热点话题01 中国航天日——彰显了中国的进步与开放（语法填空专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题01中国航天日——彰显了中国的进步与开放 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 中国航天日彰显了一系列卓越的新成就，航空航天领域的进步彰显了中国的进步与开放。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202604/1359739.shtml Friday marks China's 11th Space Day, shining a light on a string of remarkable new achievements in the country's aerospace sector, including new findings from Chang'e-5 lunar samples, the launch schedule for the Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission, and international cooperation on the Xihe-2 solar observation mission. A Chinese expert said China's space industry is advancing at an impressive pace, and through inclusive, equal cooperation, China embraces openness to share space achievements to benefit more countries across the globe. One of the major achievements announced at the opening ceremony of the 11th China Space Day was that Chinese scientists have identified two previously unknown lunar minerals from the 1,731 grams of moon samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission, marking another breakthrough in deep-space research. The two newly discovered minerals have been officially approved and classified by the International Mineralogical Association. They have been named magnesiochangesite-(Y) and changesite-(Ce). This marks the second and third lunar minerals discovered by Chinese scientists, following the first discovery of changesite-(Y) in 2022. Globally, they are the seventh and eighth new lunar minerals identified in returned lunar samples. Moreover, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced at the Friday event that China's Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission is scheduled to launch in around 2028 and bring samples from Mars back to Earth around 2031, with five international and Hong Kong and Macao cooperation projects selected to join the mission, according to the Xinhua News Agency. 【原创·语法填空】(238words) Friday marks China's 11th Space Day, shining a light on a string of remarkable new achievements in the country's aerospace sector, including new findings 1.________ Chang'e-5 lunar samples, the launch schedule for the Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission, and international cooperation on the Xihe-2 solar observation mission. A Chinese expert said China's space industry is advancing at an 2.________（impress）impressive pace, and through inclusive, equal cooperation, China embraces openness to share space achievements to benefit more 3.________（country）across the globe. One of the major achievements announced at the opening ceremony of the 11th China Space Day was 4.________ Chinese scientists have identified two previously unknown lunar minerals from the 1,731 grams of moon samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission, 5.________（mark）another breakthrough in deep-space research. The two newly discovered minerals have been officially approved 6.________classified by the International Mineralogical Association. They have been named magnesiochangesite-(Y) and changesite-(Ce). This marks the second and third lunar minerals 7.________（discover）by Chinese scientists, following the first discovery of changesite-(Y) in 2022. 8.________（globe）, they are the seventh and eighth new lunar minerals identified in returned lunar samples. Moreover, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced at the Friday event that China's Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission 9.________（schedule） to launch in around 2028 and bring samples from Mars back to Earth around 2031, with five international and Hong Kong and Macao cooperation projects selected 10.________（join）the mission, according to the Xinhua News Agency. 【课标词汇积累】 1.remarkable adj. 异常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的 The professor highlighted the remarkable progress made by the international students in their final thesis presentations, noting how their unique cultural perspectives enriched the overall academic discussion. 教授强调了国际学生在最终论文答辩中取得的显著进步，指出他们独特的文化视角如何丰富了整体的学术讨论。 2.sample n. 样品；样本；（化验的）取样；vt. 品尝；体验；抽样调查；取样；品尝，体验；adj. 样品的，作为例子的 During the chemistry lab session, each student was required to carefully analyze the water sample taken from the local river to detect any potential contaminants that might affect the ecosystem.在化学实验课期间，每位学生都被要求仔细分析从当地河流采集的水样本，以检测任何可能影响生态系统的潜在污染物。 3. schedule n. 工作计划，日程安排；时刻表；节目表；课程表；清单v. 安排；列入 Due to the unexpected closure of the library for renovations, the study group had to urgently reschedule their weekly meeting and adjust their revision schedule to accommodate the new available time slots. 由于图书馆因装修意外关闭，学习小组不得不紧急重新安排每周会议，并调整他们的复习时间表以适应新的可用时间段。 4.inclusive adj. 包括的，包罗广泛的；包括…的；一切开支包括在内的；（语言使用上）不分男女的 Our history teacher emphasized the importance of adopting an inclusive approach when studying global conflicts, encouraging us to consider narratives from all sides rather than just the victors. 我们的历史老师强调，在研究全球冲突时采取包容性方法的重要性，鼓励我们考虑各方的叙述，而不仅仅是胜利者的观点。 5.identify vt. 识别，认出；确定；使参与；把…看成一样vi. 确定；认同 Through rigorous data analysis, the economics students were able to identify several key factors contributing to the sudden fluctuation in the simulated stock market during the classroom exercise.通过严格的数据分析，经济学学生们能够识别出在课堂练习期间导致模拟股市突然波动的几个关键因素。 6.breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破 The student’s innovative app design represented a significant breakthrough in user accessibility, allowing visually impaired individuals to navigate campus services more independently and efficiently. 该学生的创新应用程序设计代表了用户无障碍访问方面的重大突破，使视障人士能够更独立、高效地使用校园服务。 7.exploration n. 探测；勘探；研究 The literature course encouraged deep exploration of modernist themes, prompting students to read beyond the syllabus and engage with critical essays that challenged traditional interpretations. 文学课程鼓励对现代主义主题进行深入探究，促使学生阅读教学大纲之外的内容，并参与挑战传统解读的批判性文章讨论。 8.approve v. 赞成，同意；批准，通过 Many parents approve of the school’s new policy that limits screen time during class, believing it helps students focus better on face-to-face interactions and practical skills.许多家长赞成学校限制上课期间屏幕使用时间的的新政策，认为这有助于学生更好地专注于面对面互动和实践技能。 9.previously adv. 事先；以前；仓促 Although she had previously struggled with calculus, her consistent attendance at office hours and extra practice sessions helped her secure an A in the final examination. 虽然她此前在微积分学习上遇到困难，但她坚持参加办公时间答疑和额外的练习课，帮助她在期末考试中获得了A的成绩。 10.classify v. 将…分类 Librarians taught the freshman orientation group how to classify information sources by credibility, distinguishing between peer-reviewed academic articles and unverified blog posts.图书管理员向新生导向小组讲授了如何按可信度对信息源进行归类，区分同行评审的学术文章和未经验证的博客帖子。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.It was a ____________ achievement for the high school debate team to reach the national finals, especially considering that most members had only joined the club at the beginning of this semester. 对于高中辩论队来说，进入全国决赛是一项非凡的成就，特别是考虑到大多数成员直到本学期初才加入该社团。2.Before conducting the full-scale survey on campus dining preferences, the research group decided to collect a small ____________ of feedback from students across different majors to ensure the questionnaire was clear and unbiased. 在进行关于校园餐饮偏好的全面调查之前，研究小组决定从不同专业的学生中收集小样本反馈，以确保问卷清晰且无偏见。 3.Balancing a part-time job with a heavy course load requires students to create a detailed daily ____________ that prioritizes essential tasks while leaving enough room for rest and social activities. 平衡兼职工作与繁重的课程负担要求学生制定详细的每日时间表，在优先处理基本任务的同时，留出足够的空间用于休息和社交活动。 4.The university launched an ____________ mentorship program designed to support students from diverse backgrounds, ensuring that everyone has equal access to career guidance and networking opportunities. 大学启动了一项包容性的导师计划，旨在支持来自不同背景的学生，确保每个人都能平等地获得职业指导和人脉建立机会。 5.It is crucial for freshmen to ____________ their academic strengths and weaknesses early in the semester so they can seek appropriate tutoring resources before mid-term exams arrive. 对于大一新生来说，在学期初尽早确认自己的学术优势和劣势至关重要，这样他们就可以在期中考试到来之前寻求适当的辅导资源。 6.After months of failed experiments, the biology team finally achieved a major ____________ in understanding how certain enzymes react to temperature changes, which could lead to new medical treatments. 经过数月失败的实验，生物团队终于在理解某些酶如何对温度变化做出反应方面取得了重大突破，这可能带来新的治疗方法。 7.During the summer internship, the engineering interns were given the freedom for creative ____________, allowing them to prototype unconventional solutions to existing mechanical problems. 在暑期实习期间，工程实习生被赋予了创造性探索的自由，使他们能够对现有的机械问题原型化非常规的解决方案。 8.The department head will not ____________ the proposed budget for the student conference until every expense item is justified with detailed quotes and potential sponsorship sources. 在学生会议的每一项支出都用详细报价和潜在的赞助来源证明合理之前，系主任不会批准拟议的预算。 9.The research paper cited several studies that were ____________ published in reputable journals, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the current hypothesis being tested. 这篇研究论文引用了几篇先前发表在知名期刊上的研究，为当前正在测试的假设提供了坚实的理论基础。 10.In the biology lab, students learned how to ____________ various plant species based on their leaf structures and reproductive methods, using both digital databases and physical specimens. 在生物实验室里，学生们学习了如何根据叶片结构和繁殖方法对各类植物物种进行分类，同时使用了数字数据库和实物标本。 【参考译文】 周五是中国第11个航天日，这一天彰显了中国航空航天领域一系列卓越的新成就：包括嫦娥五号月球样本的最新研究成果、天问三号行星探测任务的发射计划，以及西河二号太阳观测任务的国际合作。一位中国专家表示，中国的航天产业正以令人瞩目的速度发展；通过包容平等的合作方式，中国秉持开放态度，致力于分享其航天成果，造福全球更多国家。 在第十一届中国航天日开幕式上宣布的一项重大成果是：中国科学家从嫦娥五号任务带回的1731克月球样本中，发现了两种此前未知的月球矿物，这标志着深空研究又取得了一项突破。这两种新发现的矿物已获得国际矿物学协会的正式认可与分类，分别被命名为镁镁闪石-(Y)和闪石-(Ce)。 这是中国科学家发现的第二和第三种月球矿物，此前他们已于2022年首次发现了变化石-(Y)。在全球范围内，这两种矿物是通过返回的月球样本鉴定出的第七和第八种新型月球矿物。 此外，据新华社报道， China National Space Administration（CNSA）在周五的活动上宣布，中国的“天问三号”行星探测任务计划于2028年前后发射，并于2031年前后将火星样本带回地球；该任务已选定五个国际合作项目以及港澳合作项目共同参与。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （贵州贵阳市2026年高三年级适应性考试（二））（For two decades, images from European spacecraft have contained tiny color marks caused by fast-moving dust devils (尘卷风). Now, scientists have turned these marks into a discovery: winds on Mars are far more powerful than previously believed. The study used data from two European Space Agency missions: Mars Express (2004) and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2016). Neither was designed to measure wind. However, thanks to a special design in their imaging instruments, both create color images that were taken by combining several pictures with a very short shooting delay (极短拍摄间隔). For a still scene, this process works smoothly. But for a moving dust devil, the delay makes it appear in slightly different positions, creating a faint digital mark. To analyze the data, the team trained a computer program to scan the images and identify these color marks. By measuring the distance of the marks and comparing it with the known short delay, they calculated the dust devil’s exact speed and direction. “We turned image noise into valuable scientific measurements,” said lead researcher Valentin Bickel. The results were surprising. The Mars Climate Database (MCD) — the standard model for predicting Martian weather — regularly gives near-surface wind speeds that are too low in 76% to 96% of cases. Previously, scientists thought only winds above 51 mph could lift dust into the air. According to the MCD, only 6 of the 1,039 dust devils observed should have been driven by winds that strong. But direct measurements showed that 124 dust devils actually passed that limit, with winds reaching up to 98 mph. This means far more dust is being lifted into Mars’s thin air than models predicted. Dust drives the planet’s entire weather system, so this finding forces a major rethink of Martian climate. The new data also serve as the first risk map for Mars explorers. Knowing where strong winds are most common can help mission planners avoid dangerous landing sites and protect equipment from dust. The information is already being used to plan the 2030 landing of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover, ensuring it arrives outside the planet’s global dust-storm season. 1．What led the scientists to the new discovery? A．Color marks captured by accident. B．Space missions for observing wind. C．Delayed shots of unchanged scenery. D．Special cameras targeting dust devils. 2．What did the scientists do to turn image noise into valuable scientific measurements? A．They compared differences of colors. B．They redesigned the instruments. C．They worked out the wind movements. D．They created a training program. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Strong winds can bring huge dangers. B．The standard MCD model is inaccurate. C．The number of dust devils is endless. D．Weather on Mars changes dramatically. 4．In which aspect can the research findings benefit future Mars missions? A．The forecast of disasters. B．The upgrading of equipment. C．The reduction of dust-storm. D．The selection of landing areas. Passage2阅读理解 （2026·云南高三二模）Most of you are probably familiar with various stories of searching for alien life, but have you heard about the scientist who was responsible for detecting the first traces of intelligent life lurking throughout our galaxy? This is Frank Drake’s story. At the age of 8, his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space, which astounded him. He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility — he thought Earth was it. So he wondered, what are they like? Are the people the same as us? Do they look the same way we do? What’s their planet like? And of course, at that time, there was no way that those questions could be answered in the slightest. Later on, when he was in college, he chose the elementary astronomy course. In the course, he went to the campus observatory, and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter. Even through a small telescope, it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something, which made Drake deeply absorbed. Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation (德雷克方程式), which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way. People always say that the search for alien life has failed. “You’ve been searching for 60 years and you haven’t found anything. So doesn’t that say that intelligent life is very rare?” “That’s wrong, because the amount of searching we’ve done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there. We’ve only covered a tiny, tiny fraction of all the possibilities,” Drake said. “When you spend your entire life on the things you love, you live a better life than most people,” he added. 5．What does the underlined word “astounded” probably mean? A．Astonished. B．Moved. C．Discouraged. D．Confused. 6．What aroused Drake’s greater interest in astronomy during college? A．His observation of intelligent life in space. B．His firsthand view of Jupiter through a telescope. C．His teaching experience in elementary astronomy class. D．His achievement in creating the famous Drake equation. 7．What is Drake’s attitude toward the alien searching work? A．It is a total failure. B．There are various benefits. C．It is too expensive. D．There are many possibilities. 8．Which of the following words can best describe Drake? A．Gifted and hardworking. B．Inquiring and brave. C．Passionate and persevering. D．Inventive and sharp-minded. Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2026·重庆市第一中学高三4月二诊）Our solar system is named after the Latin word for sun, “Sol”. The thing about our solar system is that while there are lots of other suns and planets out there, 1 Most other systems feature planets orbiting closer to their parent sun than Mercury (水星) does, the closest planet to Sol. Other systems also have “super Earths”. 2 And these systems usually have “hot Jupiters (木星)”, which are gas giants orbiting very close to their sun. 3 Other systems have planets with highly non-circular orbits, similar to those of comets (彗星). In our solar system, the planetary orbits are nearly circular and the planets are widely spaced. Other systems have planets grouped closely together, like peas in a pod. Astronomers, and scientists in general don’t like “special” things. They like things that are “usual” or “typical” because that allows explanation. Yet, when faced with something unusual, they seek to understand it as well. 4 One theory states that at an early stage, Jupiter may have migrated through our solar system clearing out an initial group of large planets orbiting closer to Sol, before it settled in its current orbit. Another, more interesting, approach is to ask whether our solar system seems different simply because we have evolved to notice its uniqueness. 5 Or there are yet other possibilities. A．our system is just a bit different. B．there are more of them to be found. C．The orbits of planets in our solar system are different too. D．The act of observation may have changed what is observed. E．So, of course, there are theories on why our solar system is different. F．They are rocky planets larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune (海王星). G．In fact, some planetary systems have orbits just as circular as those in ours. Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2026·广东佛山顺德区教学质量检测（二））Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this 1 spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and 2 to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. 3 , six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the 4 of which was to 5 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what 6 on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day 7 the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s 8 , like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved 9 heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to 10 field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The 11 were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the 12 that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and 13 a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the 14 space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable 15 on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 1．A．uncertain B．unimportant C．unnecessary D．unlikely 2．A．vital B．linked C．similar D．beneficial 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Still 4．A．cause B．objective C．result D．challenge 5．A．send B．store C．change D．download 6．A．weather B．water C．life D．volcanoes 7．A．inhabit B．pollute C．picture D．map 8．A．skills B．fortunes C．tools D．luxuries 9．A．protecting B．locating C．carrying D．wearing 10．A．keep an eye on B．carry out C．break off D．call off 11．A．shelters B．rocks C．caves D．domes 12．A．relief B．excitement C．fear D．peace 13．A．decorated B．built C．destroyed D．found 14．A．harmful B．random C．mysterious D．unexpected 15．A．limitations B．pressure C．influence D．control Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A spaceship carrying three astronauts linked up with China’s space station on Thursday as part of a scheduled crew rotation (轮换), 1 (mark) a further step in the country’s ambitions for a crewed mission to the moon and the 2 (explore) of Mars. The Shenzhou-20 spaceship, 3 took off as planned on board China’s workhorse Long March 2F rocket at 5:17 p.m. local time, reached the Tiangong Space Station about 6.5 hours later, according to the China Manned Space Agency. The rocket lifted off from the launch center in Jiuquan, on the edge of the Gobi Desert in northwestern China. The spaceship 4 (remain) in space before returning with the current three-person crew. 5 first launching a man into space in 2003 — becoming only the 6 (three) country to do so — China’s space program has advanced at a steady pace. The space agency has also landed an explorer on Mars and a rover (探测器) on the less-explored far side of the moon, 7 aims to put a person on the moon before 2030. The Shenzhou-20 mission will be commanded by Chen Dong, 8 (accompany) by fighter pilot Chen Zhongrui and engineer Wang Jie. They will replace the three astronauts 9 (current) on the Chinese space station, who 10 (send) in October last year and they have been in space for 175 days. They are due to return on April 1. The Tiangong, fully built in October 2022, can accommodate up to six people at a time. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题01中国航天日——彰显了中国的进步与开放 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 中国航天日彰显了一系列卓越的新成就，航空航天领域的进步彰显了中国的进步与开放。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202604/1359739.shtml Friday marks China's 11th Space Day, shining a light on a string of remarkable new achievements in the country's aerospace sector, including new findings from Chang'e-5 lunar samples, the launch schedule for the Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission, and international cooperation on the Xihe-2 solar observation mission. A Chinese expert said China's space industry is advancing at an impressive pace, and through inclusive, equal cooperation, China embraces openness to share space achievements to benefit more countries across the globe. One of the major achievements announced at the opening ceremony of the 11th China Space Day was that Chinese scientists have identified two previously unknown lunar minerals from the 1,731 grams of moon samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission, marking another breakthrough in deep-space research. The two newly discovered minerals have been officially approved and classified by the International Mineralogical Association. They have been named magnesiochangesite-(Y) and changesite-(Ce). This marks the second and third lunar minerals discovered by Chinese scientists, following the first discovery of changesite-(Y) in 2022. Globally, they are the seventh and eighth new lunar minerals identified in returned lunar samples. Moreover, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced at the Friday event that China's Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission is scheduled to launch in around 2028 and bring samples from Mars back to Earth around 2031, with five international and Hong Kong and Macao cooperation projects selected to join the mission, according to the Xinhua News Agency. 【原创·语法填空】(238words) Friday marks China's 11th Space Day, shining a light on a string of remarkable new achievements in the country's aerospace sector, including new findings 1.________ Chang'e-5 lunar samples, the launch schedule for the Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission, and international cooperation on the Xihe-2 solar observation mission. A Chinese expert said China's space industry is advancing at an 2.________（impress）impressive pace, and through inclusive, equal cooperation, China embraces openness to share space achievements to benefit more 3.________（country）across the globe. One of the major achievements announced at the opening ceremony of the 11th China Space Day was 4.________ Chinese scientists have identified two previously unknown lunar minerals from the 1,731 grams of moon samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission, 5.________（mark）another breakthrough in deep-space research. The two newly discovered minerals have been officially approved 6.________classified by the International Mineralogical Association. They have been named magnesiochangesite-(Y) and changesite-(Ce). This marks the second and third lunar minerals 7.________（discover）by Chinese scientists, following the first discovery of changesite-(Y) in 2022. 8.________（globe）, they are the seventh and eighth new lunar minerals identified in returned lunar samples. Moreover, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) announced at the Friday event that China's Tianwen-3 planetary exploration mission 9.________（schedule） to launch in around 2028 and bring samples from Mars back to Earth around 2031, with five international and Hong Kong and Macao cooperation projects selected 10.________（join）the mission, according to the Xinhua News Agency. 【答案】1.from 2.impressive 3.countries 4.that 5.marking 6.and 7.discovered 8.Globally 9.is scheduled 10.to join 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国航天日彰显了一系列卓越的新成就，航空航天领域的进步彰显了中国的进步与开放。 1.from考查介词。 周五是中国第11个航天日，这一日子凸显了中国航空航天领域一系列卓越的新成就，其中包括“嫦娥五号”月球样本的最新研究成果。此处new findings from Chang'e-5 lunar samples来自嫦娥五号月球样本的新发现。故填from。 2.impressive考查词形转换。一位中国专家表示，中国的航天产业正以令人瞩目的速度发展；通过包容、平等的合作，中国秉持开放态度，分享其航天成就，以惠及全球更多国家。此处修饰名词pace用形容词，故填impressive。 3.countries考查名词复数。 通过包容、平等的合作，中国秉持开放态度，分享其航天成就，以惠及全球更多国家。根据句意用复数形式，故填countries。 4.that考查表语从句的连接词。在第十一届中国航天日开幕式上宣布的主要成就之一是：中国科学家从嫦娥五号任务带回的1731克月球样本中鉴定出两种此前未知的月球矿物，这标志着深空研究又取得了一项重大突破。此处是表语从句，从句成分齐全，意思完整，故填that。 5.marking考查现在分词。 在第十一届中国航天日开幕式上宣布的主要成就之一是：中国科学家从嫦娥五号任务带回的1731克月球样本中鉴定出两种此前未知的月球矿物，这标志着深空研究又取得了一项重大突破。此处making another breakthrough in deep-space research做结果状语。故填making。 6.and考查并列连词。这两种新发现的矿物已获得国际矿物学协会的正式批准并完成分类。此处approved和classified是并列谓语，故填and。 7.discovered考查过去分词。 这是中国科学家发现的第二和第三种月球矿物，此前他们已于2022年首次发现了变质硅铁矿-(Y)。此处是过去分词短语作定语。月球矿物是被发现的，故填discovered。 8.Globally考查词形转换。在全球范围内，这些矿物是通过返回的月球样本中新发现的第七和第八种月球矿物。此处评注性状语，修饰整个句子，故填Globally。 9.is scheduled考查被动语态。中国的“天问三号”行星探测任务计划于2028年左右发射，预计将于2031年左右将火星样本带回地球。Be scheduled to预定，预期，计划做，表示将来的动作。故填is scheduled。 10.to join考查不定式。计划于2031年前后将火星样本带回地球，目前已选定五个国际项目以及港澳合作项目参与此次任务。此处with+名词+不定式结构，表示将来的动作，故填to join。 【课标词汇积累】 1.remarkable adj. 异常的，引人注目的，；卓越的；显著的；非凡的，非常（好）的 The professor highlighted the remarkable progress made by the international students in their final thesis presentations, noting how their unique cultural perspectives enriched the overall academic discussion. 教授强调了国际学生在最终论文答辩中取得的显著进步，指出他们独特的文化视角如何丰富了整体的学术讨论。 2.sample n. 样品；样本；（化验的）取样；vt. 品尝；体验；抽样调查；取样；品尝，体验；adj. 样品的，作为例子的 During the chemistry lab session, each student was required to carefully analyze the water sample taken from the local river to detect any potential contaminants that might affect the ecosystem.在化学实验课期间，每位学生都被要求仔细分析从当地河流采集的水样本，以检测任何可能影响生态系统的潜在污染物。 3. schedule n. 工作计划，日程安排；时刻表；节目表；课程表；清单v. 安排；列入 Due to the unexpected closure of the library for renovations, the study group had to urgently reschedule their weekly meeting and adjust their revision schedule to accommodate the new available time slots. 由于图书馆因装修意外关闭，学习小组不得不紧急重新安排每周会议，并调整他们的复习时间表以适应新的可用时间段。 4.inclusive adj. 包括的，包罗广泛的；包括…的；一切开支包括在内的；（语言使用上）不分男女的 Our history teacher emphasized the importance of adopting an inclusive approach when studying global conflicts, encouraging us to consider narratives from all sides rather than just the victors. 我们的历史老师强调，在研究全球冲突时采取包容性方法的重要性，鼓励我们考虑各方的叙述，而不仅仅是胜利者的观点。 5.identify vt. 识别，认出；确定；使参与；把…看成一样vi. 确定；认同 Through rigorous data analysis, the economics students were able to identify several key factors contributing to the sudden fluctuation in the simulated stock market during the classroom exercise.通过严格的数据分析，经济学学生们能够识别出在课堂练习期间导致模拟股市突然波动的几个关键因素。 6.breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破 The student’s innovative app design represented a significant breakthrough in user accessibility, allowing visually impaired individuals to navigate campus services more independently and efficiently. 该学生的创新应用程序设计代表了用户无障碍访问方面的重大突破，使视障人士能够更独立、高效地使用校园服务。 7.exploration n. 探测；勘探；研究 The literature course encouraged deep exploration of modernist themes, prompting students to read beyond the syllabus and engage with critical essays that challenged traditional interpretations. 文学课程鼓励对现代主义主题进行深入探究，促使学生阅读教学大纲之外的内容，并参与挑战传统解读的批判性文章讨论。 8.approve v. 赞成，同意；批准，通过 Many parents approve of the school’s new policy that limits screen time during class, believing it helps students focus better on face-to-face interactions and practical skills.许多家长赞成学校限制上课期间屏幕使用时间的的新政策，认为这有助于学生更好地专注于面对面互动和实践技能。 9.previously adv. 事先；以前；仓促 Although she had previously struggled with calculus, her consistent attendance at office hours and extra practice sessions helped her secure an A in the final examination. 虽然她此前在微积分学习上遇到困难，但她坚持参加办公时间答疑和额外的练习课，帮助她在期末考试中获得了A的成绩。 10.classify v. 将…分类 Librarians taught the freshman orientation group how to classify information sources by credibility, distinguishing between peer-reviewed academic articles and unverified blog posts.图书管理员向新生导向小组讲授了如何按可信度对信息源进行归类，区分同行评审的学术文章和未经验证的博客帖子。 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.It was a ____________ achievement for the high school debate team to reach the national finals, especially considering that most members had only joined the club at the beginning of this semester. 对于高中辩论队来说，进入全国决赛是一项非凡的成就，特别是考虑到大多数成员直到本学期初才加入该社团。2.Before conducting the full-scale survey on campus dining preferences, the research group decided to collect a small ____________ of feedback from students across different majors to ensure the questionnaire was clear and unbiased. 在进行关于校园餐饮偏好的全面调查之前，研究小组决定从不同专业的学生中收集小样本反馈，以确保问卷清晰且无偏见。 3.Balancing a part-time job with a heavy course load requires students to create a detailed daily ____________ that prioritizes essential tasks while leaving enough room for rest and social activities. 平衡兼职工作与繁重的课程负担要求学生制定详细的每日时间表，在优先处理基本任务的同时，留出足够的空间用于休息和社交活动。 4.The university launched an ____________ mentorship program designed to support students from diverse backgrounds, ensuring that everyone has equal access to career guidance and networking opportunities. 大学启动了一项包容性的导师计划，旨在支持来自不同背景的学生，确保每个人都能平等地获得职业指导和人脉建立机会。 5.It is crucial for freshmen to ____________ their academic strengths and weaknesses early in the semester so they can seek appropriate tutoring resources before mid-term exams arrive. 对于大一新生来说，在学期初尽早确认自己的学术优势和劣势至关重要，这样他们就可以在期中考试到来之前寻求适当的辅导资源。 6.After months of failed experiments, the biology team finally achieved a major ____________ in understanding how certain enzymes react to temperature changes, which could lead to new medical treatments. 经过数月失败的实验，生物团队终于在理解某些酶如何对温度变化做出反应方面取得了重大突破，这可能带来新的治疗方法。 7.During the summer internship, the engineering interns were given the freedom for creative ____________, allowing them to prototype unconventional solutions to existing mechanical problems. 在暑期实习期间，工程实习生被赋予了创造性探索的自由，使他们能够对现有的机械问题原型化非常规的解决方案。 8.The department head will not ____________ the proposed budget for the student conference until every expense item is justified with detailed quotes and potential sponsorship sources. 在学生会议的每一项支出都用详细报价和潜在的赞助来源证明合理之前，系主任不会批准拟议的预算。 9.The research paper cited several studies that were ____________ published in reputable journals, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the current hypothesis being tested. 这篇研究论文引用了几篇先前发表在知名期刊上的研究，为当前正在测试的假设提供了坚实的理论基础。 10.In the biology lab, students learned how to ____________ various plant species based on their leaf structures and reproductive methods, using both digital databases and physical specimens. 在生物实验室里，学生们学习了如何根据叶片结构和繁殖方法对各类植物物种进行分类，同时使用了数字数据库和实物标本。 Keys: 1.remarkable 2.sample 3.schedule 4.inclusive 5.identify 6.breakthrough 7.exploration 8.approve 9.previously 10.classify 【参考译文】 周五是中国第11个航天日，这一天彰显了中国航空航天领域一系列卓越的新成就：包括嫦娥五号月球样本的最新研究成果、天问三号行星探测任务的发射计划，以及西河二号太阳观测任务的国际合作。一位中国专家表示，中国的航天产业正以令人瞩目的速度发展；通过包容平等的合作方式，中国秉持开放态度，致力于分享其航天成果，造福全球更多国家。 在第十一届中国航天日开幕式上宣布的一项重大成果是：中国科学家从嫦娥五号任务带回的1731克月球样本中，发现了两种此前未知的月球矿物，这标志着深空研究又取得了一项突破。这两种新发现的矿物已获得国际矿物学协会的正式认可与分类，分别被命名为镁镁闪石-(Y)和闪石-(Ce)。 这是中国科学家发现的第二和第三种月球矿物，此前他们已于2022年首次发现了变化石-(Y)。在全球范围内，这两种矿物是通过返回的月球样本鉴定出的第七和第八种新型月球矿物。 此外，据新华社报道， China National Space Administration（CNSA）在周五的活动上宣布，中国的“天问三号”行星探测任务计划于2028年前后发射，并于2031年前后将火星样本带回地球；该任务已选定五个国际合作项目以及港澳合作项目共同参与。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （贵州贵阳市2026年高三年级适应性考试（二））（For two decades, images from European spacecraft have contained tiny color marks caused by fast-moving dust devils (尘卷风). Now, scientists have turned these marks into a discovery: winds on Mars are far more powerful than previously believed. The study used data from two European Space Agency missions: Mars Express (2004) and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2016). Neither was designed to measure wind. However, thanks to a special design in their imaging instruments, both create color images that were taken by combining several pictures with a very short shooting delay (极短拍摄间隔). For a still scene, this process works smoothly. But for a moving dust devil, the delay makes it appear in slightly different positions, creating a faint digital mark. To analyze the data, the team trained a computer program to scan the images and identify these color marks. By measuring the distance of the marks and comparing it with the known short delay, they calculated the dust devil’s exact speed and direction. “We turned image noise into valuable scientific measurements,” said lead researcher Valentin Bickel. The results were surprising. The Mars Climate Database (MCD) — the standard model for predicting Martian weather — regularly gives near-surface wind speeds that are too low in 76% to 96% of cases. Previously, scientists thought only winds above 51 mph could lift dust into the air. According to the MCD, only 6 of the 1,039 dust devils observed should have been driven by winds that strong. But direct measurements showed that 124 dust devils actually passed that limit, with winds reaching up to 98 mph. This means far more dust is being lifted into Mars’s thin air than models predicted. Dust drives the planet’s entire weather system, so this finding forces a major rethink of Martian climate. The new data also serve as the first risk map for Mars explorers. Knowing where strong winds are most common can help mission planners avoid dangerous landing sites and protect equipment from dust. The information is already being used to plan the 2030 landing of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover, ensuring it arrives outside the planet’s global dust-storm season. 1．What led the scientists to the new discovery? A．Color marks captured by accident. B．Space missions for observing wind. C．Delayed shots of unchanged scenery. D．Special cameras targeting dust devils. 2．What did the scientists do to turn image noise into valuable scientific measurements? A．They compared differences of colors. B．They redesigned the instruments. C．They worked out the wind movements. D．They created a training program. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Strong winds can bring huge dangers. B．The standard MCD model is inaccurate. C．The number of dust devils is endless. D．Weather on Mars changes dramatically. 4．In which aspect can the research findings benefit future Mars missions? A．The forecast of disasters. B．The upgrading of equipment. C．The reduction of dust-storm. D．The selection of landing areas. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了科学家利用欧洲航天局火星探测器图像中意外留下的尘卷风痕迹，通过分析计算出火星表面风速远超此前模型预测，这一发现不仅修正了对火星气候的认知，还为未来火星探测任务的着陆选址和设备防护提供了关键依据。 1．细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“For two decades, images from European spacecraft have contained tiny color marks caused by fast-moving dust devils (尘卷风). Now, scientists have turned these marks into a discovery: winds on Mars are far more powerful than previously believed.(二十年来，欧洲航天器传回的图像中一直包含着由快速移动的尘卷风造成的微小彩色痕迹。现在，科学家们将这些痕迹转化为一项发现：火星上的风比之前认为的要强得多。)”可知，是这些偶然捕捉到的颜色痕迹引导科学家做出了新发现。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By measuring the distance of the marks and comparing it with the known short delay, they calculated the dust devil’s exact speed and direction. ‘We turned image noise into valuable scientific measurements,’ said lead researcher Valentin Bickel.(通过测量痕迹的距离并将其与已知的极短延迟进行比较，他们计算出了尘卷风的精确速度和方向。首席研究员瓦伦丁·比克尔说：‘我们将图像噪声转化为有价值的科学测量数据。’)”可知，科学家通过计算尘卷风的速度和方向，将原本被视为噪声的图像痕迹转化为了科学测量数据。 3．推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“The Mars Climate Database (MCD) — the standard model for predicting Martian weather — regularly gives near-surface wind speeds that are too low in 76% to 96% of cases.(火星气候数据库（MCD）——预测火星天气的标准模型——在76%到96%的情况下定期给出的近地表风速都过低。)”以及对比观测数据与模型预测的差异可知，标准的MCD模型是不准确的。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Knowing where strong winds are most common can help mission planners avoid dangerous landing sites and protect equipment from dust. The information is already being used to plan the 2030 landing of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover, ensuring it arrives outside the planet’s global dust-storm season.(了解强风高发区域，有助于任务规划人员避开危险着陆地点，并保护设备免受沙尘侵害。该信息已应用于 2030 年火星生命探测任务罗莎琳德・富兰克林号火星车的着陆规划，确保其在火星全球沙尘暴季之外抵达火星。)”可知，该研究成果能帮助规划者选择合适的着陆区域。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·云南高三二模）Most of you are probably familiar with various stories of searching for alien life, but have you heard about the scientist who was responsible for detecting the first traces of intelligent life lurking throughout our galaxy? This is Frank Drake’s story. At the age of 8, his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space, which astounded him. He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility — he thought Earth was it. So he wondered, what are they like? Are the people the same as us? Do they look the same way we do? What’s their planet like? And of course, at that time, there was no way that those questions could be answered in the slightest. Later on, when he was in college, he chose the elementary astronomy course. In the course, he went to the campus observatory, and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter. Even through a small telescope, it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something, which made Drake deeply absorbed. Frank Drake is mostly known for developing the Drake equation (德雷克方程式), which is a mathematical equation developed to estimate the number of detectable alien civilizations in the Milky Way. People always say that the search for alien life has failed. “You’ve been searching for 60 years and you haven’t found anything. So doesn’t that say that intelligent life is very rare?” “That’s wrong, because the amount of searching we’ve done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there. We’ve only covered a tiny, tiny fraction of all the possibilities,” Drake said. “When you spend your entire life on the things you love, you live a better life than most people,” he added. 5．What does the underlined word “astounded” probably mean? A．Astonished. B．Moved. C．Discouraged. D．Confused. 6．What aroused Drake’s greater interest in astronomy during college? A．His observation of intelligent life in space. B．His firsthand view of Jupiter through a telescope. C．His teaching experience in elementary astronomy class. D．His achievement in creating the famous Drake equation. 7．What is Drake’s attitude toward the alien searching work? A．It is a total failure. B．There are various benefits. C．It is too expensive. D．There are many possibilities. 8．Which of the following words can best describe Drake? A．Gifted and hardworking. B．Inquiring and brave. C．Passionate and persevering. D．Inventive and sharp-minded. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述弗兰克・德雷克受父亲启发，痴迷天文学，提出德雷克方程式，一生执着探索外星生命，坚信探索仍有诸多可能性。 5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“At the age of 8, his father one day told Drake there are other worlds in space, which astounded him. He had no idea that such a thing was a possibility — he thought Earth was it.(8岁时，父亲告诉德雷克太空中还有其他星球，这让他astounded。他从没想过会有这种可能，一直以为地球就是唯一的世界。)”可知，弗兰克・德雷克从没想过除地球以外还有其他星球，所以猜测astounded意为“震惊的”。故选A项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the course, he went to the campus observatory, and one of the things he observed was the planet Jupiter. Even through a small telescope, it was just very clear that it was another world but not a picture in a book or something, which made Drake deeply absorbed.(在这门课上，他去了校园天文台，观测到的天体之一是木星。即便通过小型望远镜，也能清晰地看到那是另一个真实的星球，而非书本上的图片，这让德雷克深深着迷。)”可知，大学时望远镜里亲眼见到木星激发了他对天文学的浓厚兴趣。故选B项。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段“That’s wrong, because the amount of searching we’ve done has hardly touched the number of possibilities that are out there. We’ve only covered a tiny, tiny fraction of all the possibilities,(这种观点是错误的，因为我们迄今所做的搜寻工作，几乎还没有触及宇宙中存在的可能性总量。我们仅仅探索了所有可能性中极其微小的一部分，)”可知，德雷克认为外星生命探索仍存在诸多可能性。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段“When you spend your entire life on the things you love, you live a better life than most people,(当你毕生投身于自己热爱的事业，你的人生会比大多数人更有意义，)”以及上文内容可知，德雷克一生执着探索外星生命，热爱科研、坚持不懈，可以用热忱且坚毅来形容。故选C项。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2026·重庆市第一中学高三4月二诊）Our solar system is named after the Latin word for sun, “Sol”. The thing about our solar system is that while there are lots of other suns and planets out there, 1 Most other systems feature planets orbiting closer to their parent sun than Mercury (水星) does, the closest planet to Sol. Other systems also have “super Earths”. 2 And these systems usually have “hot Jupiters (木星)”, which are gas giants orbiting very close to their sun. 3 Other systems have planets with highly non-circular orbits, similar to those of comets (彗星). In our solar system, the planetary orbits are nearly circular and the planets are widely spaced. Other systems have planets grouped closely together, like peas in a pod. Astronomers, and scientists in general don’t like “special” things. They like things that are “usual” or “typical” because that allows explanation. Yet, when faced with something unusual, they seek to understand it as well. 4 One theory states that at an early stage, Jupiter may have migrated through our solar system clearing out an initial group of large planets orbiting closer to Sol, before it settled in its current orbit. Another, more interesting, approach is to ask whether our solar system seems different simply because we have evolved to notice its uniqueness. 5 Or there are yet other possibilities. A．our system is just a bit different. B．there are more of them to be found. C．The orbits of planets in our solar system are different too. D．The act of observation may have changed what is observed. E．So, of course, there are theories on why our solar system is different. F．They are rocky planets larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune (海王星). G．In fact, some planetary systems have orbits just as circular as those in ours. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．C 4．E 5．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文对比太阳系与其他行星系统，从行星轨道、星体类型等方面说明太阳系的独特之处，并列举不同理论，解释太阳系与众不同的原因。 1．根据上文“Our solar system is named after the Latin word for sun, “Sol”. The thing about our solar system is that while there are lots of other suns and planets out there(我们的太阳系是以拉丁语中“太阳”的词“Sol”来命名的。而我们太阳系的特点在于，尽管宇宙中存在着众多其他的恒星和行星，但我们的太阳系本身却是独一无二的)”可知，前文：宇宙有很多恒星与行星；后文介绍其他星系和太阳系的诸多差异。A项“我们的星系只是稍有不同”承上启下，引出下文对比。故选A。 2．根据上文“Most other systems feature planets orbiting closer to their parent sun than Mercury (水星) does, the closest planet to Sol. Other systems also have “super Earths”.(大多数其他星系中的行星都比水星（距离太阳最近的行星）更靠近其母星运行。此外，这些星系中还存在“超级地球”)”可知，前文提及“超级地球”的话题，推测本句是对超级地球进行定义解释，故F项“它们是比地球大但比海王星小的岩石行星”衔接紧密。故选F。 3．根据后文“Other systems have planets with highly non-circular orbits, similar to those of comets (彗星). In our solar system, the planetary orbits are nearly circular and the planets are widely spaced. Other systems have planets grouped closely together, like peas in a pod.(其他星系中的行星有着极为不规则的轨道，类似于彗星的轨道。而在我们的太阳系中，行星的轨道近乎圆形，且行星之间的距离较为广阔。而在其他星系中，行星则紧密地聚集在一起，就像一串串的豌豆)”可知，后文围绕行星轨道形状、间距展开对比；C项“我们太阳系中行星的轨道与其他行星系统也不相同”总起本段内容。故选C。 4．根据上文“Astronomers, and scientists in general don’t like “special” things. They like things that are “usual” or “typical” because that allows explanation. Yet, when faced with something unusual, they seek to understand it as well.(天文学家以及所有科学家都不喜欢“特殊”的事物。他们更喜欢“常见”或“典型”的事物，因为这样才便于解释。然而，当面对一些不寻常的事物时，他们也会努力去理解它)”可知，前文说太阳系很特殊、不合常规，本句引出下文提到的两种理论。故E项“所以，毫无疑问，关于为何我们的太阳系与众不同，存在着各种理论”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据上文“Another, more interesting, approach is to ask whether our solar system seems different simply because we have evolved to notice its uniqueness.(另一种更具探究性的方法是思考：我们的太阳系之所以显得与众不同，是否仅仅是因为我们人类已经进化出了能够察觉其独特性的能力)” 可知，前一句提出猜想“人类演化导致我们留意到它的独特”，本句承接上文的观点，说明这一行为的结果，故D项“观察行为本身可能会改变所观察到的事物”承接该观点，贴合文意。故选D。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2026·广东佛山顺德区教学质量检测（二））Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this 1 spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and 2 to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. 3 , six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the 4 of which was to 5 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what 6 on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day 7 the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s 8 , like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved 9 heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to 10 field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The 11 were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the 12 that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and 13 a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the 14 space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable 15 on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 1．A．uncertain B．unimportant C．unnecessary D．unlikely 2．A．vital B．linked C．similar D．beneficial 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Still 4．A．cause B．objective C．result D．challenge 5．A．send B．store C．change D．download 6．A．weather B．water C．life D．volcanoes 7．A．inhabit B．pollute C．picture D．map 8．A．skills B．fortunes C．tools D．luxuries 9．A．protecting B．locating C．carrying D．wearing 10．A．keep an eye on B．carry out C．break off D．call off 11．A．shelters B．rocks C．caves D．domes 12．A．relief B．excitement C．fear D．peace 13．A．decorated B．built C．destroyed D．found 14．A．harmful B．random C．mysterious D．unexpected 15．A．limitations B．pressure C．influence D．control 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山因环境酷似火星，被用于模拟火星任务实验，科学家在此模拟火星生活，为未来载人探火任务提供研究依据。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个看似不太可能的地方却是模拟火星太空任务的理想地点。A. uncertain不确定的；B. unimportant不重要的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. unlikely不太可能的。根据前文“Mauna Loa is among the world’s most active volcanoes”可知，活跃火山本不适合科研，因此是不太可能的地点。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地点被选中是因为它位置偏远，且与火星环境相似。A. vital至关重要的；B. linked相关的；C. similar相似的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”可知，这里指两地地质环境相似。故选C项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Still仍然。根据前文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”描述Mauna Loa适合模拟火星环境，因此开展实验，前后为因果关系，therefore符合语境。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. cause原因；B. objective目的；C. result结果；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“to study what life on Mars would be like”以及语境可知，此处指实验的目标。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是保存关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. send发送；B. store储存，收集；C. change改变；D. download下载。根据后文“how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts”以及语境可知，实验是为了收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息，store符合语境。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这六名科学家与外界隔绝，以研究火星上的生活会是什么样子。A. weather天气；B. water水源；C. life生活；D. volcanoes火山。根据后文“how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers”以及语境可知，这里指科学家在模拟火星生活。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的任务是观察隔离会如何影响未来可能居住火星的探险者的社交状况。A. inhabit居住；B. pollute污染；C. picture想象；D. map绘制地图。根据前文“space mission to Mars”可知，这里指研究对象是未来将居住火星的探险者，inhabit符合语境。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星环境恶劣，所以六人必须在没有许多生活奢享品的条件下生活，比如新鲜水果和无限供水。A. skills技能；B. fortunes财富；C. tools工具；D. luxuries奢享品。根据后文“fresh fruit and unlimited water”以及常识可知，这些在太空中属于稀缺奢享品。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开栖息地需要穿上与为火星宇航员设计的宇航服类似的厚重防护服，并在“气闸舱”内等候5分钟，以模拟气压下降的过程。A. protecting保护；B. locating定位；C. carrying携带；D. wearing穿着。根据后文“heavy suits”以及语境可知，这里指穿戴厚重防护服。故选D项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们每周只离开圆顶屋一次，去执行火星任务期间会进行的实地研究。A. keep an eye on留意；B. carry out执行；C. break off中断；D. call off取消。根据后文“field studies that would happen during a Mars mission”以及语境可知，这里指开展地研究的任务，carry out符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些洞穴是特别吸引人的目的地。A. shelters庇护所；B. rocks岩石；C. caves洞穴；D. domes圆顶屋。根据后文“her crew explored more than 100 caves”可知，这里指洞穴很吸引人，caves是原词复现。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个特别洞穴里，她详细描述了探索指状岩层所带来的兴奋感。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement兴奋；C. fear恐惧；D. peace平静。根据前文“ 　　　 were a particularly attractive destination”可知，这里指探索她带来了兴奋。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们更仔细地检查了岩石，并找到了一个适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。A. decorated装饰；B. built建造；C. destroyed破坏；D. found找到。根据后文“a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation”以及语境可知，这里指发现了适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，这种熔岩管有望为宇航员提供庇护，躲避太阳风暴期间有害的太空辐射。A. harmful有害的；B. random随机的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. unexpected意外的。根据后文“space radiation during a solar storm”以及常识可知，辐射是有害的，harmful符合语境。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究结果预计会对未来派遣宇航员执行火星任务的决策产生重大影响。A. limitations限制；B. pressure压力；C. influence影响；D. control控制。根据前文“to 　　　 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts.”描述实验目的是为火星任务提供依据可知，所以这里指结果会影响决策，influence符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A spaceship carrying three astronauts linked up with China’s space station on Thursday as part of a scheduled crew rotation (轮换), 1 (mark) a further step in the country’s ambitions for a crewed mission to the moon and the 2 (explore) of Mars. The Shenzhou-20 spaceship, 3 took off as planned on board China’s workhorse Long March 2F rocket at 5:17 p.m. local time, reached the Tiangong Space Station about 6.5 hours later, according to the China Manned Space Agency. The rocket lifted off from the launch center in Jiuquan, on the edge of the Gobi Desert in northwestern China. The spaceship 4 (remain) in space before returning with the current three-person crew. 5 first launching a man into space in 2003 — becoming only the 6 (three) country to do so — China’s space program has advanced at a steady pace. The space agency has also landed an explorer on Mars and a rover (探测器) on the less-explored far side of the moon, 7 aims to put a person on the moon before 2030. The Shenzhou-20 mission will be commanded by Chen Dong, 8 (accompany) by fighter pilot Chen Zhongrui and engineer Wang Jie. They will replace the three astronauts 9 (current) on the Chinese space station, who 10 (send) in October last year and they have been in space for 175 days. They are due to return on April 1. The Tiangong, fully built in October 2022, can accommodate up to six people at a time. 【答案】 1．marking 2．exploration 3．which 4．will remain 5．Since 6．third 7．and 8．accompanied 9．currently 10．were sent 【解析】本文主要介绍了神舟二十号飞船与中国空间站对接的任务情况，以及中国航天事业的发展历程和未来目标。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：周四，一艘载有三名宇航员的飞船与中国空间站对接，这是计划中的机组人员轮换的一部分，标志着中国载人登月和火星探索雄心的又一步进展。句中已有谓语动词linked up，此处应用非谓语动词，空格处动作与前面的主句动作存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，mark的现在分词为marking。 2．考查名词。句意：周四，一艘载有三名宇航员的飞船与中国空间站对接，这是计划中的机组人员轮换的一部分，标志着中国载人登月和火星探索雄心的又一步进展。此处与the moon并列，作介词to的宾语，应用名词形式，explore的名词为exploration，为不可数名词。 3．考查定语从句。句意：中国载人航天工程办公室表示，神舟二十号飞船于当地时间下午5点17分乘坐中国主力运载火箭长征二号F型火箭按计划发射，约6.5小时后抵达天宫空间站。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Shenzhou-20 spaceship，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。 4．考查时态。句意：这艘飞船将留在太空，之后与目前的三名机组人员一起返回。根据后文“before returning with the current three-person crew”以及语境可知，此处表示将来发生的动作，应用一般将来时，其结构为will + 动词原形。 5．考查介词。句意：自2003年首次将人送入太空——成为第三个这样做的国家以来，中国的太空计划稳步推进。根据后文“China’s space program has advanced at a steady pace”可知，此处应用介词Since，意为“自……以来”。 6．考查序数词。句意：自2003年首次将人送入太空——成为第三个这样做的国家以来，中国的太空计划稳步推进。此处表示“第三个国家”，应用序数词，three的序数词为third。故填third。 7．考查连词。句意：中国航天局还在火星上着陆了一个探测器，并在探索较少的月球背面着陆了一个月球车，并且计划在2030年之前将人送上月球。aims和上文has landed是并列的谓语，主语都是The space agency，应用and连接， 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟二十号任务将由陈东指挥，随行的有战斗机飞行员陈中瑞和工程师王洁。句中已有谓语动词will be commanded，此处应用非谓语动词，Chen Dong与accompany之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作伴随状语。 9．考查副词。句意：他们将替换目前在中国空间站上的三名宇航员，这些宇航员于去年10月被送入太空，已经在太空待了175天。此处修饰介词短语on the Chinese space station，应用副词形式，current的副词为currently。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：他们将替换目前在中国空间站上的三名宇航员，这些宇航员于去年10月被送入太空，已经在太空待了175天。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语in October last year可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语who指代the three astronauts，与send之间存在被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were + 动词过去分词，主语为复数，be动词用were。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $