Unit 5词汇讲义 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

八年级英语下册Unit5词汇讲义 一、单词分类（Word Classification） 1. 名词（Nouns） 单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配 dinosaur 恐龙 ______ dinosaur fossil / dinosaur bones feather 羽毛 ______ bird feathers / feather pillow lizard 蜥蜴 ______ small lizard / pet lizard amber 琥珀 ______ piece of amber / amber necklace species 物种 ______ endangered species / new species belief 观点；信念 ______ religious belief / strong belief finding 发现；结果 ______ research findings / scientific finding newspaper 报纸 ______ read a newspaper / newspaper article writing 写作；著作 ______ creative writing / writing style style 风格 ______ writing style / life style method 方法 ______ teaching method / effective method text 文字材料 ______ read the text / text message argument 论点；论据 ______ strong argument / have an argument board 布告牌 ______ bulletin board / notice board model 模型 ______ model plane / role model planet 行星 ______ planet Earth / solar system planets whale 鲸 ______ blue whale / whale watching chemical 化学物质 ______ chemical reaction / harmful chemicals country 国家 ______ home country / foreign country sight 视力；视觉 ______ lose one's sight / sight loss magnifier 放大镜 ______ use a magnifier / magnifier glass wealth 财富 ______ great wealth / wealth of knowledge prize 奖品 ______ win a prize / Nobel Prize granddaughter 孙女；外孙女 ______ my granddaughter 2. 动词（Verbs） 单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配 unlock 解锁 ______ ______ ______ unlock the door / unlock the secret react 起化学反应 ______ ______ ______ react with / react to clear 清除；清理 ______ ______ ______ clear the table / clear the screen upload 上载；上传 ______ ______ ______ upload photos / upload a file belong 应在（某处） ______ ______ ______ belong to 3. 形容词（Adjectives） 单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词 feather-covered 羽毛覆盖的 —— —— featherless unknown 未知的 ______ —— known northern 北部的 —— —— southern African 非洲的 —— —— non-African alive 生动起来的 —— —— dead true 真实的 ______ ______ false boiling 滚热的 ______ —— freezing endless 无数的 ______ —— limited 4. 副词（Adverbs） 单词 中文 比较级 最高级 fully 完全地 ______ ______ hardly 几乎不 —— —— softly 轻柔地 ______ ______ 5. 代词（Pronouns） 单词 中文 用法 whether ______ 引导宾语从句 anybody ______ anybody else / anybody can do it 6. 短语（写出中文） 短语 中文 unlock the secrets of sth ______ belong to ______ react with ______ clear the board ______ 二、重点单词用法与固定搭配（填空） 1. whether – conj. 是否 - 用法：引导宾语从句，可与 or 连用 - 例句：I don't know whether he will come. 2. species – n. 物种（单复数同形） - 例句：This species is endangered. 3. unknown – adj. 未知的 - 搭配：unknown to sb.（______） - 例句：The cause of the disease is unknown. 4. belief – n. 观点；信念 - 搭配：in the belief that（______） - 例句：He did it in the belief that it was right. 5. fully – adv. 完全地 - 例句：I fully understand your situation. 6. alive – adj. 生动起来的；活着的 - 注意：alive 是表语形容词，不能放在名词前 - 例句：The story came alive. 7. hardly – adv. 几乎不（含否定意义） - 例句：I can hardly believe it. 8. belong to – ______ - 注意：不用于进行时，无被动语态 - 例句：This book belongs to me. 9. unlock the secrets of – ______ - 例句：Scientists are trying to unlock the secrets of the universe. 10. react with – ______ - 例句：Hydrogen reacts with oxygen. 11. clear – v. 清除；清理 - 搭配：clear away（收拾）；clear up（整理；放晴） - 例句：Please clear the table after dinner. 三、配套练习 练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词 1. The museum has a dinosaur s__________ with many fossils. 2. Birds have f__________ to help them fly. 3. This piece of a__________ contains an ancient insect. 4. There are many endangered s__________ in the world. 5. The cause of the disease remains u__________. 6. She has a strong b__________ in the power of kindness. 7. I can h__________ believe what I just saw. 8. This book b__________ to my sister. 9. The teacher asked us to c__________ the board after class. 10. Scientists want to u__________ the secrets of nature. 练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The __________ (discover) of amber fossils changed our understanding of dinosaurs. 2. There are many __________ (know) species waiting to be found. 3. The __________ (northern) part of China is colder in winter. 4. She has a __________ (believe) that everything will be fine. 5. The story came __________ (live) when the actor started speaking. 6. He spoke so __________ (soft) that I could hardly hear him. 7. This is __________ (true) a wonderful place. 8. The chemical __________ (react) with water to produce heat. 9. After __________ (upload) the photos, she shared them with friends. 10. The __________ (end) desert stretched as far as the eye could see. 练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式） | unlock the secrets of | belong to | react with | clear the board | in the belief that | | whether...or not | hardly ever | come alive | unknown to | fully understand | 1. Scientists are trying to __________ nature. 2. This painting __________ a famous artist. 3. Sodium __________ water violently. 4. Please __________ before the next class starts. 5. He did it __________ it was the right thing to do. 6. I don't know __________ he will come __________. 7. She __________ goes out after dark. 8. The story __________ when the hero appeared. 9. The truth was __________ me until yesterday. 10. I __________ the importance of this discovery. 练习四：单项选择 1. I don't know ______ he will come to the party. A. weather B. whether C. if D. that 2. This is a new ______ of plant. A. species B. kind C. type D. all of the above 3. The reason for his absence is ______ to me. A. know B. known C. unknown D. knowing 4. She has a strong ______ that hard work pays off. A. believe B. belief C. believing D. believed 5. I can ______ believe my eyes. A. hard B. hardly C. hardy D. harder 6. This dictionary ______ the library. A. belongs B. belongs to C. is belonging D. is belonged to 7. The story ______ when the music started. A. came alive B. came living C. came life D. came live 8. Please ______ the table after dinner. A. clear B. clean C. wash D. remove 9. Hydrogen ______ with oxygen to form water. A. reacts B. acts C. responds D. answers 10. She spoke so ______ that I couldn't hear her. A. softly B. soft C. more softly D. most softly 练习五：翻译句子 1. 我不知道他是否会来。 ________________________________ 2. 这是一个濒危物种。 ________________________________ 3. 事故的原因仍然未知。 ________________________________ 4. 我坚信诚实很重要。 ________________________________ 5. 我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 ________________________________ 6. 这本书属于我姐姐。 ________________________________ 7. 当灯光亮起时，舞台变得生动起来。 ________________________________ 8. 请清理黑板上的字迹。 ________________________________ 9. 金属与水会发生反应。 ________________________________ 10. 科学家们试图揭开宇宙的秘密。 ________________________________ 【教师版】（含答案） 一、单词分类（Word Classification） 1. 名词（Nouns） 单词 中文 复数形式 常见搭配 dinosaur 恐龙 dinosaurs dinosaur fossil / dinosaur bones feather 羽毛 feathers bird feathers / feather pillow lizard 蜥蜴 lizards small lizard / pet lizard amber 琥珀 ambers piece of amber / amber necklace species 物种 species endangered species / new species belief 观点；信念 beliefs religious belief / strong belief finding 发现；结果 findings research findings / scientific finding newspaper 报纸 newspapers read a newspaper / newspaper article writing 写作；著作 writings creative writing / writing style style 风格 styles writing style / life style method 方法 methods teaching method / effective method text 文字材料 texts read the text / text message argument 论点；论据 arguments strong argument / have an argument board 布告牌 boards bulletin board / notice board model 模型 models model plane / role model planet 行星 planets planet Earth / solar system planets whale 鲸 whales blue whale / whale watching chemical 化学物质 chemicals chemical reaction / harmful chemicals country 国家 countries home country / foreign country sight 视力；视觉 —— lose one's sight / sight loss magnifier 放大镜 magnifiers use a magnifier / magnifier glass wealth 财富 —— great wealth / wealth of knowledge prize 奖品 prizes win a prize / Nobel Prize granddaughter 孙女；外孙女 granddaughters my granddaughter 2. 动词（Verbs） 单词 中文 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 固定搭配 unlock 解锁 unlocked unlocked unlocking unlock the door / unlock the secret react 起化学反应 reacted reacted reacting react with / react to clear 清除；清理 cleared cleared clearing clear the table / clear the screen upload 上载；上传 uploaded uploaded uploading upload photos / upload a file belong 应在（某处） belonged belonged belonging belong to 3. 形容词（Adjectives） 单词 中文 副词形式 比较级 反义词 feather-covered 羽毛覆盖的 —— —— featherless unknown 未知的 unknownly —— known northern 北部的 —— —— southern African 非洲的 —— —— non-African alive 生动起来的 —— —— dead true 真实的 truly truer false boiling 滚热的 boilingly —— freezing endless 无数的 endlessly —— limited 4. 副词（Adverbs） 单词 中文 比较级 最高级 fully 完全地 more fully most fully hardly 几乎不 —— —— softly 轻柔地 more softly most softly 5. 代词（Pronouns） 单词 中文 用法 whether 是否 引导宾语从句 anybody 任何人 anybody else / anybody can do it 6. 短语（Phrases） 短语 中文 例句 unlock the secrets of sth 揭开某事的秘密 Scientists try to unlock the secrets of nature. belong to 属于 This book belongs to me. react with 与……起反应 Sodium reacts with water. clear the board 清理公告牌 Please clear the board after class. 二、重点单词用法与固定搭配 1. whether – conj. 是否 - 用法：引导宾语从句，可与 or 连用 - 例句：I don't know whether he will come. 2. species – n. 物种（单复数同形） - 例句：This species is endangered. 3. unknown – adj. 未知的 - 搭配：unknown to sb.（不为某人所知） - 例句：The cause of the disease is unknown. 4. belief – n. 观点；信念 - 搭配：in the belief that（相信……） - 例句：He did it in the belief that it was right. 5. fully – adv. 完全地 - 例句：I fully understand your situation. 6. alive – adj. 生动起来的；活着的 - 注意：alive 是表语形容词，不能放在名词前 - 例句：The story came alive. 7. hardly – adv. 几乎不（含否定意义） - 例句：I can hardly believe it. 8. belong to – 属于 - 注意：不用于进行时，无被动语态 - 例句：This book belongs to me. 9. unlock the secrets of – 揭开……的秘密 - 例句：Scientists are trying to unlock the secrets of the universe. 10. react with – 与……起反应 - 例句：Hydrogen reacts with oxygen. 11. clear – v. 清除；清理 - 搭配：clear away（收拾）；clear up（整理；放晴） - 例句：Please clear the table after dinner. 三、配套练习 练习一：根据句意及首字母提示写出单词 答案：1. section 2. feathers 3. amber 4. species 5. unknown 6. belief 7. hardly 8. belongs 9. clear 10. unlock 练习二：用所给单词的适当形式填空 答案：1. discovery 2. unknown 3. northern 4. belief 5. alive 6. softly 7. truly 8. reacts 9. uploading 10. endless 练习三：用方框中的短语填空（注意适当形式） 答案：1. unlock the secrets of 2. belongs to 3. reacts with 4. clear the board 5. in the belief that 6. whether, or not 7. hardly ever 8. came alive 9. unknown to 10. fully understand 练习四：单项选择 答案：1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A 练习五：翻译句子 答案： 1. I don't know whether he will come. 2. This is an endangered species. 3. The cause of the accident is still unknown. 4. I have a strong belief that honesty is important. 5. I can hardly believe my eyes. 6. This book belongs to my sister. 7. The stage came alive when the lights came on. 8. Please clear the words on the board. 9. Metals react with water. 10. Scientists are trying to unlock the secrets of the universe. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $