Unit 5 Section B 课堂基础知识训练 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 初中英语Unit 5新授课同步练，以“基础巩固—能力提升—综合拓展”分层设计，通过词汇语法到语篇应用的递进路径，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础巩固层（第一课时）|核心词汇变形（如bad→worst）、基础语法（refuse to do）|单句填空聚焦词形转换，阅读理解围绕个人经历，低难度适配新知夯实| |能力提升层（第二课时）|语法综合应用（如avoid doing）、语篇分析（如wildfire影响）|增加语法填空，阅读选材贴近自然灾难主题，培养信息提取能力| |综合拓展层（阅读提升循环练二）|完形填空、短文还原、阅读表达等综合题型|融合多模态语篇（如台风形成说明），通过逻辑推理与信息整合提升思维品质|

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 课堂基础知识训练 Section B What can we do to prepare for the worst? 第一课时(1a—1e) 一、阅读下面句子,在空白处填入一个适当的词或者括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The teacher tells us that we should hope for the best and prepare for the _ (bad). 2. He refuses _ (join) the music club because he doesn't like music. 3. After trying many times, he _ (final) won first prize in the science competition. 4. _ (thankful), I caught the school bus this morning, so I wasn't late. 5. His grandfather's _ (die) made the whole family very sad. 6. There are many _ (different) between the two plans, so we need to choose carefully. 7. My father goes to work between seven _ eight in the morning. 8. She has some interesting _ (think) about the future. 9. Your homework is very good except _ a few spelling mistakes. 10. The people are the true _ (hero), for it is they who create history. 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My name is George. When I was in middle school, I experienced a strong earthquake. When I was listening to the teacher carefully, suddenly I felt the ground shaking and everything started moving. Everyone in the classroom was shouting and crying. I was scared and even thought of the end of the world. When the shaking stopped, the teacher quickly took us out of the classroom to the playground. We saw that the whole school was in a mess. Teachers tried to find all the students and make sure everyone was safe. As we stood on the playground, we could still feel the aftershocks (余震). After making sure it was safe, teachers called our parents to take us home. My house suffered some damage (损坏). The bookcases fell onto the floor and some things were broken. But it was lucky that we were all safe. In the following days, we learned that the earthquake caused a lot of damage to the city. Many buildings collapsed and lots of people lost their homes and family. I was sad to hear that. Looking back on this experience, I know how important it is to be prepared for natural disasters. We never know when they will happen, but we can find ways to protect ourselves and our family. ( )1. Where was George when the ground started shaking? A. At home. B. On the playground. C. In the classroom. D. In the bookstore. ( )2. What's the meaning of the word “collapsed” in Paragraph 4? A. To fall down or fall in suddenly. B. To sit or lie down and relax. C. To fail suddenly or completely. D. To fall down because of an illness. ( )3. What is the right order of the following sentences according to the passage? ①George saw damage to his house. ②George's classmates were shouting and crying. ③George was listening to the teacher carefully. ④Teachers took students to the playground. A. ②④③① B. ②④①③ C. ③②④① D. ③④②① ( )4. How did George's feelings change according to the passage? A. Scared sad lucky. B. Happy lucky scared. C. Scared lucky sad. D. Happy scared lucky. ( )5. What did George learn from the event? A. The reason why earthquakes happen. B. The best time to run away from danger. C. The place to stay when one is in danger. D. The importance of preparing for natural disasters. 第二课时 Vocabulary in Use(2a—3d) 一、阅读下面句子,在空白处填入一个适当的词或者括号内单词的正确形式。 1. To learn English well, we should listen to the teacher _ (careful) in class. 2. The woman did everything she could to avoid _ (see) the ugly man. 3. Kunming, a _ (southwest) city in China, is famous for its fine weather. 4. Many _ (volunteer) will help during the 23rd FIFA World Cup. 5. It's _ (terrible) important for everyone to get into a good living habit. 6. Every student needs _ alarm to help them to use time wisely and build good habits. 7. The earthquake happened all of _ sudden, but luckily nobody got hurt. 8. She was completely out _ breath and couldn't speak for a minute. 9. I was so _ (lucky) that I lost my mobile phone yesterday. 10. I hate _ (rain) days. It's wet everywhere, and I will have to take my umbrella. 二、阅读理解,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In early January 2025, a huge fire broke out in Los Angeles, California. The strong Santa Ana wind made the fire spread very quickly. The fire hurt not only people's houses but also the environment around them. A lot of forests and grasslands were burned. Many trees turned black, and the green grass was gone. All those plants were important for animals. Without them, animals lost their homes and food. Squirrels (松鼠) that lived in tree holes had to run away. Deer that ate the grass had nothing to eat. Some small animals like mice and rabbits died in the fire. The soil also got into big trouble. Plants usually help keep the soil in place. But after the fire, there were no plants. When it rained, the rain washed the soil away. In some hilly places, mudslides (泥石流) happened. They washed away roads and even pulled down some houses. The air became dirty, too. The fire sent a lot of smoke and bad things into the air. People in the areas near the fire had to wear masks. If someone had trouble breathing, they were in even more danger. All in all, the 2025 Los Angeles wildfire was a big blow for nature. It will take a very long time for everything to get back to normal. People need to think about how to prevent this kind of fire in the future. ( )1. What made the wildfire in Los Angeles spread quickly in 2025? A. Rain. B. Wind. C. Earthquakes. D. Snowstorms. ( )2. What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. Squirrels could find new homes easily after the fire. B. Deer started to eat other plants instead of grass. C. The fire caused a serious loss to animals and plants. D. Mice and rabbits became stronger after the fire. ( )3. Why did mudslides happen in hilly places after the fire? A. Because there were too many houses on the hills. B. Because the rain was much heavier than before. C. Because plants that helped keep the soil in place were burned. D. Because people dug the soil on the hills. ( )4. Why did people near the fire have to wear masks? A. To protect themselves from wild animals. B. Because the air was dirty with smoke. C. To keep warm in cold weather. D. To avoid getting sunburned. ( )5. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Wildfire in Los Angeles B. The Firefighters C. How to Prevent Wildfire in the Future D. The Changes of Los Angeles 三、语法填空,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was a rainy morning when people in the coastal town went about their daily lives. Some were walking to school, others were preparing for work, and a teacher 1. _ (review) lesson plans in her small classroom when the ground began to shake. 2. _ (sudden), a loud roar (巨响) shook the air—a huge tsunami was racing toward the shore (海岸). Within minutes, the massive waves swept through streets, destroying houses and sweeping away cars. People screamed and ran for 3. _ (high) ground, their faces filled with fear. 4. _ the time most residents reached safety, many homes lay in ruins (夷为平地), and some were trapped under debris (废墟). Since the disaster hit, rescue teams from nearby cities have rushed to help. 5. _ (firefighter) used tools to cut through fallen walls, while volunteers provided food and warm clothes to survivors. Everyone worked together, and manpower became the 6. _ (town) greatest strength. Despite the difficult conditions, rescuers managed 7. _ (pull) several trapped people out of the debris. As 8. _ result, more lives were saved than expected. 9. _ (medicine) workers treated the injured, and officials organized temporary shelters (临时避难所). 10. _ the town suffered great loss, the joint rescue efforts (努力) showed how kindness and courage can overcome even the worst disasters. People supported (支持) each other and promised to rebuild their homes and lives. 阅读提升循环练二 一、完形填空,从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个能填入文中相应空白处的最佳答案。 Have you ever experienced anything really terrible that made you have scary dreams at night? One of the 1 experiences of mine was going through a storm. One morning when I was eight years old, the news on TV 2 that there was a storm that might soon move into our town. But my parents and I were not going to leave our house because we thought the 3 wouldn't be too serious. Around 8:00 p.m., the wind began to blow. We could see the leaves flying everywhere. About an hour later, it started to rain 4 . The branches of the trees started to break off. I felt the wind pushing me back 5 I opened the door. At about 10:00 p.m., I tried to fall asleep but the wind kept making noise. Suddenly, my parents and I heard a 6 noise and knew that something bad happened. The storm broke a 7 into pieces and started to come in. After seeing this, we were so 8 that we couldn't say a word. We were in shock for a moment, and then we decided to do something. I used rubbish bags to cover the TV and computer. My parents used an old bed to block (堵住) the window. The wind was strong, so they found some wood to keep it in place. Luckily, the storm did not get worse. This very dangerous experience made us 9 that storms are storm dangerous. We should take them seriously and make full 10 before they come. ( )1. A. longest B. busiest C. happiest D. worst ( )2. A. pointed B. remembered C. reported D. shared ( )3. A. snow B. storm C. sunshine D. thunder ( )4. A. slowly B. hardly C. heavily D. lightly ( )5. A. even that B. as soon as C. now though D. so that ( )6. A. usual B. loud C. soft D. clear ( )7. A. table B. chair C. door D. window ( )8. A. shocked B. low C. unlucky D. joyful ( )9. A. realize B. wonder C. change D. imagine ( )10. A. information B. steps C. situations D. preparations 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My mother and I were staying in a town near Pompeii (庞贝). The earth shook those days. That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard. My mother rushed into my room to wake me up. We had to stay outside for the night. My mother was so scared. She didn't shut her eyes for even one second. By six o'clock the next morning, many buildings were still shaking. We decided to leave the town. The road was crowded. We were at a place out of town. Just then, shocking things happened. Our coach (四轮大马车) couldn't go straight ahead. It began to move from side to side. The sea moved back suddenly, and many sea animals were left on the sand. We noticed a very dark cloud over Mount Vesuvius (维苏威火山). Soon, the cloud moved down and covered the sea. My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind. We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood. It turned day into night. The air was thick with smoke and ash (火山灰) began to fall in heavy showers. All around us, women were calling, children were crying and men were shouting. People were trying to find their families in the dark. Thankfully, after a while, the daylight returned! Everything was covered in ash, like the snow in winter. After a night of living between hope and fear, we had no thoughts of things to come. Pliny the Younger ( )1. Where were the writer and his mother staying? A. In Pompeii. B. In a town near Pompeii. C. On Mount Vesuvius. D. By the sea. ( )2. When did the ground shake very hard? A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. At night. D. At noon. ( )3. What happened to the sea before the dark cloud spread? A. It became very rough. B. It moved back suddenly. C. It froze completely. D. It rose quickly. ( )4. What covered everything after the disaster? A. Snow B. Sand. C. Ash. D. Froth. ( )5. What is the passage mainly about? A. A trip to Mount Vesuvius. B. A terrible natural disaster the writer experienced. C. How to keep safe during an earthquake. D. The history of Pompeii. 三、短文还原,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。 Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September. 1. _ When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles (圆圈) and it keeps moving higher in the sky. 2. _ And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts. One is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. 3. _ This is where the strongest winds and hardest rain are. 4. _ In November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed around 6,000 people in the Philippines. More people were badly hurt and some others were missing. 5. _ • Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. • Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes! • Listen to the radio or watch TV for important information. • If you're told to go to a safe place, do it right away. A. How does a typhoon happen? B. What should we do when a typhoon hits? C. Typhoons often happen in the hot months. D. Typhoons can be very dangerous sometimes. E. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. F. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. 四、语法填空,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Did you experience an earthquake? There was a bad earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th, 1984. All of 1. _ sudden, a lot of buildings fell down, and hundreds of people were in danger. Many people 2. _ (sleep) when the earthquake happened. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was without electricity (电). It was reported that about 230 people died in the earthquake. Lots of people in Mexico City became 3. _ (volunteer) to help others. Some people in other areas also offered 4. _ (help). They took risks bringing clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses began to give people medicine and tried their best to help people on crowded streets. The aftershock (余震) happened 5. _ the evening of September 20th. It was the 6. _ (strong) after shock in Mexico. “I told my students two things. First, we should protect 7. _ (we), because it is not a game. 8. _ (two), we should get ready for everything in time.” said Adeline, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. Although all the buildings in the school were broken, 9. _ (thankful), everyone was safe. Because both the students 10. _ the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they quickly ran out of the buildings. 五、阅读表达 阅读下面短文,完成1—5小题。 Floods, droughts, storms, hot days...extreme (极端的) weather is becoming more and more common all over the world. (A) This is caused by greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放) from human activities, reported China Daily. In the summer of 2024, big storms hit areas of Europe. At least 13 people died in Austria, France and Italy by Aug. 19. In Portugal and Spain, huge wildfires forced thousands of people to leave their homes. (B) In the US, more than 80 percent of the west was in drought, causing three-quarters of farmers in these areas to stop growing food. In China, the heat hit the south starting from June 2024. The duration (持续时间) of 2024's high temperatures broke the 62-day record in 2013, becoming the longest heat wave in 61 years. If you visited Chongqing in the summer of 2024, you may have seen a very “dark” city: no more neon lights (霓虹灯) in the streets with only a few lights on in shopping malls. The highest temperature there reached 45 ! People there had no choice but to turn on the air conditioner the whole day, which was a big burden for the power system. Extreme weather has also made 218 of the known 375 diseases more serious. You may have heard the word “thermoplegia (热射病)” in 2024. It is the most serious type of sunstroke (中暑). Many cases of death were reported to be caused by it that summer. If people stay in high temperatures for too long, the heat will damage their organs (器官) and make people feel sick, even die. 1. What does (A) This refer to (指的是) in Paragraph One? _ 2. Translate the underlined sentence (B) into Chinese. _ 3. What made Chongqing a “dark” city according to the passage? _ 4. What is thermoplegia? _ 5. 根据短文内容填空,每空不超过3个词。 Extreme weather is becoming more common worldwide. In 2024, big storms hit Europe, and _ forced people to leave homes in Portugal and Spain. In the US, a serious drought caused many farmers to stop growing food. In China, a record-breaking heat wave _ the south. The temperature in Chongqing reached 45 , making people use air conditioners all day, which was a big burden for _. Extreme weather also makes many diseases more serious. “Thermoplegia”, the most serious type of sunstroke, caused many deaths. If people stay _ for too long, it can damage their organs. 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $