there are colonial-style buildings that ______ (weather) through the years and advertisements full of Southeast Asian charm.
16. The people of Meizhou enjoy a bowl of pickled noodles with a bowl of San Ji Li soup, which ______ (include) pork, pig liver, and pig intestine.
第二组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第二组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。
1. “Digital Art Exhibition: Light”, a new project of the city’s art museum, ______ (launch) last weekend with a series of works created by young artists from all over the country.
2. When entering the exhibition hall, visitors are attracted by the soft light ______ (mix) with warm music, creating a comfortable atmosphere.
3. Designed in a ______ (future), simple and elegant style, the artworks in the exhibition show the beauty of digital art.
4. Each artwork in the exhibition ______ (convey) a unique message, touching the hearts of every visitor.
5. The artworks in the exhibition bring the audience into ______ wonderful world of digital art, letting them feel the charm of technology and art.
6. As a new art form, digital art enriches people’s spiritual life, urging us ______ (explore) more possibilities of art and technology.
7. According to the curators, this digital art exhibition explores the relationship between art and technology and how it ______ (change) people’s aesthetic concepts.
8. This exhibition is a positive response ______ the public’s demand for new art forms and the development of digital technology.
9. The exhibition also reflects the growing ______ (connect) between art and daily life through digital technology.
10. In the west of Hunan Province, there is a city called Zhangjiajie, which is the most ______ (concentrate) area for karst landforms in China.
11. After achieving economic ______ (stable), the local people began to develop tourism and protect the natural environment.
12. The traditional stilt houses in Zhangjiajie are the dwelling places of local people, with their pillars ______ the ground and a spacious yard in front of the door.
13. Seen from a distance, the stilt houses in Zhangjiajie are ______ (rough) rectangular-shaped, embodying the local people’s living wisdom.
14. The Tianmen Mountain, ______ is a famous scenic spot in Zhangjiajie, attracts millions of tourists every year.
15. On the mountain, there are ancient trees that ______ (weather) through hundreds of years and beautiful waterfalls flowing down the cliffs.
16. The local people of Zhangjiajie enjoy a bowl of spicy noodles with a bowl of sour soup, which ______ (include) tomatoes, peppers, and pickles.
语法知识点汇总(系统详细版·适配新题)
本汇总整合两组新题所有高频考点,分模块详细解析,结合新题例题、易错点和方法技巧,补充更多延伸知识,帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络,兼顾基础性和实用性,避免机械记忆,提升灵活运用能力,降低AI感,贴合学生学习实际。
一、词性转换(核心高频考点)
词性转换是语法填空的重中之重,占比极高,核心是根据句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语)判断所需词性,再进行相应转换,常见转换类型、方法及延伸知识如下,结合新题逐一拆解:
1. 名词→形容词(作定语、表语)
核心用法:名词通过加后缀(如-istic、-ful、-less、-y等)转换为形容词,多作定语(修饰名词)或表语(跟在系动词后),结合语境判断含义。
新题例题:Depicted in a ______ (future), robotic and metallic style, the worker bee in the game flies through various landscapes.(答案:futuristic,名词future→形容词futuristic,作定语修饰style,表“未来感的”)
常见转换:future(名词,未来)→ futuristic(形容词,未来主义的);art(名词,艺术)→ artistic(形容词,艺术的);beauty(名词,美丽)→ beautiful(形容词,美丽的);care(名词,关心)→ careful(形容词,仔细的);rain(名词,雨)→ rainy(形容词,下雨的)。
方法技巧:看到名词前有冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)或形容词(如robotic、metallic),且该名词在句中作定语,优先考虑名词变形容词;系动词(is、was、are、look、seem等)后,优先考虑名词/动词变形容词作表语。
易错点:① 混淆名词与形容词的用法,如future(名词)不能作定语,必须转换为futuristic;② 后缀拼写错误,如futuristic不能误写为futureistic;③ 选错后缀,如表示“充满……的”用-ful,“没有……的”用-less,“具有……性质的”用-istic。
延伸知识:部分名词可通过加不同后缀,形成不同含义的形容词,如help(名词,帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)、helpless(无助的);use(名词,用途)→ useful(有用的)、useless(无用的)。
2. 动词→形容词(作定语、表语)
核心用法:动词的现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)均可作形容词,现在分词表“主动、进行”,过去分词表“被动、完成”,多作定语或表语。
新题例题1:In the intersection of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, there is a city called Meizhou, which is the most ______ (concentrate) area for Hakka people in Guangdong.(答案:concentrated,动词concentrate→过去分词concentrated,作定语,表“被集中的”)
新题例题2:The electronic music ______ (mix) with a buzzing noise playing in the game attracts visitors.(答案:mixed,动词mix→过去分词mixed,作定语,表“被混合的”)
常见转换:concentrate(动词,集中)→ concentrated(形容词,集中的);mix(动词,混合)→ mixed(形容词,混合的);lead(动词,带领)→ leading(形容词,领先的)、led(形容词,被带领的);excite(动词,使兴奋)→ exciting(令人兴奋的)、excited(感到兴奋的)。
方法技巧:判断用现在分词还是过去分词,关键看逻辑主语与动词的关系——主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词;修饰物时常用现在分词(如exciting news),修饰人时常用过去分词(如excited people),但也需结合语境(如本题中concentrated area,修饰物,表被动)。
易错点:① 混淆现在分词与过去分词的含义,如concentrating(主动,集中的)≠ concentrated(被动,被集中的);② 误将动词原形或过去式当作形容词,如mix(动词)、mixed(过去式)不能直接作定语,需确认是过去分词作形容词。
3. 形容词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ity、-ness、-th等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语(跟在动词或介词后),结合语境判断后缀,确保词性与句子成分匹配。
新题例题1:After achieving ______ (stable), most Hakka people choose to live near mountains and rivers, enjoying a peaceful life.(答案:stability,形容词stable→名词stability,作achieving的宾语,表“稳定”)
新题例题2:We should pay attention to the ______ (equal) between men and women in the workplace.(拓展例题,贴合考点,答案:equality,形容词equal→名词equality,作pay attention to的宾语,表“平等”)
常见转换:stable(形容词,稳定的)→ stability(名词,稳定);able(形容词,有能力的)→ ability(名词,能力);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happiness(名词,快乐);strong(形容词,强壮的)→ strength(名词,力量);long(形容词,长的)→ length(名词,长度)。
方法技巧:看到动词(如achieve、improve、pay attention to、develop等)或介词(如of、for、about等)后,需要填充成分,优先考虑形容词变名词作宾语;句子开头缺少主语,且语境需要抽象概念时,也可考虑形容词变名词。
易错点:① 后缀混淆,如stable变名词用-ity(stability),而非-ness(stable-ness为错误拼写);② 拼写错误,如happiness不要误写为happyness,strength不要误写为strenght;③ 遗漏后缀,如将stable直接当作名词使用(stable作名词时意为“马厩”,与“稳定”含义不符)。
延伸知识:部分形容词变名词有特殊后缀,需重点记忆,如true(形容词,真实的)→ truth(名词,真理)、warm(形容词,温暖的)→ warmth(名词,温暖),这类特殊转换需结合例句强化记忆,避免混淆。
4. 动词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:动词通过加后缀(如-ion、-ment、-ing、-ure等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语,部分动词可直接名词化(如study、work),结合动词含义和句子成分判断转换形式。
新题例题1:The project also reflects the slowly widening ______ (divide) between civilization and nature through technological revolutions.(答案:division,动词divide→名词division,作reflect的宾语,表“分隔”)
新题例题2:His ______ (donate) to the poor children has helped many kids go back to school.(拓展例题,答案:donation,动词donate→名词donation,作主语,表“捐赠”)
常见转换:divide(动词,划分)→ division(名词,分隔);decide(动词,决定)→ decision(名词,决定);develop(动词,发展)→ development(名词,发展);donate(动词,捐赠)→ donation(名词,捐赠);teach(动词,教)→ teaching(名词,教学)。
方法技巧:看到形容词(如widening、great、important等)修饰,且该成分作主语或宾语,优先考虑动词变名词;部分动词的-ing形式可作名词(动名词),表“动作本身”,如swimming(游泳)、reading(阅读),而加-ion/-ment后缀的名词多表“动作的结果或状态”,如decision(决定的结果)、development(发展的状态)。
易错点:① 后缀拼写错误,如division不要误写为divison,decision不要误写为decison;② 混淆动名词与名词后缀形式,如divide的名词形式是division(表“分隔”这一抽象概念),而非dividing(动名词,表“划分”这一动作);③ 直接用动词作主语/宾语,如将divide当作名词使用(错误),需转换为division。
延伸知识:部分动词有两种名词形式,含义不同,如act(动词,行动)→ action(名词,行动)、actor(名词,演员);vary(动词,变化)→ variety(名词,多样性)、variation(名词,变化),需结合语境区分使用。
5. 形容词→副词(作状语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(通常为-ly)转换为副词,多作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,描述动作的方式、程度、状态等,部分形容词变副词有特殊变化规则。
新题例题:Seen from the sky, the Hakka Weilong House is ______ (rough) oval-shaped, embodying the living form and order of life that heaven is round and earth is square.(答案:roughly,形容词rough→副词roughly,修饰形容词oval-shaped,表“大致上”)
常见转换:rough(形容词,粗略的)→ roughly(副词,大致上);quick(形容词,快的)→ quickly(副词,快速地);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happily(副词,开心地);careful(形容词,仔细的)→ carefully(副词,仔细地);true(形容词,真实的)→ truly(副词,真正地)。
方法技巧:看到动词、形容词或副词后,需要填充成分修饰它们,优先考虑形容词变副词;句子开头或结尾,需要描述整个句子的状态(如fortunately、unluckily),也用副词作状语。
易错点:① 特殊变化规则混淆,如good(形容词,好的)→ well(副词,好地),不是goodly;late(形容词,晚的)→ late(副词,晚地)、lately(副词,最近),含义不同;② 后缀拼写错误,如happily不要误写为happyly,truly不要误写为truely;③ 遗漏-ly,如将rough直接当作副词修饰oval-shaped(错误),需转换为roughly。
延伸知识:部分副词有两种形式,含义不同,如hard(副词,努力地)与hardly(副词,几乎不)、close(副词,靠近地)与closely(副词,密切地),这类副词需结合语境记忆,避免误用。
二、非谓语动词(高频难点考点)
非谓语动词是语法填空的难点,核心是“不能作谓语,需根据逻辑关系判断形式”,常见类型有过去分词(done)、现在分词(doing)、不定式(to do),结合新题逐一拆解,重点讲解用法区别和判断技巧,避免学生混淆。
1. 过去分词(done)—— 表被动、完成
核心用法:过去分词通常表示“逻辑主语与动作之间是被动关系”,或“动作已完成”,在句中可作后置定语、状语、宾语补足语,是新题中出现频率最高的非谓语形式。
新题例题1:As the Winter Solstice is the first term ______ (establish) among the 24 solar terms, it is often regarded as the starting point of China’s traditional solar term system.(答案:established,term与establish是被动关系,作后置定语,表“被确立的”)
新题例题2:Upon entering the exhibition, visitors are grabbed by the electronic music ______ (mix) with a buzzing noise playing in the game.(答案:mixed,music与mix是被动关系,作后置定语,表“被混合的”)
常见用法场景:① 后置定语:名词+done+介词短语/从句,名词与done是被动关系,如a book written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书)、the problem solved yesterday(昨天解决的问题);② 状语:done+句子,逻辑主语是句子主语,与done是被动关系,如Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美);③ 宾语补足语:动词+宾语+done,宾语与done是被动关系,如I had my hair cut yesterday.(我昨天剪了头发)。
方法技巧:看到“名词+______+介词短语/从句”,且名词不能主动发出空格后的动作,优先用过去分词;看到“by+sb”(被某人),大概率用过去分词(表被动)。
易错点:① 误将过去分词当作谓语动词,如将established写成is established(句子已有谓语动词is,不能再用谓语形式);② 混淆过去分词与现在分词,如将mixed写成mixing(music是“被混合”,并非主动“混合”);③ 遗漏过去分词,如空格处直接不填,忽略被动关系。
延伸知识:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为“which/that+be+done”的定语从句,如the term established = the term which is established,便于学生理解句子结构。
2. 现在分词(doing)—— 表主动、进行
核心用法:现在分词通常表示“逻辑主语与动作之间是主动关系”,或“动作正在进行”,在句中可作后置定语、伴随状语、主语、宾语,与过去分词形成鲜明对比,新题中多作伴随状语和后置定语。
新题例题1:Since this day marks a major change in climate and solar terms, the ancient people attached great importance to it, ______ (view) it as significant as the Spring Festival.(答案:viewing,people与view是主动关系,作伴随状语,表“同时发生的动作”)
新题例题2:The visa-free transit policy, ______ (aim) for high-level opening-up, has greatly boosted China’s tourism industry.(答案:aiming,policy与aim是主动关系,作后置定语,表“旨在……”)
常见用法场景:① 伴随状语:句子+逗号+doing,逻辑主语是句子主语,与doing是主动关系,表“伴随主句动作发生的动作”,如He walked on the street, singing a song.(他走在街上,唱着歌);② 后置定语:名词+doing+介词短语/从句,名词与doing是主动关系,如a boy playing football(踢足球的男孩)、a policy aiming for development(旨在发展的政策);③ 主语/宾语:doing作主语或宾语,表“动作本身”,如Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)、I enjoy reading.(我喜欢阅读)。
方法技巧:看到“句子+逗号+______”,且句子主语能主动发出空格后的动作,优先用现在分词(伴随状语);看到“名词+______+介词短语”,且名词能主动发出空格后的动作,优先用现在分词(后置定语)。
易错点:① 混淆现在分词与过去分词,如将viewing写成viewed(people是主动“认为”,并非被认为);② 误将现在分词当作谓语动词,如将aiming写成aims(句子已有谓语动词has boosted,不能再用谓语形式);③ 现在分词拼写错误,如将viewing写成viewing(正确),不要误写为viewwing。
延伸知识:现在分词作伴随状语,可转换为“and+谓语动词”的并列结构,如viewing it as... = and viewed it as...,帮助学生理解伴随关系。
3. 不定式(to do)—— 表目的、动作未发生
核心用法:不定式通常表示“动作未发生”“目的”或“固定句型搭配”,在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语、主语,新题中多考查固定句型和目的状语。
新题例题:As an abstract medium, music alters and challenges the participants’ senses, urging us ______ (rethink) ecological justice and species justice.(答案:to rethink,urge sb to do sth固定句型,不定式作宾语补足语)
常见用法场景:① 固定句型:urge sb to do sth(敦促某人做某事)、encourage sb to do sth(鼓励某人做某事)、advise sb to do sth(建议某人做某事)、want sb to do sth(想要某人做某事),这类句型中,不定式作宾语补足语,必须加to;② 目的状语:to do+句子,表“为了……”,如He studied hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了通过考试);③ 宾语:动词+to do,如want to do(想要做)、hope to do(希望做)、decide to do(决定做)。
方法技巧:看到固定句型(如urge sb ______ do sth),直接填to+动词原形;看到句子开头或句中表“目的”(为了……),优先用不定式to do。
易错点:① 固定句型中遗漏to,如将to rethink写成rethink(urge sb后必须加to do);② 混淆不定式与现在分词,如表目的时用doing(错误),需用to do;③ 不定式的否定形式错误,如否定式是not to do,不要写成to not do。
延伸知识:部分动词后接不带to的不定式(即动词原形),如make sb do sth(让某人做某事)、let sb do sth(让某人做某事)、have sb do sth(让某人做某事),这类固定搭配需单独记忆,与带to的不定式区分开。
三、时态与语态(基础必考点)
时态与语态是语法填空的基础,核心是“先判断时态(根据时间标志词或语境),再判断语态(根据主语与动作的关系)”,新题中重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时,以及对应的被动语态,逐一拆解用法和判断技巧。
1. 一般现在时(do/does;am/is/are)—— 表客观事实、经常性动作
核心用法:表示客观事实、真理、经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,无明确过去/将来时间标志,主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词加s/es;被动语态结构:am/is/are + done。
新题例题1:Since this day ______ (mark) a major change in climate and solar terms, the ancient people attached great importance to it.(答案:marks,描述客观事实,主语this day是第三人称单数,用一般现在时)
新题例题2:Basically, the celebration of Winter Solstice nowadays ______ (reflect) in different eating customs.(答案:is reflected,描述现在的被动状态,nowadays是现在时标志,用一般现在时被动语态)
常见时间标志词:nowadays、usually、often、always、every day、every year、sometimes等;常见用法场景:① 客观事实、真理(如The earth goes around the sun.);② 经常性、习惯性动作(如I get up at 7 o’clock every morning.);③ 现在的状态(如He is a student.)。
方法技巧:无明确过去/将来时间标志,描述客观事实、经常性动作或现在的状态,优先用一般现在时;主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词加s/es;主语与动作是被动关系,用一般现在时被动语态。
易错点:① 第三人称单数遗漏s/es,如将marks写成mark;② 被动语态遗漏am/is/are,如将is reflected写成reflected;③ 混淆一般现在时与一般过去时,如描述客观事实时用过去时(错误)。
2. 一般过去时(did;was/were)—— 表过去发生的动作/状态
核心用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态,有明确的过去时间标志,谓语动词用过去式;被动语态结构:was/were + done。
新题例题:“X Virtual Gathering: Honey”, a new project of X Museum’s digital art platform X Virtual, ______ (launch) on Thursday in Beijing.(答案:was launched,on Thursday是过去时间标志,project与launch是被动关系,用一般过去时被动语态)
常见时间标志词:yesterday、last week、last weekend、on Thursday、in 2023、just now、ago等;常见用法场景:① 过去某个具体时间发生的动作(如He went to school yesterday.);② 过去存在的状态(如She was a teacher three years ago.)。
方法技巧:看到明确的过去时间标志,优先用一般过去时;主语与动作是被动关系,用一般过去时被动语态;注意不规则动词的过去式(如go→went、do→did、see→saw)。
易错点:① 不规则动词过去式拼写错误,如将launched写成launchied;② 被动语态遗漏was/were,如将was launched写成launched;③ 无过去时间标志时误用一般过去时,如描述客观事实时用过去时。
3. 现在完成时(has/have + done)—— 表过去动作对现在的影响、持续到现在的动作
核心用法:表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,有明确的现在完成时标志词;无被动语态(或极少考查),重点考查主动形式。
新题例题1:Millions of foreigners are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs ______ (go) viral online recently.(答案:have gone,recently是现在完成时标志,表过去动作对现在的影响)
新题例题2:In the old street of Songkou Ancient Town, there are colonial-style buildings that ______ (weather) through the years.(答案:have weathered,through the years是现在完成时标志,表持续到现在的动作)
常见时间标志词:recently、up to now、so far、in the past few years、through the years、since then、for+一段时间等;常见用法场景:① 过去动作对现在的影响(如I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了,对现在的影响是可以玩了);② 过去开始,持续到现在的动作(如He has lived here for 10 years. 他在这里住了10年了,从过去持续到现在)。
方法技巧:看到现在完成时标志词,优先用现在完成时;主语是第三人称单数,用has + done;主语是复数或第一、二人称,用have + done;注意不规则动词的过去分词(如go→gone、weather→weathered、see→seen)。
易错点:① 混淆现在完成时与一般过去时,如recently后用一般过去时(错误),需用现在完成时;② 第三人称单数用have(错误),需用has;③ 不规则动词过去分词拼写错误,如将gone写成went。
四、定语从句(高频考点)
定语从句核心是“修饰名词或代词,由关系词引导”,新题中重点考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,以及关系词(which、whose、that)的用法,结合新题拆解,避免学生混淆关系词的选择。
1. 核心概念
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词(新题中多为名词,如dumplings、policy、town等);关系词:引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词(which、that、whose、who、whom)和关系副词(where、when、why),新题中重点考查which、whose、that。
2. 非限制性定语从句(高频考查)
核心用法:与主句之间用逗号隔开,去掉从句后主句仍完整,不能用that引导,先行词指物时用which,指人时用who/whom;新题中多考查先行词指物,用which引导。
新题例题1:This trend of foreign tourists exploring China is partly due to the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit policy, ______ allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without a visa.(答案:which,先行词是policy,指物,非限制性定语从句,用which引导,在从句中作主语)
新题例题2:The Songkou Ancient Town, ______ was the first stop for Hakka people to go to Southeast Asia after the late Ming Dynasty, has a long history.(答案:which,先行词是town,指物,非限制性定语从句,用which引导,在从句中作主语)
方法技巧:看到“先行词+逗号+______”,优先判断为非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,用which;先行词指人,用who;不能用that。
易错点:① 非限制性定语从句中用that(错误),必须用which/who;② which在从句中作主语时,遗漏谓语动词(如which allows不要写成which allow);③ 混淆非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句(无逗号时可用that)。
3. 关系词whose(高频考查)
核心用法:whose引导定语从句,修饰人或物,在从句中作定语,意为“……的”,相当于“the + 名词 + of which/whom”,新题中多考查修饰物的用法。
新题例题:In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, ______ shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from getting frostbite on their ears.(答案:whose,先行词是dumplings,指物,whose在从句中作定语,修饰shape,意为“饺子的”)
方法技巧:看到“先行词+______+名词+谓语”,从句中缺少定语(修饰名词),优先用whose;可转换为“the + 名词 + of which”,便于理解,如whose shape = the shape of which。
易错点:① 误用which代替whose(which不能作定语,只能作主语或宾语);② 混淆whose与who(who在从句中作主语或宾语,不能作定语)。
4. 限制性定语从句(基础考查)
核心用法:与主句之间无逗号,去掉从句后主句不完整,先行词指物时,which和that可互换;先行词指人时,who和that可互换;新题中考查较少,重点区分与非限制性定语从句的区别。
新题例题:The Winter Solstice, also known as the winter festival, is one of the 24 solar terms in China which falls on December 22.(此处which可换为that,先行词是terms,指物,限制性定语从句,which/that在从句中作主语)
方法技巧:无逗号,先行词指物,作主语或宾语,可用which或that;先行词指人,作主语或宾语,可用who或that。
易错点:① 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时,误用which(需用that);② 先行词是不定代词(如something、anything)时,误用which(需用that)。
五、冠词(基础必考点)
冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the),核心是“判断泛指还是特指”,新题中重点考查不定冠词a/an的用法,结合发音和名词可数性判断,难度较低,重点规避易错点。
1. 不定冠词a/an—— 表泛指,“一个、一段”
核心用法:用于可数名词单数前,表泛指“一个、一段、一种”,a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前,看发音不看字母。
新题例题1:The Winter Solstice, a festival with ______ history of more than 2,000 years, originated from the Han Dynasty.(答案:a,history是可数名词单数,发音以辅音音素开头,表泛指“一段历史”)
新题例题2:The eight music pieces in the game immerse the player in ______ adventure with a bee’s perspective.(答案:an,adventure是可数名词单数,发音以元音音素开头,表泛指“一次冒险”)
常见用法场景:① 可数名词单数首次出现,表泛指(如I have a book. 我有一本书);② 固定搭配,如a history of...(一段……的历史)、an hour(一小时)、a useful book(一本有用的书)。
方法技巧:看到可数名词单数前无特指标志(the、this、that),表泛指,结合单词发音判断用a/an;注意:元音音素开头的单词,即使首字母是辅音(如hour,h不发音,发音以元音音素开头),也用an。
易错点:① 元音音素开头的单词用a(错误),如an adventure不要写成a adventure;② 辅音音素开头的单词用an(错误),如a history不要写成an history;③ 不可数名词前用a/an(错误),如advice(不可数),不能说a advice。
2. 定冠词the—— 表特指,“这个、那个”
核心用法:用于名词前,表特指“某个特定的人或物”,或上文提到过的人或物,新题中考查较少,多结合固定搭配或特指语境。
新题例题:The Winter Solstice, also known as ______ winter festival, is one of the 24 solar terms in China.(答案:the,winter festival特指“冬至这个节日”,表特指)
常见用法场景:① 特指上文提到过的人或物(如I have a book. The book is red.);② 特指某个特定的人或物(如the sun、the moon、the Great Wall);③ 固定搭配,如the Spring Festival、the Tang Dynasty。
易错点:① 泛指时用the(错误),如a book不要写成the book;② 固定搭配中遗漏the(如the Spring Festival不要写成Spring Festival)。
六、介词(基础必考点)
介词核心是“固定搭配”和“语境含义”,新题中重点考查固定搭配(如offer sacrifices to、apply to、response to),少量考查语境介词(如against),无需复杂判断,重点积累固定搭配,规避混淆。
1. 固定搭配类(高频考查)
核心用法:介词与动词、名词、形容词构成固定搭配,含义固定,需牢记,新题中出现的固定搭配的是重点,可结合新题例句强化记忆。
新题中高频固定搭配:
① offer sacrifices to... 向……献祭、祭祀……(例:offer sacrifices to heaven 祭祀天地)
② apply to... 适用于、应用于(例:apply to seven big cities 适用于7个大城市)
③ apply for... 申请……(拓展:apply for a job 申请一份工作)
④ response to... 对……的回应、应对(例:a response to crises 对危机的应对)
⑤ devote oneself to... 致力于……(拓展:devote oneself to study 致力于学习)
方法技巧:看到固定搭配(如offer sacrifices、apply、response),直接联想到对应的介词,无需额外判断;积累新题中出现的固定搭配,避免混淆。
易错点:① 混淆固定搭配的介词,如apply to与apply for,response to与response for(无此搭配);② 固定搭配中遗漏介词,如offer sacrifices后遗漏to。
2. 语境类介词(少量考查)
核心用法:结合语境判断介词含义,新题中重点考查against(靠着、倚着),其他语境介词考查较少,结合语境即可判断。
新题例题:The Weilong House is the dwelling place where Meizhou people put their hearts at ease, with its back ______ the mountains and forests.(答案:against,结合语境“背靠山林”,against表“靠着、倚着”)
常见语境介词:against(靠着、反对)、in(在……里面)、on(在……上面)、at(在……地点/时间)、with(和……一起、带着),结合语境含义即可判断。
易错点:混淆语境介词的含义,如将against写成on(on表“在……上面”,与“背靠”不符)。
七、形容词比较级与最高级(基础考点)
核心是“判断对比范围,确定用比较级还是最高级”,新题中重点考查单音节词的比较级和最高级,结合语境中的对比标志词判断,难度较低。
1. 形容词比较级(er)—— 两者对比,表“更……”
核心用法:用于两者对比,表“一方比另一方更……”,单音节词直接加er,部分双音节词加er或more,新题中重点考查单音节词(如easy→easier)。
新题例题:China has also made it ______ (easy) for foreign visitors to travel by improving mobile payment accessibility.(答案:easier,暗含“改善后与改善前”两者对比,表“更容易”)
常见比较级标志词:than(比)、much(……得多)、a little(一点)、even(甚至);常见单音节词变化:short→shorter、easy→easier、long→longer、quick→quicker。
方法技巧:看到语境中有“两者对比”(如改善前vs改善后、A vs B),优先用比较级;单音节词直接加er,注意拼写规则(如easy变y为i加er)。
易错点:① 单音节词加more(错误),如easier不要写成more easy;② 拼写错误,如easier不要写成easier(正确),不要误写为easyer;③ 无对比语境时误用比较级。
2. 形容词最高级(est)—— 三者及以上对比,表“最……”
核心用法:用于三者及以上对比,表“在某个范围内最……”,单音节词直接加est,前面通常加the,新题中重点考查语境中的三者及以上对比。
新题例题:The Winter Solstice... when the sun is directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, making the day in the northern hemisphere the ______ (short) day and the night longest.(答案:shortest,语境是“北半球所有日子中”,三者及以上对比,表“最短的”)
常见最高级标志词:the、of all、in...(在……范围内)、one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数;常见单音节词变化:short→shortest、long→longest、easy→easiest。
方法技巧:看到语境中有“三者及以上对比”(如所有日子、所有地区),优先用最高级;单音节词直接加est,前面必须加the。
易错点:① 遗漏the(最高级前面通常加the);② 单音节词加most(错误),如shortest不要写成most short;③ 两者对比时误用最高级(如两者对比用shorter,不要用shortest)。
八、宾语从句(基础考点)
核心是“引导词的选择”,新题中重点考查表“是否”的引导词whether,结合动词(如questions)的语境判断,难度较低,重点区分whether与if的用法。
新题例题:The phrase “city bu city” questions ______ a place has the fashionable atmosphere and modern vitality of a big city like Beijing or Shanghai.(答案:whether,questions表“质疑”,从句表“是否”,用whether引导)
核心用法:宾语从句是作动词、介词的宾语,引导词分为三类:① 表“是否”:whether、if;② 表“疑问”:what、who、when、where、how、why;③ 表“陈述”:that(可省略)。
方法技巧:看到动词(如questions、ask、wonder、know)后接宾语从句,且从句表“是否”,优先用whether;if也可表“是否”,但不如whether正式,且有诸多限制(不能用于介词后、不能引导表语从句/主语从句)。
易错点:① 表“是否”时,在questions后用if(虽然可接受,但whether更正式,新题答案优先用whether);② 混淆whether与that(that表陈述,无“是否”含义)。
九、核心总结与解题技巧(适配新题)
结合两组新题,总结语法填空的核心解题步骤,帮助学生快速解题,避免盲目刷题,提升解题效率,贴合学生学习实际:
1. 第一步:判断句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语),确定所需词性(如名词前缺定语,优先考虑形容词或词性转换;动词后缺宾语,优先考虑名词或代词);
2. 第二步:若空格后有括号(给出单词),优先考虑词性转换、时态语态、形容词比较级/最高级、非谓语动词(根据逻辑关系判断形式);
3. 第三步:若空格后无括号,优先考虑冠词、介词、连词(定语从句关系词、宾语从句引导词),重点回忆固定搭配;
4. 第四步:结合语境和时间标志词,判断时态和语态(先判断语态,再判断时态);
5. 第五步:检查易错点(如第三人称单数、被动语态遗漏be动词、非谓语动词形式、冠词发音判断、固定搭配介词)。
补充:新题均为长难句,解题时可先划分句子主干(主谓宾),再分析修饰成分(定语、状语),避免被长难句的复杂结构干扰,快速定位考点。
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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. The Winter Solstice, also known as the winter festival, is one of the 24 solar terms in China which falls on December 22, or one day before or after it, when the sun is directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, making the day in the northern hemisphere the ______ (short) day and the night longest.
2. As the Winter Solstice is the first term ______ (establish) among the 24 solar terms, it is often regarded as the starting point of China’s traditional solar term system.
3. Since this day ______ (mark) a major change in climate and solar terms, the ancient people attached great importance to it, ______ (view) it as significant as the Spring Festival.
4. The Winter Solstice, a festival with ______ history of more than 2,000 years, originated from the Han Dynasty and reached its peak in glory in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
5. In the Tang Dynasty, to celebrate the Winter Solstice, the emperor and his ministers offered sacrifices ______ heaven and held grand court meetings to pray for a good harvest.
6. While the royal family held formal celebration activities, the common people also held various celebration ______ (ceremony) to welcome the upcoming year and pray for family peace.
7. Basically, the celebration of Winter Solstice nowadays ______ (reflect) in different eating customs in different parts of China, which carries the people’s good wishes.
8. In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, ______ shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from getting frostbite (冻疮) on their ears in the cold winter.
9. In southern China, however, people prefer sweet dumplings, rice balls and long noodles, ______ (express) their wishes for a happy life and a long life.
10. “City bu city”, an internet buzzword ______ (coin) by a foreign blogger named Baobaoxiong during his visit to the Great Wall in Beijing, has become popular online recently.
11. The phrase “city bu city” questions ______ a place has the fashionable atmosphere and modern vitality of a big city like Beijing or Shanghai.
12. Millions of foreigners are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs ______ (go) viral online recently, showing the real and vivid side of China.
13. This trend of foreign tourists exploring China is partly due to the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit policy, ______ allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without a visa.
14. The visa-free transit policy, ______ (aim) for high-level opening-up, has greatly boosted China’s tourism industry and promoted cultural exchanges.
15. When the visa-free transit policy was first introduced in 2013, it only applied ______ seven big cities like Beijing and Shanghai and allowed just 72 hours of stay.
16. China has also made it ______ (easy) for foreign visitors to travel by improving mobile payment accessibility and simplifying the visa application process.
第一组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领)
1. 答案:shortest (知识点:形容词最高级,结合语境“北半球白天最短、夜晚最长”,and连接并列结构,后面是longest(最长的),故此处用short的最高级shortest;核心思维:看到and连接两个并列的形容词,且语境表“三者及以上对比”(北半球所有日子中),优先考虑形容词最高级;拓展:short的最高级变化:单音节词,直接加est(short→shorter→shortest);常见搭配:the shortest day(最短的一天)、the longest night(最长的夜晚);易错点:不要误写为shorter(比较级,用于两者对比),此处是“所有日子中最短”,三者及以上对比,必须用最高级;补充:形容词最高级前面通常加the,此处前面有定冠词the,符合用法。)
2. 答案:established (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,the first term(第一个节气)与establish(确立、设立)之间是被动关系,即“第一个被确立的节气”,此处用过去分词established作后置定语,修饰the first term,相当于定语从句which is established;核心思维:过去分词作后置定语,表被动或完成,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,看到“名词+______+介词短语/从句”,且名词与所填动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词;拓展:establish的常见搭配:establish a term(确立节气)、establish a rule(制定规则),被动形式为be established;类似过去分词作后置定语的用法:a rule established by the government(政府制定的规则)、a building built in the Ming Dynasty(明代建造的大楼);易错点:不要误写为establishing(现在分词,表主动,节气是“被确立”,并非主动“确立”,故用established);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,便于理解句子结构。)
3. 答案:marks;viewing (知识点:① 时态,since引导原因状语从句,描述客观事实(冬至标志着气候的重大变化),用一般现在时,主语this day(这一天)是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用marks;② 非谓语动词-现在分词,the ancient people(古人)与view(认为、看作)之间是主动关系,即“古人主动将冬至看作和春节一样重要”,此处用现在分词viewing作伴随状语,表“重视冬至的同时,将其看作重要节日”;核心思维:① since引导原因状语从句,无明确过去/将来时间状语,描述客观事实,用一般现在时,注意主谓一致;② 伴随状语,句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,用现在分词,放在句末,用逗号与主句隔开;拓展:mark的常见搭配:mark a change(标志着变化)、mark an important moment(标志着重要时刻);view的常见搭配:view sth as...(将某物看作……),如view it as a festival(将其看作节日);易错点:① marks不要误写为marked(过去式,无过去时间标志,不能用过去时);② viewing不要误写为viewed(过去分词,表被动,古人是主动“认为”,并非被认为,故用viewing);补充:伴随状语可转换为and + 谓语动词,此处可改为and viewed it as significant as the Spring Festival。)
4. 答案:a (知识点:冠词,history(历史)是可数名词,此处表示泛指“一段超过2000年的历史”,且history的发音以辅音音素/ˈhɪstri/开头,故用不定冠词a;核心思维:可数名词单数前无特指标志(如the、this、that),表泛指“一段、一个”,结合单词发音判断用a/an;拓展:history的常见搭配:a history of...(一段……的历史)、have a long history(有悠久的历史);易错点:不要误写为an(history发音以辅音音素开头,不是元音音素);补充:不定冠词a/an的用法:a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前,an用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前,看发音不看字母。)
5. 答案:to (知识点:介词,offer sacrifices to...是固定搭配,意为“向……献祭、祭祀……”,此处表示“皇帝和大臣们向天地献祭”;核心思维:看到固定搭配offer sacrifices,直接联想到介词to,固定搭配需牢记,无需额外判断;拓展:类似固定搭配:offer prayers to...(向……祈祷)、devote oneself to...(致力于……);易错点:不要误写为for(offer sth for sb表示“为某人提供某物”,与语境不符);补充:介词的固定搭配是高频考点,需积累常见搭配,避免混淆。)
6. 答案:ceremonies (知识点:名词单复数,ceremony(仪式、庆典)是可数名词,前面有various(各种各样的)修饰,various后接可数名词复数,故用ceremonies;核心思维:看到various、many、some、several等修饰词,后面的可数名词必须用复数形式;拓展:ceremony的复数变化:以y结尾,y前是辅音字母(m),变y为i加es,类似的还有family→families、factory→factories;常见搭配:various celebration ceremonies(各种各样的庆祝仪式)、hold a ceremony(举行仪式);易错点:不要误写为ceremony(单数),或误写为ceremonys(复数变化错误);补充:以y结尾的可数名词复数变化规则:y前是元音字母,直接加s,如boy→boys;y前是辅音字母,变y为i加es。)
7. 答案:is reflected (知识点:时态语态,主语the celebration of Winter Solstice(冬至的庆祝活动)与reflect(体现、反映)之间是被动关系,即“庆祝活动被体现在不同的饮食习俗中”,且nowadays(如今)表示现在的状态,用一般现在时的被动语态is reflected;核心思维:① 先判断语态:主语与动作是被动关系(主语不能主动发出“体现”这个动作),用被动语态;② 再判断时态:nowadays是现在时的标志词,用一般现在时;被动语态结构:am/is/are + done,主语是单数,故用is;拓展:reflect的常见搭配:reflect customs(体现习俗)、reflect people’s wishes(体现人们的愿望),被动形式为be reflected in...(被体现在……中);易错点:不要遗漏被动语态的is(很多学生容易写成reflected,忽略被动),或误写为was reflected(过去时,与nowadays不符);补充:一般现在时被动语态的用法:描述现在的被动状态,常与nowadays、usually、often等词连用。)
8. 答案:whose (知识点:定语从句,先行词是dumplings(饺子),指物,在从句中作定语,意为“饺子的形状像耳朵”,故用关系词whose;核心思维:定语从句中,先行词(人或物)在从句中作定语(修饰从句中的名词),用whose,相当于“the + 名词 + of which”(此处可改为the shape of which);拓展:whose的用法:可修饰人或物,修饰物时,意为“……的”,如a book whose cover is red(封面是红色的书);常见搭配:whose + 名词 + 谓语,引导定语从句,从句结构完整;易错点:不要误写为which(which在从句中作主语或宾语,不能作定语),此处需要“……的”,修饰从句中的shape,故用whose;补充:定语从句关系词的判断技巧:先找先行词,再判断先行词在从句中的成分,作定语用whose。)
9. 答案:expressing (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词,people(人们)与express(表达)之间是主动关系,即“人们通过吃汤圆、面条来表达愿望”,此处用现在分词expressing作伴随状语,表“吃食物的同时,表达愿望”;核心思维:伴随状语,句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系,用现在分词,放在句末,用逗号与主句隔开,表“同时发生的动作或目的”;拓展:express的常见搭配:express wishes(表达愿望)、express thanks(表达感谢);类似现在分词作伴随状语的用法:She sat there, reading a book and drinking tea.(她坐在那里,看书、喝茶。);易错点:不要误写为expressed(过去分词,表被动,人们是主动“表达”愿望,并非被表达,故用expressing);补充:现在分词作伴随状语,可体现动作的伴随性,使句子结构更简洁。)
10. 答案:coined (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,an internet buzzword(一个网络流行语)与coin(创造、发明)之间是被动关系,即“流行语被外国博主创造”,此处用过去分词coined作后置定语,修饰an internet buzzword,相当于定语从句which was coined;核心思维:过去分词作后置定语,表被动,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,看到“名词+______+介词短语”(此处是buzzword + ______ + by a foreign blogger),且名词与所填动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词;拓展:coin的常见搭配:coin a word(创造一个词)、coin a buzzword(创造一个流行语),被动形式为be coined by sb;易错点:不要误写为coining(现在分词,表主动,流行语是“被创造”,并非主动“创造”,故用coined);补充:coin作动词时,意为“创造(新词、流行语)”,作名词时,意为“硬币”,注意区分词性。)
11. 答案:whether (知识点:宾语从句,空格处引导宾语从句,作questions(质疑、询问)的宾语,结合语境“这个短语质疑一个地方是否有大城市的时尚氛围和现代活力”,表“是否”,用whether;核心思维:看到动词questions(质疑、询问),后面接宾语从句,且从句表“是否”,优先用whether;拓展:whether的用法:可引导宾语从句,表“是否”,可与or not连用,如I don’t know whether he will come or not.(我不知道他是否会来。);易错点:不要误写为if(if也可表“是否”,但此处是引导宾语从句,作questions的宾语,用whether更正式,且if不能用于介词后或引导表语从句、主语从句);补充:whether与if表“是否”的区别:whether可用于各种语境,if多用于口语和简单句中,且有诸多限制。)
12. 答案:have gone (知识点:时态,recently(最近)是现在完成时的标志词,表“从过去开始持续到现在的动作”(旅游视频最近在网上走红),主语their travel vlogs(他们的旅游视频)是复数,故用现在完成时have gone;核心思维:看到recently、up to now、so far、in the past few years等标志词,优先用现在完成时;现在完成时结构:has/have + 过去分词,主语复数用have;拓展:go viral的含义:“走红、风靡”,固定搭配,go的过去分词是gone;常见搭配:travel vlogs go viral(旅游视频走红);易错点:不要误写为went(一般过去时,不能体现“最近持续走红”的含义),或has gone(主语是复数,不能用has);补充:现在完成时的用法:强调动作对现在的影响或结果,此处“视频走红”是最近发生的,对现在有影响(流行起来)。)
13. 答案:which (知识点:非限制性定语从句,先行词是the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit policy(72小时和144小时过境免签政策),指物,在从句中作主语,故用which;核心思维:非限制性定语从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开),先行词指物,作主语时用which,不能用that;拓展:非限制性定语从句的特点:与主句之间用逗号隔开,去掉从句后主句仍完整,不能用that引导;例句:The policy, which was introduced in 2013, has boosted tourism.(2013年推出的这项政策促进了旅游业的发展。);易错点:不要误写为that(非限制性定语从句中不能用that);补充:定语从句中which与that的区别:限制性定语从句中,先行词指物,作主语/宾语时,which和that可互换;非限制性定语从句中,先行词指物,只能用which。)
14. 答案:aiming (知识点:非谓语动词-现在分词,the visa-free transit policy(过境免签政策)与aim(旨在、目的是)之间是主动关系,即“政策旨在高水平开放”,此处用现在分词aiming作后置定语,修饰the policy,相当于定语从句which aims;核心思维:现在分词作后置定语,表主动,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,与过去分词作后置定语(表被动)形成对比;拓展:aim的常见搭配:aim for...(旨在……、以……为目标)、aim to do sth(旨在做某事);现在分词作后置定语的例句:a policy aiming for development(旨在发展的政策)、a plan aiming to help students(旨在帮助学生的计划);易错点:不要误写为aimed(过去分词,表被动,政策是主动“旨在”,并非被旨在,故用aiming);补充:aimed作形容词时,可构成be aimed at...(旨在……),但此处是作后置定语,表主动,用aiming更合适。)
15. 答案:to (知识点:介词,apply to是固定搭配,意为“适用于、应用于”,此处表示“这项政策最初只适用于北京、上海等7个大城市”;核心思维:看到动词apply,结合语境“适用于某个地方”,直接联想到固定搭配apply to;拓展:apply的常见搭配:apply to sth(适用于某物)、apply for sth(申请某物)、apply oneself to sth(致力于某物);易错点:不要误写为for(apply for表示“申请”,与语境“适用于”不符);补充:固定搭配的介词是高频考点,需区分不同搭配的含义,避免混淆。)
16. 答案:easier (知识点:形容词比较级,结合语境“中国通过改善移动支付便利性和简化签证申请流程,让外国游客的旅行变得更容易”,此处暗含“与过去相比更简单”的含义,用easy的比较级easier;核心思维:看到“make it + ______ + for sb to do sth”结构,结合语境有“比较”含义(改善后比改善前容易),优先考虑形容词比较级;拓展:easy的比较级变化:单音节词,直接加er(easy→easier→easiest);常见搭配:make it easier for sb(让某人更容易);易错点:不要误写为easy(原级,不能体现“改善后的变化”),或more easy(多音节词才加more,easy是单音节词,直接加er);补充:形容词比较级的用法:用于两者对比,表“更……”,此处是“改善后”与“改善前”对比,用比较级。)
第一组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第一组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、形容词比较级/最高级等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。
1. The Summer Solstice, one of the 24 solar terms, falls on June 21 or 22 every year, when the sun is directly on the Tropic of Cancer, making the day in the northern hemisphere the ______ (long) day and the night shortest.
2. As the Spring Festival is the most important festival ______ (celebrate) in China, it is regarded as a time for family reunion.
3. Since the Spring Festival ______ (symbolize) new beginnings and good luck, people around the country hold grand celebrations, ______ (expect) a better new year.
4. The Spring Festival, a traditional festival with ______ history of more than 4,000 years, is the most important festival in Chinese culture.
5. During the Spring Festival, people usually offer sacrifices ______ their ancestors to show their respect and gratitude.
6. In rural areas, people hold various traditional ______ (ceremony) like dragon dancing and lion dancing to celebrate the Spring Festival.
7. The joy of the Spring Festival nowadays ______ (reflect) in people’s smiling faces and warm family gatherings.
8. In northern China, people like to eat dumplings, ______ shape looks like ingots (元宝), symbolizing wealth and good fortune.
9. In southern China, people often eat glutinous rice cakes, ______ (express) their wishes for a better life and higher achievements.
10. “Little fresh meat”, an internet buzzword ______ (coin) by netizens to describe young and handsome male stars, has been popular for many years.
11. The phrase “little fresh meat” questions ______ a young male star has both good looks and real acting skills.
12. Thousands of young people are fond of following stars, and their related posts ______ (go) viral online recently, attracting wide attention.
13. The trend of following stars is partly due to the development of social media, ______ allows people to get close to their favorite stars easily.
14. Social media platforms, ______ (aim) for better user experience, have provided a convenient way for people to communicate and share.
15. When social media was first popularized, it only applied ______ young people and was not widely accepted by the elderly.
16. Social media has also made it ______ (convenient) for people to keep in touch with their friends and relatives far away.
第一组 举一反三答案
1. longest 2. celebrated 3. symbolizes;expecting 4. a 5. to 6. ceremonies 7. is reflected 8. whose 9. expressing 10. coined 11. whether 12. have gone 13. which 14. aiming 15. to 16. more convenient
第二组 语法填空(单句长难句·16题)
请根据句意及语法知识,在横线上填入适当的词(每空1词,可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等),完成下列单句长难句填空。
1. “X Virtual Gathering: Honey”, a new project of X Museum’s digital art platform X Virtual, ______ (launch) on Thursday in Beijing with an exhibition and a video game designed by multiple creatives from home and abroad.
2. Upon entering the exhibition, visitors are grabbed by the electronic music ______ (mix) with a buzzing noise playing in the game, the interface of which is projected on the wall.
3. Depicted in a ______ (future), robotic and metallic style, the worker bee in the game flies through various landscapes, including a mysterious jungle and an erupting volcano.
4. The worker bee in the game ______ (fly) through different levels, triggering eight music pieces, each of which represents a specific event.
5. The eight music pieces in the game immerse the player in ______ adventure with a bee’s perspective, letting them experience the world from a new angle.
6. As an abstract medium, music alters and challenges the participants’ senses, urging us ______ (rethink) ecological justice and species justice.
7. According to the curators (策展人), this project explores the vast, interconnected world of bees and how it ______ (influence) ideas around ecology, human civilization, and capitalism.
8. This project is an urgent response ______ crises such as resource exhaustion and a net loss of biodiversity that we humans are faced with.
9. The project also reflects the slowly widening ______ (divide) between civilization and nature through technological revolutions.
10. At the intersection of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, there is a city called Meizhou, which is the most ______ (concentrate) area for Hakka people in Guangdong.
11. After achieving ______ (stable), most Hakka people choose to live near mountains and rivers, enjoying a peaceful life.
12. The Weilong House is the dwelling place where Meizhou people put their hearts at ease, with its back ______ the mountains and forests and a semi-circular pond in front of its door.
13. Seen from the sky, the Hakka Weilong House is ______ (rough) oval-shaped, embodying the living form and order of life that heaven is round and earth is square.
14. The Songkou Ancient Town, ______ was the first stop for Hakka people to go to Southeast Asia after the late Ming Dynasty, has a long history.
15. In the old street of Songkou Ancient Town, there are colonial-style buildings that ______ (weather) through the years and advertisements full of Southeast Asian charm.
16. The people of Meizhou enjoy a bowl of pickled noodles with a bowl of San Ji Li soup, which ______ (include) pork, pig liver, and pig intestine.
第二组 答案及详细核心知识点(方法指导+思维引领)
1. 答案:was launched (知识点:时态语态,主语“X Virtual Gathering: Honey”(项目名称)与launch(推出、启动)之间是被动关系,即“项目被推出”,且时间状语on Thursday(在周四)是明确的过去时间(结合语境,项目已推出),故用一般过去时的被动语态was launched;核心思维:① 先判断语态:主语是项目,不能主动发出“推出”这个动作,用被动语态;② 再判断时态:有明确过去时间状语(on Thursday、yesterday、last week等),用一般过去时;被动语态结构:was/were + done,主语是单数,故用was;拓展:launch的常见搭配:launch a project(推出一个项目)、launch a product(推出一款产品),被动形式为be launched;易错点:不要遗漏被动语态的was(容易写成launched,忽略被动),或误写为is launched(一般现在时,与过去时间状语不符);补充:一般过去时被动语态的用法:描述过去发生的被动动作,强调动作在过去发生。)
2. 答案:mixed (知识点:非谓语动词-过去分词,electronic music(电子音乐)与mix(混合)之间是被动关系,即“电子音乐与嗡嗡声被混合在一起”,此处用过去分词mixed作后置定语,修饰electronic music,相当于定语从句which is mixed;核心思维:过去分词作后置定语,表被动,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,看到“名词+______+介词短语”(此处是music + ______ + with a buzzing noise),且名词与所填动词是被动关系,优先用过去分词;拓展:mix的常见搭配:mix A with B(将A与B混合),被动形式为be mixed with...(与……混合);类似过去分词作后置定语的用法:tea mixed with milk(加牛奶的茶)、a song mixed with sadness(充满悲伤的歌);易错点:不要误写为mixing(现在分词,表主动,音乐是“被混合”,并非主动“混合”,故用mixed);补充:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句,帮助理解句子结构。)
3. 答案:futuristic (知识点:词性转换,名词future(未来)转换为形容词futuristic,作定语,修饰style(风格),意为“未来主义的、具有未来感的”;核心思维:看到名词前需要修饰词,优先考虑词性转换,名词可转换为形容词作定语,结合语境“未来感的、机器人般的金属风格”,确定用futuristic;拓展:future的常见词性转换:future(名词,未来)→ futuristic(形容词,未来主义的)→ in the future(短语,在未来);常见搭配:futuristic style(未来感风格)、futuristic technology(未来科技);易错点:不要误写为future(名词,不能作定语),或futurist(名词,未来主义者);补充:名词变形容词的常见后缀:-istic(如future→futuristic、art→artistic)、-ful(如beauty→beautiful)、-less(如care→careless)。)
4. 答案:flies (知识点:时态,此处描述游戏中的场景(工蜂飞过不同关卡),属于客观存在的场景,用一般现在时,主语the worker bee(工蜂)是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用flies;核心思维:无明确过去/将来时间状语,描述客观事实、既定场景或真理,优先考虑一般现在时,注意主谓一致;拓展:fly的常见搭配:fly through(飞过)、fly over(飞越);一般现在时的用法:描述经常性、习惯性的动作或客观存在的事实,此处游戏中的场景是固定的,属于客观存在;易错点:不要误写为fly(主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词需加s/es),或flew(过去式,无过去时间标志,不能用过去时);补充:动词第三人称单数变化规则:一般直接加s,如fly→flies(以y结尾,y前是辅音字母,变y为i加es)、play→plays。)
5. 答案:an (知识点:冠词,adventure(冒险经历)是可数名词单数,此处表示泛指“一次冒险经历”,且adventure的发音以元音音素/ədˈventʃə/开头,故用不定冠词an;核心思维:可数名词单数前无特指标志,表泛指“一次、一个”,结合单词发音判断用a/an;拓展:adventure的常见搭配:an adventure(一次冒险)、have an adventure(经历一次冒险);易错点:不要误写为a(adventure发音以元音音素开头,不是辅音音素);补充:不定冠词an的用法:用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前,如an apple、an hour、an adventure。)
6. 答案:to rethink (知识点:非谓语动词-不定式,urge sb to do sth是固定句型,意为“敦促某人做某事”,此处用不定式to rethink作宾语补足语;核心思维:看到固定句型urge sb ______ do sth,直接填to + 动词原形,不定式作宾语补足语;拓展:类似固定句型:encourage sb to do sth(鼓励某人做某事)、advise sb to do sth(建议某人做某事)、force sb to do sth(强迫某人做某事);rethink的常见搭配:rethink sth(重新思考某物)、rethink the future(重新思考未来);易错点:不要误写为rethink(动词原形,urge sb后不能接动词原形)或rethinking(动名词,固定句型中必须用不定式);补充:urge的用法:urge sth(敦促某事)、urge doing sth(敦促做某事)、urge sb to do sth(敦促某人做某事),注意区分不同搭配。)
7. 答案:influences (知识点:时态,此处描述项目所探索的内容(蜜蜂的世界如何影响生态、人类文明和资本主义的理念),属于客观事实,用一般现在时,主语it(指代the vast, interconnected world of bees)是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用influences;核心思维:无明确过去/将来时间状语,描述客观事实、观点或真理,用一般现在时,注意主谓一致;拓展:influence的常见搭配:influence ideas(影响理念)、influence decision(影响决定)、have an influence on...(对……有影响);易错点:不要误写为influence(主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词需加s/es),或influenced(过去式,无过去时间标志,不能用过去时);补充:一般现在时的主谓一致:第三人称单数主语(he、she、it、单数名词、不可数名词),谓语动词加s/es。)
8. 答案:to (知识点:介词,response to是固定搭配,意为“对……的回应、应对”,此处表示“对资源枯竭和生物多样性净损失等危机的紧急应对”;核心思维:看到名词response,直接联想到固定搭配response to,固定搭配需牢记,无需额外判断;拓展:类似固定搭配:reaction to(对……的反应)、answer to(对……的回答)、key to(……的关键);易错点:不要误写为for(response for无此搭配,for通常表示“为了”,与语境不符);补充:介词的固定搭配是高频考点,需积累常见名词与介词的搭配,避免出错。)
9. 答案:division (知识点:词性转换,动词divide(划分、分隔)转换为名词division,作宾语,意为“分歧、分隔”,结合语境“文明与自然之间逐渐扩大的分隔”;核心思维:看到形容词widening(扩大的)修饰,且作reflect(体现)的宾语,优先考虑词性转换,动词变名词;拓展:divide的常见词性转换:divide(动词,划分)→ division(名词,分隔、分歧)→ divided(形容词,分裂的);常见搭配:the division between A and B(A与B之间的分隔)、a division of labor(分工);易错点:不要误写为divide(动词,不能作宾语),或dividing(动名词,此处强调“分隔”这一抽象概念,用名词division更合适);补充:动词变名词的常见后缀:-ion(如divide→division、decide→decision)、-ment(如develop→development)。)
10. 答案:concentrated (知识点:词性转换,动词concentrate(集中)转换为形容词concentrated,作定语,修饰area(地区),意为“集中的、密集的”;核心思维:看到名词area前需要修饰词,优先考虑词性转换,动词变形容词作定语,结合语境“客家人最集中的地区”,确定用concentrated;拓展:concentrate的常见词性转换:concentrate(动词,集中)→ concentrated(形容词,集中的)→ concentration(名词,集中);常见搭配:concentrated area(集中地区)、concentrated efforts(集中的努力);易错点:不要误写为concentrating(现在分词,表主动,地区是“被集中”,并非主动“集中”,故用concentrated);补充:动词变形容词,过去分词常表“被动、完成”,现在分词常表“主动、进行”,此处用过去分词作定语,表“被集中的”。)
11. 答案:stability (知识点:词性转换,形容词stable(稳定的)转换为名词stability,作achieving(实现、获得)的宾语,意为“稳定”;核心思维:看到动词achieving后需要宾语,优先考虑词性转换,形容词变名词;拓展:stable的常见词性转换:stable(形容词,稳定的)→ stability(名词,稳定)→ stabilize(动词,使稳定);常见搭配:achieve stability(获得稳定)、maintain stability(维持稳定)、social stability(社会稳定);易错点:不要误写为stable(形容词,不能作宾语),或stabilization(名词,稳定化,与语境“获得稳定”不符);补充:形容词变名词的常见后缀:-ity(如stable→stability、able→ability)、-ness(如happy→happiness、sad→sadness)。)
12. 答案:against (知识点:介词,结合语境“围龙屋背靠山林,门前有一个半圆形的池塘”,“背靠……”用介词against,意为“靠着、倚着”;核心思维:看到“with its back ______ the mountains”,结合常识“房屋背靠山”,优先考虑介词against,表“倚靠”;拓展:against的常见含义:① 靠着、倚着(如lean against the wall(靠在墙上));② 反对(如be against sth(反对某事));③ 与……对比(如against the background(在……背景下));常见搭配:with one’s back against...(背靠……);易错点:不要误写为on(on表示“在……上面”,与“背靠”不符),或to(to表示“朝向”,也不符合语境);补充:介词against的用法灵活,需结合语境判断含义,此处表“倚靠”。)
13. 答案:roughly (知识点:词性转换,形容词rough(粗略的、大致的)转换为副词roughly,作状语,修饰形容词oval-shaped(椭圆形的),意为“大致上、粗略地”;核心思维:副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子,看到形容词+______,优先考虑形容词变副词,作状语;拓展:rough的常见词性转换:rough(形容词,粗略的)→ roughly(副词,大致上)→ roughness(名词,粗糙);常见搭配:roughly oval-shaped(大致呈椭圆形)、roughly estimate(粗略估计);易错点:不要误写为rough(形容词,不能修饰形容词),或roughlyly(副词拼写错误,正确拼写是roughly);补充:形容词变副词的规则:一般在词尾加ly,如rough→roughly、quick→quickly;以y结尾的形容词,变y为i加ly,如happy→happily。)
14. 答案:which (知识点:非限制性定语从句,先行词是the Songkou Ancient Town(松口古镇),指物,在从句中作主语,故用which;核心思维:非限制性定语从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开),先行词指物,作主语时用which,不能用that;拓展:非限制性定语从句的例句:The town, which has a long history, is a popular tourist attraction.(这座有着悠久历史的小镇是一个热门旅游景点。);易错点:不要误写为that(非限制性定语从句中不能用that);补充:定语从句中,先行词是地点名词时,若在从句中作主语或宾语,用which/that;若作状语,用where。此处先行词在从句中作主语,故用which。)
15. 答案:have weathered (知识点:时态,此处描述殖民风格的建筑“历经多年风雨”,从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时,主语colonial-style buildings(殖民风格建筑)是复数,故用have weathered;核心思维:看到“through the years”(历经多年),表“从过去持续到现在的动作”,优先用现在完成时;现在完成时结构:has/have + 过去分词,主语复数用have;拓展:weather的常见含义:① 天气(名词);② 经受风雨、风化(动词),此处是动词含义;weather的过去分词是weathered;常见搭配:weather through the years(历经多年风雨)、weather the storm(经受暴风雨);易错点:不要误写为weathered(一般过去时,不能体现“从过去持续到现在”的含义),或has weathered(主语是复数,不能用has);补充:现在完成时的标志词除了recently、up to now,还有through the years、since then等。)
16. 答案:includes (知识点:时态,此处描述梅州人喜欢的三及第汤的成分(包含猪肉、猪肝和猪肠),属于客观事实,用一般现在时,主语which(指代San Ji Li soup)是第三人称单数,故谓语动词用includes;核心思维:无明确过去/将来时间状语,描述客观事实、事物的组成或特征,用一般现在时,注意主谓一致;拓展:include的常见搭配:include sth(包含某物)、include A and B(包含A和B);常见用法:which includes...引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词,表“某物包含……”;易错点:不要误写为include(主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词需加s/es),或included(过去式,无过去时间标志,不能用过去时);补充:一般现在时描述事物组成时,常用include、consist of等词,注意主谓一致。)
第二组 举一反三练习题(单句长难句·16题)
结合第二组知识点(词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词等),完成下列单句长难句填空,侧重同类考点的灵活运用,均为长难句,贴合原文语境风格,强化方法掌握和思维运用。
1. “Digital Art Exhibition: Light”, a new project of the city’s art museum, ______ (launch) last weekend with a series of works created by young artists from all over the country.
2. When entering the exhibition hall, visitors are attracted by the soft light ______ (mix) with warm music, creating a comfortable atmosphere.
3. Designed in a ______ (future), simple and elegant style, the artworks in the exhibition show the beauty of digital art.
4. Each artwork in the exhibition ______ (convey) a unique message, touching the hearts of every visitor.
5. The artworks in the exhibition bring the audience into ______ wonderful world of digital art, letting them feel the charm of technology and art.
6. As a new art form, digital art enriches people’s spiritual life, urging us ______ (explore) more possibilities of art and technology.
7. According to the curators, this digital art exhibition explores the relationship between art and technology and how it ______ (change) people’s aesthetic concepts.
8. This exhibition is a positive response ______ the public’s demand for new art forms and the development of digital technology.
9. The exhibition also reflects the growing ______ (connect) between art and daily life through digital technology.
10. In the west of Hunan Province, there is a city called Zhangjiajie, which is the most ______ (concentrate) area for karst landforms in China.
11. After achieving economic ______ (stable), the local people began to develop tourism and protect the natural environment.
12. The traditional stilt houses in Zhangjiajie are the dwelling places of local people, with their pillars ______ the ground and a spacious yard in front of the door.
13. Seen from a distance, the stilt houses in Zhangjiajie are ______ (rough) rectangular-shaped, embodying the local people’s living wisdom.
14. The Tianmen Mountain, ______ is a famous scenic spot in Zhangjiajie, attracts millions of tourists every year.
15. On the mountain, there are ancient trees that ______ (weather) through hundreds of years and beautiful waterfalls flowing down the cliffs.
16. The local people of Zhangjiajie enjoy a bowl of spicy noodles with a bowl of sour soup, which ______ (include) tomatoes, peppers, and pickles.
第二组 举一反三答案
1. was launched 2. mixed 3. futuristic 4. conveys 5. a 6. to explore 7. changes 8. to 9. connection 10. concentrated 11. stability 12. against 13. roughly 14. which 15. have weathered 16. includes
语法知识点汇总(系统详细版·适配新题)
本汇总整合两组新题所有高频考点,分模块详细解析,结合新题例题、易错点和方法技巧,补充更多延伸知识,帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络,兼顾基础性和实用性,避免机械记忆,提升灵活运用能力,降低AI感,贴合学生学习实际。
一、词性转换(核心高频考点)
词性转换是语法填空的重中之重,占比极高,核心是根据句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语)判断所需词性,再进行相应转换,常见转换类型、方法及延伸知识如下,结合新题逐一拆解:
1. 名词→形容词(作定语、表语)
核心用法:名词通过加后缀(如-istic、-ful、-less、-y等)转换为形容词,多作定语(修饰名词)或表语(跟在系动词后),结合语境判断含义。
新题例题:Depicted in a ______ (future), robotic and metallic style, the worker bee in the game flies through various landscapes.(答案:futuristic,名词future→形容词futuristic,作定语修饰style,表“未来感的”)
常见转换:future(名词,未来)→ futuristic(形容词,未来主义的);art(名词,艺术)→ artistic(形容词,艺术的);beauty(名词,美丽)→ beautiful(形容词,美丽的);care(名词,关心)→ careful(形容词,仔细的);rain(名词,雨)→ rainy(形容词,下雨的)。
方法技巧:看到名词前有冠词(a/an/the)、指示代词(this/that)或形容词(如robotic、metallic),且该名词在句中作定语,优先考虑名词变形容词;系动词(is、was、are、look、seem等)后,优先考虑名词/动词变形容词作表语。
易错点:① 混淆名词与形容词的用法,如future(名词)不能作定语,必须转换为futuristic;② 后缀拼写错误,如futuristic不能误写为futureistic;③ 选错后缀,如表示“充满……的”用-ful,“没有……的”用-less,“具有……性质的”用-istic。
延伸知识:部分名词可通过加不同后缀,形成不同含义的形容词,如help(名词,帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的)、helpless(无助的);use(名词,用途)→ useful(有用的)、useless(无用的)。
2. 动词→形容词(作定语、表语)
核心用法:动词的现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)均可作形容词,现在分词表“主动、进行”,过去分词表“被动、完成”,多作定语或表语。
新题例题1:In the intersection of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, there is a city called Meizhou, which is the most ______ (concentrate) area for Hakka people in Guangdong.(答案:concentrated,动词concentrate→过去分词concentrated,作定语,表“被集中的”)
新题例题2:The electronic music ______ (mix) with a buzzing noise playing in the game attracts visitors.(答案:mixed,动词mix→过去分词mixed,作定语,表“被混合的”)
常见转换:concentrate(动词,集中)→ concentrated(形容词,集中的);mix(动词,混合)→ mixed(形容词,混合的);lead(动词,带领)→ leading(形容词,领先的)、led(形容词,被带领的);excite(动词,使兴奋)→ exciting(令人兴奋的)、excited(感到兴奋的)。
方法技巧:判断用现在分词还是过去分词,关键看逻辑主语与动词的关系——主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词;修饰物时常用现在分词(如exciting news),修饰人时常用过去分词(如excited people),但也需结合语境(如本题中concentrated area,修饰物,表被动)。
易错点:① 混淆现在分词与过去分词的含义,如concentrating(主动,集中的)≠ concentrated(被动,被集中的);② 误将动词原形或过去式当作形容词,如mix(动词)、mixed(过去式)不能直接作定语,需确认是过去分词作形容词。
3. 形容词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(如-ity、-ness、-th等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语(跟在动词或介词后),结合语境判断后缀,确保词性与句子成分匹配。
新题例题1:After achieving ______ (stable), most Hakka people choose to live near mountains and rivers, enjoying a peaceful life.(答案:stability,形容词stable→名词stability,作achieving的宾语,表“稳定”)
新题例题2:We should pay attention to the ______ (equal) between men and women in the workplace.(拓展例题,贴合考点,答案:equality,形容词equal→名词equality,作pay attention to的宾语,表“平等”)
常见转换:stable(形容词,稳定的)→ stability(名词,稳定);able(形容词,有能力的)→ ability(名词,能力);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happiness(名词,快乐);strong(形容词,强壮的)→ strength(名词,力量);long(形容词,长的)→ length(名词,长度)。
方法技巧:看到动词(如achieve、improve、pay attention to、develop等)或介词(如of、for、about等)后,需要填充成分,优先考虑形容词变名词作宾语;句子开头缺少主语,且语境需要抽象概念时,也可考虑形容词变名词。
易错点:① 后缀混淆,如stable变名词用-ity(stability),而非-ness(stable-ness为错误拼写);② 拼写错误,如happiness不要误写为happyness,strength不要误写为strenght;③ 遗漏后缀,如将stable直接当作名词使用(stable作名词时意为“马厩”,与“稳定”含义不符)。
延伸知识:部分形容词变名词有特殊后缀,需重点记忆,如true(形容词,真实的)→ truth(名词,真理)、warm(形容词,温暖的)→ warmth(名词,温暖),这类特殊转换需结合例句强化记忆,避免混淆。
4. 动词→名词(作主语、宾语)
核心用法:动词通过加后缀(如-ion、-ment、-ing、-ure等)转换为名词,多作主语、宾语,部分动词可直接名词化(如study、work),结合动词含义和句子成分判断转换形式。
新题例题1:The project also reflects the slowly widening ______ (divide) between civilization and nature through technological revolutions.(答案:division,动词divide→名词division,作reflect的宾语,表“分隔”)
新题例题2:His ______ (donate) to the poor children has helped many kids go back to school.(拓展例题,答案:donation,动词donate→名词donation,作主语,表“捐赠”)
常见转换:divide(动词,划分)→ division(名词,分隔);decide(动词,决定)→ decision(名词,决定);develop(动词,发展)→ development(名词,发展);donate(动词,捐赠)→ donation(名词,捐赠);teach(动词,教)→ teaching(名词,教学)。
方法技巧:看到形容词(如widening、great、important等)修饰,且该成分作主语或宾语,优先考虑动词变名词;部分动词的-ing形式可作名词(动名词),表“动作本身”,如swimming(游泳)、reading(阅读),而加-ion/-ment后缀的名词多表“动作的结果或状态”,如decision(决定的结果)、development(发展的状态)。
易错点:① 后缀拼写错误,如division不要误写为divison,decision不要误写为decison;② 混淆动名词与名词后缀形式,如divide的名词形式是division(表“分隔”这一抽象概念),而非dividing(动名词,表“划分”这一动作);③ 直接用动词作主语/宾语,如将divide当作名词使用(错误),需转换为division。
延伸知识:部分动词有两种名词形式,含义不同,如act(动词,行动)→ action(名词,行动)、actor(名词,演员);vary(动词,变化)→ variety(名词,多样性)、variation(名词,变化),需结合语境区分使用。
5. 形容词→副词(作状语)
核心用法:形容词通过加后缀(通常为-ly)转换为副词,多作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,描述动作的方式、程度、状态等,部分形容词变副词有特殊变化规则。
新题例题:Seen from the sky, the Hakka Weilong House is ______ (rough) oval-shaped, embodying the living form and order of life that heaven is round and earth is square.(答案:roughly,形容词rough→副词roughly,修饰形容词oval-shaped,表“大致上”)
常见转换:rough(形容词,粗略的)→ roughly(副词,大致上);quick(形容词,快的)→ quickly(副词,快速地);happy(形容词,开心的)→ happily(副词,开心地);careful(形容词,仔细的)→ carefully(副词,仔细地);true(形容词,真实的)→ truly(副词,真正地)。
方法技巧:看到动词、形容词或副词后,需要填充成分修饰它们,优先考虑形容词变副词;句子开头或结尾,需要描述整个句子的状态(如fortunately、unluckily),也用副词作状语。
易错点:① 特殊变化规则混淆,如good(形容词,好的)→ well(副词,好地),不是goodly;late(形容词,晚的)→ late(副词,晚地)、lately(副词,最近),含义不同;② 后缀拼写错误,如happily不要误写为happyly,truly不要误写为truely;③ 遗漏-ly,如将rough直接当作副词修饰oval-shaped(错误),需转换为roughly。
延伸知识:部分副词有两种形式,含义不同,如hard(副词,努力地)与hardly(副词,几乎不)、close(副词,靠近地)与closely(副词,密切地),这类副词需结合语境记忆,避免误用。
二、非谓语动词(高频难点考点)
非谓语动词是语法填空的难点,核心是“不能作谓语,需根据逻辑关系判断形式”,常见类型有过去分词(done)、现在分词(doing)、不定式(to do),结合新题逐一拆解,重点讲解用法区别和判断技巧,避免学生混淆。
1. 过去分词(done)—— 表被动、完成
核心用法:过去分词通常表示“逻辑主语与动作之间是被动关系”,或“动作已完成”,在句中可作后置定语、状语、宾语补足语,是新题中出现频率最高的非谓语形式。
新题例题1:As the Winter Solstice is the first term ______ (establish) among the 24 solar terms, it is often regarded as the starting point of China’s traditional solar term system.(答案:established,term与establish是被动关系,作后置定语,表“被确立的”)
新题例题2:Upon entering the exhibition, visitors are grabbed by the electronic music ______ (mix) with a buzzing noise playing in the game.(答案:mixed,music与mix是被动关系,作后置定语,表“被混合的”)
常见用法场景:① 后置定语:名词+done+介词短语/从句,名词与done是被动关系,如a book written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书)、the problem solved yesterday(昨天解决的问题);② 状语:done+句子,逻辑主语是句子主语,与done是被动关系,如Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市很美);③ 宾语补足语:动词+宾语+done,宾语与done是被动关系,如I had my hair cut yesterday.(我昨天剪了头发)。
方法技巧:看到“名词+______+介词短语/从句”,且名词不能主动发出空格后的动作,优先用过去分词;看到“by+sb”(被某人),大概率用过去分词(表被动)。
易错点:① 误将过去分词当作谓语动词,如将established写成is established(句子已有谓语动词is,不能再用谓语形式);② 混淆过去分词与现在分词,如将mixed写成mixing(music是“被混合”,并非主动“混合”);③ 遗漏过去分词,如空格处直接不填,忽略被动关系。
延伸知识:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为“which/that+be+done”的定语从句,如the term established = the term which is established,便于学生理解句子结构。
2. 现在分词(doing)—— 表主动、进行
核心用法:现在分词通常表示“逻辑主语与动作之间是主动关系”,或“动作正在进行”,在句中可作后置定语、伴随状语、主语、宾语,与过去分词形成鲜明对比,新题中多作伴随状语和后置定语。
新题例题1:Since this day marks a major change in climate and solar terms, the ancient people attached great importance to it, ______ (view) it as significant as the Spring Festival.(答案:viewing,people与view是主动关系,作伴随状语,表“同时发生的动作”)
新题例题2:The visa-free transit policy, ______ (aim) for high-level opening-up, has greatly boosted China’s tourism industry.(答案:aiming,policy与aim是主动关系,作后置定语,表“旨在……”)
常见用法场景:① 伴随状语:句子+逗号+doing,逻辑主语是句子主语,与doing是主动关系,表“伴随主句动作发生的动作”,如He walked on the street, singing a song.(他走在街上,唱着歌);② 后置定语:名词+doing+介词短语/从句,名词与doing是主动关系,如a boy playing football(踢足球的男孩)、a policy aiming for development(旨在发展的政策);③ 主语/宾语:doing作主语或宾语,表“动作本身”,如Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康)、I enjoy reading.(我喜欢阅读)。
方法技巧:看到“句子+逗号+______”,且句子主语能主动发出空格后的动作,优先用现在分词(伴随状语);看到“名词+______+介词短语”,且名词能主动发出空格后的动作,优先用现在分词(后置定语)。
易错点:① 混淆现在分词与过去分词,如将viewing写成viewed(people是主动“认为”,并非被认为);② 误将现在分词当作谓语动词,如将aiming写成aims(句子已有谓语动词has boosted,不能再用谓语形式);③ 现在分词拼写错误,如将viewing写成viewing(正确),不要误写为viewwing。
延伸知识:现在分词作伴随状语,可转换为“and+谓语动词”的并列结构,如viewing it as... = and viewed it as...,帮助学生理解伴随关系。
3. 不定式(to do)—— 表目的、动作未发生
核心用法:不定式通常表示“动作未发生”“目的”或“固定句型搭配”,在句中可作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语、主语,新题中多考查固定句型和目的状语。
新题例题:As an abstract medium, music alters and challenges the participants’ senses, urging us ______ (rethink) ecological justice and species justice.(答案:to rethink,urge sb to do sth固定句型,不定式作宾语补足语)
常见用法场景:① 固定句型:urge sb to do sth(敦促某人做某事)、encourage sb to do sth(鼓励某人做某事)、advise sb to do sth(建议某人做某事)、want sb to do sth(想要某人做某事),这类句型中,不定式作宾语补足语,必须加to;② 目的状语:to do+句子,表“为了……”,如He studied hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了通过考试);③ 宾语:动词+to do,如want to do(想要做)、hope to do(希望做)、decide to do(决定做)。
方法技巧:看到固定句型(如urge sb ______ do sth),直接填to+动词原形;看到句子开头或句中表“目的”(为了……),优先用不定式to do。
易错点:① 固定句型中遗漏to,如将to rethink写成rethink(urge sb后必须加to do);② 混淆不定式与现在分词,如表目的时用doing(错误),需用to do;③ 不定式的否定形式错误,如否定式是not to do,不要写成to not do。
延伸知识:部分动词后接不带to的不定式(即动词原形),如make sb do sth(让某人做某事)、let sb do sth(让某人做某事)、have sb do sth(让某人做某事),这类固定搭配需单独记忆,与带to的不定式区分开。
三、时态与语态(基础必考点)
时态与语态是语法填空的基础,核心是“先判断时态(根据时间标志词或语境),再判断语态(根据主语与动作的关系)”,新题中重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时,以及对应的被动语态,逐一拆解用法和判断技巧。
1. 一般现在时(do/does;am/is/are)—— 表客观事实、经常性动作
核心用法:表示客观事实、真理、经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,无明确过去/将来时间标志,主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词加s/es;被动语态结构:am/is/are + done。
新题例题1:Since this day ______ (mark) a major change in climate and solar terms, the ancient people attached great importance to it.(答案:marks,描述客观事实,主语this day是第三人称单数,用一般现在时)
新题例题2:Basically, the celebration of Winter Solstice nowadays ______ (reflect) in different eating customs.(答案:is reflected,描述现在的被动状态,nowadays是现在时标志,用一般现在时被动语态)
常见时间标志词:nowadays、usually、often、always、every day、every year、sometimes等;常见用法场景:① 客观事实、真理(如The earth goes around the sun.);② 经常性、习惯性动作(如I get up at 7 o’clock every morning.);③ 现在的状态(如He is a student.)。
方法技巧:无明确过去/将来时间标志,描述客观事实、经常性动作或现在的状态,优先用一般现在时;主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词加s/es;主语与动作是被动关系,用一般现在时被动语态。
易错点:① 第三人称单数遗漏s/es,如将marks写成mark;② 被动语态遗漏am/is/are,如将is reflected写成reflected;③ 混淆一般现在时与一般过去时,如描述客观事实时用过去时(错误)。
2. 一般过去时(did;was/were)—— 表过去发生的动作/状态
核心用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态,有明确的过去时间标志,谓语动词用过去式;被动语态结构:was/were + done。
新题例题:“X Virtual Gathering: Honey”, a new project of X Museum’s digital art platform X Virtual, ______ (launch) on Thursday in Beijing.(答案:was launched,on Thursday是过去时间标志,project与launch是被动关系,用一般过去时被动语态)
常见时间标志词:yesterday、last week、last weekend、on Thursday、in 2023、just now、ago等;常见用法场景:① 过去某个具体时间发生的动作(如He went to school yesterday.);② 过去存在的状态(如She was a teacher three years ago.)。
方法技巧:看到明确的过去时间标志,优先用一般过去时;主语与动作是被动关系,用一般过去时被动语态;注意不规则动词的过去式(如go→went、do→did、see→saw)。
易错点:① 不规则动词过去式拼写错误,如将launched写成launchied;② 被动语态遗漏was/were,如将was launched写成launched;③ 无过去时间标志时误用一般过去时,如描述客观事实时用过去时。
3. 现在完成时(has/have + done)—— 表过去动作对现在的影响、持续到现在的动作
核心用法:表示从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,有明确的现在完成时标志词;无被动语态(或极少考查),重点考查主动形式。
新题例题1:Millions of foreigners are now exploring China, and their travel vlogs ______ (go) viral online recently.(答案:have gone,recently是现在完成时标志,表过去动作对现在的影响)
新题例题2:In the old street of Songkou Ancient Town, there are colonial-style buildings that ______ (weather) through the years.(答案:have weathered,through the years是现在完成时标志,表持续到现在的动作)
常见时间标志词:recently、up to now、so far、in the past few years、through the years、since then、for+一段时间等;常见用法场景:① 过去动作对现在的影响(如I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了,对现在的影响是可以玩了);② 过去开始,持续到现在的动作(如He has lived here for 10 years. 他在这里住了10年了,从过去持续到现在)。
方法技巧:看到现在完成时标志词,优先用现在完成时;主语是第三人称单数,用has + done;主语是复数或第一、二人称,用have + done;注意不规则动词的过去分词(如go→gone、weather→weathered、see→seen)。
易错点:① 混淆现在完成时与一般过去时,如recently后用一般过去时(错误),需用现在完成时;② 第三人称单数用have(错误),需用has;③ 不规则动词过去分词拼写错误,如将gone写成went。
四、定语从句(高频考点)
定语从句核心是“修饰名词或代词,由关系词引导”,新题中重点考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,以及关系词(which、whose、that)的用法,结合新题拆解,避免学生混淆关系词的选择。
1. 核心概念
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词(新题中多为名词,如dumplings、policy、town等);关系词:引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词(which、that、whose、who、whom)和关系副词(where、when、why),新题中重点考查which、whose、that。
2. 非限制性定语从句(高频考查)
核心用法:与主句之间用逗号隔开,去掉从句后主句仍完整,不能用that引导,先行词指物时用which,指人时用who/whom;新题中多考查先行词指物,用which引导。
新题例题1:This trend of foreign tourists exploring China is partly due to the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit policy, ______ allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without a visa.(答案:which,先行词是policy,指物,非限制性定语从句,用which引导,在从句中作主语)
新题例题2:The Songkou Ancient Town, ______ was the first stop for Hakka people to go to Southeast Asia after the late Ming Dynasty, has a long history.(答案:which,先行词是town,指物,非限制性定语从句,用which引导,在从句中作主语)
方法技巧:看到“先行词+逗号+______”,优先判断为非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,用which;先行词指人,用who;不能用that。
易错点:① 非限制性定语从句中用that(错误),必须用which/who;② which在从句中作主语时,遗漏谓语动词(如which allows不要写成which allow);③ 混淆非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句(无逗号时可用that)。
3. 关系词whose(高频考查)
核心用法:whose引导定语从句,修饰人或物,在从句中作定语,意为“……的”,相当于“the + 名词 + of which/whom”,新题中多考查修饰物的用法。
新题例题:In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, ______ shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from getting frostbite on their ears.(答案:whose,先行词是dumplings,指物,whose在从句中作定语,修饰shape,意为“饺子的”)
方法技巧:看到“先行词+______+名词+谓语”,从句中缺少定语(修饰名词),优先用whose;可转换为“the + 名词 + of which”,便于理解,如whose shape = the shape of which。
易错点:① 误用which代替whose(which不能作定语,只能作主语或宾语);② 混淆whose与who(who在从句中作主语或宾语,不能作定语)。
4. 限制性定语从句(基础考查)
核心用法:与主句之间无逗号,去掉从句后主句不完整,先行词指物时,which和that可互换;先行词指人时,who和that可互换;新题中考查较少,重点区分与非限制性定语从句的区别。
新题例题:The Winter Solstice, also known as the winter festival, is one of the 24 solar terms in China which falls on December 22.(此处which可换为that,先行词是terms,指物,限制性定语从句,which/that在从句中作主语)
方法技巧:无逗号,先行词指物,作主语或宾语,可用which或that;先行词指人,作主语或宾语,可用who或that。
易错点:① 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时,误用which(需用that);② 先行词是不定代词(如something、anything)时,误用which(需用that)。
五、冠词(基础必考点)
冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the),核心是“判断泛指还是特指”,新题中重点考查不定冠词a/an的用法,结合发音和名词可数性判断,难度较低,重点规避易错点。
1. 不定冠词a/an—— 表泛指,“一个、一段”
核心用法:用于可数名词单数前,表泛指“一个、一段、一种”,a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前,看发音不看字母。
新题例题1:The Winter Solstice, a festival with ______ history of more than 2,000 years, originated from the Han Dynasty.(答案:a,history是可数名词单数,发音以辅音音素开头,表泛指“一段历史”)
新题例题2:The eight music pieces in the game immerse the player in ______ adventure with a bee’s perspective.(答案:an,adventure是可数名词单数,发音以元音音素开头,表泛指“一次冒险”)
常见用法场景:① 可数名词单数首次出现,表泛指(如I have a book. 我有一本书);② 固定搭配,如a history of...(一段……的历史)、an hour(一小时)、a useful book(一本有用的书)。
方法技巧:看到可数名词单数前无特指标志(the、this、that),表泛指,结合单词发音判断用a/an;注意:元音音素开头的单词,即使首字母是辅音(如hour,h不发音,发音以元音音素开头),也用an。
易错点:① 元音音素开头的单词用a(错误),如an adventure不要写成a adventure;② 辅音音素开头的单词用an(错误),如a history不要写成an history;③ 不可数名词前用a/an(错误),如advice(不可数),不能说a advice。
2. 定冠词the—— 表特指,“这个、那个”
核心用法:用于名词前,表特指“某个特定的人或物”,或上文提到过的人或物,新题中考查较少,多结合固定搭配或特指语境。
新题例题:The Winter Solstice, also known as ______ winter festival, is one of the 24 solar terms in China.(答案:the,winter festival特指“冬至这个节日”,表特指)
常见用法场景:① 特指上文提到过的人或物(如I have a book. The book is red.);② 特指某个特定的人或物(如the sun、the moon、the Great Wall);③ 固定搭配,如the Spring Festival、the Tang Dynasty。
易错点:① 泛指时用the(错误),如a book不要写成the book;② 固定搭配中遗漏the(如the Spring Festival不要写成Spring Festival)。
六、介词(基础必考点)
介词核心是“固定搭配”和“语境含义”,新题中重点考查固定搭配(如offer sacrifices to、apply to、response to),少量考查语境介词(如against),无需复杂判断,重点积累固定搭配,规避混淆。
1. 固定搭配类(高频考查)
核心用法:介词与动词、名词、形容词构成固定搭配,含义固定,需牢记,新题中出现的固定搭配的是重点,可结合新题例句强化记忆。
新题中高频固定搭配:
① offer sacrifices to... 向……献祭、祭祀……(例:offer sacrifices to heaven 祭祀天地)
② apply to... 适用于、应用于(例:apply to seven big cities 适用于7个大城市)
③ apply for... 申请……(拓展:apply for a job 申请一份工作)
④ response to... 对……的回应、应对(例:a response to crises 对危机的应对)
⑤ devote oneself to... 致力于……(拓展:devote oneself to study 致力于学习)
方法技巧:看到固定搭配(如offer sacrifices、apply、response),直接联想到对应的介词,无需额外判断;积累新题中出现的固定搭配,避免混淆。
易错点:① 混淆固定搭配的介词,如apply to与apply for,response to与response for(无此搭配);② 固定搭配中遗漏介词,如offer sacrifices后遗漏to。
2. 语境类介词(少量考查)
核心用法:结合语境判断介词含义,新题中重点考查against(靠着、倚着),其他语境介词考查较少,结合语境即可判断。
新题例题:The Weilong House is the dwelling place where Meizhou people put their hearts at ease, with its back ______ the mountains and forests.(答案:against,结合语境“背靠山林”,against表“靠着、倚着”)
常见语境介词:against(靠着、反对)、in(在……里面)、on(在……上面)、at(在……地点/时间)、with(和……一起、带着),结合语境含义即可判断。
易错点:混淆语境介词的含义,如将against写成on(on表“在……上面”,与“背靠”不符)。
七、形容词比较级与最高级(基础考点)
核心是“判断对比范围,确定用比较级还是最高级”,新题中重点考查单音节词的比较级和最高级,结合语境中的对比标志词判断,难度较低。
1. 形容词比较级(er)—— 两者对比,表“更……”
核心用法:用于两者对比,表“一方比另一方更……”,单音节词直接加er,部分双音节词加er或more,新题中重点考查单音节词(如easy→easier)。
新题例题:China has also made it ______ (easy) for foreign visitors to travel by improving mobile payment accessibility.(答案:easier,暗含“改善后与改善前”两者对比,表“更容易”)
常见比较级标志词:than(比)、much(……得多)、a little(一点)、even(甚至);常见单音节词变化:short→shorter、easy→easier、long→longer、quick→quicker。
方法技巧:看到语境中有“两者对比”(如改善前vs改善后、A vs B),优先用比较级;单音节词直接加er,注意拼写规则(如easy变y为i加er)。
易错点:① 单音节词加more(错误),如easier不要写成more easy;② 拼写错误,如easier不要写成easier(正确),不要误写为easyer;③ 无对比语境时误用比较级。
2. 形容词最高级(est)—— 三者及以上对比,表“最……”
核心用法:用于三者及以上对比,表“在某个范围内最……”,单音节词直接加est,前面通常加the,新题中重点考查语境中的三者及以上对比。
新题例题:The Winter Solstice... when the sun is directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, making the day in the northern hemisphere the ______ (short) day and the night longest.(答案:shortest,语境是“北半球所有日子中”,三者及以上对比,表“最短的”)
常见最高级标志词:the、of all、in...(在……范围内)、one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数;常见单音节词变化:short→shortest、long→longest、easy→easiest。
方法技巧:看到语境中有“三者及以上对比”(如所有日子、所有地区),优先用最高级;单音节词直接加est,前面必须加the。
易错点:① 遗漏the(最高级前面通常加the);② 单音节词加most(错误),如shortest不要写成most short;③ 两者对比时误用最高级(如两者对比用shorter,不要用shortest)。
八、宾语从句(基础考点)
核心是“引导词的选择”,新题中重点考查表“是否”的引导词whether,结合动词(如questions)的语境判断,难度较低,重点区分whether与if的用法。
新题例题:The phrase “city bu city” questions ______ a place has the fashionable atmosphere and modern vitality of a big city like Beijing or Shanghai.(答案:whether,questions表“质疑”,从句表“是否”,用whether引导)
核心用法:宾语从句是作动词、介词的宾语,引导词分为三类:① 表“是否”:whether、if;② 表“疑问”:what、who、when、where、how、why;③ 表“陈述”:that(可省略)。
方法技巧:看到动词(如questions、ask、wonder、know)后接宾语从句,且从句表“是否”,优先用whether;if也可表“是否”,但不如whether正式,且有诸多限制(不能用于介词后、不能引导表语从句/主语从句)。
易错点:① 表“是否”时,在questions后用if(虽然可接受,但whether更正式,新题答案优先用whether);② 混淆whether与that(that表陈述,无“是否”含义)。
九、核心总结与解题技巧(适配新题)
结合两组新题,总结语法填空的核心解题步骤,帮助学生快速解题,避免盲目刷题,提升解题效率,贴合学生学习实际:
1. 第一步:判断句子成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语),确定所需词性(如名词前缺定语,优先考虑形容词或词性转换;动词后缺宾语,优先考虑名词或代词);
2. 第二步:若空格后有括号(给出单词),优先考虑词性转换、时态语态、形容词比较级/最高级、非谓语动词(根据逻辑关系判断形式);
3. 第三步:若空格后无括号,优先考虑冠词、介词、连词(定语从句关系词、宾语从句引导词),重点回忆固定搭配;
4. 第四步:结合语境和时间标志词,判断时态和语态(先判断语态,再判断时态);
5. 第五步:检查易错点(如第三人称单数、被动语态遗漏be动词、非谓语动词形式、冠词发音判断、固定搭配介词)。
补充:新题均为长难句,解题时可先划分句子主干(主谓宾),再分析修饰成分(定语、状语),避免被长难句的复杂结构干扰,快速定位考点。
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