热点话题01 读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》——汲取奋斗的力量（语法填空专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题01 读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》——汲取奋斗的力量 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 On a casual afternoon, I opened an enlightening book called How the Steel Was Tempered written by a writer called Nikolai Ostrovsky. Immediately I was lost in the immortal work. Reading the book was an eye-opening experience for me. As a middle school student, I initially thought this book would be just another historical novel, but it turned out to be so much more.某个闲适的午后，我翻开尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基所著的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。这部不朽之作让我瞬间沉浸其中，阅读过程犹如醍醐灌顶。原本以为这不过是中学历史课本里的普通小说，没想到竟有如此深刻的启示。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202503/1329620.shtml The book How the Steel Was Tempered tells the story about the journey of a young man who is called Pavel Korchagin.  Unfolding slowly was a story in which Pavel constantly challenges adversity. His childhood planted the seed of struggling against challenges in life that would help him overcome his physical limitations later in life. Afterwards Pavel engages in a flood of social changes. Despite the cruelty of the war, Pavel forges his belief that establishing a socialist country leads to a bright prospect and overcomes all the tough occurrences with the spirit of steel. In his later life, had Pavel not been iron-willed, he wouldn't have successfully snatched back his life from the hands of disease, let alone fight a literary battle with a pen.  The book is like a powerful lesson in resilience, determination, and the human spirit. Through the life of the protagonist, I learned that life's challenges are like the fire and hammer that forge steel - shaping us into stronger, more resilient individuals. One of the most striking aspects of the book is Pavel's unwavering perseverance. Despite facing countless hardships - poverty, war, illness, and betrayal - he never gives up. As a student, I often feel overwhelmed by schoolwork, exams, and extracurricular activities. But Pavel's story reminded me that challenges are not meant to break us; they are meant to build us. His determination to fight for his ideals, even when his body was failing him, inspired me to push through my own difficulties.  Whenever I feel like giving up, I think of Pavel and remind myself that perseverance is the key to success. This is the reason why I say the book is not just a historical novel, but a guidebook to one's life.  【原创·语法填空】(280words) The book How the Steel Was Tempered tells the story about the journey of a young man who 1.________（call） Pavel Korchagin.  Unfolding slowly was a story in which Pavel 2.________（constant） challenges adversity. His childhood planted the seed of struggling against challenges in life that would help him overcome his physical limitations later in life. Afterwards Pavel engages in a flood of social changes. Despite the cruelty of the war, Pavel forges his belief that 3.________（establish） a socialist country leads to a bright prospect and overcomes all the tough occurrences with the spirit of steel. In his later life, had Pavel not been iron-willed, he wouldn't have successfully snatched back his life from the hands of disease, let alone fight a literary battle with a pen.  The book is like a powerful lesson in resilience, 4.________（determine）, and the human spirit. Through the life of the protagonist, I learned that life's challenges are like the fire and hammer that forge steel - shaping us into 5.________（strong）, more resilient individuals. One of the most striking aspects of the book is Pavel's unwavering perseverance. Despite facing countless hardships - poverty, war, illness, and betrayal - he never gives up. 6.________ a student, I often feel overwhelmed by schoolwork, exams, and extracurricular activities. But Pavel's story reminded me that challenges are not meant 7.________（break） us; they are meant to build us. His determination to fight for his ideals, even when his body was failing him, inspired me to push through my own difficulties.  Whenever I feel like giving up, I think of Pavel and remind 8.________（I） that perseverance is the key to success. This is the reason 9.________ I say the book is not just a historical novel,10.________ a guidebook to one's life.  【课标词汇积累】 1.Unfold vt.& vi.展开，打开; vt.摊开, 展现，披露; vi.逐渐显露, 开展，发展 As the new semester unfolds, our literature teacher assigned an in-depth analysis of Shakespeare's sonnets which requires collaborative research. (随着新学期展开，语文老师布置了需要小组合作的莎士比亚十四行诗深度分析作业) 2.adversity n.困境，逆境 School clubs teach us how to transform adversity into opportunities through debate competitions and science fairs. (社团活动通过辩论赛和科技展教会我们将逆境转化为机遇) 3.limitation n.限制, 局限, 极限, 起限制作用的规则（或事实、条件） The 800-word limitation in our essay contest actually enhanced my ability to express ideas concisely. (作文比赛800字限制反而提升了我精简表达的能力) 4.resilience n.弹性, 弹力, 快速恢复的能力, 回弹 Building academic resilience involves analyzing mistakes in mock tests rather than just feeling discouraged. (培养学习韧性需要分析模拟考试错误而非止步于沮丧) 5.perseverance n.毅力 , 韧性, 不屈不挠的精神 Three months of perseverance in practicing past papers resulted in a 30% improvement in my physics scores. (坚持刷题三个月使我的物理成绩提高了30%) 6.unwavering adj.不动摇的，坚定的 With unwavering concentration, the debate team captain countered all opposing arguments effectively. (辩论队长以全神贯注的状态有效反驳了所有反对观点) 7.overwhelm v.使不知所措，使难以承受, 淹没, 征服，压倒，击败 The overwhelming workload before finals requires strategic time management and prioritization skills. (期末前繁重的课业需要策略性时间管理和任务分级能力) 8.historical adj.（有关）历史的，史学的, 基于史实的，历史题材的 The historical significance of the May Fourth Movement was emphasized in multiple subject classes. (五四运动的历史意义在多个学科课堂中被重点强调) 9.extracurricular adj.学校课程以外的, 课外 Balancing extracurricular activities like model UN with academic studies cultivates time management skills. (模联等课外活动与学业的平衡培养时间管理能力) 10.determination n.决心, 决定, 查明 Her determination to improve English speaking led to recording daily vlogs and joining the drama club. (提升英语口语的决心使她坚持录制每日视频日志并加入戏剧社) 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The solution to this complex math problem gradually _____________ when I applied the quadratic formula methodically. (当我系统地运用二次方程式时，这道数学难题的解法逐渐清晰) 2.Facing the _____________ of failing the midterm exam, Li Hua developed a detailed revision schedule with his tutor's guidance. (面对期中考试失利困境，李华在导师帮助下制定了详细复习计划) 3.Recognizing the _____________ of rote memorization, our study group now focuses on conceptual understanding. (认识到死记硬背的局限性，我们学习小组开始注重概念理解) 4.Demonstrating remarkable _____________, the basketball team overcame a 15-point deficit to win the inter-school championship. (展现惊人韧性，篮球队在落后15分情况下逆转赢得校际冠军) 5.The robotics club's _____________ through 12 prototype failures finally earned them national recognition. (机器人社团历经12次原型机失败后终获国家级奖项) 6.Our headmaster maintains _____________ commitment to the "no cellphone" policy during study hours. (校长对学习时间禁用手机的规定保持坚定立场) 7.Feeling _____________ by college applications, Zhang Ming sought advice from the school's career counselor. (因大学申请压力过大，张明向学校职业顾问寻求帮助) 8.Our history field trip to the museum provided _____________ context for the Industrial Revolution chapter. (博物馆历史研学活动为工业革命章节提供了背景知识) 9.Selective participation in meaningful _____________ strengthens university applications more than random involvement. (有选择地参加优质课外活动比盲目参与更有利大学申请) 10.With fierce _____________, the science Olympiad team practiced daily until midnight before the national competition. (怀着强烈决心，奥赛队在全国赛前每天练习到深夜) 【参考译文】 《钢铁是怎样炼成的》讲述了青年帕维尔·科尔恰金的成长历程。 这个故事以缓慢的节奏展开，主人公始终在逆境中寻找突破。童年经历播下的抗争种子，最终帮助他克服了身体上的局限。 在经历社会剧变后，尽管战争残酷无情，帕维尔仍坚信社会主义国家的建立将带来光明前景，以钢铁般的意志战胜了重重困境。若非钢铁般的意志，他既无法从病魔手中夺回生命，更不可能执笔投身文学创作。 这本书堪称关于坚韧、毅力与人类精神的生动教科书。通过主人公的传奇人生，我领悟到：生活中的种种挑战犹如锻造钢铁的烈火与铁锤，将我们锤炼成更强大、更坚韧的个体。 书中最令人震撼的，当属帕维尔那永不言弃的执着。纵使历经贫困、战争、疾病与背叛的重重磨难，他始终未曾放弃。作为学生，我常被繁重的课业、考试和课外活动压得喘不过气。但帕维尔的故事让我明白：挑战本不该击垮我们，而应成为铸就我们的熔炉。即便身体日渐衰弱，他仍为理想而战的信念，激励着我突破自我。 每当想要放弃时，我总会想起帕维尔，提醒自己：坚持就是成功的关键。正因如此，我认为这本书不仅是历史小说，更是人生指南。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 Are you an over thinker? Unable to make a decision even after over analysing data in enormous spreadsheets? Feeling stuck and anxious imagining countless what-if scenarios, like what if my data doesn’t pass the check, or what would happen if I lose my job? Based on more than 365 interviews with over thinkers, Lison Mage uncovers and challenges the three misconceptions of overthinking that hold you back from reaching your full potential, in your career and relationships. Backing up her findings with psychological studies and behavioural sciences, Act Before You over Think offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt and perfectionism. Act Before You over Think by Lison Mage critically examines the overlooked and widespread practice of overthinking in nine chapters that explode the three core misconceptions connected to overthinking. The first section of the book explains overthinking, providing detailed situational and behavioral examples. Additionally, it defines what is not considered to be overthinking. Next Mage gives us many examples of overthinking which she categorizes as toxic (有毒的) behavior that is comparable to a mental disorder. One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated (产生共鸣) with me was “He who conceal (隐瞒) his disease cannot expect to be cured.” It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or avoidance would worsen them. The readers can look forward to a wealth of shared narratives and scientific explanations that reflect on the psychology of action and inaction among humans. Each chapter examines an issue related to overthinking. Next, it suggests how the problem can be resolved or prevented and sums up the key points. Mage is passionate about her message and her earnest tone arrests readers’ interest. The book is ideally suited to persons wanting to act responsibly and with less hesitation. Don’t wait any longer to get out of your own way! It’s time to liberate your mind, improve your decisions, and gift the world your best self. 1．What does the underlined word “scenarios” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Expectations. B．Assumptions. C．Actions. D．Methods. 2．What is a feature of Act Before You over Think? A．It uses motivational storytelling. B．It targets academic researchers. C．It provides practical strategies. D．It is packed with abstract theory. 3．Why does the author mention an Ethiopian saying in paragraph 5? A．To stress admitting problems first. B．To explain the true reason for inaction. C．To link overthinking to physical illness. D．To compare culture difference on overthinking. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book. B．To clarify the definition of overthinking. C．To honor an outstanding psychology expert. D．To give a brief account of improving our minds. Passage2阅读理解 （2026·河南省百所名校开学）There’s an old folk saying: Be careful not to keep an ugly expression on your face, for if the wind changes, your features might set that way, leaving you stuck with that unpleasant look and mood forever. Whoever those “old wives” were, they might have been onto something. It seems that the attitudes we hold and the faces we show to others are closely linked to the kind of person we ultimately become on the inside. Olga Khazan, a staff writer at The Atlantic, argues that what we perceive as “personality” isn’t fixed or inborn; instead, it’s a mix of habitual behaviors and attitudes. In this sense, personality is subject to reshaping by the will. In Me, But Better, Ms. Khazan describes her attempts to modify elements of her own personality by adjusting the so-called big-five qualities: openness, responsibility, extroversion(外向), agreeableness and emotional management. Ms. Khazan’s goal is to transform herself, over the course of one year, from a disagreeable introvert into a sunny, lively extrovert. To fight against overwhelming anxiety, she forces herself to take risks in the free-for-all of improvisational(即兴的) comedy. To overcome a history of being a buzzkill, she sets about throwing parties, writes down funny stories to share, stocks up on board games to keep the mood light, and even practices responding to jokes with genuine laughter instead of a half-hearted smile, determined not to let her usual pessimism dampen the mood. Suffering from the awareness that she has long been an unreliable friend, she downloads apps that help her meet strangers with whom she might develop a lasting bond. She joins Zoom sessions for anger management. She practices mindfulness. She feeds the homeless. While exploring “the science and promise of personality change”, as the book’s subtitle has it, the author is humorously open about her sometimes embarrassing efforts to overcome her many shortcomings. Her straightforwardness has the effect of getting readers on her side. We’re rooting for her and, to be honest, we’re rooting for ourselves, too. If someone overly anxious like Ms. Khazan can become calmer, who among us cannot? 5．What message does the old folk saying deliver? A．Our face often mirrors our attitude. B．Outer expressions can shape inner character. C．Others’ opinions reflect how we feel inside. D．Changing weather may influence our moods. 6．What does Khazan’s book mainly focus on? A．Five qualities of human personality. B．The power of behavior and attitudes. C．The guidelines on becoming ambitious. D．A practical journey of self-improvement. 7．What does the underlined word “buzzkill” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Someone fearing loneliness. B．Someone lacking assistance. C．Someone ruining the enjoyment. D．Someone changing his mind easily. 8．How does Khazan’s example impact the readers? A．It brings them hope. B．It raises their doubt. C．It discourages them from trying. D．It helps them admit weaknesses. Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great books are plentiful, but only a few achieve the status of classics. 1 Typically, classic works share several defining characteristics, which help them stay meaningful through generations and across cultures. A memorable main character is essential. Classic novels often feature heroes/ heroines with vivid and distinct personalities. By absorbing ourselves in their experiences, we become emotionally invested, and this connection makes the story world come alive in our mind. Characters like Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings serve as readers’ eyes and ears, allowing us to gain a more authentic understanding of their world. 2 Classical literature invites multiple readings. With each encounter, new depths are revealed. 3 The forever charm refreshes each repeated reading. Each revisiting offers a fresh idea, allowing readers to discover new layers of meaning as they grow and change. 4 They continue to attract modern audiences regardless of when they were written. Shakespeare’s plays, for example, were published in the 16th and 17th centuries, yet they remain influential and charming today. Their everlasting appeal lies in the universal nature of the themes they explore, whether it’s love, ambition, or the struggle for power. In conclusion, what is said above sets classics apart from other works. 5 Classics are essential to our cultural identity and will continue to influence a wider world in the future because they teach us valuable lessons about what it means to be human. A．True classics stand the test of time. B．Works by Shakespeare are famous and timeless. C．They are the windows for us to see the story unfold. D．It also makes them a vital part of our literary heritage. E．Reading classic literature contributes to personal growth. F．A book must achieve excellence to be recognized as a classic. G．Reading classics at different stages of life inspires new thoughts. Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When my mother told me stories about Emily, her grandmother, who she admired, I was all ears. My mother drew a 1 between Emily and Jacqueline Kennedy, former US president’s wife. Mom described her 2 features: a long graceful neck and a tiny waist. “Emily was just like Jacqueline,” Mom said. “But their origins wouldn’t 3 : Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.” Emily attracted me. Not until 2005 did my research on ancestry really start to 4 , for the reason that I was no longer 5 . “When does your new job start?” asked my mother. “I refuse to take a job for at least a year,” I replied. My mother had no 6 with such words. “Anyway, you should have a job.” I remained 7 and didn’t explain it. But I felt I must 8 my job to collect more stories about my 9 . I 10 my mother’s line to a place called Cane River. I found the bill of shameful slave sale for my great-great-great grandmother, who was 11 in 1850 for $ 800. I had to write the stories. This time the novel Cane River was sold in a（n） 12 way. One day, the phone rang, “Hello, this is Oprah Winfrey, the talk show hostess.” I couldn’t believe my ears. I responded in 13 , “Hello, Ms Winfrey. What can I do for you today?” She told me she selected my novel for her book club, which 14 led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a 15 readership than I expected. 1．A．parallel B．diagram C．picture D．symbol 2．A．moral B．physical C．mental D．psychological 3．A．change B．repeat C．fit D．work 4．A．fall through B．heat up C．get across D．fade away 5．A．supported B．believed C．employed D．limited 6．A．luck B．problem C．alternative D．patience 7．A．angry B．sad C．silent D．active 8．A．leave B．accept C．choose D．introduce 9．A．colleagues B．ancestors C．partners D．kids 10．A．followed B．imagined C．recited D．directed 11．A．hired B．fined C．profited D．sold 12．A．embarrassing B．glorious C．improper D．identical 13．A．horror B．difficulty C．advance D．surprise 14．A．finally B．approximately C．rarely D．potentially 15．A．smaller B．stricter C．broader D．worse Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·云南省曲靖市第一中学期中） Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details about characters 1 advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a preparation of eggplant called qiexiang(茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires 2 (day) to prepare involving steaming eggplant ten times in soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, and later, with terrible discomfort in stomachs. The novel provides ample 3 (inspire) to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts 4 (recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style. While most foods 5 (serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients 6 (prize) because they are in season. A relative 7 brags (吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say. Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from 8 (it) many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it 9 an engaging story. The same can also be said about the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine 10 text for historical clues, or seek double meanings in every “bite”. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题01 读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》——汲取奋斗的力量 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 On a casual afternoon, I opened an enlightening book called How the Steel Was Tempered written by a writer called Nikolai Ostrovsky. Immediately I was lost in the immortal work. Reading the book was an eye-opening experience for me. As a middle school student, I initially thought this book would be just another historical novel, but it turned out to be so much more.某个闲适的午后，我翻开尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基所著的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。这部不朽之作让我瞬间沉浸其中，阅读过程犹如醍醐灌顶。原本以为这不过是中学历史课本里的普通小说，没想到竟有如此深刻的启示。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202503/1329620.shtml The book How the Steel Was Tempered tells the story about the journey of a young man who is called Pavel Korchagin.  Unfolding slowly was a story in which Pavel constantly challenges adversity. His childhood planted the seed of struggling against challenges in life that would help him overcome his physical limitations later in life. Afterwards Pavel engages in a flood of social changes. Despite the cruelty of the war, Pavel forges his belief that establishing a socialist country leads to a bright prospect and overcomes all the tough occurrences with the spirit of steel. In his later life, had Pavel not been iron-willed, he wouldn't have successfully snatched back his life from the hands of disease, let alone fight a literary battle with a pen.  The book is like a powerful lesson in resilience, determination, and the human spirit. Through the life of the protagonist, I learned that life's challenges are like the fire and hammer that forge steel - shaping us into stronger, more resilient individuals. One of the most striking aspects of the book is Pavel's unwavering perseverance. Despite facing countless hardships - poverty, war, illness, and betrayal - he never gives up. As a student, I often feel overwhelmed by schoolwork, exams, and extracurricular activities. But Pavel's story reminded me that challenges are not meant to break us; they are meant to build us. His determination to fight for his ideals, even when his body was failing him, inspired me to push through my own difficulties.  Whenever I feel like giving up, I think of Pavel and remind myself that perseverance is the key to success. This is the reason why I say the book is not just a historical novel, but a guidebook to one's life.  【原创·语法填空】(280words) The book How the Steel Was Tempered tells the story about the journey of a young man who 1.________（call） Pavel Korchagin.  Unfolding slowly was a story in which Pavel 2.________（constant） challenges adversity. His childhood planted the seed of struggling against challenges in life that would help him overcome his physical limitations later in life. Afterwards Pavel engages in a flood of social changes. Despite the cruelty of the war, Pavel forges his belief that 3.________（establish） a socialist country leads to a bright prospect and overcomes all the tough occurrences with the spirit of steel. In his later life, had Pavel not been iron-willed, he wouldn't have successfully snatched back his life from the hands of disease, let alone fight a literary battle with a pen.  The book is like a powerful lesson in resilience, 4.________（determine）, and the human spirit. Through the life of the protagonist, I learned that life's challenges are like the fire and hammer that forge steel - shaping us into 5.________（strong）, more resilient individuals. One of the most striking aspects of the book is Pavel's unwavering perseverance. Despite facing countless hardships - poverty, war, illness, and betrayal - he never gives up. 6.________ a student, I often feel overwhelmed by schoolwork, exams, and extracurricular activities. But Pavel's story reminded me that challenges are not meant 7.________（break） us; they are meant to build us. His determination to fight for his ideals, even when his body was failing him, inspired me to push through my own difficulties.  Whenever I feel like giving up, I think of Pavel and remind 8.________（I） that perseverance is the key to success. This is the reason 9.________ I say the book is not just a historical novel,10.________ a guidebook to one's life.  【答案】1.is called 2.constantly 3.establishing 4.determination 5.stronger 6.As 7.to break 8.myself 9.why 10.but 【解析】 1.is called考查被动语态。《钢铁是怎样炼成的》讲述了青年帕维尔·科尔恰金的成长历程。此处指被称作，故用被动语态。故填is called。 2.constantly考查词形转换。这个故事以缓慢的节奏展开，主人公始终在逆境中寻找突破。修饰动词challenges用副词形式。故填constantly。 3.establishing考查动名词。帕维尔仍坚信社会主义国家的建立将带来光明前景，以钢铁般的意志战胜了重重困境。此处是动名词短语作主语。 故填establishing。 4.determination考查词形转换。这本书堪称关于坚韧、毅力与人类精神的生动教科书。根据后面的and可知，此处用名词形式。故填determination。 5.stronger考查比较级。生活中的种种挑战犹如锻造钢铁的烈火与铁锤，将我们锤炼成更强大、更坚韧的个体。根据后面的more resilient individuals可知，此处用比较级。故填stronger。 6.As考查介词的用法。作为学生，我常被繁重的课业、考试和课外活动压得喘不过气。根据句意此处是作为的意思。故填As。 7.to break考查不定式。挑战本不该击垮我们，而应成为铸就我们的熔炉。 此处是mean to do形式的被动形式。故填to break。 8.myself考查代词的用法。 每当想要放弃时，我总会想起帕维尔，提醒自己：坚持就是成功的关键。根据句意可知，此处用反身代词，故填myself。 9.why考查定语从句。正因如此，我认为这本书不仅是历史小说，更是人生指南。此处如reason是先行词，其在定语从句中作状语。故填why。 10.but考查并列连词。正因如此，我认为这本书不仅是历史小说，更是人生指南。此处是not……but……意为：不是……而是……。故填but。 【课标词汇积累】 1.Unfold vt.& vi.展开，打开; vt.摊开, 展现，披露; vi.逐渐显露, 开展，发展 As the new semester unfolds, our literature teacher assigned an in-depth analysis of Shakespeare's sonnets which requires collaborative research. (随着新学期展开，语文老师布置了需要小组合作的莎士比亚十四行诗深度分析作业) 2.adversity n.困境，逆境 School clubs teach us how to transform adversity into opportunities through debate competitions and science fairs. (社团活动通过辩论赛和科技展教会我们将逆境转化为机遇) 3.limitation n.限制, 局限, 极限, 起限制作用的规则（或事实、条件） The 800-word limitation in our essay contest actually enhanced my ability to express ideas concisely. (作文比赛800字限制反而提升了我精简表达的能力) 4.resilience n.弹性, 弹力, 快速恢复的能力, 回弹 Building academic resilience involves analyzing mistakes in mock tests rather than just feeling discouraged. (培养学习韧性需要分析模拟考试错误而非止步于沮丧) 5.perseverance n.毅力 , 韧性, 不屈不挠的精神 Three months of perseverance in practicing past papers resulted in a 30% improvement in my physics scores. (坚持刷题三个月使我的物理成绩提高了30%) 6.unwavering adj.不动摇的，坚定的 With unwavering concentration, the debate team captain countered all opposing arguments effectively. (辩论队长以全神贯注的状态有效反驳了所有反对观点) 7.overwhelm v.使不知所措，使难以承受, 淹没, 征服，压倒，击败 The overwhelming workload before finals requires strategic time management and prioritization skills. (期末前繁重的课业需要策略性时间管理和任务分级能力) 8.historical adj.（有关）历史的，史学的, 基于史实的，历史题材的 The historical significance of the May Fourth Movement was emphasized in multiple subject classes. (五四运动的历史意义在多个学科课堂中被重点强调) 9.extracurricular adj.学校课程以外的, 课外 Balancing extracurricular activities like model UN with academic studies cultivates time management skills. (模联等课外活动与学业的平衡培养时间管理能力) 10.determination n.决心, 决定, 查明 Her determination to improve English speaking led to recording daily vlogs and joining the drama club. (提升英语口语的决心使她坚持录制每日视频日志并加入戏剧社) 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The solution to this complex math problem gradually _____________ when I applied the quadratic formula methodically. (当我系统地运用二次方程式时，这道数学难题的解法逐渐清晰) 2.Facing the _____________ of failing the midterm exam, Li Hua developed a detailed revision schedule with his tutor's guidance. (面对期中考试失利困境，李华在导师帮助下制定了详细复习计划) 3.Recognizing the _____________ of rote memorization, our study group now focuses on conceptual understanding. (认识到死记硬背的局限性，我们学习小组开始注重概念理解) 4.Demonstrating remarkable _____________, the basketball team overcame a 15-point deficit to win the inter-school championship. (展现惊人韧性，篮球队在落后15分情况下逆转赢得校际冠军) 5.The robotics club's _____________ through 12 prototype failures finally earned them national recognition. (机器人社团历经12次原型机失败后终获国家级奖项) 6.Our headmaster maintains _____________ commitment to the "no cellphone" policy during study hours. (校长对学习时间禁用手机的规定保持坚定立场) 7.Feeling _____________ by college applications, Zhang Ming sought advice from the school's career counselor. (因大学申请压力过大，张明向学校职业顾问寻求帮助) 8.Our history field trip to the museum provided _____________ context for the Industrial Revolution chapter. (博物馆历史研学活动为工业革命章节提供了背景知识) 9.Selective participation in meaningful _____________ strengthens university applications more than random involvement. (有选择地参加优质课外活动比盲目参与更有利大学申请) 10.With fierce _____________, the science Olympiad team practiced daily until midnight before the national competition. (怀着强烈决心，奥赛队在全国赛前每天练习到深夜) Keys: 1.unfolded 2.adversity 3.limitation 4.resilience 5.perseverance 6.unwavering 7.overwhelmed 8.historical 9.extracurriculars 10.determination 【参考译文】 《钢铁是怎样炼成的》讲述了青年帕维尔·科尔恰金的成长历程。 这个故事以缓慢的节奏展开，主人公始终在逆境中寻找突破。童年经历播下的抗争种子，最终帮助他克服了身体上的局限。 在经历社会剧变后，尽管战争残酷无情，帕维尔仍坚信社会主义国家的建立将带来光明前景，以钢铁般的意志战胜了重重困境。若非钢铁般的意志，他既无法从病魔手中夺回生命，更不可能执笔投身文学创作。 这本书堪称关于坚韧、毅力与人类精神的生动教科书。通过主人公的传奇人生，我领悟到：生活中的种种挑战犹如锻造钢铁的烈火与铁锤，将我们锤炼成更强大、更坚韧的个体。 书中最令人震撼的，当属帕维尔那永不言弃的执着。纵使历经贫困、战争、疾病与背叛的重重磨难，他始终未曾放弃。作为学生，我常被繁重的课业、考试和课外活动压得喘不过气。但帕维尔的故事让我明白：挑战本不该击垮我们，而应成为铸就我们的熔炉。即便身体日渐衰弱，他仍为理想而战的信念，激励着我突破自我。 每当想要放弃时，我总会想起帕维尔，提醒自己：坚持就是成功的关键。正因如此，我认为这本书不仅是历史小说，更是人生指南。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 Are you an over thinker? Unable to make a decision even after over analysing data in enormous spreadsheets? Feeling stuck and anxious imagining countless what-if scenarios, like what if my data doesn’t pass the check, or what would happen if I lose my job? Based on more than 365 interviews with over thinkers, Lison Mage uncovers and challenges the three misconceptions of overthinking that hold you back from reaching your full potential, in your career and relationships. Backing up her findings with psychological studies and behavioural sciences, Act Before You over Think offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt and perfectionism. Act Before You over Think by Lison Mage critically examines the overlooked and widespread practice of overthinking in nine chapters that explode the three core misconceptions connected to overthinking. The first section of the book explains overthinking, providing detailed situational and behavioral examples. Additionally, it defines what is not considered to be overthinking. Next Mage gives us many examples of overthinking which she categorizes as toxic (有毒的) behavior that is comparable to a mental disorder. One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated (产生共鸣) with me was “He who conceal (隐瞒) his disease cannot expect to be cured.” It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or avoidance would worsen them. The readers can look forward to a wealth of shared narratives and scientific explanations that reflect on the psychology of action and inaction among humans. Each chapter examines an issue related to overthinking. Next, it suggests how the problem can be resolved or prevented and sums up the key points. Mage is passionate about her message and her earnest tone arrests readers’ interest. The book is ideally suited to persons wanting to act responsibly and with less hesitation. Don’t wait any longer to get out of your own way! It’s time to liberate your mind, improve your decisions, and gift the world your best self. 1．What does the underlined word “scenarios” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Expectations. B．Assumptions. C．Actions. D．Methods. 2．What is a feature of Act Before You over Think? A．It uses motivational storytelling. B．It targets academic researchers. C．It provides practical strategies. D．It is packed with abstract theory. 3．Why does the author mention an Ethiopian saying in paragraph 5? A．To stress admitting problems first. B．To explain the true reason for inaction. C．To link overthinking to physical illness. D．To compare culture difference on overthinking. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To recommend a book. B．To clarify the definition of overthinking. C．To honor an outstanding psychology expert. D．To give a brief account of improving our minds. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Lison Mage所写的《先行动，别过度思考》这本书，包括书的内容、特点、引用的谚语以及对读者的意义等。 1．词句猜测题。下文“what if my data doesn’t pass the check, or what would happen if I lose my job?(要是我的数据没有通过检查该怎么办，或者如果我丢了工作会发生什么呢？)”是对 “what-if scenarios”的举例说明，意思是设想一些假如发生某些情况会怎样，由此可知scenarios意思是“设想；假设”，与“Assumptions”意思相符。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Act Before You over Think offers workable plans and tools addressing the different types of overthinking, to break free from stress, self-doubt and perfectionism.(《先行动，别过度思考》提供了应对不同类型过度思考的可行计划和工具，帮助人们摆脱压力、自我怀疑和完美主义。)”可知，这本书的特色是提供了实用的策略。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“One of the quotations from an Ethiopian saying that resonated (产生共鸣) with me was “He who conceal (隐瞒) his disease cannot expect to be cured.” It concludes that open and honest discussion of issues is essential, or avoidance would worsen them.(一句让我产生共鸣的埃塞俄比亚谚语是“隐瞒疾病的人不能指望被治愈”。它得出的结论是，公开和诚实地讨论问题是至关重要的，否则回避只会使问题恶化。)”可知，作者提到这句谚语是为了强调首先要承认问题。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章开篇提出了过度思考的问题，接着介绍了Lison Mage的《先行动，后过度思考》一书，并详细描述了这本书的内容和特色，最后鼓励读者阅读这本书来摆脱过度思考。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本书。故选A。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·河南省百所名校开学）There’s an old folk saying: Be careful not to keep an ugly expression on your face, for if the wind changes, your features might set that way, leaving you stuck with that unpleasant look and mood forever. Whoever those “old wives” were, they might have been onto something. It seems that the attitudes we hold and the faces we show to others are closely linked to the kind of person we ultimately become on the inside. Olga Khazan, a staff writer at The Atlantic, argues that what we perceive as “personality” isn’t fixed or inborn; instead, it’s a mix of habitual behaviors and attitudes. In this sense, personality is subject to reshaping by the will. In Me, But Better, Ms. Khazan describes her attempts to modify elements of her own personality by adjusting the so-called big-five qualities: openness, responsibility, extroversion(外向), agreeableness and emotional management. Ms. Khazan’s goal is to transform herself, over the course of one year, from a disagreeable introvert into a sunny, lively extrovert. To fight against overwhelming anxiety, she forces herself to take risks in the free-for-all of improvisational(即兴的) comedy. To overcome a history of being a buzzkill, she sets about throwing parties, writes down funny stories to share, stocks up on board games to keep the mood light, and even practices responding to jokes with genuine laughter instead of a half-hearted smile, determined not to let her usual pessimism dampen the mood. Suffering from the awareness that she has long been an unreliable friend, she downloads apps that help her meet strangers with whom she might develop a lasting bond. She joins Zoom sessions for anger management. She practices mindfulness. She feeds the homeless. While exploring “the science and promise of personality change”, as the book’s subtitle has it, the author is humorously open about her sometimes embarrassing efforts to overcome her many shortcomings. Her straightforwardness has the effect of getting readers on her side. We’re rooting for her and, to be honest, we’re rooting for ourselves, too. If someone overly anxious like Ms. Khazan can become calmer, who among us cannot? 5．What message does the old folk saying deliver? A．Our face often mirrors our attitude. B．Outer expressions can shape inner character. C．Others’ opinions reflect how we feel inside. D．Changing weather may influence our moods. 6．What does Khazan’s book mainly focus on? A．Five qualities of human personality. B．The power of behavior and attitudes. C．The guidelines on becoming ambitious. D．A practical journey of self-improvement. 7．What does the underlined word “buzzkill” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Someone fearing loneliness. B．Someone lacking assistance. C．Someone ruining the enjoyment. D．Someone changing his mind easily. 8．How does Khazan’s example impact the readers? A．It brings them hope. B．It raises their doubt. C．It discourages them from trying. D．It helps them admit weaknesses. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。《重塑更好的我》一书的作者卡赞女士认为，我们所认为的“个性”并非固定不变或与生俱来的，而是习惯性行为和态度的混合体。她在书中描述了她尝试通过调整人格特质来改变自身个性的过程。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“There’s an old folk saying: Be careful not to keep an ugly expression on your face, for if the wind changes, your features might set that way, leaving you stuck with that unpleasant look and mood forever.(有句古老的民间谚语：别总板着一张难看的脸，万一风向变了，你的表情就可能定格成那样，永远带着那副不快的神情和心情。)”可知，这句谚语表明了外在的表情会影响一个人的内在的情绪，久而久之，就会形成一个人的内在性格。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“In Me, But Better, Ms. Khazan describes her attempts to modify elements of her own personality by adjusting the so-called big-five qualities: openness, responsibility, extroversion(外向), agreeableness and emotional management.(在《重塑更好的我》一书中，卡赞女士描述了她试图通过调整所谓的五大人格特质（开放性、责任心、外向性、亲和性和情绪管理能力）来改变自己性格中某些方面的努力。)”可知，卡赞的书着重描写她自我提升的实践过程。故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段“To overcome a history of being a buzzkill, she sets about throwing parties, writes down funny stories to share, stocks up on board games to keep the mood light, and even practices responding to jokes with genuine laughter instead of a half-hearted smile, determined not to let her usual pessimism dampen the mood.(为了克服自己一贯是一个buzzkill的印象，她开始举办派对，记录下有趣的故事来分享，储备各类益智游戏以保持气氛轻松，甚至练习用真心的笑声而非勉强的微笑来回应笑话，决心不让自己一贯的悲观情绪破坏大家的兴致。)”可知，自己过去应该是一个会让自己的悲观情绪破坏大家兴致的人，故划线词buzzkill指的是“破坏乐趣的人”。故选C。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her straightforwardness has the effect of getting readers on her side. We’re rooting for her and, to be honest, we’re rooting for ourselves, too. If someone overly anxious like Ms. Khazan can become calmer, who among us cannot?(她的坦率让读者都愿意站在她这边。我们支持她，而且说实话，我们也为自己加油鼓劲。如果像卡赞女士这样过度焦虑的人都能变得冷静下来，我们当中又有谁做不到呢？)”可知，卡赞的事例使读者们相信自己都能够像她一样不再焦虑，冷静下来，可见她给人们带来了希望。故选A。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great books are plentiful, but only a few achieve the status of classics. 1 Typically, classic works share several defining characteristics, which help them stay meaningful through generations and across cultures. A memorable main character is essential. Classic novels often feature heroes/ heroines with vivid and distinct personalities. By absorbing ourselves in their experiences, we become emotionally invested, and this connection makes the story world come alive in our mind. Characters like Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings serve as readers’ eyes and ears, allowing us to gain a more authentic understanding of their world. 2 Classical literature invites multiple readings. With each encounter, new depths are revealed. 3 The forever charm refreshes each repeated reading. Each revisiting offers a fresh idea, allowing readers to discover new layers of meaning as they grow and change. 4 They continue to attract modern audiences regardless of when they were written. Shakespeare’s plays, for example, were published in the 16th and 17th centuries, yet they remain influential and charming today. Their everlasting appeal lies in the universal nature of the themes they explore, whether it’s love, ambition, or the struggle for power. In conclusion, what is said above sets classics apart from other works. 5 Classics are essential to our cultural identity and will continue to influence a wider world in the future because they teach us valuable lessons about what it means to be human. A．True classics stand the test of time. B．Works by Shakespeare are famous and timeless. C．They are the windows for us to see the story unfold. D．It also makes them a vital part of our literary heritage. E．Reading classic literature contributes to personal growth. F．A book must achieve excellence to be recognized as a classic. G．Reading classics at different stages of life inspires new thoughts. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．G 4．A 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了经典作品的特点及其为何能够跨越时代和文化保持其意义。作者通过列举经典作品通常具有的几个定义性特征，如令人难忘的主角、多重解读的可能性、经得起时间的考验等，来阐述经典作品之所以成为经典的原因。 1．根据上文“Great books are plentiful, but only a few achieve the status of classics.(伟大的书籍数量众多，但只有少数能够达到经典的地位。)”可知，只有少数书能成为经典。选项F“A book must achieve excellence to be recognized as a classic.(一本书必须达到卓越的水准才能被公认为经典之作。)”延续上文内容，解释了什么样的书才能被视为经典，符合语境。故选F。 2．根据上文“Characters like Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice and Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings serve as readers’ eyes and ears, allowing us to gain a more authentic understanding of their world.(像《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白・班内特和《指环王》中的佛罗多・巴金斯这样的角色，充当了读者的耳目，使我们能够更真切地了解他们所处的世界。)”可知，上文提到经典小说中的角色如伊丽莎白・班纳特和弗罗多・巴金斯等，作为读者的眼睛和耳朵，让我们更真实地了解他们的世界。选项C“They are the windows for us to see the story unfold.(他们是我们看到故事展开的窗口。)”进一步解释了这些角色的作用，与上文衔接紧密。故选C。 3．根据上文“Classical literature invites multiple readings. With each encounter, new depths are revealed.(经典文学作品值得反复阅读。每读一次，都会揭示出新的深度。)”可知，经典文学值得反复阅读，每次阅读都会有新的发现。选项G“Reading classics at different stages of life inspires new thoughts.(在人生的不同阶段阅读经典会激发新的思考。)”具体说明了在不同阶段阅读经典的好处，与上文“With each encounter, new depths are revealed.”相呼应。故选G。 4．根据下文“They continue to attract modern audiences regardless of when they were written. Shakespeare’s plays, for example, were published in the 16th and 17th centuries, yet they remain influential and charming today.(真正的经典经得起时间的考验。无论它们创作于何时，都能持续吸引现代读者。例如，莎士比亚的戏剧创作于16世纪和17世纪，但至今仍然具有影响力且魅力不减。)”可知，下文以莎士比亚的戏剧为例，说明经典作品无论何时创作，都能吸引现代观众，具有永恒的魅力。选项A“True classics stand the test of time.(真正的经典经得起时间的考验)”能够概括该段主旨，引出下文的例子。故选A。 5．根据上文“In conclusion, what is said above sets classics apart from other works.(总之，以上所述使经典作品有别于其他作品。)”可知，上文总结了经典作品的特点。选项D“It also makes them a vital part of our literary heritage.(这也使它们成为我们文学遗产的重要组成部分。)”进一步说明了这些特点的意义，符合语境，强调了经典作品在文化中的重要地位。故选D。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When my mother told me stories about Emily, her grandmother, who she admired, I was all ears. My mother drew a 1 between Emily and Jacqueline Kennedy, former US president’s wife. Mom described her 2 features: a long graceful neck and a tiny waist. “Emily was just like Jacqueline,” Mom said. “But their origins wouldn’t 3 : Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.” Emily attracted me. Not until 2005 did my research on ancestry really start to 4 , for the reason that I was no longer 5 . “When does your new job start?” asked my mother. “I refuse to take a job for at least a year,” I replied. My mother had no 6 with such words. “Anyway, you should have a job.” I remained 7 and didn’t explain it. But I felt I must 8 my job to collect more stories about my 9 . I 10 my mother’s line to a place called Cane River. I found the bill of shameful slave sale for my great-great-great grandmother, who was 11 in 1850 for $ 800. I had to write the stories. This time the novel Cane River was sold in a（n） 12 way. One day, the phone rang, “Hello, this is Oprah Winfrey, the talk show hostess.” I couldn’t believe my ears. I responded in 13 , “Hello, Ms Winfrey. What can I do for you today?” She told me she selected my novel for her book club, which 14 led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a 15 readership than I expected. 1．A．parallel B．diagram C．picture D．symbol 2．A．moral B．physical C．mental D．psychological 3．A．change B．repeat C．fit D．work 4．A．fall through B．heat up C．get across D．fade away 5．A．supported B．believed C．employed D．limited 6．A．luck B．problem C．alternative D．patience 7．A．angry B．sad C．silent D．active 8．A．leave B．accept C．choose D．introduce 9．A．colleagues B．ancestors C．partners D．kids 10．A．followed B．imagined C．recited D．directed 11．A．hired B．fined C．profited D．sold 12．A．embarrassing B．glorious C．improper D．identical 13．A．horror B．difficulty C．advance D．surprise 14．A．finally B．approximately C．rarely D．potentially 15．A．smaller B．stricter C．broader D．worse 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。对家族史的好奇驱使作者不顾一切地前去探寻，最终完成了《凯恩河》这部小说，且成为畅销书。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲把Emily和美国前总统夫人Jacqueline Kennedy相提并论。A. parallel相似特征；B. diagram图表；C. picture图画；D. symbol符号。根据后文母亲所说“Emily was just like Jacqueline”可知，母亲在她的祖母Emily和前第一夫人的Jacqueline Kennedy之间找到了相似点，draw a parallel“找到相似点；相提并论”。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：妈妈描述她的身体特征：长而优雅的脖子和细细的腰。A. moral道德的；B. physical身体的；C. mental智力的；D. psychological心理的。根据后文“a long graceful neck and a tiny waist”可知，母亲描述她的身体特征。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但他们的出身并不一样：艾米丽举止优雅，说话轻声细语，但可能生来就是奴隶。”A. change变化；B. repeat重复；C. fit适合，一致；D. work工作。根据常识以及后文“Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.”可知，Emily与Jacqueline Kennedy的出身并不一样。故选C项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：直到2005年，我对祖先的研究才真正开始升温，原因是我失业了。A. fall through落空，失败；B. heat up加热，升温；C. get across把……弄清楚；D. fade away逐渐变暗。根据前文“Emily attracted me.”以及后文“But I felt I must 　　　　 my job to collect more stories about my 　　　　.”可知，Emily吸引了作者，使作者想要收集更多的故事，因此推断，作者对祖先的研究开始升温。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到2005年，我对祖先的研究才真正开始升温，原因是我失业了。A. supported被支持；B. believed被相信；C. employed被雇用；D. limited被限制。根据后文母亲所问“When does your new job start?”可知，作者失业了，不再被雇佣。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲对这样的话没有耐心。A. luck运气；B. problem问题；C. alternative备选方案；D. patience耐心。根据后文母亲所说“Anyway, you should have a job.”可知，母亲对作者所说“I refuse to take a job for at least a year”，不赞同，没耐心去理解作者的意图。故选D项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我保持沉默，也没有解释。A. angry生气的；B. sad伤心的；C. silent沉默的；D. active积极的。根据后文“and didn’t explain it”可知，作者没有解释和争吵，而是保持沉默。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我觉得我必须离开我的工作去收集更多关于我祖先的故事。A. leave离开；B. accept接受；C. choose选择；D. introduce介绍。基于前文分析可知，祖先Emily的故事引起作者的兴趣，她失去工作而不想马上找工作，所以，此处指作者想要离开工作，去收集有关祖先的故事。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我觉得我必须离开我的工作去收集更多关于我祖先的故事。A. colleagues同事；B. ancestors祖先；C. partners伙伴；D. kids孩子。基于前文分析可知，祖先Emily的故事引起作者的兴趣，根据前文“my research on ancestry”可以推断，作者想要离开工作，去收集有关祖先的故事。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着我母亲的路线来到了一个叫凯恩河的地方。A. followed跟随；B. imagined想象；C. recited背诵；D. directed导演。根据后文“my mother’s line to a place called Cane River”可知，作者追随着母亲的路线进行实地探访。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现了我曾曾曾祖母可耻的奴隶买卖法案，她在1850年以800美元的价格被卖掉。A. hired雇用；B. fined罚款；C. profited获益；D. sold出售。根据历史常识和前文“the bill of shameful slave sale”及后文“for $ 800”可知，作者的祖先作为奴隶被贩卖。故选D项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次小说《凯恩河》卖得很好。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. glorious值得称道的，极好的；C. improper不诚实的，不正当的；D. identical相同的。根据后文“She told me she selected my novel for her book club, which 　　　　 led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a 　　　　 readership than I expected.”可知，作者的小说卖的很好。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我惊讶地回答道：“你好，Winfrey女士……” A. horror恐怖；B. difficulty困难；C. advance前进；D. surprise惊讶，惊喜。根据前文“I couldn’t believe my ears.”可知，作者很惊讶。故选D项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她把我的小说选进了她的读书俱乐部，这最终使《凯恩河》登上了《纽约时报》的畅销书排行榜，读者比我想象的要多。A. finally最后；B. approximately大概；C. rarely很少；D. potentially潜在地。根据前文“She told me she selected my novel for her book club”以及后文“led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list”可知，这是最终的结果。故选A项。 15．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她把我的小说选进了她的读书俱乐部，这最终使《凯恩河》登上了《纽约时报》的畅销书排行榜，读者比我想象的要多。A. smaller更小的；B. stricter更严格的；C. broader更广泛的；D. worse更糟的。根据前文“led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list”可知，读者比作者想象的要更多（更广泛）。故选C项。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·云南省曲靖市第一中学期中） Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details about characters 1 advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a preparation of eggplant called qiexiang(茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires 2 (day) to prepare involving steaming eggplant ten times in soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, and later, with terrible discomfort in stomachs. The novel provides ample 3 (inspire) to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts 4 (recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style. While most foods 5 (serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients 6 (prize) because they are in season. A relative 7 brags (吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say. Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from 8 (it) many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it 9 an engaging story. The same can also be said about the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine 10 text for historical clues, or seek double meanings in every “bite”. 【答案】 1．and 2．days 3．inspiration 4．to recreate 5．served 6．are prized 7．who/that 8．its 9．as 10．the 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过分析《红楼梦》中饮食描写的作用，如刻画人物、推动情节、反映文化，说明其在文学和烹饪领域的持久影响力。 1．考查连词。句意：在这部18世纪的小说中，食物是故事的关键部分，它揭示了人物的细节并推动了情节的发展。空前“revealing details about characters”和空后 “advancing the plot”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接两个并列的现在分词短语作状语。故填and。 2．考查名词的数。句意：这本书中最为著名的菜肴是“茄鲞”，这是一种用茄子制作的美食，这道菜味道浓郁，其制作过程需要数天时间，包括将茄子多次放入由老母鸡熬制的汤中蒸煮。此空在句中作动词requires宾语，表示“需要数天时间准备”，day“一天，一日”为可数名词，用复数形式days表泛指“多天”，符合“茄鲞制作复杂”的语境。故填days。 3．考查名词。句意：这部小说为当今的厨师们提供了丰富的灵感。作动词provides宾语，填名词inspiration“灵感”，为不可数名词。故填inspiration。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：美食博主们纷纷尝试重现该书中最著名的菜肴，迅速在网络上走红。句中attempts为名词，固定搭配“attempts to do sth”，表示“做……的尝试”，用不定式作后置定语修饰名词attempts。故填to recreate。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然小说中所呈现的大多数食物都是经过高超工艺制作而成的，但它们所使用的原料却只有几种简单的时令食材。While引导的状语从句中已有谓语动词are made，serve在句中作非谓语动词，名词most foods与serve是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填served。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在中国饮食文化中，普通食材因应季而备受珍视。prize在句中作谓语动词，此句陈述客观事实，主语humble ingredients与动词prize是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，故填are prized。 7．考查定语从句。句意：一位曾吹嘘自己能吃到反季节食物的亲戚，后来被发现有着极其危险的暴戾脾气。此空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A relative，指人，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，此定语从句用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 8．考查物主代词。句意：与所有伟大的文学作品一样，《红楼梦》之所以能经久不衰，广受喜爱，源于其丰富的多重意蕴。修饰名词短语“many layers of meaning”作定语，用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 9．考查介词。句意：读者可以将其当作一个引人入胜的故事来品读。用介词as“作为”，构成介宾结构，表达“作为一个引人入胜的故事”。故填as。 10．考查冠词。句意：当我们阅读时，既可以品味烹饪艺术之精妙，挖掘文字背后的历史线索，也能在字里行间品味出“每咬一口”的双关意趣。分析语境可知，text特指前文提到的《红楼梦》文本，需用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $