Unit 5 Looking into nature 讲义+同步训练 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

2025-2026学年八年级下学期(外研版2024) Unit 5 Looking into nature词汇讲练 ◇Part 01 单元词汇清单 Unit 5 词汇默写清单 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ____________n.恐龙 ____________n.羽毛，翎 ____________ adj.羽毛；覆盖的 ____________n.蜥蜴 ____________n.琥珀 ____________ conj.是否(用于表示选择或对某事不确定) ____________ n.物种 ____________adj.不知道的，未知的 ____________adj.北部的 ____________adj.非洲的，非洲人的 ____________n.观点 ____________adv.完全地；充分地；彻底地 ____________v.解锁 ____________揭开某事的秘密 ____________ n.发现，(调查、研究等的)结果 ____________ n.报纸 ____________n.写作，著书 ____________ n.风格 ____________ n.方法，办法 ____________ adj.变得兴味盎然，生动起来 ____________n.论点，论据 ____________n.布告牌，公告牌 ____________ n.模型 ____________n.行星 ____________ adj.符合事实的，真的，真实的 ____________v.清除；清理 ____________ v.上载，上传 ____________n.鲸 ____________ adj.很热的，滚热的 ____________ n.化学物质 ____________v.起化学反应 ____________ adj.无数的，无限的 ____________ n.国，国家 ____________n.视力，视觉 ____________ pron.任何人 ____________ n.放大镜 ____________n.财富 ____________n.国家 ____________ n.奖品，奖赏 ____________ adv.几乎不 ____________ v.应在(某处) ____________属于 ____________ n.孙女；外孙女 ____________adv.轻柔地，柔和地 ◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练 1. whether conj.是否(用于表示选择或对某事不确定) 【搭配积累】 whether...or...（无论……还是……）；whether to do sth.（是否做某事）；whether + 从句 【用法示例】 I can't decide whether I should accept the invitation or not.（我无法决定是否应该接受这个邀请。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 单项选择1. I don't know ______ he will come to the party tomorrow. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 2.She asked me ______ I preferred coffee or tea. A. if B. that C. what D. where 3.______ you like it or not, you have to finish the work on time. A. If B. Whether C. Though D. Because 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 2.unknown adj.不知道的，未知的 【用法释义】指事物的情况、结果或身份等未被知晓、无法确定的。 【搭配积累】 unknown to sb.（某人不知道）；remain unknown（仍然未知） 【用法示例】 The cause of the accident is still unknown to us.（我们仍然不知道事故的原因。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1.The result of the experiment remains ______. 2.It is an ______place that few people have visited. 答案与解析1.unknown 2.unknown 3.belief n.观点 【用法释义】指个人对某事物的看法、信念或观点，通常基于个人的认知或判断。 【搭配积累】 in the belief that...（相信……）；hold a belief（持有一种观点）；one's belief on sth.（某人对某事的观点） 【用法示例】 She holds the belief that hard work can lead to success.（她认为努力工作能带来成功。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1.He has a strong ______ (belief) in the power of love. 2.Different people have different ______ (belief) about happiness. 【答案】1.belief 2.beliefs 4.fully adv.完全地；充分地；彻底地 【用法释义】表示程度上达到极限，没有剩余，或充分发挥、利用。 【搭配积累】 fully understand（完全理解）；fully use（充分利用） 【用法示例】 I fully understand your feelings at the moment.（我完全理解你此刻的心情。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 我完全同意你的看法。 I ______ agree with you. 2. 我们需要充分利用这次机会。 We need to ______ use this opportunity. 答案：fully；fully。 5.unlock v.解锁 【用法释义】指打开锁具，或解除某种限制、开启某种功能（可用于具体物品或抽象事物）。 【搭配积累】 unlock a door（开门锁）；unlock a phone（解锁手机） 【用法示例】 She used the key to unlock the front door.（她用钥匙打开了前门的锁。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1.She ______ (unlock) the box and took out the letter. 2.Please ______ (unlock) your computer before you start working. 【答案】1.unlocked 2.unlock 6.finding n.发现，(调查、研究等的)结果 【用法释义】指通过观察、调查、研究等方式得出的发现或结果，可指具体事物的发现，也可指抽象的研究结论。 【搭配积累】 a surprising finding（一个惊人的发现）；the findings of a survey（调查结果） 【用法示例】 The findings of the study show that regular exercise is good for health.（这项研究的结果表明，规律运动对健康有益。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The ______ of the experiment surprised all the scientists. A. finding B. findings C. find D. found 2.According to the ______ of the survey, most people prefer online shopping. A. findings B. finding C. result D. results 3.She made an important ______ during her trip to the rainforest. A. finding B. findings C. find D. found （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 4. The research ______ (finding) have been published in a famous magazine. 5. His ______ (finding) about the ancient ruins attracted many historians. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.A 4.findings 5.finding 7.style n.风格 【用法释义】指人或事物所具有的独特的外观、方式、特点，可用于描述服装、艺术、写作、行为等。 【搭配积累】 a style of（……的风格）；personal style（个人风格）；change one's style（改变风格） 【用法示例】 Her clothes have a simple and elegant style.（她的衣服风格简洁优雅。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 1. This dress is in a modern ______ (style). 2. Different writers have different writing ______ (style). 【答案】1.style 2.styles 8. alive adj.变得兴味盎然，生动起来 【用法释义】此处侧重指事物从枯燥、平淡变得充满活力、兴味盎然，也可指人或生物“活着的”（补充常见含义，便于理解）。 【搭配积累】 come alive（变得生动、兴味盎然）；keep alive（保持活力） 【用法示例】 The party came alive when the band started playing.（乐队开始演奏后，派对变得热闹起来。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The classroom ______ when the teacher started telling funny stories. A. came alive B. came true C. came up D. came out 2.The old town is ______ with tourists during the holiday. A. alive B. lively C. live D. living （二）根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 当灯光亮起时，整个舞台变得生动起来。 When the lights turned on, the whole stage ______. 2. 他的讲述让这段历史变得兴味盎然。 His story made this period of history ______. 【答案】1.A 2.A 1..came alive 2..alive 9. argument n.论点，论据 【用法释义】指为了支持或反对某个观点而提出的理由、论据，也可指争论、争执（补充常见含义，便于理解）。 【搭配积累】 put forward an argument（提出论点）；support an argument（支持论点）；strong argument（有力的论据） 【用法示例】 He presented a strong argument to prove his point.（他提出了有力的论据来证明自己的观点。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. He put forward a new ______ (argument) in the meeting. 2. There are many strong ______ (argument) against this plan. （二）根据汉语提示完成句子 3. 他提出了一个有力的论点来反对这个提议。 He put forward a strong ______ against this proposal. 4. 这些论据足以证明他是正确的。 These ______ are enough to prove he is right. 【答案】1.argument 2.arguments3.argument 4.arguments 10. true adj.符合事实的，真的，真实的 【用法释义】指与事实、实际情况相符，不是虚假的、编造的；也可指“真正的、真诚的”。 【搭配积累】 true story（真实的故事）；be true to（忠于……）；come true（实现） 【用法示例】 It is true that he has won the first prize.（他确实赢得了一等奖，这是真的。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. Is it ______ that you are moving to a new city? A. true B. real C. right D. correct 2.Her dream of becoming a doctor finally ______ true. A. came B. became C. turned D. got （二）根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 他说的话是真的吗？ Is what he said ______? 2. 我相信我的梦想总有一天会实现。 I believe my dream will ______ true one day. 【答案】1.A 2.A 1.true 2.come 11. clear v.清除；清理 【用法释义】指移走、清除不需要的东西，使某处变得干净、整洁；也可指“澄清、弄清楚”（补充常见含义，便于理解）。 【搭配积累】 clear the table（清理桌子）；clear up（清理、澄清）；clear away（清除、收拾） 【用法示例】 Please clear the rubbish before you leave.（离开前请把垃圾清理掉。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. He ______ (clear) the snow from the door this morning. 2. Please ______ (clear) your desk before the exam starts. （二）根据汉语提示完成句子 3. 我们需要清理花园里的落叶。 We need to ______ the fallen leaves in the garden. 4.他清理了路上的石头，确保行人安全。 He ______ the stones on the road to keep pedestrians safe. 【答案】1.cleared 2.clear3.clear 4.cleared 12. upload v. 上载，上传 【搭配积累】 upload files（上传文件）、upload data（上传数据）、upload to + 地点（上传到……）、 upload from + 地点（从……上传）【拓展】download 下载 【用法示例】 I need to upload the photos from my phone to the computer.（我需要把手机里的照片上传到电脑上。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. We need to ______ the report to the company’s server before 5 o’clock. A. download B. upload C. copy D. cut 2.She usually ______ her homework to the online platform every evening. A. uploads B. upload C. uploaded D. will upload （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. He ______ (upload) three documents to the cloud yesterday. 2.My sister is busy ______ (upload) her travel vlogs to the Internet now. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.A1. uploaded 2. uploading 13.react v. 反应；起（化学）反应 【用法释义】（化学中）两种或多种物质相互作用，产生新的物质；也可指对某事、某物做出反应（此处重点侧重“起化学反应”）。 【搭配积累】 react with + 物质（与……起化学反应）、react to + 物质/刺激（对……起反应） 【用法示例】 Iron reacts with oxygen and water to form rust.（铁与氧气和水起化学反应，形成铁锈。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. The two chemicals ______ (react) violently when they are mixed together. 2.We are doing an experiment to observe how the material ______ (react) with acid. 【答案】1. react 2. reacts 14.endless adj. 无数的，无限的 【搭配积累】 endless time（无限的时间）、endless trouble（无尽的麻烦）、endless possibilities（无数的可能性） 【用法示例】 There are endless stars in the night sky.（夜空中有无数的星星。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. The kids ran along the ______ road in the countryside. A. endless B. short C. narrow D. busy 2.She has an ______ love for her family. A. endless B. little C. few D. limited （二）根据汉语提示翻译句子 1. 我们有无数的机会去实现我们的梦想。(endless) ___________________________________________________ 2.她似乎有说不完的话（无尽的话）。(endless) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】1.A 2.A 【答案】1. We have endless chances to realize our dreams.2.She seems to have endless words to say. 15. sight n. 视力，视觉 【搭配积累】 good sight（好视力）、poor sight（视力差）、lose one’s sight（失明）、 in sight（在视线范围内）、out of sight（在视线外） 【用法示例】 Regular eye exercises can help protect your sight.（定期做眼保健操有助于保护你的视力。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. He has good ______ (sight) and can see small things clearly. 2.The old woman lost her ______ (sight) in a car accident last year. （二）根据汉语提示翻译句子 1. 长时间看书会损害你的视力。(sight) ___________________________________________________ 2.远处的山在我们的视线范围内。(sight) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】1. sight 2. sight 1. Reading for a long time will damage your sight. 2.The mountains in the distance are in our sight. 16. anybody pron. 任何人 【用法释义】任何一个人，无论谁；常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，相当于anyone。 【搭配积累】 anybody else（其他人）、anybody who...（任何……的人）、not anybody（没有人） 【用法示例】 Is there anybody in the classroom?（教室里有人吗？） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. There isn’t ______ in the park on such a cold day. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 2.Do you know ______ who can speak French? A. anybody B. something C. anything D. somebody 【答案】1.A 2.A 17. wealth n. 财富 wealthy adj. 富有的 【用法释义】大量的金钱、财产；也可指精神上的财富（如知识、友谊等），为不可数名词。 【搭配积累】 a lot of wealth（大量财富）、spend wealth（花费财富） 【用法示例】 Health is more important than wealth.（健康比财富更重要。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. ______ can’t buy happiness. A. Wealth B. Water C. Food D. Time 2.She inherited a lot of ______ from her grandfather. A. wealth B. books C. clothes D. toys 3. He devoted his life to creating ______ (wealth) for his family. 【答案】1.A 2.A 3. wealth 18. hardly adv. 几乎不 【用法释义】表示程度很低，几乎没有，几乎不；含有否定意味，常用于实义动词前、be动词/情态动词后。 【用法示例】 I hardly know him, so I can’t help you introduce him.（我几乎不认识他，所以不能帮你介绍他。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）根据汉语提示翻译句子 1. 我几乎看不清黑板上的字。(hardly) ___________________________________________________ 2.他几乎从不迟到。(hardly) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】1. I can hardly see the words on the blackboard.2.He hardly ever arrives late. 19. belong v. 应在(某处) 【用法释义】指人或事物应该在某个地方、属于某个群体或归某人所有；常用被动含义，但本身无被动语态，常用“belong to”结构。 【搭配积累】 belong to（属于；应在……）、belong in/at + 地点（应在某处）、belong with + 人/物（应与……在一起） 【用法示例】 This book belongs to the school library.（这本书应属于学校图书馆/这本书应放在学校图书馆。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （一）单项选择 1. This key ______ to the door of the classroom. A. belongs B. is belonged C. belong D. belonging 2.Where does this box ______? It’s not mine. A. belong B. belongs C. belonged D. belonging 3.These books ______ in the shelf by the window. A. belong B. are belonged C. belongs D. to belong （二）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） 1. This bag ______ (belong) to my sister. She lost it yesterday. 2.All the toys ______ (belong) in the children’s room. ◇Part 03 词汇强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 单项选择 1. Many children are interested in ______ because they are huge and mysterious animals in ancient times. A. whales B. dinosaurs C. lizards D. planets 2. The bird’s ______ is very soft and colorful, which makes it look beautiful. A. feather B. amber C. belief D. wealth 3. This small animal is ______ with white fur, just like it is wearing a white coat. A. feather-covered B. northern C. African D. unknown 4. I saw a small ______ crawling on the stone when I was walking in the park yesterday. A. dinosaur B. lizard C. whale D. planet 5. The beautiful stone in the box is ______, and it even has a small insect inside. A. amber B. feather C. model D. prize 6. I don’t know ______ he will come to the party or not this evening. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 7. This rare ______ of plant is only found in the deep forest in the south. A. style B. method C. species D. finding 8. The name of this ancient city is still ______ to us, so we need to do more research. A. unknown B. northern C. African D. alive 9. Harbin is a famous city in the ______ part of China. A. unknown B. northern C. African D. endless 10. Elephants are typical ______ animals, and they live in many countries in Africa. A. northern B. African C. unknown D. boiling 11. My ______ is that everyone should try their best to protect the environment. A. belief B. argument C. sight D. state 12. She ______ understands the meaning of this poem after the teacher explained it twice. A. hardly B. fully C. softly D. endless 13. We need to find a key to ______ the door of the old house. A. unlock B. clear C. upload D. react 14. Scientists are trying to ______ the secrets of the deep ocean these years. A. unlock B. clear C. upload D. belong 15. The latest ______ of the research shows that this kind of plant can cure some small illnesses. A. writing B. finding C. style D. method 16. My father reads a ______ every morning to know the news around the world. A. newspaper B. board C. model D. magnifier 17. Her ______ is very good, and she has published many famous novels. A. finding B. writing C. sight D. wealth 18. This writer’s ______ of writing is very special, and we can recognize it at once. A. style B. method C. species D. belief 19. Do you have a better ______ to solve this math problem? A. style B. method C. species D. finding 20. The story he told ______ when he added some funny details to it. A. came alive B. came true C. belonged to D. reacted to 21. His ______ is very strong, and no one can refute it in the debate. A. argument B. belief C. finding D. sight 22. Please put your homework on the ______ at the back of the classroom. A. planet B. board C. model D. prize 23. My brother made a ______ of a plane with paper, and it can fly very far. A. model B. planet C. board D. chemical 24. Mars is a ______ in the solar system, and it is called the Red Planet. A. model B. board C. planet D. whale 25. I believe his words are ______, because he never tells lies to anyone. A. true B. alive C. boiling D. endless 26. Please ______ the rubbish on the desk, and keep the desk clean. A. unlock B. clear C. upload D. belong 27. You need to ______ your homework to the teacher’s computer before 8 o’clock. A. unlock B. clear C. upload D. react 28. The blue ______ is the biggest animal in the ocean, and it is very gentle. A. whale B. lizard C. dinosaur D. planet 29. Be careful! The water in the pot is ______, and it will burn you if you touch it. A. alive B. boiling C. northern D. unknown 30. This kind of ______ is very dangerous, so we can’t touch it with our bare hands. A. chemical B. planet C. model D. sight 31. Some kinds of metal ______ with water, so we need to keep them dry. A. unlock B. clear C. upload D. react 32. There are ______ stars in the sky at night, and we can’t count them at all. A. endless B. boiling C. northern D. African 33. China is a great ______ with a long history and rich culture. A. state B. country C. sight D. wealth 34. His ______ is not very good, so he always wears glasses when he reads. A. sight B. wealth C. belief D. argument 35. ______ can answer this easy question, because it is taught in Grade 7. A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Everybody 36. You can use a ______ to see the small words on the old book clearly. A. model B. magnifier C. board D. chemical 37. Health is more important than ______, because money can’t buy a healthy body. A. wealth B. sight C. prize D. state 38. The United States is a ______ in North America, and it is a developed country. A. state B. country C. sight D. belief 39. She won the first ______ in the English speaking competition last week. A. prize B. wealth C. sight D. finding 40. He ______ goes out at night, because he is afraid of the dark. A. fully B. softly C. hardly D. endless 【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.A 21.A 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.A 31.D 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.A 39.A 40.C Unit 4 Helping out语法讲练 ◇Part 01 语法知识清单 一、情态动词must的用法 must是初中英语中最基础且常用的情态动词之一， 其核心用法是：后接动词原形（即must + 动词原形），且无人称和数的变化。 结合八年级英语常考场景，must主要有以下3种核心用法，每种用法均搭配简单例句帮助理解： 1. 表示“必须、一定”，主要用来强调说话人的主观意志、明确的义务或强硬的命令，语气坚定，多用于规则、要求、责任等场景。其否定形式为mustn’t，意为“禁止、不许”，语气同样强烈，用来禁止做某事。例如：You must finish your homework on time.（你必须按时完成作业。） You mustn’t run in the hallways.（你不许在走廊里奔跑。） 2. 表示“肯定推测”，仅用于肯定句中，指说话人根据已知的事实或线索，对现在的情况做出有把握的判断，意为“一定、肯定”。需要特别注意的是，must的否定形式mustn’t不能用于否定推测，表达“不可能”的否定推测时，要使用can’t。例如： The door is locked. He must be in the room.（门锁着，他一定在房间里。） He can’t be late—he is always on time.（他不可能迟到，他总是很准时。） 3. 用于疑问句中，表“必须、非要”，语气较强烈，通常用来询问对方是否有必要做某事。回答这类疑问句时，肯定回答要用must，表“必须如此”；否定回答不能用mustn’t（否则会表示“禁止”），而要用needn’t或don’t have to，均表示“不必”，语气更委婉。例如： —Must I hand in my paper now?（我必须现在交卷吗？） —Yes, you must.（是的，你必须交。）/ No, you needn’t.（不，你不必。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 1. 单项选择 ① —______ I finish my homework before 8 o’clock? —Yes, you ______. It’s a rule. A. Can; can B. Must; must C. May; may D. Must; needn’t ② You ______ play with fire. It’s very dangerous. A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. may not ③ The light is on. He ______ be at home now. A. can’t B. must C. may D. can 答案① B ② C ③ B 二、情态动词can的用法 can是八年级英语中高频考查的情态动词， 其核心语法规则是：后接动词原形（即can + 动词原形），且无人称和数的变化。 它的过去式是could，could除了表示can的过去时态，还可用于现在时中，语气比can更委婉。 结合八年级英语常考题型和日常运用场景，can的主要用法可分为以下4类： 1. 表示“能、会”，主要用来描述某人具备的某种能力、技能，或者某物具备的某种功能，是can最基础、最常用的用法。例如： She can sing very well.（她能唱得很好。）—— 描述人的唱歌能力 The radio can receive many channels.（这台收音机能接收很多频道。）—— 描述物品的功能。 需要注意：表示“过去具备的能力”时，要用can的过去式could，如： I could ride a bike when I was six.（我六岁的时候就会骑自行车了。） 2. 表示“可以”，用于允许某人做某事，语气比may更口语化、更随意，适合日常对话场景。其否定形式是can’t，意为“不能、不可以”，用来拒绝某人的请求或禁止做某事。例如： You can use my pen if you need it.（如果你需要，你可以用我的笔。） You can’t eat in the classroom.（你不可以在教室里吃东西。）—— 此处用于课堂规则，语气直接且明确。 3. 表示“可能”，用于对现在的情况进行推测，但这种用法有明确的语境限制：仅能用于否定句和疑问句中，肯定句中表推测时，通常用may或could，不用can（这是八年级常考易错点，需重点记忆）。例如： Can he be at home?（他可能在家吗？）—— 疑问句表推测 He can’t be late. He left early.（他不可能迟到，他出发得很早。）—— 否定句表推测 He may be at home.（他可能在家。）（不可说“He can be at home.”） 4. 用于请求许可，常用句式为“Can I...?”（我可以……吗？），语气委婉、礼貌，适合向他人提出请求。回答这类请求时，肯定回答常用“Yes, you can.”“Sure.”“Of course.”，语气友好；否定回答常用“No, you can’t.”“Sorry, you can’t.”，语气委婉且明确，若想更礼貌，还可补充原因，如： Sorry, you can’t borrow my book. I need it now.（抱歉，你不能借我的书，我现在需要用它。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 1. 单项选择 ① —______ you swim? —Yes, I can. It’s easy for me. A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need ② —Can I borrow your pen? —______, here you are. A. Sorry B. No, you can’t C. Sure D. I’m afraid not ③ He ______ be in the library. I saw him go to the playground just now. A. can B. must C. can’t D. may 2. 根据汉语提示完成句子 ① 我会说英语和一点点汉语。 I ______ speak English and a little Chinese. ② 他不能参加会议，因为他生病了。 He ______ attend the meeting because he is ill. 答案① B ② C ③ C 3、 情态动词may的用法 may是八年级英语中重点考查的情态动词之一， 其核心语法规则：后接动词原形（即may + 动词原形），且无人称和数的变化。 它的过去式是might，might不仅可以表示may的过去时态，还能用于现在时的语境中，语气比may更委婉、更不确定，适合表达委婉的请求或推测。 结合八年级英语常考场景、易错点，may的主要用法可分为以下3类： 1. 表示“可以”，主要用于向他人请求许可，语气比can更正式、更委婉，适合在不太熟悉的人之间，或需要体现礼貌的场景中使用。最常用的句式是“May I...?”（我可以……吗？），用于提出具体的请求。回答这类请求时，肯定回答有多种表达，语气由正式到随意依次为“Yes, you may.”“Sure.”“Of course.”，日常对话中更常用Sure和Of course，显得更亲切；否定回答需注意语气委婉，避免生硬，常用“No, you may not.”“I’m afraid not.”，若想更礼貌，还可补充拒绝的原因，让对方更容易接受。例如： —May I use your eraser?（我可以用一下你的橡皮吗？） —Of course, here you are.（当然可以，给你。） —May I go out for a walk?（我可以出去散步吗？） —I’m afraid not. You have to finish your homework first.（恐怕不行，你得先完成作业。） 易错提醒：may表示请求许可时，否定回答不能用can’t（can’t语气较直接），优先用I’m afraid not，更符合may的委婉语气。 2. 表示“可能”，用于对现在的情况进行推测，语气比较不确定，意为“也许、可能、大概”，通常是说话人根据自己的判断，提出一种可能性，没有十足的把握。这种用法可用于肯定句和否定句中，否定形式为may not，意为“可能不”，语气不确定，注意不可与can’t混淆（can’t表示“不可能”，语气非常肯定）。例如： It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。）—— 不确定的推测，只是一种可能性 She may not come to the party tonight.（她今晚可能不来参加派对了。）—— 不确定她是否会来，不是肯定她不来。 对比辨析 He can’t be at school.（他不可能在学校。）—— 语气肯定，有明确依据 He may not be at school.（他可能不在学校。）—— 语气不确定，只是一种猜测。 ▲may不可用于疑问句中表示推测，这是八年级英语的常考易错点，一定要牢记。如果想在疑问句中表达“……可能吗？”的推测含义，必须用can，而不能用may。例如：正例：Can he be in the park?（他可能在公园吗？） may用于疑问句时，只能表示“请求许可”（如May I...?），不能表示推测，这是与can、must的重要区别之一。 巩｜固｜练｜习 1. 单项选择 ① —______ I use your dictionary? —Of course, you can. A. Must B. Can C. May D. Should ② It ______ rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. A. must B. can C. may D. can’t ③ —Where is Lucy? —She ______ be in the classroom. I’m not sure. A. must B. may C. can’t D. should 答案：① C ② C ③ B ◇Part 02 核心考点讲练 核心考点1：表“能力”的用法（can为核心） can 表示“能、会”，侧重指人后天学会的技能或先天具备的能力，是中考中表能力的高频考点。中考常结合具体生活、学习语境考查其肯定式（can）和否定式（can’t，表“不能、不会”），偶尔会结合一般过去时（could，表过去的能力）考查。需要注意的是，must 和 may 不用于表达“能力”，不能混淆使用。 核心考点2：表“推测”的用法（三者辨析） must、can、may 均可表示对事情的推测，但语气强度和用法场景有明显区别，这是中考完形填空、单项选择的核心考点。其中，must 语气最强，仅用于肯定句，表“一定、肯定”，通常基于明确的证据或逻辑做出有把握的推测；may 语气较弱，可用于肯定句和否定句，表“可能、也许”，推测的不确定性较强，否定式 may not 表“可能不”，语气委婉；can 表推测时特殊，仅用于否定句和疑问句，否定式 can’t 表“不可能”，语气坚决，疑问句中用 can 表“可能吗”，比如“Can he be late?”（他可能会迟到吗？）。 核心考点3：表“请求/允许”的用法 can 和 may 均可用于表达“请求允许”，是中考情景对话的高频考点，二者语气有差异：may 更礼貌、正式，常用于对长辈、老师或陌生人的请求；can 更口语化、随意，适用于同学、朋友、家人之间。二者的肯定回答均可使用“Sure/Certainly/Yes, you can/may”；否定回答需注意语气，委婉否定用“Sorry, you can’t”，明确禁止用“You mustn’t”。此外，must 表“必须”，用于提出强制要求或义务，比如“你必须按时完成作业”（You must finish your homework on time），其否定式 mustn’t 表“禁止、不允许”，语气强烈，比如“You mustn’t run in the hallways”（禁止在走廊奔跑）。 1.— My sister ______ play the piano very well. She won first prize in the competition. — Wow, that’s amazing! A. must B. can C. may D. need 2.— Where is Lucy? I can’t find her. — She ______ be in the library. She often reads books there after school. A. must B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t 3.— ______ I use your dictionary? I forgot to bring mine. — Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Can C. Need D. Should 【答案】BAB ◇Part 03 语法强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 一、单项选择 1．—________ you tell me what a guide usually does? I want to be one in the future. —Sure! A guide shows tourists around places and introduces the culture. A．Can B．Must C．Should D．Need 2．When she was young, she ________ play the piano, but now she can play it very well. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．can D．could 3．—Can I listen to music while doing homework? —No, you ________. It will make you distracted (分心的). A．can B．can’t C．must D．have to 4．—What volunteer work do you want to do? —I want to help the disabled children, because I ________ talk to them patiently and I have learned how to communicate with them. A．can’t B．can C．must D．needn’t 5．—Can he look after the sick kids who can’t walk well? —No, he ________, but he ________ help them with their lessons and cheer them up. A．can’t; can B．can; can’t C．mustn’t; can D．needn’t; can’t 6．The volleyball ________ belong to Tom. He does not like sports at all. A．must B．could C．can’t D．mustn’t 7．—Can you play the piano? —No, I ________. But I ________ play the violin. A．can; can B．can’t; can’t C．can; can’t D．can’t; can 8．You ________ listen to loud music when you relax. It’s bad for your ears. A．can’t B．can C．must D．have to 9．My aunt ________ be at home now, for she left for France yesterday. She won’t be back ________ next month. A．can’t; until B．maybe; before C．may not; after D．mustn’t; until 10．The little girl can ________ the piano very well. A．play B．plays C．playing D．to play 11．—Who’s the girl over there? Is she your elder sister? —No, it ________ be her. She ________ Beijing for a school trip. A．mustn’t ; has gone B．couldn’t ; has been to C．needn’t ; has been in D．can’t ; has gone to 12．She ________ play the piano very well. She practices it every day. A．can B．must C．should D．would 13．To stay healthy, you ________ eat more vegetables. A．should B．can C．could D．all of the above 14．—________ I eat too much junk food? —No, you ________. It’s bad for your health. A．Can; can’t B．Should; should C．Must; mustn’t D．Need; needn’t 15．If you want to be healthier, you ________ eat more vegetables and less meat. A．should B．can C．could D．all of the above 16．—________ I use your dictionary? Mine is left at home. —Sure, here you are. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Need 17．From the title “A Smart Shopper”, we can predict the text ________ how to spend money wisely. A．must be about B．may be about C．can’t be about D．should be about 18．—________ I use your phone to call the police? I see an old man fall down on the street. —Of course. Here you are. A．Need B．Must C．May D．Should 19．— Who’s that girl? Is she your sister? — She ________ be my sister, but I’m not sure. A．must B．can C．may D．should 20．— ________ I come in, Mr. Wang? — Yes, please. A．Must B．May C．Should D．Need 参考答案 1-20ABBBA CDAAA DADAA CBCCB $