语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破（24）-2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦语法填空高频考点，通过“模拟+联考题”训练与“知识点汇总”系统整合，构建从考点解析到变式应用的方法体系，提升语言运用与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词性转换|32题（如leading/university）|据句子成分判断词性，区分主动/被动转换|从动词→形容词/名词等规则到语境应用，结合易错点强化辨析| |非谓语动词|32题（如admitting/given）|判断逻辑主语关系（主动doing/被动done），掌握固定句型to do|按伴随/定语/结果状语分类，解析作用与形式匹配| |时态语态|32题（如brings/were discovered）|先判语态再定时态，关注时间状语|从一般现在/过去时到现在完成时，结合语境推导| |定语从句|16题（如which/whose）|找先行词判成分，区分限制性/非限制性从句|建立“先行词-成分-关系词”对应逻辑|

语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（单句长难句·16题） 请根据句意及语法知识，在横线上填入适当的词（每空1词，可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等），完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. Cheers echoed across the frozen Songhua River in northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, where students from ______ (lead) universities in China and Britain competed in a first-of-its-kind ice dragon boat race. 2. The event, known as the “HIT-Cambridge-Oxford Cup,” ______ (bring) together 14 teams, including those from Oxford, Cambridge and Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), as well as universities from Hong Kong and Macao. 3. ______ traditional water dragon boating, this ice dragon boating requires athletes to use ice picks to push their boats forward on solid ice, a task demanding great upper body strength. 4. Edward Townsend from Cambridge described the race as a fantastic experience, ______ (admit) it was the first time that they had tried dragon boat racing on ice and that adapting to the cold climate ______ (be) no easy task. 5. With guidance provided by HIT ______ (coach), however, his team gradually mastered the skills and secured the first prize in the race. 6. Besides the ______ (compete), participants also enjoyed various cultural activities, visiting the Harbin Ice-Snow World, feeding Siberian tigers and experiencing local cuisine. 7. Organizers hope that the friendship race will provide ______ useful platform for youth exchanges between China and Britain, as well as an important link for universities ______ (expand) cooperation and jointly develop talent. 8. For countless readers of Journey to the West, the expedition is inseparable from a single, silent figure: the White Dragon Horse, ______ (give) to the monk Xuanzang as his companion. 9. It is this horse — faithful yet seldom noticed — ______ carries him every step of the way, representing the quiet strength, without ______ no great journey can succeed. 10. Horses bore silent witness to shifting moods and decisive ______ (passage), returning home after a long journey, bidding farewell to an old friend, or setting off for the distant frontier. 11. Such moments ______ (record) carefully in poems during China’s Tang and Song dynasties, which reflects the deep connection between horses and people in ancient times. 12. It is no exaggeration ______ (say) that the traces of horse footsteps run deep through the poetic history of China. 13. This legacy finds ______ contemporary form in the hugely popular 2024 TV series To the Wonder, where the horse is neither a heroic creature nor a romantic symbol, ______ a steady presence in daily routines. 14. The drama resonates deeply with modern audiences, ______ (offer) a familiar insight: freedom lies not only in mastery, but also in learning how to move together. 15. The peony, often referred to as the King of Flowers, holds a special place in Chinese culture, ______ vibrant colors and elegant appearance symbolize prosperity, honor, and beauty. 16. The peony ______ (cultivate) widely across the country up to now, making it a favorite among Chinese people for its profound cultural meanings. 第一组 举一反三练习题（单句长难句·16题） 结合第一组知识点（词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、连词等），完成下列单句长难句填空，侧重同类考点的灵活运用，均为长难句，贴合原文语境风格，强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. Shouts of excitement spread across the square, where students from ______ (lead) middle schools in the city competed in a speech contest. 2. The activity, organized by the city’s education bureau, ______ (gather) more than 200 students from different districts. 3. ______ the previous speech contests, this year’s event requires participants to deliver speeches on traditional culture, a task testing their cultural literacy. 4. Li Hua from No.1 Middle School described the contest as a precious experience, ______ (admit) it was the first time that she had stood on such a big stage and that overcoming nervousness ______ (be) a great challenge. 5. With guidance provided by school ______ (teacher), she gradually built up confidence and won the second prize in the contest. 6. Besides the ______ (compete), the students also took part in various cultural activities, watching traditional operas, learning paper-cutting and tasting local snacks. 7. The school hopes that the speech contest will provide ______ valuable platform for students’ communication, as well as an important chance for them ______ (improve) their expression skills. 8. For many fans of the classic novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei’s success is closely related to a loyal figure: Zhuge Liang, ______ (give) to him as a strategist and companion. 9. It is this loyalty — selfless yet powerful — ______ helps Liu Bei achieve his dream, without ______ he would have failed many times. 10. Old people bore silent witness to the great changes and important ______ (passage) of the city, living through hardships and enjoying the fruits of development. 11. These touching stories ______ (record) carefully in books during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which shows the wisdom and kindness of ancient people. 12. It is no exaggeration ______ (say) that Zhuge Liang’s wisdom has influenced generations of Chinese people. 13. This traditional spirit finds ______ modern form in the popular TV series Three Kingdoms, where Zhuge Liang is neither a god nor a myth, ______ a hard-working and loyal strategist. 14. The TV series touches the hearts of modern audiences, ______ (offer) a precious insight: loyalty and wisdom are the most valuable qualities. 15. The chrysanthemum, often regarded as a symbol of perseverance, holds a special place in Chinese culture, ______ cold-resistant characteristics and elegant shapes symbolize courage and purity. 16. The chrysanthemum ______ (cultivate) widely in northern China up to now, becoming a representative flower in autumn. 第二组 语法填空（单句长难句·16题） 请根据句意及语法知识，在横线上填入适当的词（每空1词，可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等），完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. Dozens of Chinese-made humanoid robots showed off their fast-improving athleticism and autonomous navigation skills as they whizzed past human runners in a half-marathon race in Beijing on Sunday, ______ (highlight) the sector’s rapid technical advances. 2. The race’s first edition last year was crowded with incidents, and most robots were unable to finish, but this year’s contrast was ______ (notice). 3. Not only did the number of ______ (participate) increase greatly, but several robot frontrunners were much faster than professional athletes. 4. ______ last year, nearly half of the robot competitors navigated the tougher ground autonomously instead of ______ (direct) by remote control. 5. The winning robot, ______ was developed by Chinese brand Honor, finished in 50 minutes 26 seconds, breaking the human half marathon world record. 6. Du Xiaodi said the robot ______ (equip) with advanced technology, which helped it finish the race quickly. 7. He added the sector remained in the early stage but would finally reshape many ______ (industry) in the future. 8. China is seeking to become ______ global powerhouse in the humanoid robot field and has passed policies to support local firms. 9. The Nanyue King Museum is ______ large-scale archaeological site museum built on the important remains of the Nanyue Kingdom. 10. It consists of two exhibition ______ (site): the Site of the King’s Tomb and the Site of the Palace and Garden, both of which preserve valuable historical relics. 11. The Site of the King’s Tomb is the ______ (large) and best-preserved painted stone tomb of the Han Dynasty in the Lingnan region. 12. More than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics ______ (discover) from the tomb in 1983, which shocked the archaeological world at that time. 13. The Site of the Palace and Garden contains 13 cultural strata from the Qin Dynasty to the Republic of China, ______ (show) the long historical development of Guangzhou. 14. The royal garden of Nanyue, including a large stone pond and a crooked stone brook, is the earliest and best-preserved royal garden discovered in China so far, with its original layout ______ (careful) preserved. 15. The layout allows visitors ______ (appreciate) ancient design principles and feel the charm of ancient royal gardens. 16. The Nanyue King Museum, ______ (bear) more than 2,000 years of history of Lingnan culture, is an important witness to the mixed pattern of Chinese civilization. 第二组 举一反三练习题（单句长难句·16题） 结合第二组知识点（词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、形容词最高级等），完成下列单句长难句填空，侧重同类考点的灵活运用，均为长难句，贴合原文语境风格，强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. Hundreds of Chinese-made intelligent robots showed off their excellent performance and independent operation skills as they worked in the factory, ______ (highlight) the rapid development of China’s robot industry. 2. The first test of the robot last month was full of difficulties, and most of them failed, but this month’s improvement was ______ (notice). 3. Not only did the number of ______ (participate) grow rapidly, but many robots completed the task more efficiently than human workers. 4. ______ last month, most of the robots finished the task autonomously instead of ______ (direct) by the workers. 5. The best robot, ______ was produced by a local company, completed the task in 30 minutes, setting a new record. 6. The engineer said the robot ______ (equip) with advanced sensors, which helped it avoid obstacles. 7. He added that the robot industry was still in the early stage but would reshape many ______ (industry) in the near future. 8. Our country is striving to become ______ global leader in the intelligent robot field and has introduced policies to support related enterprises. 9. The Shaolin Temple Museum is ______ large-scale cultural museum built on the site of the ancient Shaolin Temple. 10. It consists of three exhibition ______ (site): the Shaolin Temple Hall, the Martial Arts Museum and the Cultural Relic Hall, all of which protect precious cultural heritage. 11. The Shaolin Temple Hall is the ______ (large) and best-preserved hall of the Shaolin Temple, with a history of more than 1,500 years. 12. More than 500 pieces of cultural relics ______ (discover) from the hall in 1990, attracting the attention of cultural experts. 13. The Martial Arts Museum contains 10 cultural strata from the Sui Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, ______ (show) the long history of Shaolin martial arts. 14. The ancient martial arts equipment, including swords and fists, is the earliest and best-preserved in China so far, with its original appearance ______ (careful) preserved. 15. The equipment allows visitors ______ (experience) the charm of ancient Shaolin martial arts and understand its cultural connotation. 16. The Shaolin Temple Museum, ______ (bear) more than 1,500 years of history of Shaolin culture, is an important witness to the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. 语法知识点汇总（系统详细版） 本汇总整合两组练习所有高频考点，分模块详细解析，结合例题、易错点和方法技巧，帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络，兼顾基础性和实用性，避免机械记忆，提升灵活运用能力。 一、词性转换（核心考点） 词性转换是语法填空高频考点，核心是根据句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语）判断所需词性，再进行相应转换，常见转换类型如下： 1. 动词→形容词 核心用法：动词转换为形容词，多作定语（修饰名词）或表语（跟在系动词后）。 常见转换：lead（动词，带领）→ leading（形容词，领先的）；notice（动词，注意）→ noticeable（形容词，明显的）；work（动词，工作）→ working（形容词，工作的）；run（动词，奔跑）→ running（形容词，奔跑的）。 例题：Cheers echoed across the frozen Songhua River, where students from ______ (lead) universities competed.（答案：leading，作定语修饰universities） 易错点：区分动词的现在分词（表主动/进行，可作形容词）和过去分词（表被动/完成，可作形容词），如leading（主动，领先的）≠ led（被动，被带领的）。 2. 动词→名词 核心用法：动词转换为名词，多作主语、宾语（介词后、动词后）。 常见转换：compete（动词，竞争）→ competition（名词，比赛）；participate（动词，参与）→ participant（名词，参与者）/ participation（名词，参与）；lead（动词，带领）→ leader（名词，领导者）；perform（动词，表演）→ performance（名词，表演）。 例题：Besides the ______ (compete), participants also enjoyed various cultural activities.（答案：competition，作介词besides的宾语） 易错点：注意名词的可数与不可数，如participant（可数，参与者）≠ participation（不可数，参与）；the number of后需接可数名词复数，如the number of participants（参与者的数量）。 3. 形容词→副词 核心用法：形容词转换为副词，作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。 常见转换：careful（形容词，仔细的）→ carefully（副词，仔细地）；quick（形容词，快的）→ quickly（副词，快速地）；happy（形容词，开心的）→ happily（副词，开心地）。 例题：with its original layout ______ (careful) preserved.（答案：carefully，修饰动词preserved） 易错点：拼写错误，如careful→carefully（不能误写为carefuly）；区分形容词和副词的用法，形容词不能修饰动词，副词不能作表语。 二、非谓语动词（难点考点） 非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式，核心是判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系（主动/被动）、非谓语动词在句中的作用（伴随状语、后置定语、宾语补足语、真正主语等），具体分类如下： 1. 现在分词（doing） 核心用法：逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系；可作伴随状语、后置定语、结果状语。 ① 伴随状语：放在句末，用逗号与主句隔开，表“同时发生的动作”，如：Edward Townsend described the race as a fantastic experience, ______ (admit) it was the first time he had tried it.（答案：admitting，Edward与admit是主动关系，表伴随）。 ② 后置定语：修饰名词，表主动，相当于定语从句which/that + 谓语动词，如：The Nanyue King Museum, ______ (bear) more than 2,000 years of history, is an important witness.（答案：bearing，博物馆与bear是主动关系，相当于which bears）。 ③ 结果状语：表“自然而然的结果”，如：Dozens of robots whizzed past human runners, ______ (highlight) the sector’s rapid advances.（答案：highlighting，表机器人比赛带来的自然结果）。 易错点：不要误写为过去分词（表被动），如highlighting≠highlighted。 2. 过去分词（done） 核心用法：逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系；可作后置定语、伴随状语。 ① 后置定语：修饰名词，表被动，相当于定语从句which/that + be + done，如：the White Dragon Horse, ______ (give) to the monk Xuanzang as his companion.（答案：given，白龙马与give是被动关系，相当于which is given）。 ② 伴随状语：表被动，放在句末，用逗号与主句隔开，如：The letter, ______ (write) by my father, was sent to me yesterday.（答案：written，信与write是被动关系）。 易错点：区分过去分词与现在分词，被动关系用过去分词，主动关系用现在分词，如given（被动）≠ giving（主动）。 3. 不定式（to do） 核心用法：可作真正主语、后置定语、宾语补足语，常结合固定句型考查。 ① 真正主语：固定句型it is + 名词/形容词 + to do sth，it是形式主语，如：It is no exaggeration ______ (say) that the traces of horse footsteps run deep.（答案：to say，符合it is no exaggeration to do sth句型）。 ② 后置定语：修饰名词（如link、ability、way、chance、opportunity），表“……的（事物）”，如：an important link for universities ______ (expand) cooperation.（答案：to expand，表“促进合作的纽带”）。 ③ 宾语补足语：固定句型allow sb to do sth、ask sb to do sth、tell sb to do sth等，如：The layout allows visitors ______ (appreciate) ancient design principles.（答案：to appreciate，符合allow sb to do sth句型）。 易错点：固定句型中不能用动名词代替不定式，如it is no exaggeration to say≠it is no exaggeration saying；allow sb to do sth≠allow sb doing sth。 4. 动名词的被动形式（being done） 核心用法：介词（短语）后接动名词，且逻辑主语与动名词是被动关系，如：instead of ______ (direct) by remote control.（答案：being directed，instead of是介词短语，机器人与direct是被动关系）。 易错点：不能遗漏being，如being directed≠directed；介词后不能接动词原形，如instead of direct×。 三、时态语态（基础考点） 时态语态的核心是“先判断语态（主动/被动），再判断时态”，结合时间状语或语境确定时态，常见时态+语态组合如下： 1. 一般现在时（主动/被动） 核心用法：描述客观事实、既定活动、真理，无明确过去/将来时间状语；被动语态结构：am/is/are + done。 例题：The event, known as the “HIT-Cambridge-Oxford Cup,” ______ (bring) together 14 teams.（答案：brings，一般现在时，主动，描述赛事的既定活动）。 易错点：主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加s/es，如brings≠bring；被动语态不要遗漏be动词，如is brought≠brought。 2. 一般过去时（主动/被动） 核心用法：描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态，有明确过去时间状语（如yesterday、last year、in 1983、during the Tang and Song dynasties）；被动语态结构：was/were + done。 例题：More than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics ______ (discover) from the tomb in 1983.（答案：were discovered，一般过去时，被动，时间状语in 1983）。 易错点：复数主语用were，单数主语用was，如were discovered（复数主语）≠was discovered；不要混淆一般过去时与一般现在时，如were discovered≠are discovered。 3. 现在完成时（被动） 核心用法：描述从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，有时间状语（如up to now、so far、in the past few years、since then）；被动语态结构：has/have + been + done。 例题：The peony ______ (cultivate) widely across the country up to now.（答案：has been cultivated，现在完成时，被动，时间状语up to now）。 易错点：不要遗漏been，如has been cultivated≠has cultivated；单数主语用has，复数主语用have，如has been cultivated（单数主语）≠have been cultivated。 4. 宾语从句的时态 核心用法：主句用一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时）。 例题：Du Xiaodi said the robot ______ (equip) with advanced technology.（答案：was equipped，主句said是一般过去时，宾语从句用一般过去时被动）。 易错点：宾语从句时态与主句时态一致，如was equipped≠is equipped。 四、定语从句（难点考点） 定语从句核心是“找先行词，判断先行词在从句中的成分”，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，重点考查关系词的选择： 1. 关系词which 核心用法：先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；非限制性定语从句中，先行词指物，只能用which，不能用that。 ① 作主语：The winning robot, ______ was developed by Chinese brand Honor, finished in 50 minutes.（答案：which，先行词the winning robot指物，在从句中作主语）。 ② 作宾语：The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（答案：which，先行词the book指物，在从句中作宾语）。 易错点：非限制性定语从句中不能用that代替which，如which≠that。 2. 关系词that 核心用法：先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；强调句型中，无论先行词指人还是物，均用that。 ① 定语从句：The robot ______ was made in China won the race.（答案：that/which，先行词the robot指物，在从句中作主语）。 ② 强调句型：It is this horse ______ carries him every step of the way.（答案：that，强调句型it is + 被强调部分 + that...）。 易错点：强调句型的that不能省略；介词后不能用that，只能用which/whom。 3. 关系词whose 核心用法：先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语（修饰从句中的名词），相当于“the + 名词 + of which/whom”。 例题：The peony, ______ vibrant colors and elegant appearance symbolize prosperity, holds a special place.（答案：whose，先行词the peony指物，在从句中作定语，修饰vibrant colors and elegant appearance，相当于the vibrant colors and elegant appearance of which）。 易错点：不要混淆whose与which，which不能作定语，如whose≠which。 4. 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 ① 非限制性定语从句：与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉从句后主句仍完整，不能用that引导；② 限制性定语从句：与主句之间无逗号，去掉从句后主句不完整，that/which/who均可引导。 五、冠词（基础考点） 冠词分为不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the），核心是判断“泛指”与“特指”，结合单词发音确定a/an： 1. 不定冠词a/an 核心用法：表泛指“一个、一座、一件”，用于可数名词单数前；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前（看发音，不看字母）。 例题1：Organizers hope that the friendship race will provide ______ useful platform.（答案：a，useful发音以辅音音素/juː/开头，表泛指）。 例题2：China is seeking to become ______ global powerhouse.（答案：a，global发音以辅音音素/ɡləʊbəl/开头，表泛指）。 易错点：误以为元音字母开头就用an，如useful（u开头，辅音音素）用a，不用an；an用于元音音素开头的单词，如an apple、an hour。 2. 定冠词the 核心用法：表特指“某一个、某一些”，用于双方都知道的人或物、序数词/最高级前、专有名词前等。 例题：The Site of the King’s Tomb is the ______ (large) and best-preserved painted stone tomb.（答案：largest，最高级前加the）。 易错点：泛指时不用the，如a useful platform≠the useful platform；最高级前必须加the，如the largest≠largest。 六、介词（基础考点） 重点考查表“对比”的介词unlike，结合语境判断介词用法： 核心用法：unlike（介词），表“与……不同”，后接名词/代词，可位于句首或句中，无需变形。 例题：______ traditional water dragon boating, this ice dragon boating requires athletes to use ice picks.（答案：Unlike，表“与传统水上龙舟不同”）。 易错点：区分unlike（介词，与……不同）与unlikely（形容词，不可能的），如Unlike≠Unlikely。 七、连词（基础考点） 重点考查并列连词but，结合固定搭配neither...nor...but...考查： 核心用法：neither...nor...but...，意为“既不是……也不是……而是……”，表转折并列，强调后者。 例题：the horse is neither a heroic creature nor a romantic symbol, ______ a steady presence in daily routines.（答案：but，符合neither...nor...but...搭配）。 易错点：区分but（转折）与and（顺承），此处表转折，用but，不用and。 八、名词单复数（基础考点） 核心是根据修饰词（many、two、some等）、并列结构、语境判断名词单复数，常见复数变化规则： 1. 一般情况：直接加s，如site→sites、passage→passages； 2. 以ch、sh、s、x结尾：加es，如coach→coaches、watch→watches； 3. 以y结尾：y前是辅音字母，变y为i加es，如industry→industries、city→cities；y前是元音字母，直接加s，如boy→boys、toy→toys； 例题1：With guidance provided by HIT ______ (coach).（答案：coaches，语境表“多位教练”，用复数）。 例题2：He added the sector would finally reshape many ______ (industry).（答案：industries，many修饰，用复数，符合y前辅音字母变y为i加es规则）。 易错点：忽略修饰词或语境的复数含义，如coaches≠coach；复数变化规则记错，如industries≠industrys。 九、形容词最高级（基础考点） 核心用法：用于三者及以上对比，表“最……的”，前面通常加the；单音节词直接加est，多音节词加most。 例题：The Site of the King’s Tomb is the ______ (large) and best-preserved painted stone tomb.（答案：largest，large是单音节词，最高级加est，前面加the）。 易错点：混淆最高级与比较级，如largest（最高级）≠larger（比较级）；忘记加the，如the largest≠largest。 十、高频固定句型（必记考点） 结合两组练习，汇总以下高频固定句型，需熟练掌握，直接应用于语法填空： 1. it is no exaggeration to do sth 做某事毫不夸张； 2. it was the first time that... 过去第一次做某事（that从句用过去完成时）； 3. it is the first time that... 现在第一次做某事（that从句用现在完成时）； 4. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事； 5. neither...nor...but... 既不是……也不是……而是……； 6. be equipped with 被配备……； 7. the number of + 复数名词 ……的数量（谓语动词用单数）； 8. a number of + 复数名词 许多……（谓语动词用复数）； 9. it is + 被强调部分 + that... 强调句型（强调人时可用who）。 十一、易错点汇总（避坑指南） 1. 词性转换：混淆动词变形容词的主动/被动形式（leading≠led）；形容词变副词拼写错误（carefully≠carefuly）； 2. 非谓语动词：混淆现在分词（主动）与过去分词（被动）；固定句型中用动名词代替不定式；动名词被动形式遗漏being； 3. 时态语态：被动语态遗漏be动词；现在完成时被动遗漏been；宾语从句时态与主句不一致； 4. 定语从句：非限制性定语从句用that代替which；介词后用that；混淆whose与which； 5. 冠词：元音字母开头的单词误用an（如useful用a）；最高级前遗漏the； 6. 名词单复数：复数变化规则记错（如industry→industries≠industrys）；忽略语境的复数含义； 7. 介词：混淆unlike（介词）与unlikely（形容词）。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（单句长难句·16题） 请根据句意及语法知识，在横线上填入适当的词（每空1词，可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等），完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. Cheers echoed across the frozen Songhua River in northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, where students from ______ (lead) universities in China and Britain competed in a first-of-its-kind ice dragon boat race. 2. The event, known as the “HIT-Cambridge-Oxford Cup,” ______ (bring) together 14 teams, including those from Oxford, Cambridge and Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), as well as universities from Hong Kong and Macao. 3. ______ traditional water dragon boating, this ice dragon boating requires athletes to use ice picks to push their boats forward on solid ice, a task demanding great upper body strength. 4. Edward Townsend from Cambridge described the race as a fantastic experience, ______ (admit) it was the first time that they had tried dragon boat racing on ice and that adapting to the cold climate ______ (be) no easy task. 5. With guidance provided by HIT ______ (coach), however, his team gradually mastered the skills and secured the first prize in the race. 6. Besides the ______ (compete), participants also enjoyed various cultural activities, visiting the Harbin Ice-Snow World, feeding Siberian tigers and experiencing local cuisine. 7. Organizers hope that the friendship race will provide ______ useful platform for youth exchanges between China and Britain, as well as an important link for universities ______ (expand) cooperation and jointly develop talent. 8. For countless readers of Journey to the West, the expedition is inseparable from a single, silent figure: the White Dragon Horse, ______ (give) to the monk Xuanzang as his companion. 9. It is this horse — faithful yet seldom noticed — ______ carries him every step of the way, representing the quiet strength, without ______ no great journey can succeed. 10. Horses bore silent witness to shifting moods and decisive ______ (passage), returning home after a long journey, bidding farewell to an old friend, or setting off for the distant frontier. 11. Such moments ______ (record) carefully in poems during China’s Tang and Song dynasties, which reflects the deep connection between horses and people in ancient times. 12. It is no exaggeration ______ (say) that the traces of horse footsteps run deep through the poetic history of China. 13. This legacy finds ______ contemporary form in the hugely popular 2024 TV series To the Wonder, where the horse is neither a heroic creature nor a romantic symbol, ______ a steady presence in daily routines. 14. The drama resonates deeply with modern audiences, ______ (offer) a familiar insight: freedom lies not only in mastery, but also in learning how to move together. 15. The peony, often referred to as the King of Flowers, holds a special place in Chinese culture, ______ vibrant colors and elegant appearance symbolize prosperity, honor, and beauty. 16. The peony ______ (cultivate) widely across the country up to now, making it a favorite among Chinese people for its profound cultural meanings. 第一组 答案及详细核心知识点（方法指导+思维引领） 1. 答案：leading （知识点：词性转换，动词lead（带领、领先）转换为形容词leading，作定语，修饰universities（大学），意为“顶尖的、领先的”；核心思维：看到名词前需要修饰词，优先考虑词性转换，动词变形容词常作定语，结合语境“中国和英国的顶尖大学”，确定用leading；拓展：lead的常见词性转换：lead（动词，带领）→ leading（形容词，领先的）→ leader（名词，领导者）；常见搭配：leading universities（顶尖大学）、leading role（主导作用）、leading technology（前沿技术）；易错点：注意区分leading（形容词，表“领先的”）与led（动词lead的过去式/过去分词，表“被带领”），此处需要形容词修饰名词，不能用led；补充：类似词性转换：work（动词，工作）→ working（形容词，工作的）、run（动词，奔跑）→ running（形容词，奔跑的）。） 2. 答案：brings （知识点：时态，此处描述客观存在的事件（赛事汇集14支队伍），属于既定事实，用一般现在时，主语the event（赛事）是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用brings；核心思维：无明确过去/将来时间状语，描述客观事实、既定活动或真理，优先考虑一般现在时，关键是判断主语单复数，确保主谓一致；拓展：bring的常见搭配：bring together（汇集、聚集）、bring about（导致、引起）、bring up（抚养、提出）、bring in（引入、收获）；易错点：不要误写为brought（过去式），此处无过去时间标志（如yesterday、last year），不能用过去时；补充：类似主谓一致例句：The meeting is held every month.（会议每月举行，客观事实，用一般现在时被动语态，主语单数，谓语用is held）。） 3. 答案：Unlike （知识点：介词的用法，结合语境“与传统水上龙舟不同，冰上龙舟需要运动员用冰镐推船”，此处表示“与……不同”，用介词unlike；核心思维：看到前后两种同类事物（传统水上龙舟和冰上龙舟）形成对比，优先考虑表“对比”的介词（unlike、like），结合后文“requires athletes to use ice picks”（冰上龙舟的特殊要求），可知是“不同”，故用unlike；拓展：unlike的用法：介词，后接名词/代词，表“与……不同”，可位于句首或句中，无需变形，如Unlike his brother, he is quiet and careful.（与他哥哥不同，他安静又细心。）；like作介词时表“像……一样”，注意区分，如Like traditional dragon boating, ice dragon boating is a team sport.（和传统龙舟一样，冰上龙舟也是一项团队运动。）；易错点：不要误写为Unlikely（形容词，意为“不可能的”），此处需要介词，而非形容词。） 4. 答案：admitting；was （知识点：① 非谓语动词-现在分词，Edward Townsend（主语）与admit（承认）之间是主动关系，即“Edward主动承认……”，此处用现在分词admitting作伴随状语，表“描述赛事的同时承认某事”，伴随状语通常放在句末，用逗号与主句隔开；② 时态，it was the first time that...是固定句型，that从句用过去完成时（had tried），主句用一般过去时，故第二个空填was；核心思维：① 伴随状语判断：句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，用现在分词；被动关系用过去分词；② 固定句型时态记忆：it was the first time that...（过去第一次做某事），主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时；it is the first time that...（现在第一次做某事），从句用现在完成时；拓展：admit的常见搭配：admit doing sth（承认做过某事，如admit making a mistake）、admit that从句（承认……）；补充例句：She stood there, smiling（主动，伴随状语） and holding a book.（她站在那里，笑着，手里拿着一本书。）；易错点：admit不能误写为admitted（过去分词，表被动，此处无被动含义）；第二个空不能误写为is，句型中主句时态与从句时态必须匹配，从句用过去完成时，主句需用过去时。） 5. 答案：coaches （知识点：名词单复数，coach（教练）是可数名词，结合语境“HIT（哈尔滨工业大学）提供的指导”，可知不可能只有一位教练，故用复数coaches；核心思维：看到名词前无不定冠词a/an，且结合语境可判断为“多个”（如机构、团队提供的服务，通常由多人完成），优先考虑复数形式；拓展：coach的复数变化：以ch结尾的可数名词，复数加es，类似的还有watch→watches、match→matches、church→churches；常见搭配：HIT coaches（哈工大教练）、train with coaches（和教练一起训练）、head coach（主教练）；易错点：不要误写为coach（单数），忽略“复数含义”，此处guidance（指导）是多位教练共同提供的，并非单一教练，故用复数；补充：可数名词复数的判断技巧：结合名词前的修饰词（如many、some、several）或语境（机构、团队相关），无修饰词但表“多个”时，用复数。） 6. 答案：competition （知识点：词性转换，动词compete（竞争、比赛）转换为名词competition（比赛、竞赛），作介词besides的宾语，意为“除了比赛之外”；核心思维：介词（如besides、in、on、at、for）后需接名词、动名词或代词，此处结合语境“除了比赛，参与者还享受文化活动”，需要“比赛”的名词含义，而非“竞争”的动作，故用名词competition；拓展：compete的完整词性转换体系：compete（动词，竞争）→ competition（名词，比赛）→ competitive（形容词，有竞争力的）→ competitor（名词，竞争者）；常见搭配：the competition（这场比赛）、take part in a competition（参加比赛）、win a competition（赢得比赛）；易错点：不要误写为competing（动名词，表“竞争”的动作），此处强调“比赛”这一事件，而非“竞争”的动作过程；补充：类似词性转换：work（动词，工作）→ work（名词，工作）、study（动词，学习）→ study（名词，学习）、perform（动词，表演）→ performance（名词，表演）。） 7. 答案：a；to expand （知识点：① 冠词，platform（平台）是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个有用的平台”，且useful的发音以辅音音素/juː/开头，故用不定冠词a；② 非谓语动词-不定式，此处用不定式to expand作后置定语，修饰link（纽带），表“促进合作的纽带”，即“纽带的作用是促进合作”；核心思维：① 可数名词单数前无特指标志（如the、this、that），优先考虑不定冠词a/an，判断用a还是an，关键看单词发音（辅音音素开头用a，元音音素开头用an），而非字母；② 名词（如link、ability、way、chance、opportunity）后常接不定式作后置定语，表“……的（事物）”，即“某物的作用/用途是做某事”；拓展：platform的常见搭配：a useful platform（一个有用的平台）、a platform for exchange（交流平台）、a digital platform（数字平台）；expand的常见搭配：expand cooperation（促进合作）、expand into（扩展到）、expand one’s horizons（开阔视野）；易错点：useful发音以辅音音素/juː/开头，不能用an（很多学生误以为u是元音字母就用an，忽略发音）；不定式to expand不能误写为expanding（现在分词，表主动，此处是“纽带的作用是促进合作”，用不定式表目的/作用更合适）；补充：类似不定式作后置定语的例句：a way to solve the problem（解决问题的方法）、an opportunity to learn（学习的机会）。） 8. 答案：given （知识点：非谓语动词-过去分词，the White Dragon Horse（白龙马）与give（给予）之间是被动关系，即“白龙马被给予玄奘作为同伴”，此处用过去分词given作后置定语，修饰the White Dragon Horse，相当于定语从句which is given；核心思维：过去分词作后置定语，表被动或完成，逻辑主语是被修饰的名词，看到“名词+______+介词短语”（此处是the White Dragon Horse + ______ + to the monk Xuanzang），且名词与所填动词是被动关系，优先用过去分词；拓展：give的常见搭配：give sth to sb（把某物给某人），被动形式为be given to sb；类似过去分词作后置定语的用法：a gift given to me（给我的礼物）、a book written by Lu Xun（鲁迅写的书）、a building built in 1990（1990年建造的大楼）；易错点：不要误写为giving（现在分词，表主动，白龙马是“被给予”，并非主动“给予”玄奘，故用given）；补充：过去分词作后置定语与现在分词作后置定语的区别：主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词，如a boy running on the playground（主动，跑步的男孩）、a boy beaten by his father（被动，被父亲打的男孩）。） 9. 答案：that；which （知识点：① 强调句型，it is + 被强调部分 + that...，此处被强调部分是this horse（这匹马），指物，故用that；② 非限制性定语从句，先行词是the quiet strength（沉默的力量），指物，在从句中作without的宾语，故用which；核心思维：① 看到it is...that...结构，先去掉it is和that，若句子仍完整（此处去掉后为This horse — faithful yet seldom noticed — carries him every step of the way），即为强调句型，强调人时可用who，强调物时只能用that；② 非限制性定语从句（与主句之间用逗号隔开），先行词指物，作宾语时用which，不能用that，且介词（此处是without）后需接which（宾格），不能用that；拓展：强调句型的常见变形：it was + 被强调部分 + that/who...（过去时），如It was yesterday that I met him.（我是昨天遇见他的。）；非限制性定语从句的例句：The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书，很有趣。）；易错点：强调句型的that不能省略；非限制性定语从句中，不能用that代替which，且without是介词，后面必须接which（不能接that），因为that不能作介词宾语。） 10. 答案：passages （知识点：名词单复数，passage（段落、历程）是可数名词，此处与moods（心情，复数）并列，且前面有decisive（决定性的）修饰，表“各种决定性的人生历程”，故用复数passages；核心思维：看到并列结构（and连接两个并列名词），前后名词形式需一致，前面moods是复数，后面passage也需用复数；拓展：passage的常见含义：① 历程、经历（可数名词），如life passages（人生历程）、important passages in one’s life（人生中的重要历程）；② 段落（可数名词），如a passage from a book（书中的一段）；复数变化：直接加s（以e结尾的可数名词，复数直接加s）；易错点：不要误写为passage（单数），忽略并列结构的一致性，moods是复数，passage也需用复数；补充：类似并列结构的单复数一致例句：We need to pay attention to our emotions and thoughts.（emotions和thoughts均为复数，保持一致）。） 11. 答案：were recorded （知识点：时态语态，主语such moments（这些时刻）与record（记录）之间是被动关系，即“这些时刻被记录在唐宋时期的诗歌中”，且时间状语during China’s Tang and Song dynasties（唐宋时期）是明确的过去时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态were recorded；核心思维：① 先判断语态：主语与动作是被动关系（主语不能主动发出动作），用被动语态；② 再判断时态：有明确过去时间状语（如during...、yesterday、last year、in 2020），用一般过去时；被动语态结构：was/were + done，主语是复数（such moments），故用were；拓展：record的常见搭配：record sth in...（把某物记录在……中），被动形式为be recorded in...；常见过去时间状语：during the Tang Dynasty、last week、three days ago等；易错点：不要遗漏被动语态的were（很多学生容易写成recorded，忽略被动），或误写为are recorded（一般现在时，与过去时间状语不符）；补充：一般过去时被动语态例句：The letter was written by my father yesterday.（这封信是我爸爸昨天写的。） 12. 答案：to say （知识点：非谓语动词-不定式，it is no exaggeration to do sth是固定句型，意为“做某事毫不夸张”，此处用不定式to say作真正主语，it是形式主语；核心思维：看到固定句型it is + 名词/形容词 + to do sth（如it is important to do sth、it is necessary to do sth），优先用不定式作真正主语，it仅作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻；拓展：类似固定句型：it is no use to do sth（做某事没用）、it is a pleasure to do sth（做某事很愉快）、it is difficult to do sth（做某事很难）；exaggeration的常见搭配：no exaggeration（毫不夸张）、an exaggeration（夸张）、avoid exaggeration（避免夸张）；易错点：不要误写为saying（动名词），固定句型中必须用不定式to do，不能用动名词；补充：固定句型的记忆技巧：记住“it is + 名词/形容词 + to do sth”的结构，遇到此类句型，直接填to + 动词原形。） 13. 答案：a；but （知识点：① 冠词，form（形式）是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种当代形式”，且contemporary的发音以辅音音素/kən/开头，故用不定冠词a；② 并列连词，neither...nor...but...是固定搭配，意为“既不是……也不是……而是……”，表转折并列，强调后者；核心思维：① 可数名词单数前无特指标志，用不定冠词a/an，结合发音判断用a；② 看到neither...nor...，结合语境表“转折”（马不是英雄或浪漫象征，而是日常中的稳定存在），优先考虑but；拓展：form的常见搭配：a contemporary form（一种当代形式）、a form of（一种……的形式）、traditional forms（传统形式）；neither...nor...的用法：连接两个并列成分（名词、形容词、动词等），谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，如Neither he nor I am good at swimming.（他和我都不擅长游泳。）；but表转折，此处强调“与前面的否定内容相反的情况”；易错点：contemporary发音以辅音音素/kən/开头，不能用an；不要误写为and（and表顺承，此处是转折关系，用but更合适）；补充：类似neither...nor...but...的例句：He is neither tall nor short, but of medium height.（他既不高也不矮，而是中等身高。） 14. 答案：offering （知识点：非谓语动词-现在分词，the drama（这部剧）与offer（提供）之间是主动关系，即“这部剧主动为观众提供一种感悟”，此处用现在分词offering作伴随状语，表“剧引发共鸣的同时，提供一种感悟”；核心思维：伴随状语，句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，用现在分词，通常放在句末，用逗号与主句隔开，表“同时发生的动作”；拓展：offer的常见搭配：offer an insight（提供一种感悟）、offer help（提供帮助）、offer advice（提供建议）；类似现在分词作伴随状语的用法：He sat there, reading a book.（他坐在那里，读着书。）、She smiled, waving her hand.（她笑着，挥着手。）；易错点：不要误写为offered（过去分词，表被动，这部剧是“主动提供感悟”，并非被提供，故用offering）；补充：现在分词作伴随状语与不定式作目的状语的区别：伴随状语表“同时发生的动作”，不定式表“目的”，如He went out to buy a book.（目的状语，去买一本书）、He went out, buying a book.（伴随状语，出去的时候买了一本书）。） 15. 答案：whose （知识点：定语从句，先行词是the peony（牡丹），指物，在从句中作定语，意为“牡丹的鲜艳颜色和优雅外形”，故用关系词whose；核心思维：定语从句中，先行词（人或物）在从句中作定语（修饰从句中的名词），用whose，相当于“the + 名词 + of which”（此处可改为the vibrant colors and elegant appearance of which）；拓展：whose的用法：可修饰人或物，修饰人时，意为“……的”（如a girl whose mother is a teacher（妈妈是老师的女孩））；修饰物时，意为“……的”（如a tree whose leaves are green（叶子是绿色的树））；常见搭配：whose + 名词 + 谓语，引导定语从句，从句结构完整；易错点：不要误写为which（which在从句中作主语或宾语，不能作定语），此处需要“……的”，修饰从句中的vibrant colors and elegant appearance，故用whose；补充：定语从句关系词的判断技巧：先找先行词，再判断先行词在从句中的成分（作主语用that/which/who，作宾语用that/which/whom，作定语用whose）。） 16. 答案：has been cultivated （知识点：时态语态，主语the peony（牡丹）与cultivate（种植）之间是被动关系，即“牡丹被广泛种植”，且时间状语up to now（到目前为止）表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成时的被动语态has been cultivated；核心思维：① 先判断语态：主语与动作是被动关系，用被动语态；② 再判断时态：有up to now、so far、in the past few years、since then等标志词，用现在完成时；现在完成时被动结构：has/have + been + done，主语是单数（the peony），故用has；拓展：cultivate的常见搭配：cultivate flowers（种花）、be cultivated widely（被广泛种植）、cultivate a habit（培养习惯）；up to now的用法：常与现在完成时连用，表“从过去到现在的持续状态”，如Up to now, we have finished half of the work.（到目前为止，我们已经完成了一半的工作。）；易错点：不要遗漏been（现在完成时被动语态必须有been），或误写为is cultivated（一般现在时，不能体现“从过去持续到现在”的含义）、has cultivated（主动语态，牡丹是“被种植”，不是主动“种植”）；补充：现在完成时被动语态例句：The building has been built for ten years.（这座大楼已经建成十年了。） 第一组 举一反三练习题（单句长难句·16题） 结合第一组知识点（词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、连词等），完成下列单句长难句填空，侧重同类考点的灵活运用，均为长难句，贴合原文语境风格，强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. Shouts of excitement spread across the square, where students from ______ (lead) middle schools in the city competed in a speech contest. 2. The activity, organized by the city’s education bureau, ______ (gather) more than 200 students from different districts. 3. ______ the previous speech contests, this year’s event requires participants to deliver speeches on traditional culture, a task testing their cultural literacy. 4. Li Hua from No.1 Middle School described the contest as a precious experience, ______ (admit) it was the first time that she had stood on such a big stage and that overcoming nervousness ______ (be) a great challenge. 5. With guidance provided by school ______ (teacher), she gradually built up confidence and won the second prize in the contest. 6. Besides the ______ (compete), the students also took part in various cultural activities, watching traditional operas, learning paper-cutting and tasting local snacks. 7. The school hopes that the speech contest will provide ______ valuable platform for students’ communication, as well as an important chance for them ______ (improve) their expression skills. 8. For many fans of the classic novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei’s success is closely related to a loyal figure: Zhuge Liang, ______ (give) to him as a strategist and companion. 9. It is this loyalty — selfless yet powerful — ______ helps Liu Bei achieve his dream, without ______ he would have failed many times. 10. Old people bore silent witness to the great changes and important ______ (passage) of the city, living through hardships and enjoying the fruits of development. 11. These touching stories ______ (record) carefully in books during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which shows the wisdom and kindness of ancient people. 12. It is no exaggeration ______ (say) that Zhuge Liang’s wisdom has influenced generations of Chinese people. 13. This traditional spirit finds ______ modern form in the popular TV series Three Kingdoms, where Zhuge Liang is neither a god nor a myth, ______ a hard-working and loyal strategist. 14. The TV series touches the hearts of modern audiences, ______ (offer) a precious insight: loyalty and wisdom are the most valuable qualities. 15. The chrysanthemum, often regarded as a symbol of perseverance, holds a special place in Chinese culture, ______ cold-resistant characteristics and elegant shapes symbolize courage and purity. 16. The chrysanthemum ______ (cultivate) widely in northern China up to now, becoming a representative flower in autumn. 第一组 举一反三答案 1. leading 2. gathers 3. Unlike 4. admitting；was 5. teachers 6. competition 7. a；to improve 8. given 9. that；which 10. passages 11. were recorded 12. to say 13. a；but 14. offering 15. whose 16. has been cultivated 第二组 语法填空（单句长难句·16题） 请根据句意及语法知识，在横线上填入适当的词（每空1词，可涉及词性转换、冠词、介词、连词、非谓语动词、时态语态等），完成下列单句长难句填空。 1. Dozens of Chinese-made humanoid robots showed off their fast-improving athleticism and autonomous navigation skills as they whizzed past human runners in a half-marathon race in Beijing on Sunday, ______ (highlight) the sector’s rapid technical advances. 2. The race’s first edition last year was crowded with incidents, and most robots were unable to finish, but this year’s contrast was ______ (notice). 3. Not only did the number of ______ (participate) increase greatly, but several robot frontrunners were much faster than professional athletes. 4. ______ last year, nearly half of the robot competitors navigated the tougher ground autonomously instead of ______ (direct) by remote control. 5. The winning robot, ______ was developed by Chinese brand Honor, finished in 50 minutes 26 seconds, breaking the human half marathon world record. 6. Du Xiaodi said the robot ______ (equip) with advanced technology, which helped it finish the race quickly. 7. He added the sector remained in the early stage but would finally reshape many ______ (industry) in the future. 8. China is seeking to become ______ global powerhouse in the humanoid robot field and has passed policies to support local firms. 9. The Nanyue King Museum is ______ large-scale archaeological site museum built on the important remains of the Nanyue Kingdom. 10. It consists of two exhibition ______ (site): the Site of the King’s Tomb and the Site of the Palace and Garden, both of which preserve valuable historical relics. 11. The Site of the King’s Tomb is the ______ (large) and best-preserved painted stone tomb of the Han Dynasty in the Lingnan region. 12. More than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics ______ (discover) from the tomb in 1983, which shocked the archaeological world at that time. 13. The Site of the Palace and Garden contains 13 cultural strata from the Qin Dynasty to the Republic of China, ______ (show) the long historical development of Guangzhou. 14. The royal garden of Nanyue, including a large stone pond and a crooked stone brook, is the earliest and best-preserved royal garden discovered in China so far, with its original layout ______ (careful) preserved. 15. The layout allows visitors ______ (appreciate) ancient design principles and feel the charm of ancient royal gardens. 16. The Nanyue King Museum, ______ (bear) more than 2,000 years of history of Lingnan culture, is an important witness to the mixed pattern of Chinese civilization. 第二组 答案及详细核心知识点（方法指导+思维引领） 1. 答案：highlighting （知识点：非谓语动词-现在分词，主语Dozens of Chinese-made humanoid robots（数十台中国产人形机器人）与highlight（凸显、强调）之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词highlighting作伴随状语，表“机器人在比赛的同时，凸显了行业的技术进步”；核心思维：伴随状语，句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，用现在分词，放在句末，用逗号与主句隔开，表“同时发生的动作或结果”；拓展：highlight的常见搭配：highlight the importance of...（强调……的重要性）、highlight technical advances（凸显技术进步）；类似用法：The sun rose, lighting up the whole city.（太阳升起，照亮了整个城市。）；易错点：不要误写为highlighted（过去分词，表被动，机器人是“主动凸显”技术进步，并非被凸显，故用highlighting）；补充：现在分词作结果状语与伴随状语的区别：结果状语表“自然而然的结果”，伴随状语表“同时发生的动作”，此处是伴随状语，表“机器人比赛的同时，凸显技术进步”。） 2. 答案：noticeable （知识点：词性转换，动词notice（注意到）转换为形容词noticeable，作表语，意为“明显的、显著的”，结合语境“今年的情况与去年形成明显对比”；核心思维：系动词（is、was、are等）后需接形容词作表语，看到系动词+______，优先考虑词性转换（动词/名词变形容词）；拓展：notice的常见词性转换：notice（动词/名词，注意）→ noticeable（形容词，明显的）→ noticeably（副词，明显地）；常见搭配：noticeable difference（明显的差异）、noticeable change（明显的变化）；易错点：不要误写为noticing（现在分词，不能作表语）或noticed（过去分词，表被动，此处无被动含义）；补充：类似系动词后接形容词的例句：The change is obvious.（变化很明显。）、She is beautiful.（她很漂亮。） 3. 答案：participants （知识点：词性转换，动词participate（参与）转换为名词participant（参与者），作介词of的宾语，且the number of（……的数量）后接可数名词复数，故用participants；核心思维：① 介词后需接名词/动名词，此处需要“参与者”的名词含义，故将动词participate转换为名词participant；② the number of后接可数名词复数，表“……的数量”；拓展：participate的完整词性转换体系：participate（动词，参与）→ participant（名词，参与者）→ participation（名词，参与）；常见搭配：the number of participants（参与者的数量）、participate in a race（参加比赛）；易错点：不要误写为participation（不可数名词，表“参与”的动作，不能用the number of修饰）或participant（单数，the number of后需接复数）；补充：the number of与a number of的区别：the number of + 复数名词，谓语动词用单数（表“数量”）；a number of + 复数名词，谓语动词用复数（表“许多”）。） 4. 答案：Unlike；being directed （知识点：① 介词，结合语境“与去年不同，今年近一半的机器人自主导航”，表示“与……不同”，用介词unlike，与第一组第3题考点一致；② 非谓语动词-动名词的被动形式，instead of是介词短语，后接动名词，且robot competitors（机器人参赛者）与direct（指导）之间是被动关系，即“被远程控制指导”，故用being directed；核心思维：① 前后两种情况（今年和去年）对比，用unlike；② 介词（短语）后接动名词，若动名词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用动名词的被动形式（being + done）；拓展：instead of的用法：介词短语，后接名词、动名词或代词，意为“代替、而不是”，如He went to school instead of staying at home.（他去学校了，而不是待在家里。）；direct的常见搭配：direct sb to do sth（指导某人做某事），被动形式为be directed by sb；易错点：① 不要误写为Unlikely（形容词）；② instead of后不能接动词原形，且此处是被动关系，不能用directing（主动），需用being directed；补充：动名词被动形式的例句：He is proud of being chosen as the leader.（他为被选为领导者而自豪。） 5. 答案：which （知识点：非限制性定语从句，先行词是the winning robot（获胜的机器人），指物，在从句中作主语，故用which；核心思维：非限制性定语从句（与主句之间用逗号隔开），先行词指物，作主语时用which，不能用that；拓展：非限制性定语从句的特点：不能用that引导，与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉从句后主句仍完整；例句：The robot, which was made in China, won the race.（那台中国制造的机器人赢得了比赛。）；易错点：不要误写为that（非限制性定语从句中不能用that）；补充：定语从句中which与that的区别：限制性定语从句中，先行词指物，作主语/宾语时，which和that可互换；非限制性定语从句中，先行词指物，只能用which。） 6. 答案：was equipped （知识点：时态语态，主语the robot（机器人）与equip（配备）之间是被动关系，即“机器人被配备先进技术”，且主句Du Xiaodi said是一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应的过去时态，故用一般过去时的被动语态was equipped；核心思维：① 宾语从句的时态：主句用过去时，宾语从句需用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）；② 被动语态：主语与动作是被动关系，用be + done；拓展：equip的常见搭配：be equipped with（被配备……），如The lab is equipped with advanced equipment.（实验室配备了先进的设备。）；宾语从句时态例句：He said he would come.（他说他会来，主句过去时，从句用过去将来时。）；易错点：不要误写为is equipped（一般现在时，与主句过去时不符）或equipped（遗漏be动词，不是被动语态）；补充：一般过去时被动语态的结构：was/were + done，主语是单数，用was。） 7. 答案：industries （知识点：名词单复数，industry（行业）是可数名词，前面有many（许多）修饰，many后接可数名词复数，故用industries；核心思维：看到many、some、several、various等修饰词，后面的可数名词必须用复数形式；拓展：industry的复数变化：以y结尾的可数名词，且y前面是辅音字母（d），变y为i加es，类似的还有city→cities、factory→factories、family→families；常见搭配：many industries（许多行业）、the manufacturing industry（制造业）；易错点：不要误写为industry（单数），或误写为industrys（复数变化错误）；补充：以y结尾的可数名词复数变化规则：y前是元音字母（a、e、i、o、u），直接加s，如boy→boys、toy→toys；y前是辅音字母，变y为i加es。） 8. 答案：a （知识点：冠词，global powerhouse（全球强国、全球巨头）是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一个全球强国”，且global的发音以辅音音素/ɡləʊbəl/开头，故用不定冠词a；核心思维：可数名词单数前无特指标志，表泛指，结合发音判断用a/an；拓展：global的常见搭配：global powerhouse（全球强国）、global economy（全球经济）、global influence（全球影响力）；powerhouse的含义：此处指“强国、巨头”，可数名词；易错点：不要误写为an（global发音以辅音音素开头，不是元音音素）；补充：类似冠词用法：a global brand（一个全球品牌）、a great opportunity（一个好机会）。） 9. 答案：a （知识点：冠词，large-scale archaeological site museum（大型考古遗址博物馆）是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一座大型考古遗址博物馆”，且large的发音以辅音音素/lɑːdʒ/开头，故用不定冠词a；核心思维：与第8题考点一致，可数名词单数表泛指，结合发音用a；拓展：large-scale的含义：“大规模的、大型的”，作定语，修饰museum；常见搭配：a large-scale museum（一座大型博物馆）、a large-scale project（一个大型项目）；易错点：不要误写为the（此处无特指，不是“某一座特定的博物馆”，而是泛指“一座”）；补充：不定冠词a的用法：用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前，表“一个、一座、一件”等。） 10. 答案：sites （知识点：名词单复数，site（遗址、地点）是可数名词，前面有two（两个）修饰，two后接可数名词复数，故用sites；核心思维：看到数词（two、three、five等）修饰可数名词，该名词必须用复数形式；拓展：site的常见含义：① 遗址（如exhibition site（展览遗址））、② 地点（如construction site（建筑工地））；复数变化：直接加s；常见搭配：two exhibition sites（两个展览遗址）、historical sites（历史遗址）；易错点：不要误写为site（单数），忽略数词two的修饰作用；补充：数词修饰可数名词的规则：数词大于1时，可数名词用复数，如three books（三本书）、five apples（五个苹果）。） 11. 答案：largest （知识点：形容词最高级，结合语境“南越王墓遗址是岭南地区汉代最大、保存最完好的彩绘石墓”，此处与best-preserved（保存最完好的）并列，用large的最高级largest，前面加定冠词the；核心思维：看到the + 形容词______ + and + 形容词最高级，可知此处也需用形容词最高级，表“最……的”；拓展：large的最高级变化：单音节词，直接加est（large→larger→largest）；常见形容词最高级变化：tall→tallest、short→shortest、fast→fastest；常见搭配：the largest tomb（最大的墓）、the best-preserved relic（保存最完好的文物）；易错点：不要误写为larger（比较级，用于两者对比），此处是“岭南地区汉代所有彩绘石墓中最大的”，三者及以上对比，用最高级；补充：形容词最高级的用法：前面通常加the，用于三者及以上对比，常与of/in短语连用，如He is the tallest in our class.（他是我们班最高的。） 12. 答案：were discovered （知识点：时态语态，主语More than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics（1000多件文物）与discover（发现）之间是被动关系，即“文物被发现”，且时间状语in 1983（1983年）是明确的过去时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态were discovered；核心思维：与第一组第11题考点一致，① 被动语态（主语不能主动发出动作）；② 一般过去时（明确过去时间状语）；拓展：discover的常见搭配：discover sth（发现某物），被动形式为be discovered；常见过去时间状语：in 1983、in 2000、last century等；易错点：不要遗漏were（被动语态必须有be动词），或误写为are discovered（一般现在时，与过去时间状语不符）；补充：复数主语的一般过去时被动语态：were + done，如The books were bought yesterday.（这些书是昨天买的。） 13. 答案：showing （知识点：非谓语动词-现在分词，主语The Site of the Palace and Garden（宫殿园林遗址）与show（展示、体现）之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词showing作伴随状语，表“遗址包含13个文化岩层，同时体现了广州悠久的历史发展”；核心思维：与第一组第14题、第二组第1题考点一致，主动关系用现在分词作伴随状语；拓展：show的常见搭配：show the development of...（体现……的发展）、show kindness（表现出善良）；类似用法：The old photo shows the past, reminding us of our childhood.（这张老照片展示了过去，让我们想起了童年。）；易错点：不要误写为shown（过去分词，表被动，遗址是“主动体现”历史发展，并非被体现，故用showing）；补充：现在分词作伴随状语，可转换为and + 谓语动词，此处可改为and shows。） 14. 答案：carefully （知识点：词性转换，形容词careful（仔细的）转换为副词carefully，作状语，修饰动词preserved（保存），意为“被仔细地保存”；核心思维：副词修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，看到动词+______，优先考虑形容词变副词，作状语；拓展：careful的常见词性转换：careful（形容词，仔细的）→ carefully（副词，仔细地）→ care（动词/名词，关心）；常见搭配：carefully preserved（被仔细保存）、carefully check（仔细检查）；易错点：不要误写为careful（形容词，不能修饰动词），或误写为carefuly（副词拼写错误，正确拼写是carefully）；补充：形容词变副词的规则：一般在词尾加ly，如quick→quickly、slow→slowly；以y结尾的形容词，变y为i加ly，如happy→happily、busy→busily。） 15. 答案：to appreciate （知识点：非谓语动词-不定式，allow sb to do sth是固定句型，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处用不定式to appreciate作宾语补足语；核心思维：看到固定句型allow sb ______ do sth，直接填to + 动词原形，不定式作宾语补足语；拓展：类似固定句型：ask sb to do sth（要求某人做某事）、tell sb to do sth（告诉某人做某事）、encourage sb to do sth（鼓励某人做某事）；appreciate的常见搭配：appreciate sth（欣赏某物）、appreciate doing sth（感激做某事）；易错点：不要误写为appreciate（动词原形，allow sb后不能接动词原形）或appreciating（动名词，固定句型中必须用不定式）；补充：allow的用法：allow sth（允许某事）、allow doing sth（允许做某事）、allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事），如The teacher allows us to use dictionaries.（老师允许我们使用字典。） 16. 答案：bearing （知识点：非谓语动词-现在分词，主语The Nanyue King Museum（南越王博物馆）与bear（承载、肩负）之间是主动关系，即“博物馆承载着岭南文化2000多年的历史”，此处用现在分词bearing作后置定语，修饰the Nanyue King Museum，相当于定语从句which bears；核心思维：现在分词作后置定语，表主动，逻辑主语是被修饰的名词，与第一组第8题（过去分词作后置定语）形成对比；拓展：bear的常见含义：① 承载、肩负（如bear history（承载历史））；② 忍受（如bear pain（忍受痛苦））；现在分词作后置定语的例句：a man carrying a bag（一个背着包的男人）、a building standing on the hill（一座矗立在山上的大楼）；易错点：不要误写为born（过去分词，born意为“出生的”，与语境不符）或bore（过去式，不能作后置定语）；补充：bear的过去式是bore，过去分词是borne（表“承载”），born（表“出生”），注意区分。） 第二组 举一反三练习题（单句长难句·16题） 结合第二组知识点（词性转换、非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、冠词、介词、形容词最高级等），完成下列单句长难句填空，侧重同类考点的灵活运用，均为长难句，贴合原文语境风格，强化方法掌握和思维运用。 1. Hundreds of Chinese-made intelligent robots showed off their excellent performance and independent operation skills as they worked in the factory, ______ (highlight) the rapid development of China’s robot industry. 2. The first test of the robot last month was full of difficulties, and most of them failed, but this month’s improvement was ______ (notice). 3. Not only did the number of ______ (participate) grow rapidly, but many robots completed the task more efficiently than human workers. 4. ______ last month, most of the robots finished the task autonomously instead of ______ (direct) by the workers. 5. The best robot, ______ was produced by a local company, completed the task in 30 minutes, setting a new record. 6. The engineer said the robot ______ (equip) with advanced sensors, which helped it avoid obstacles. 7. He added that the robot industry was still in the early stage but would reshape many ______ (industry) in the near future. 8. Our country is striving to become ______ global leader in the intelligent robot field and has introduced policies to support related enterprises. 9. The Shaolin Temple Museum is ______ large-scale cultural museum built on the site of the ancient Shaolin Temple. 10. It consists of three exhibition ______ (site): the Shaolin Temple Hall, the Martial Arts Museum and the Cultural Relic Hall, all of which protect precious cultural heritage. 11. The Shaolin Temple Hall is the ______ (large) and best-preserved hall of the Shaolin Temple, with a history of more than 1,500 years. 12. More than 500 pieces of cultural relics ______ (discover) from the hall in 1990, attracting the attention of cultural experts. 13. The Martial Arts Museum contains 10 cultural strata from the Sui Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, ______ (show) the long history of Shaolin martial arts. 14. The ancient martial arts equipment, including swords and fists, is the earliest and best-preserved in China so far, with its original appearance ______ (careful) preserved. 15. The equipment allows visitors ______ (experience) the charm of ancient Shaolin martial arts and understand its cultural connotation. 16. The Shaolin Temple Museum, ______ (bear) more than 1,500 years of history of Shaolin culture, is an important witness to the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. 第二组 举一反三答案 1. highlighting 2. noticeable 3. participants 4. Unlike；being directed 5. which 6. was equipped 7. industries 8. a 9. a 10. sites 11. largest 12. were discovered 13. showing 14. carefully 15. to experience 16. bearing 语法知识点汇总（系统详细版） 本汇总整合两组练习所有高频考点，分模块详细解析，结合例题、易错点和方法技巧，帮助学生构建完整语法知识网络，兼顾基础性和实用性，避免机械记忆，提升灵活运用能力。 一、词性转换（核心考点） 词性转换是语法填空高频考点，核心是根据句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语）判断所需词性，再进行相应转换，常见转换类型如下： 1. 动词→形容词 核心用法：动词转换为形容词，多作定语（修饰名词）或表语（跟在系动词后）。 常见转换：lead（动词，带领）→ leading（形容词，领先的）；notice（动词，注意）→ noticeable（形容词，明显的）；work（动词，工作）→ working（形容词，工作的）；run（动词，奔跑）→ running（形容词，奔跑的）。 例题：Cheers echoed across the frozen Songhua River, where students from ______ (lead) universities competed.（答案：leading，作定语修饰universities） 易错点：区分动词的现在分词（表主动/进行，可作形容词）和过去分词（表被动/完成，可作形容词），如leading（主动，领先的）≠ led（被动，被带领的）。 2. 动词→名词 核心用法：动词转换为名词，多作主语、宾语（介词后、动词后）。 常见转换：compete（动词，竞争）→ competition（名词，比赛）；participate（动词，参与）→ participant（名词，参与者）/ participation（名词，参与）；lead（动词，带领）→ leader（名词，领导者）；perform（动词，表演）→ performance（名词，表演）。 例题：Besides the ______ (compete), participants also enjoyed various cultural activities.（答案：competition，作介词besides的宾语） 易错点：注意名词的可数与不可数，如participant（可数，参与者）≠ participation（不可数，参与）；the number of后需接可数名词复数，如the number of participants（参与者的数量）。 3. 形容词→副词 核心用法：形容词转换为副词，作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。 常见转换：careful（形容词，仔细的）→ carefully（副词，仔细地）；quick（形容词，快的）→ quickly（副词，快速地）；happy（形容词，开心的）→ happily（副词，开心地）。 例题：with its original layout ______ (careful) preserved.（答案：carefully，修饰动词preserved） 易错点：拼写错误，如careful→carefully（不能误写为carefuly）；区分形容词和副词的用法，形容词不能修饰动词，副词不能作表语。 二、非谓语动词（难点考点） 非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式，核心是判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系（主动/被动）、非谓语动词在句中的作用（伴随状语、后置定语、宾语补足语、真正主语等），具体分类如下： 1. 现在分词（doing） 核心用法：逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动关系；可作伴随状语、后置定语、结果状语。 ① 伴随状语：放在句末，用逗号与主句隔开，表“同时发生的动作”，如：Edward Townsend described the race as a fantastic experience, ______ (admit) it was the first time he had tried it.（答案：admitting，Edward与admit是主动关系，表伴随）。 ② 后置定语：修饰名词，表主动，相当于定语从句which/that + 谓语动词，如：The Nanyue King Museum, ______ (bear) more than 2,000 years of history, is an important witness.（答案：bearing，博物馆与bear是主动关系，相当于which bears）。 ③ 结果状语：表“自然而然的结果”，如：Dozens of robots whizzed past human runners, ______ (highlight) the sector’s rapid advances.（答案：highlighting，表机器人比赛带来的自然结果）。 易错点：不要误写为过去分词（表被动），如highlighting≠highlighted。 2. 过去分词（done） 核心用法：逻辑主语与非谓语动词是被动关系；可作后置定语、伴随状语。 ① 后置定语：修饰名词，表被动，相当于定语从句which/that + be + done，如：the White Dragon Horse, ______ (give) to the monk Xuanzang as his companion.（答案：given，白龙马与give是被动关系，相当于which is given）。 ② 伴随状语：表被动，放在句末，用逗号与主句隔开，如：The letter, ______ (write) by my father, was sent to me yesterday.（答案：written，信与write是被动关系）。 易错点：区分过去分词与现在分词，被动关系用过去分词，主动关系用现在分词，如given（被动）≠ giving（主动）。 3. 不定式（to do） 核心用法：可作真正主语、后置定语、宾语补足语，常结合固定句型考查。 ① 真正主语：固定句型it is + 名词/形容词 + to do sth，it是形式主语，如：It is no exaggeration ______ (say) that the traces of horse footsteps run deep.（答案：to say，符合it is no exaggeration to do sth句型）。 ② 后置定语：修饰名词（如link、ability、way、chance、opportunity），表“……的（事物）”，如：an important link for universities ______ (expand) cooperation.（答案：to expand，表“促进合作的纽带”）。 ③ 宾语补足语：固定句型allow sb to do sth、ask sb to do sth、tell sb to do sth等，如：The layout allows visitors ______ (appreciate) ancient design principles.（答案：to appreciate，符合allow sb to do sth句型）。 易错点：固定句型中不能用动名词代替不定式，如it is no exaggeration to say≠it is no exaggeration saying；allow sb to do sth≠allow sb doing sth。 4. 动名词的被动形式（being done） 核心用法：介词（短语）后接动名词，且逻辑主语与动名词是被动关系，如：instead of ______ (direct) by remote control.（答案：being directed，instead of是介词短语，机器人与direct是被动关系）。 易错点：不能遗漏being，如being directed≠directed；介词后不能接动词原形，如instead of direct×。 三、时态语态（基础考点） 时态语态的核心是“先判断语态（主动/被动），再判断时态”，结合时间状语或语境确定时态，常见时态+语态组合如下： 1. 一般现在时（主动/被动） 核心用法：描述客观事实、既定活动、真理，无明确过去/将来时间状语；被动语态结构：am/is/are + done。 例题：The event, known as the “HIT-Cambridge-Oxford Cup,” ______ (bring) together 14 teams.（答案：brings，一般现在时，主动，描述赛事的既定活动）。 易错点：主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加s/es，如brings≠bring；被动语态不要遗漏be动词，如is brought≠brought。 2. 一般过去时（主动/被动） 核心用法：描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态，有明确过去时间状语（如yesterday、last year、in 1983、during the Tang and Song dynasties）；被动语态结构：was/were + done。 例题：More than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics ______ (discover) from the tomb in 1983.（答案：were discovered，一般过去时，被动，时间状语in 1983）。 易错点：复数主语用were，单数主语用was，如were discovered（复数主语）≠was discovered；不要混淆一般过去时与一般现在时，如were discovered≠are discovered。 3. 现在完成时（被动） 核心用法：描述从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，有时间状语（如up to now、so far、in the past few years、since then）；被动语态结构：has/have + been + done。 例题：The peony ______ (cultivate) widely across the country up to now.（答案：has been cultivated，现在完成时，被动，时间状语up to now）。 易错点：不要遗漏been，如has been cultivated≠has cultivated；单数主语用has，复数主语用have，如has been cultivated（单数主语）≠have been cultivated。 4. 宾语从句的时态 核心用法：主句用一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时）。 例题：Du Xiaodi said the robot ______ (equip) with advanced technology.（答案：was equipped，主句said是一般过去时，宾语从句用一般过去时被动）。 易错点：宾语从句时态与主句时态一致，如was equipped≠is equipped。 四、定语从句（难点考点） 定语从句核心是“找先行词，判断先行词在从句中的成分”，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，重点考查关系词的选择： 1. 关系词which 核心用法：先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；非限制性定语从句中，先行词指物，只能用which，不能用that。 ① 作主语：The winning robot, ______ was developed by Chinese brand Honor, finished in 50 minutes.（答案：which，先行词the winning robot指物，在从句中作主语）。 ② 作宾语：The book, ______ I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（答案：which，先行词the book指物，在从句中作宾语）。 易错点：非限制性定语从句中不能用that代替which，如which≠that。 2. 关系词that 核心用法：先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；强调句型中，无论先行词指人还是物，均用that。 ① 定语从句：The robot ______ was made in China won the race.（答案：that/which，先行词the robot指物，在从句中作主语）。 ② 强调句型：It is this horse ______ carries him every step of the way.（答案：that，强调句型it is + 被强调部分 + that...）。 易错点：强调句型的that不能省略；介词后不能用that，只能用which/whom。 3. 关系词whose 核心用法：先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语（修饰从句中的名词），相当于“the + 名词 + of which/whom”。 例题：The peony, ______ vibrant colors and elegant appearance symbolize prosperity, holds a special place.（答案：whose，先行词the peony指物，在从句中作定语，修饰vibrant colors and elegant appearance，相当于the vibrant colors and elegant appearance of which）。 易错点：不要混淆whose与which，which不能作定语，如whose≠which。 4. 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别 ① 非限制性定语从句：与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉从句后主句仍完整，不能用that引导；② 限制性定语从句：与主句之间无逗号，去掉从句后主句不完整，that/which/who均可引导。 五、冠词（基础考点） 冠词分为不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the），核心是判断“泛指”与“特指”，结合单词发音确定a/an： 1. 不定冠词a/an 核心用法：表泛指“一个、一座、一件”，用于可数名词单数前；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前（看发音，不看字母）。 例题1：Organizers hope that the friendship race will provide ______ useful platform.（答案：a，useful发音以辅音音素/juː/开头，表泛指）。 例题2：China is seeking to become ______ global powerhouse.（答案：a，global发音以辅音音素/ɡləʊbəl/开头，表泛指）。 易错点：误以为元音字母开头就用an，如useful（u开头，辅音音素）用a，不用an；an用于元音音素开头的单词，如an apple、an hour。 2. 定冠词the 核心用法：表特指“某一个、某一些”，用于双方都知道的人或物、序数词/最高级前、专有名词前等。 例题：The Site of the King’s Tomb is the ______ (large) and best-preserved painted stone tomb.（答案：largest，最高级前加the）。 易错点：泛指时不用the，如a useful platform≠the useful platform；最高级前必须加the，如the largest≠largest。 六、介词（基础考点） 重点考查表“对比”的介词unlike，结合语境判断介词用法： 核心用法：unlike（介词），表“与……不同”，后接名词/代词，可位于句首或句中，无需变形。 例题：______ traditional water dragon boating, this ice dragon boating requires athletes to use ice picks.（答案：Unlike，表“与传统水上龙舟不同”）。 易错点：区分unlike（介词，与……不同）与unlikely（形容词，不可能的），如Unlike≠Unlikely。 七、连词（基础考点） 重点考查并列连词but，结合固定搭配neither...nor...but...考查： 核心用法：neither...nor...but...，意为“既不是……也不是……而是……”，表转折并列，强调后者。 例题：the horse is neither a heroic creature nor a romantic symbol, ______ a steady presence in daily routines.（答案：but，符合neither...nor...but...搭配）。 易错点：区分but（转折）与and（顺承），此处表转折，用but，不用and。 八、名词单复数（基础考点） 核心是根据修饰词（many、two、some等）、并列结构、语境判断名词单复数，常见复数变化规则： 1. 一般情况：直接加s，如site→sites、passage→passages； 2. 以ch、sh、s、x结尾：加es，如coach→coaches、watch→watches； 3. 以y结尾：y前是辅音字母，变y为i加es，如industry→industries、city→cities；y前是元音字母，直接加s，如boy→boys、toy→toys； 例题1：With guidance provided by HIT ______ (coach).（答案：coaches，语境表“多位教练”，用复数）。 例题2：He added the sector would finally reshape many ______ (industry).（答案：industries，many修饰，用复数，符合y前辅音字母变y为i加es规则）。 易错点：忽略修饰词或语境的复数含义，如coaches≠coach；复数变化规则记错，如industries≠industrys。 九、形容词最高级（基础考点） 核心用法：用于三者及以上对比，表“最……的”，前面通常加the；单音节词直接加est，多音节词加most。 例题：The Site of the King’s Tomb is the ______ (large) and best-preserved painted stone tomb.（答案：largest，large是单音节词，最高级加est，前面加the）。 易错点：混淆最高级与比较级，如largest（最高级）≠larger（比较级）；忘记加the，如the largest≠largest。 十、高频固定句型（必记考点） 结合两组练习，汇总以下高频固定句型，需熟练掌握，直接应用于语法填空： 1. it is no exaggeration to do sth 做某事毫不夸张； 2. it was the first time that... 过去第一次做某事（that从句用过去完成时）； 3. it is the first time that... 现在第一次做某事（that从句用现在完成时）； 4. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事； 5. neither...nor...but... 既不是……也不是……而是……； 6. be equipped with 被配备……； 7. the number of + 复数名词 ……的数量（谓语动词用单数）； 8. a number of + 复数名词 许多……（谓语动词用复数）； 9. it is + 被强调部分 + that... 强调句型（强调人时可用who）。 十一、易错点汇总（避坑指南） 1. 词性转换：混淆动词变形容词的主动/被动形式（leading≠led）；形容词变副词拼写错误（carefully≠carefuly）； 2. 非谓语动词：混淆现在分词（主动）与过去分词（被动）；固定句型中用动名词代替不定式；动名词被动形式遗漏being； 3. 时态语态：被动语态遗漏be动词；现在完成时被动遗漏been；宾语从句时态与主句不一致； 4. 定语从句：非限制性定语从句用that代替which；介词后用that；混淆whose与which； 5. 冠词：元音字母开头的单词误用an（如useful用a）；最高级前遗漏the； 6. 名词单复数：复数变化规则记错（如industry→industries≠industrys）；忽略语境的复数含义； 7. 介词：混淆unlike（介词）与unlikely（形容词）。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $