热点话题01 重返月球——阿尔忒弥斯二号载人飞行（语法填空专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题01重返月球—阿尔忒弥斯二号载人飞行 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 NASA is preparing for a historic space launch that could take astronauts around the moon for the first time since 1972. The flight, called Artemis II, is a key step in NASA’s plan to return to the moon. 美国国家航空航天局（NASA）正筹备一项具有历史意义的太空发射任务，这将是自1972年以来首次载人绕月飞行。此次名为‘阿尔忒弥斯二号’的发射任务，是NASA重返月球计划的关键步骤。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2026/04/01/artemis-ii-first-moon-mission-with-astronauts-in-50-years/ The Artemis II mission will be the first time astronauts have been launched into space on NASA’s powerful new Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. The rocket, which is over 322 feet (100 meters) tall, will carry an Orion spacecraft with four astronauts on board. The four astronauts taking part in the Artemis II mission are NASA’s Reid Wiseman, Christina Koch, and Victor Glover, along with the Canadian Space Agency’s Jeremy Hansen. If the mission goes as planned, it will be the first time a woman (Ms. Koch), a person of color (Mr. Glover), and a non-American (Mr. Hanson) have gone around the moon. The SLS rocket is designed to boost the Orion capsule into orbit around the Earth. This will allow the astronauts to test important spacecraft systems, like those for life support, communication, and controlling the spacecraft. If all systems are working well, the astronauts will use Orion’s “thrusters” to send it on a curving trip that will loop around the moon. The path that the spacecraft will take around the Earth and Moon will look a little bit like the number “8”. The mission will take about 10 days, and the trip will cover over 230,000 miles (370,000 kilometers). At the farthest, Orion is expected to travel 4,700 miles (7,600 kilometers) beyond the moon. That’s farther from Earth than any astronauts have traveled before. For a short period, as it passes behind the moon, Orion will be out of contact with NASA. The Artemis II mission is designed to test out the spacecraft and its systems. If the mission is successful, it will pave the way for future missions which will land on the moon, possibly as early as 2028. 【原创·语法填空】(288words) The Artemis II mission will be the first time astronauts have been launched into space on NASA’s powerful new Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. The rocket, 1._______ is over 322 feet (100 meters) tall, will carry an Orion spacecraft with four astronauts on board. The four astronauts2._______（take）part in the Artemis II mission are NASA’s Reid Wiseman, Christina Koch, and Victor Glover, along with the Canadian Space Agency’s Jeremy Hansen. If the mission goes as 3._______（plan）, it will be the first time a woman (Ms. Koch), a person of color (Mr. Glover), and a non-American (Mr. Hanson) have gone around the moon. The SLS rocket 4._______（design） to boost the Orion capsule into orbit around the Earth. This will allow the astronauts to test important spacecraft systems, like those for life support, 5._______（communicate）, and controlling the spacecraft. If all systems are working well, the astronauts will use Orion’s “thrusters” 6._______（send） it on a curving trip that will loop around the moon. The path that the spacecraft will take around the Earth and Moon will look a little bit like 7._______ number “8”. The mission will take about 10 days, and the trip will cover over 230,000 miles (370,000 kilometers). At the farthest, Orion is expected to travel 4,700 miles (7,600 kilometers) 8._______ the moon. That’s farther from Earth than any astronauts 9._______（travel） before. For a short period, as it passes behind the moon, Orion will be out of contact with NASA. The Artemis II mission is designed to test out the spacecraft and its systems. If the mission is 10._______（success）, it will pave the way for future missions which will land on the moon, possibly as early as 2028. 【课标词汇积累】 1.mission n. 使命v. 给…交代任务；派遣；把任务交给 The successful completion of our science project felt like a collective mission, requiring every team member to contribute their unique research and problem-solving skills. (我们科学项目的成功完成就像一项集体使命，要求每位团队成员贡献自己独特的研究和解决问题的能力。) 2.launch v. 开始从事；发起；发射 n. 发射；下水 After months of preparation, our debate club is ready to launch its first inter-school competition, aiming to showcase our critical thinking abilities. (经过数月的准备，我们的辩论社准备发起首次校际比赛，旨在展示我们的批判性思维能力。) 3. boost v. 使增长，推动；增强，提高 n. 帮助，激励；增长，提高 Regular group study sessions can significantly boost your understanding of complex subjects and improve your grades. (定期的学习小组讨论能显著提升你对复杂科目的理解，并改善你的成绩。) 4.curve n. 曲线(面)；(使)呈曲线型 v. 沿曲线运动 The learning curve for mastering advanced mathematics is steep, but with persistent practice, it becomes manageable. (掌握高等数学的学习曲线很陡峭，但通过持续练习，它会变得可以驾驭。) 5.contact n. 联系，联络；熟人；接触，遇见 v. 联系，联络 Maintaining close contact with teachers during office hours is crucial for clarifying doubts and gaining deeper insights. (在办公时间与老师保持密切接触对于澄清疑问和获得更深见解至关重要。) 6.design v. 设计；计划；制定；制造 n. 设计；安排；设计艺术；构思；打算；计划 The student council worked together to design a more efficient and fair system for allocating club activity funds. (学生会共同努力，设计了一个更高效、更公平的社团活动经费分配系统。) 7.astronaut n. 宇航员 Studying the rigorous training regimen of an astronaut inspires us to cultivate similar discipline and resilience in our own academic pursuits. (研究宇航员严苛的训练计划，激励我们在自己的学术追求中培养同样的纪律性和韧性。) 8.system n. 体系，制度；系统 The school’s online learning system integrates course materials, assignments, and discussion forums into a single, accessible platform. (学校的在线学习系统将课程材料、作业和讨论论坛整合到一个统一、便捷的平台。) 9.capsule n. 胶囊；航天舱；密封小容器 Our history teacher created a “time capsule” project where we researched and presented on a specific decade, encapsulating its key events and culture. (我们的历史老师设计了一个“时间胶囊”项目，让我们研究并展示某个特定的十年，概括其关键事件和文化。) 10.powerful adj. 有权力的；强有力的；强壮的；效力大的；极具感染力的 Reading widely exposes you to powerful ideas and diverse perspectives that can fundamentally shape your worldview. (广泛阅读让你接触到强有力的思想和多样化的视角，这些能从根本上塑造你的世界观。) 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.Embarking on the final exam revision is a personal academic ____________ that demands careful planning and unwavering dedication. (开始期末复习是一项个人的学业使命，需要细致的规划和坚定不移的投入。) 2.The school will ____________ a new peer-tutoring program next semester to foster collaborative learning among students from different grades. (学校将于下学期启动一个新的朋辈辅导项目，以促进不同年级学生之间的合作学习。) 3.The teacher’s encouraging feedback provided a much-needed confidence ____________ before my important presentation. (老师鼓励性的反馈在我重要的演讲前提供了急需的信心提升。) 4.Understanding the grading ____________ in competitive courses helps students set realistic expectations and focus on mastering the material. (了解竞争激烈课程中的评分曲线，有助于学生设定现实的期望并专注于掌握知识本身。) 5.The career fair provided an excellent opportunity to make direct ____________ with university representatives and industry professionals. (招聘会提供了一个与大学代表和行业专业人士直接接触的绝佳机会。) 6.Our engineering class project is to ____________ a water filtration system using basic principles of physics and environmental science. (我们的工程课项目是运用物理和环境科学的基本原理，设计一个水过滤系统。) 7.The guest lecture by a former ____________ expanded our horizons, showing how science learned in school applies to extraordinary real-world challenges. (一位前宇航员的客座讲座拓宽了我们的视野，展示了在学校学到的科学如何应用于非凡的现实世界挑战。) 8.Developing an effective time management ____________ is key to balancing coursework, extracurricular activities, and personal life. (建立一个有效的时间管理系统，是平衡课业、课外活动和个人生活的关键。) 9.The final review session acted like a knowledge ____________, condensing a semester’s worth of information into a two-hour intensive study guide. (期末复习课就像一个知识胶囊，将一个学期的信息浓缩成一份两小时的强化学习指南。) 10.Collaborative learning can be a ____________ tool, as explaining concepts to peers often deepens your own understanding. (协作学习可以是一个强大的工具，因为向同伴解释概念常常能深化你自己的理解。) 【参考译文】 阿尔忒弥斯二号任务将是宇航员首次乘坐美国国家航空航天局（NASA）强大的新型太空发射系统（SLS）火箭进入太空。这枚高度超过322英尺（100米）的火箭将搭载一艘载有四名宇航员的猎户座飞船。 参与阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的四名宇航员分别是NASA的里德·怀斯曼、克里斯蒂娜·科赫、维克多·格洛弗，以及加拿大航天局的杰里米·汉森。如果任务按计划进行，这将是首次有女性（科赫女士）、有色人种（格洛弗先生）和非美国籍宇航员（汉森先生）绕月飞行。 SLS火箭的设计目的是将猎户座飞船助推至绕地轨道。这将使宇航员能够测试重要的飞船系统，例如生命支持、通信和飞船控制系统。 如果所有系统运行良好，宇航员将使用猎户座飞船的“推进器”使其沿一条弯曲的轨迹绕月飞行。飞船绕地球和月球飞行的路径看起来会有点像数字“8”。 此次任务将持续约10天，旅程将覆盖超过23万英里（37万公里）。在最远点，猎户座飞船预计将飞行到月球背面4,700英里（7,600公里）处。这比以往任何宇航员到达的距离都要遥远。在飞船经过月球背面的一小段时间内，它将与NASA失去联系。 阿尔忒弥斯二号任务旨在测试飞船及其系统。如果任务成功，它将为未来的登月任务铺平道路，这些任务最早可能在2028年实施。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·南京市、盐城市高三一模）Our solar system is peppered with large rocks, called asteroids. If a big asteroid strikes Earth, there are many possible outcomes. The space rock could drop into the ocean and not harm anyone. Or it could wipe out a city. People have a hard time understanding the chances of an asteroid strike. So a research team calculated the likelihood and compared it with other events — with some surprising results. “A large or medium asteroid hitting Earth would be noticed worldwide,” says Carrie Nugent, a planetary scientist at Olin College. While killer asteroids have hit before, such as the one that finished off the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, Nugent says a similar situation is not expected to occur in the future. “We try to put this event, which is actually a preventable event, in context with other preventable events,” she adds. Using a computer program, Nugent and her team modeled a group of asteroids similar to real near-Earth objects (NEOs). They fed them into a program called JPL Horizons. Anyone can use that program to look up predicted locations for objects in the solar system. For this project, her team determined whether each modeled asteroid would cross paths with Earth. That allowed the team to estimate the frequency of asteroids bigger than 140 meters across, which is around the size of a large ship, Nugent says. An asteroid of this size would hit Earth roughly every 11,000 years. However, that number is still hard to understand. So Nugent compared the chances of an asteroid hitting Earth with other events that people may experience as follows. One-In-X Chance Event Happens to an Individual, or the Planet, Over a Human Lifetime Books and movies often describe asteroid run-ins as unstoppable events. “The truth is actually entirely the opposite,” she says. NASA’s DART Mission in 2022 hit an asteroid that wasn’t in danger of hitting Earth. The test changed the asteroid’s path. This showed that people might be able to avoid such a crash one day. So, it’s important to do research, such as sky surveys, that locate these objects. 1．According to paragraph 2, what does Nugent think of asteroids striking Earth? A．It’s hard to predict it. B．It’s urgent to prevent it. C．There’s no need to worry about it. D．There’ll be disastrous outcomes. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Computer modeling. B．Frequency estimate. C．System operation. D．Project assessment. 3．Which of the following events is least likely to happen? A．Coyote attack. B．Elephant attack. C．Carbon monoxide poisoning. D．Asteroid impact. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To introduce various asteroid research methods. B．To applaud NASA’s asteroid research findings. C．To draw media attention to asteroid research. D．To stress the importance of asteroid research. Passage2阅读理解 （2026·重庆市重庆市九龙坡区一模）Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. The mudstones, found in a dusty riverbed by NASA’s Perseverance Rover, are dotted with interesting markings named leopard spots and poppy seeds. Scientists believe these features contain minerals produced by chemical reactions that could be associated with ancient Martian microbes (微生物). The Perseverance Rover, which touched down on the Martian surface in 2021, was sent to search for signs of biology. It has spent the last four years exploring a region called the Jezero Crater, which was once an ancient lake with a river flowing into it. The rover found the leopard print rocks last year.They are about 3.5bn years old and are a type of rock called mudstone, which is fine- grained rock formed from clays. The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. In similar conditions on Earth, chemical reactions creating minerals are typically driven by microbes. It’s possible the minerals were produced by natural geological (地质的) processes, but at a press conference NASA said the features could be the clearest signs of life ever found. The only way to fully confirm if the minerals were made by microbes would be to bring the rocks back to Earth for analysis. A Mars sample return mission has been proposed by NASA but its future looks highly uncertain. The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. NASA’s plans for such an effort hang in the balance because of the threatened budget cuts, but China is also pursuing a sample return mission that could launch in 2028. While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. 5．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By drawing a contrast. B．By using an example. C．By asking a question. D．By citing an opinion. 6．What is the role of the Perseverance Rover according to the passage? A．It sent back the rock samples. B．It performed the entire analysis. C．It confirms the biological origin. D．It serves as a mobile laboratory. 7．Why is it difficult for scientist to get a Mars sample? A．Because of the uncertain future. B．Because of the funding quarrel. C．Because of the reduced budget. D．Because of the incomplete decision. 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Budget cuts don’t affect NASA． B．NASA’s plan has been canceled. C．China’s mission has not started. D．Scientists long for rock samples. Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Astronauts on the International Space Station often spend 6 to 12 months in space. It is hard to stay inside the space station all that time, but they still need to do their everyday living, such as working, eating, and exercising with limited resources. Imagine you are an astronaut on the space station right now. 1 Keep learning Astronauts are constantly learning. They do all the science experiments that need to happen on the space station. Most of the time, these experiments were designed by scientists. 2 Astronauts also need to learn how to operate parts of the space station, such as the robotic arm. Do exercise 3 One way they do this is by running on a designed treadmill (跑步机), which could hold them down so they won’t float away. You can keep your muscles strong, too. Do some push ups, sit ups or jo g so that you’ll be strong enough when you can go exploring. Observe Earth Astronauts love to take pictures and videos of Earth from the window of the space station. 4 You can take pictures from your window, too. Think about what makes your street and city special and take notes of the patterns you see. Stay in touch Astronauts keep in touch with their families by email and video-conference. You can keep in touch with your family and friends in the same way. Make a list of the friends and relatives you want to stay in touch with and contact with a few every day. 5 A．What do you know about astronauts? B．What activities would you do in space? C．They will be glad to know you are thinking about them. D．Astronauts need to keep their muscles strong to stay healthy. E．Astronauts are learning how to grow food on the space station. F．So they need to learn about the science by following the right steps provided. G．Seeing Earth in a new way gets them thinking about what makes our planet unique. Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2026·广东佛山顺德区教学质量检测（二）） Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this 1 spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and 2 to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. 3 , six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the 4 of which was to 5 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what 6 on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day 7 the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s 8 , like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved 9 heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to 10 field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The 11 were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the 12 that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and 13 a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the 14 space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable 15 on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 1．A．uncertain B．unimportant C．unnecessary D．unlikely 2．A．vital B．linked C．similar D．beneficial 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Still 4．A．cause B．objective C．result D．challenge 5．A．send B．store C．change D．download 6．A．weather B．water C．life D．volcanoes 7．A．inhabit B．pollute C．picture D．map 8．A．skills B．fortunes C．tools D．luxuries 9．A．protecting B．locating C．carrying D．wearing 10．A．keep an eye on B．carry out C．break off D．call off 11．A．shelters B．rocks C．caves D．domes 12．A．relief B．excitement C．fear D．peace 13．A．decorated B．built C．destroyed D．found 14．A．harmful B．random C．mysterious D．unexpected 15．A．limitations B．pressure C．influence D．control Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Jessica Watkins was seven years old, she told her parents she wanted to become an astronaut. They smiled, 1 (encourage) by her determination, but thought it was just a child’s dream. Twenty years later, Watkins proved them wrong. Growing up in a small town, she had limited access 2 science museums or space camps. Yet she never gave up. Every night, she would study under the dim light, 3 (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings. Her hard work paid off. She earned a scholarship to a top university, 4 she studied geology. After graduation, she applied to NASA’s astronaut program — twice. The first time, she was turned 5 . But she didn’t let failure define her. She gained more experience, earned a doctorate, and applied again. In 2026, Watkins finally received 6 call she had been waiting for. She was selected as one of twelve 7 (candidate) for the Mars mission training program. When asked about her journey, she said, “Success is not about never 8 (fall). It’s about getting up one more time than you fall.” Her story 9 (share) widely on social media, inspiring millions of young people. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the 10 (far) dreams can become reality. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题01重返月球—阿尔忒弥斯二号载人飞行 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创语法填空 【原创·语法填空】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 NASA is preparing for a historic space launch that could take astronauts around the moon for the first time since 1972. The flight, called Artemis II, is a key step in NASA’s plan to return to the moon. 美国国家航空航天局（NASA）正筹备一项具有历史意义的太空发射任务，这将是自1972年以来首次载人绕月飞行。此次名为‘阿尔忒弥斯二号’的发射任务，是NASA重返月球计划的关键步骤。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2026/04/01/artemis-ii-first-moon-mission-with-astronauts-in-50-years/ The Artemis II mission will be the first time astronauts have been launched into space on NASA’s powerful new Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. The rocket, which is over 322 feet (100 meters) tall, will carry an Orion spacecraft with four astronauts on board. The four astronauts taking part in the Artemis II mission are NASA’s Reid Wiseman, Christina Koch, and Victor Glover, along with the Canadian Space Agency’s Jeremy Hansen. If the mission goes as planned, it will be the first time a woman (Ms. Koch), a person of color (Mr. Glover), and a non-American (Mr. Hanson) have gone around the moon. The SLS rocket is designed to boost the Orion capsule into orbit around the Earth. This will allow the astronauts to test important spacecraft systems, like those for life support, communication, and controlling the spacecraft. If all systems are working well, the astronauts will use Orion’s “thrusters” to send it on a curving trip that will loop around the moon. The path that the spacecraft will take around the Earth and Moon will look a little bit like the number “8”. The mission will take about 10 days, and the trip will cover over 230,000 miles (370,000 kilometers). At the farthest, Orion is expected to travel 4,700 miles (7,600 kilometers) beyond the moon. That’s farther from Earth than any astronauts have traveled before. For a short period, as it passes behind the moon, Orion will be out of contact with NASA. The Artemis II mission is designed to test out the spacecraft and its systems. If the mission is successful, it will pave the way for future missions which will land on the moon, possibly as early as 2028. 【原创·语法填空】(288words) The Artemis II mission will be the first time astronauts have been launched into space on NASA’s powerful new Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. The rocket, 1._______ is over 322 feet (100 meters) tall, will carry an Orion spacecraft with four astronauts on board. The four astronauts2._______（take）part in the Artemis II mission are NASA’s Reid Wiseman, Christina Koch, and Victor Glover, along with the Canadian Space Agency’s Jeremy Hansen. If the mission goes as 3._______（plan）, it will be the first time a woman (Ms. Koch), a person of color (Mr. Glover), and a non-American (Mr. Hanson) have gone around the moon. The SLS rocket 4._______（design） to boost the Orion capsule into orbit around the Earth. This will allow the astronauts to test important spacecraft systems, like those for life support, 5._______（communicate）, and controlling the spacecraft. If all systems are working well, the astronauts will use Orion’s “thrusters” 6._______（send） it on a curving trip that will loop around the moon. The path that the spacecraft will take around the Earth and Moon will look a little bit like 7._______ number “8”. The mission will take about 10 days, and the trip will cover over 230,000 miles (370,000 kilometers). At the farthest, Orion is expected to travel 4,700 miles (7,600 kilometers) 8._______ the moon. That’s farther from Earth than any astronauts 9._______（travel） before. For a short period, as it passes behind the moon, Orion will be out of contact with NASA. The Artemis II mission is designed to test out the spacecraft and its systems. If the mission is 10._______（success）, it will pave the way for future missions which will land on the moon, possibly as early as 2028. 【答案】1.which 2.taking 3.planned 4.is designed 5.communication 6.to send 7.the 8.beyond 9.have traveled 10.successful 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）正筹备一项具有历史意义的太空发射任务，这将是自1972年以来首次载人绕月飞行。此次名为‘阿尔忒弥斯二号’的发射任务，是NASA重返月球计划的关键步骤。 1.which考查定语从句。这枚高度超过322英尺（100米）的火箭将搭载一艘载有四名宇航员的猎户座飞船。此处The rocket是先行词，在非限制性定语从句中作主语。指物，故填which。 2.taking考查现在分词。参与阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的四名宇航员分别是NASA的里德·怀斯曼、克里斯蒂娜·科赫、维克多·格洛弗，以及加拿大航天局的杰里米·汉森。此处是现在分词短语作定语，The four astronauts和take之间是主动关系，故填taking。 3.planned考查过去分词。如果任务按计划进行，这将是首次有女性（科赫女士）、有色人种（格洛弗先生）和非美国籍宇航员（汉森先生）绕月飞行。此处是状语从句的省略，相当于as it is planned, it is可以省略，故填planned。 4.is designed考查动词的时态和语态。 SLS火箭的设计目的是将猎户座飞船助推至绕地轨道。根据语境可知，此处The SLS rocket是被设计的，而且是叙述的事实，故填is designed。 5.communication考查词形转换。这将使宇航员能够测试重要的飞船系统，例如生命支持、通信和飞船控制系统。此处是三个并列的名词，故填communication。 6.to send考查动词不定式。如果所有系统运行良好，宇航员将使用猎户座飞船的“推进器”使其沿一条弯曲的轨迹绕月飞行。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填to send。 7.the考查冠词。飞船绕地球和月球飞行的路径看起来会有点像数字“8”。此处特指数字8，故填the。 8.beyond考查介词。在最远点，猎户座飞船预计将飞行到月球背面4,700英里（7,600公里）处。此处beyond意为：在另一面。故填beyond。 9.have traveled考查动词时态。这比以往任何宇航员到达的距离都要遥远。根据语境及时间状语before可知，用现在完成时。故填have traveled。 10.successful考查词形转换。如果任务成功，它将为未来的登月任务铺平道路，这些任务最早可能在2028年实施。此处形容词作表语，故填successful。 【课标词汇积累】 1.mission n. 使命v. 给…交代任务；派遣；把任务交给 The successful completion of our science project felt like a collective mission, requiring every team member to contribute their unique research and problem-solving skills. (我们科学项目的成功完成就像一项集体使命，要求每位团队成员贡献自己独特的研究和解决问题的能力。) 2.launch v. 开始从事；发起；发射 n. 发射；下水 After months of preparation, our debate club is ready to launch its first inter-school competition, aiming to showcase our critical thinking abilities. (经过数月的准备，我们的辩论社准备发起首次校际比赛，旨在展示我们的批判性思维能力。) 3. boost v. 使增长，推动；增强，提高 n. 帮助，激励；增长，提高 Regular group study sessions can significantly boost your understanding of complex subjects and improve your grades. (定期的学习小组讨论能显著提升你对复杂科目的理解，并改善你的成绩。) 4.curve n. 曲线(面)；(使)呈曲线型 v. 沿曲线运动 The learning curve for mastering advanced mathematics is steep, but with persistent practice, it becomes manageable. (掌握高等数学的学习曲线很陡峭，但通过持续练习，它会变得可以驾驭。) 5.contact n. 联系，联络；熟人；接触，遇见 v. 联系，联络 Maintaining close contact with teachers during office hours is crucial for clarifying doubts and gaining deeper insights. (在办公时间与老师保持密切接触对于澄清疑问和获得更深见解至关重要。) 6.design v. 设计；计划；制定；制造 n. 设计；安排；设计艺术；构思；打算；计划 The student council worked together to design a more efficient and fair system for allocating club activity funds. (学生会共同努力，设计了一个更高效、更公平的社团活动经费分配系统。) 7.astronaut n. 宇航员 Studying the rigorous training regimen of an astronaut inspires us to cultivate similar discipline and resilience in our own academic pursuits. (研究宇航员严苛的训练计划，激励我们在自己的学术追求中培养同样的纪律性和韧性。) 8.system n. 体系，制度；系统 The school’s online learning system integrates course materials, assignments, and discussion forums into a single, accessible platform. (学校的在线学习系统将课程材料、作业和讨论论坛整合到一个统一、便捷的平台。) 9.capsule n. 胶囊；航天舱；密封小容器 Our history teacher created a “time capsule” project where we researched and presented on a specific decade, encapsulating its key events and culture. (我们的历史老师设计了一个“时间胶囊”项目，让我们研究并展示某个特定的十年，概括其关键事件和文化。) 10.powerful adj. 有权力的；强有力的；强壮的；效力大的；极具感染力的 Reading widely exposes you to powerful ideas and diverse perspectives that can fundamentally shape your worldview. (广泛阅读让你接触到强有力的思想和多样化的视角，这些能从根本上塑造你的世界观。) 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.Embarking on the final exam revision is a personal academic ____________ that demands careful planning and unwavering dedication. (开始期末复习是一项个人的学业使命，需要细致的规划和坚定不移的投入。) 2.The school will ____________ a new peer-tutoring program next semester to foster collaborative learning among students from different grades. (学校将于下学期启动一个新的朋辈辅导项目，以促进不同年级学生之间的合作学习。) 3.The teacher’s encouraging feedback provided a much-needed confidence ____________ before my important presentation. (老师鼓励性的反馈在我重要的演讲前提供了急需的信心提升。) 4.Understanding the grading ____________ in competitive courses helps students set realistic expectations and focus on mastering the material. (了解竞争激烈课程中的评分曲线，有助于学生设定现实的期望并专注于掌握知识本身。) 5.The career fair provided an excellent opportunity to make direct ____________ with university representatives and industry professionals. (招聘会提供了一个与大学代表和行业专业人士直接接触的绝佳机会。) 6.Our engineering class project is to ____________ a water filtration system using basic principles of physics and environmental science. (我们的工程课项目是运用物理和环境科学的基本原理，设计一个水过滤系统。) 7.The guest lecture by a former ____________ expanded our horizons, showing how science learned in school applies to extraordinary real-world challenges. (一位前宇航员的客座讲座拓宽了我们的视野，展示了在学校学到的科学如何应用于非凡的现实世界挑战。) 8.Developing an effective time management ____________ is key to balancing coursework, extracurricular activities, and personal life. (建立一个有效的时间管理系统，是平衡课业、课外活动和个人生活的关键。) 9.The final review session acted like a knowledge ____________, condensing a semester’s worth of information into a two-hour intensive study guide. (期末复习课就像一个知识胶囊，将一个学期的信息浓缩成一份两小时的强化学习指南。) 10.Collaborative learning can be a ____________ tool, as explaining concepts to peers often deepens your own understanding. (协作学习可以是一个强大的工具，因为向同伴解释概念常常能深化你自己的理解。) Keys: 1.mission 2.launch 3.boost 4.curve 5.contact 6.design 7.astronaut 8.system 9.capsule 10.powerful 【参考译文】 阿尔忒弥斯二号任务将是宇航员首次乘坐美国国家航空航天局（NASA）强大的新型太空发射系统（SLS）火箭进入太空。这枚高度超过322英尺（100米）的火箭将搭载一艘载有四名宇航员的猎户座飞船。 参与阿尔忒弥斯二号任务的四名宇航员分别是NASA的里德·怀斯曼、克里斯蒂娜·科赫、维克多·格洛弗，以及加拿大航天局的杰里米·汉森。如果任务按计划进行，这将是首次有女性（科赫女士）、有色人种（格洛弗先生）和非美国籍宇航员（汉森先生）绕月飞行。 SLS火箭的设计目的是将猎户座飞船助推至绕地轨道。这将使宇航员能够测试重要的飞船系统，例如生命支持、通信和飞船控制系统。 如果所有系统运行良好，宇航员将使用猎户座飞船的“推进器”使其沿一条弯曲的轨迹绕月飞行。飞船绕地球和月球飞行的路径看起来会有点像数字“8”。 此次任务将持续约10天，旅程将覆盖超过23万英里（37万公里）。在最远点，猎户座飞船预计将飞行到月球背面4,700英里（7,600公里）处。这比以往任何宇航员到达的距离都要遥远。在飞船经过月球背面的一小段时间内，它将与NASA失去联系。 阿尔忒弥斯二号任务旨在测试飞船及其系统。如果任务成功，它将为未来的登月任务铺平道路，这些任务最早可能在2028年实施。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·南京市、盐城市高三一模）Our solar system is peppered with large rocks, called asteroids. If a big asteroid strikes Earth, there are many possible outcomes. The space rock could drop into the ocean and not harm anyone. Or it could wipe out a city. People have a hard time understanding the chances of an asteroid strike. So a research team calculated the likelihood and compared it with other events — with some surprising results. “A large or medium asteroid hitting Earth would be noticed worldwide,” says Carrie Nugent, a planetary scientist at Olin College. While killer asteroids have hit before, such as the one that finished off the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, Nugent says a similar situation is not expected to occur in the future. “We try to put this event, which is actually a preventable event, in context with other preventable events,” she adds. Using a computer program, Nugent and her team modeled a group of asteroids similar to real near-Earth objects (NEOs). They fed them into a program called JPL Horizons. Anyone can use that program to look up predicted locations for objects in the solar system. For this project, her team determined whether each modeled asteroid would cross paths with Earth. That allowed the team to estimate the frequency of asteroids bigger than 140 meters across, which is around the size of a large ship, Nugent says. An asteroid of this size would hit Earth roughly every 11,000 years. However, that number is still hard to understand. So Nugent compared the chances of an asteroid hitting Earth with other events that people may experience as follows. One-In-X Chance Event Happens to an Individual, or the Planet, Over a Human Lifetime Books and movies often describe asteroid run-ins as unstoppable events. “The truth is actually entirely the opposite,” she says. NASA’s DART Mission in 2022 hit an asteroid that wasn’t in danger of hitting Earth. The test changed the asteroid’s path. This showed that people might be able to avoid such a crash one day. So, it’s important to do research, such as sky surveys, that locate these objects. 1．According to paragraph 2, what does Nugent think of asteroids striking Earth? A．It’s hard to predict it. B．It’s urgent to prevent it. C．There’s no need to worry about it. D．There’ll be disastrous outcomes. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Computer modeling. B．Frequency estimate. C．System operation. D．Project assessment. 3．Which of the following events is least likely to happen? A．Coyote attack. B．Elephant attack. C．Carbon monoxide poisoning. D．Asteroid impact. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To introduce various asteroid research methods. B．To applaud NASA’s asteroid research findings. C．To draw media attention to asteroid research. D．To stress the importance of asteroid research. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Carrie Nugent及其团队通过计算机模拟计算小行星撞击地球的可能性，并将其与其他日常事件进行比较，以消除人们对小行星撞击的过度恐惧，同时强调了小行星研究的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“While killer asteroids have hit before, such as the one that finished off the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, Nugent says a similar situation is not expected to occur in the future.(虽然致命的小行星以前曾撞击过地球，比如6600万年前导致恐龙灭绝的那颗，但Nugent表示，未来预计不会发生类似的情况)”可推知，Nugent认为未来不太可能发生类似恐龙灭绝那样的小行星撞击事件，因此人们不必过于担心。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Using a computer program, Nugent and her team modeled a group of asteroids similar to real near-Earth objects (NEOs). They fed them into a program called JPL Horizons. Anyone can use that program to look up predicted locations for objects in the solar system. For this project, her team determined whether each modeled asteroid would cross paths with Earth.(利用计算机程序，Nugent及其团队构建了一组与真实近地天体（NEO）类似的小行星模型。他们将这些模型输入名为“JPL Horizons”的程序中。任何人都可以使用该程序来查询太阳系中物体的预计位置。在此次项目中，她的团队确定了每颗模型小行星是否会与地球相撞)”及第四段“That allowed the team to estimate the frequency of asteroids bigger than 140 meters across, which is around the size of a large ship, Nugent says. (Nugent说，这使得研究团队能够估算出直径超过140米（相当于一艘大型船只的大小）的小行星出现的频率)”可推知，That指代的是前文提到的“computer modeling (计算机模拟)”这一过程，正是通过计算机模拟，团队才能估算小行星撞击的频率。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文中关于概率的表格（One-In-X Chance）可知，各事件发生的概率分别为：A. Coyote attack (土狼袭击)1 in 1,000,000；B. Elephant attack (大象袭击)1 in 10,000；C. Carbon monoxide poisoning (一氧化碳中毒)1 in 100；D. Asteroid impact (小行星撞击)1 in 1,000。注意：对数坐标的特点：坐标轴是10倍递增的（1→10→100→1000），所以视觉上的距离不代表线性比例，比如X从1到100，概率差了100倍，而不是100倍的视觉长度。概率越小，事件发生的可能性越低，土狼袭击的概率为百万分之一，是四个选项中最小的，因此最不可能发生。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Books and movies often describe asteroid run-ins as unstoppable events. “The truth is actually entirely the opposite,” she says. NASA’s DART Mission in 2022 hit an asteroid that wasn’t in danger of hitting Earth. The test changed the asteroid’s path. This showed that people might be able to avoid such a crash one day. So, it’s important to do research, such as sky surveys, that locate these objects.(书籍和电影常常将小行星碰撞事件描述为无法阻止的灾难性事件。但她表示：“事实恰恰相反。”美国宇航局2022年的DART任务击中了一颗没有撞击地球危险的小行星。这次测试改变了这颗小行星的轨道。这表明，或许有一天人类能够避免此类碰撞。因此，开展研究工作，比如进行天空普查，以定位这些天体，是非常重要的)”可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是强调小行星研究的重要性。故选D。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·重庆市重庆市九龙坡区一模）Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. The mudstones, found in a dusty riverbed by NASA’s Perseverance Rover, are dotted with interesting markings named leopard spots and poppy seeds. Scientists believe these features contain minerals produced by chemical reactions that could be associated with ancient Martian microbes (微生物). The Perseverance Rover, which touched down on the Martian surface in 2021, was sent to search for signs of biology. It has spent the last four years exploring a region called the Jezero Crater, which was once an ancient lake with a river flowing into it. The rover found the leopard print rocks last year.They are about 3.5bn years old and are a type of rock called mudstone, which is fine- grained rock formed from clays. The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. In similar conditions on Earth, chemical reactions creating minerals are typically driven by microbes. It’s possible the minerals were produced by natural geological (地质的) processes, but at a press conference NASA said the features could be the clearest signs of life ever found. The only way to fully confirm if the minerals were made by microbes would be to bring the rocks back to Earth for analysis. A Mars sample return mission has been proposed by NASA but its future looks highly uncertain. The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. NASA’s plans for such an effort hang in the balance because of the threatened budget cuts, but China is also pursuing a sample return mission that could launch in 2028. While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. 5．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By drawing a contrast. B．By using an example. C．By asking a question. D．By citing an opinion. 6．What is the role of the Perseverance Rover according to the passage? A．It sent back the rock samples. B．It performed the entire analysis. C．It confirms the biological origin. D．It serves as a mobile laboratory. 7．Why is it difficult for scientist to get a Mars sample? A．Because of the uncertain future. B．Because of the funding quarrel. C．Because of the reduced budget. D．Because of the incomplete decision. 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Budget cuts don’t affect NASA． B．NASA’s plan has been canceled. C．China’s mission has not started. D．Scientists long for rock samples. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星探索的新发现，特别是NASA的“毅力号”火星车在火星上发现的可能与古代微生物有关的矿物特征，以及获取火星样本面临的挑战。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Today, Mars is a cold and dry desert. But billions of years ago there is evidence that it had a thick atmosphere and water, making it a promising place to look for past life. (如今，火星是一个寒冷干燥的沙漠。但数十亿年前，有证据表明它有浓厚的大气层和水，使其成为寻找过去生命的有希望的地方。)”可知，作者通过将火星的现状(寒冷干燥的沙漠)与其遥远的过去(有大气和水)进行对比来引出话题。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The rover used several instruments in its onboard lab to analyze the minerals in the rocks. This data was then sent back to Earth for scientists to study. (火星车利用其车载实验室中的几种仪器分析了岩石中的矿物质。然后，这些数据被发送回地球供科学家研究。)”可知，“毅力号”火星车利用其车载实验室中的多种仪器对岩石中的矿物质进行了分析，并发送数据回地球供科学家研究，因此它起到了移动实验室的作用。故选D项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The US Space Agency’s science budget is facing huge cuts that have been put forward in President Trump’s 2026 budget and a sample return mission is one of those facing cancellation. (美国航天局的科学预算正面临大幅削减，这是特朗普总统2026年预算中提出的，样本返回任务就是面临取消的任务之一)”可知，由于美国航天局的预算面临大幅削减，火星样本返回任务面临取消，因此科学家很难获取火星样本。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the decision is debated, scientists are desperate to get their gloved hands on the rocks. (当这个决定还在被争论时，科学家们非常渴望能用戴着手套的双手拿到那些岩石。)”可推知，尽管关于火星样本返回任务的决定仍在争论中，但科学家们非常热切地期盼着得到这些岩石样本。故选D项。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Astronauts on the International Space Station often spend 6 to 12 months in space. It is hard to stay inside the space station all that time, but they still need to do their everyday living, such as working, eating, and exercising with limited resources. Imagine you are an astronaut on the space station right now. 1 Keep learning Astronauts are constantly learning. They do all the science experiments that need to happen on the space station. Most of the time, these experiments were designed by scientists. 2 Astronauts also need to learn how to operate parts of the space station, such as the robotic arm. Do exercise 3 One way they do this is by running on a designed treadmill (跑步机), which could hold them down so they won’t float away. You can keep your muscles strong, too. Do some push ups, sit ups or jo g so that you’ll be strong enough when you can go exploring. Observe Earth Astronauts love to take pictures and videos of Earth from the window of the space station. 4 You can take pictures from your window, too. Think about what makes your street and city special and take notes of the patterns you see. Stay in touch Astronauts keep in touch with their families by email and video-conference. You can keep in touch with your family and friends in the same way. Make a list of the friends and relatives you want to stay in touch with and contact with a few every day. 5 A．What do you know about astronauts? B．What activities would you do in space? C．They will be glad to know you are thinking about them. D．Astronauts need to keep their muscles strong to stay healthy. E．Astronauts are learning how to grow food on the space station. F．So they need to learn about the science by following the right steps provided. G．Seeing Earth in a new way gets them thinking about what makes our planet unique. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．D 4．G 5．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员可以在太空中所进行的四种活动。 1．空前“It is hard to stay inside the space station all that time, but they still need to do their everyday living, such as working, eating, and exercising with limited resources. Imagine you are an astronaut on the space station right now.(一直呆在空间站里是很困难的，但他们仍然需要用有限的资源来完成日常生活，比如工作、吃饭和锻炼。想象你现在是空间站上的一名宇航员。)”提到了宇航员在太空中使用有限的资源所进行的日常活动，下文则讲述了四项可以在太空上做的具体活动。由此可推知，设空处起到引出下文的作用，并与太空中的活动相关。分析选项，B项“你在太空可以做什么活动？”为特殊疑问句，能够引出下文内容；且其中的“activities”和“in space”与太空中所进行的活动相关。故选B项。 2．空前“They do all the science experiments that need to happen on the space station. Most of the time, these experiments were designed by scientists.(他们做所有需要在空间站上进行的科学实验。大多数时候，这些实验都是由科学家设计的。)”提到了宇航员需要在太空站做实验，而这些实验大部分是由科学家们设计的；空后“Astronauts also need to learn how to operate parts of the space station, such as the robotic arm.(宇航员还需要学习如何操作空间站的一些部件，比如机械臂。)”则讲到宇航员们还需要学习如何操作空间站的一些部件。由此可推知，设空处应起到承上启下的作用，并与太空科学实验及宇航员需要学习的内容相关，E项“宇航员正在学习如何在空间站上种植食物”和F项“因此，他们需要按照提供的正确步骤来学习科学知识”都与宇航员的学习内容相关。E项与太空科学实验无关，故排除。F项中的“science”与空前的“science”和“scientists”相呼应，且空后句中的“learn”为该项中“learn”的同词复现。故选F项。 3．根据本段小标题“Do exercise(做运动)”可知，本段主要讲述和运动相关的内容。设空处位于段首，应起到总结全段或引起下文的作用，且与运动的内容相关。D项“宇航员需要保持肌肉强壮以保持健康。”与运动相关，且与下文内容“One way they do this is by running on a designed treadmill(跑步机), which could hold them down so they won't float away. You can keep your muscles strong, too. (其中一种方法是在一个专门设计的跑步机上跑步，这个跑步机可以固定住他们，这样他们就不会飘走。你也可以保持你的肌肉强壮。)”衔接紧密，其中的“keep their muscles strong to stay healthy”与空后的“keep your muscles strong”相呼应。故选D项。 4．空前“Astronauts love to take pictures and videos of Earth from the window of the space station.(宇航员喜欢从空间站的窗口拍摄地球的照片和视频。)”提到宇航员从空间站的窗口拍摄地球，空后“You can take pictures from your window, too. Think about what makes your street and city special and take notes of the patterns you see.(你也可以从你的窗户拍照。想想是什么让你的街道和城市变得特别，并记下你看到的模式。)”则讲述了从窗户里拍照并思考是什么让你所在的街道和城市变得特别。由此可推知，设空处应承上启下，且与思考的内容相关。G项“以一种新的方式看待地球让他们思考是什么让我们的星球与众不同。”与上下文联系紧密，且其中的“Seeing Earth in a new way”指的是上文提到的从空间站的窗口拍摄地球照片和视频的这种方法，“thinking about”和“unique”分别与下文中的“Think about”和“special”相呼应。故选G项。 5．空前“Make a list of the friends and relatives you want to stay in touch with and contact with a few every day.(把你想要保持联系的朋友和亲戚列一个清单，每天和其中一些人联系。)”提到列出想要保持联系的朋友和亲戚，每天和其中一些人联系。设空处位于段尾，应起到承接上文或总结全段的作用，且与和他人保持联系相关。C项“他们会很高兴知道你在想着他们。”与和他人保持联系相关，且其中的“They”指代的是前句中的“the friends and relatives”。故选C项。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2026·广东佛山顺德区教学质量检测（二）） Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this 1 spot is an ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and 2 to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa. 3 , six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month experiment, the 4 of which was to 5 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study what 6 on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers who might one day 7 the red planet. Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s 8 , like fresh fruit and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved 9 heavy suits similar to those being designed for Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the dome once a week to 10 field studies that would happen during a Mars mission. Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The 11 were a particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one particular cave, she detailed the 12 that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations. “We have examined the rock more closely, and 13 a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation (撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube (熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to astronauts from the 14 space radiation during a solar storm.” The research findings are expected to have considerable 15 on decisions when putting astronauts for future missions to Mars. 1．A．uncertain B．unimportant C．unnecessary D．unlikely 2．A．vital B．linked C．similar D．beneficial 3．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Still 4．A．cause B．objective C．result D．challenge 5．A．send B．store C．change D．download 6．A．weather B．water C．life D．volcanoes 7．A．inhabit B．pollute C．picture D．map 8．A．skills B．fortunes C．tools D．luxuries 9．A．protecting B．locating C．carrying D．wearing 10．A．keep an eye on B．carry out C．break off D．call off 11．A．shelters B．rocks C．caves D．domes 12．A．relief B．excitement C．fear D．peace 13．A．decorated B．built C．destroyed D．found 14．A．harmful B．random C．mysterious D．unexpected 15．A．limitations B．pressure C．influence D．control 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍夏威夷冒纳罗亚火山因环境酷似火星，被用于模拟火星任务实验，科学家在此模拟火星生活，为未来载人探火任务提供研究依据。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个看似不太可能的地方却是模拟火星太空任务的理想地点。A. uncertain不确定的；B. unimportant不重要的；C. unnecessary不必要的；D. unlikely不太可能的。根据前文“Mauna Loa is among the world’s most active volcanoes”可知，活跃火山本不适合科研，因此是不太可能的地点。故选D项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该地点被选中是因为它位置偏远，且与火星环境相似。A. vital至关重要的；B. linked相关的；C. similar相似的；D. beneficial有益的。根据后文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”可知，这里指两地地质环境相似。故选C项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Still仍然。根据前文“The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa”描述Mauna Loa适合模拟火星环境，因此开展实验，前后为因果关系，therefore符合语境。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. cause原因；B. objective目的；C. result结果；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“to study what life on Mars would be like”以及语境可知，此处指实验的目标。故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，六名科学家被安置在火山附近的白色小圆顶屋内，进行为期8个月的实验，其目的是保存关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息。A. send发送；B. store储存，收集；C. change改变；D. download下载。根据后文“how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts”以及语境可知，实验是为了收集关于长期火星任务会如何在心理上影响宇航员的信息，store符合语境。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这六名科学家与外界隔绝，以研究火星上的生活会是什么样子。A. weather天气；B. water水源；C. life生活；D. volcanoes火山。根据后文“how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers”以及语境可知，这里指科学家在模拟火星生活。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的任务是观察隔离会如何影响未来可能居住火星的探险者的社交状况。A. inhabit居住；B. pollute污染；C. picture想象；D. map绘制地图。根据前文“space mission to Mars”可知，这里指研究对象是未来将居住火星的探险者，inhabit符合语境。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星环境恶劣，所以六人必须在没有许多生活奢享品的条件下生活，比如新鲜水果和无限供水。A. skill 技能；B. fortunes财富；C. tools工具；D. luxuries奢享品。根据后文“fresh fruit and unlimited water”以及常识可知，这些在太空中属于稀缺奢享品。故选D项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开栖息地需要穿上与为火星宇航员设计的宇航服类似的厚重防护服，并在“气闸舱”内等候5分钟，以模拟气压下降的过程。A. protecting保护；B. locating定位；C. carrying携带；D. wearing穿着。根据后文“heavy suits”以及语境可知，这里指穿戴厚重防护服。故选D项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们每周只离开圆顶屋一次，去执行火星任务期间会进行的实地研究。A. keep an eye on留意；B. carry out执行；C. break off中断；D. call off取消。根据后文“field studies that would happen during a Mars mission”以及语境可知，这里指开展地研究的任务，carry out符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些洞穴是特别吸引人的目的地。A. shelters庇护所；B. rocks岩石；C. caves洞穴；D. domes圆顶屋。根据后文“her crew explored more than 100 caves”可知，这里指洞穴很吸引人，caves是原词复现。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个特别洞穴里，她详细描述了探索指状岩层所带来的兴奋感。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement兴奋；C. fear恐惧；D. peace平静。根据前文“ 　　　 were a particularly attractive destination”可知，这里指探索她带来了兴奋。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们更仔细地检查了岩石，并找到了一个适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。A. decorated装饰；B. built建造；C. destroyed破坏；D. found找到。根据后文“a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation”以及语境可知，这里指发现了适合从圆顶屋撤离的庇护所。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在火星上，这种熔岩管有望为宇航员提供庇护，躲避太阳风暴期间有害的太空辐射。A. harmful有害的；B. random随机的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. unexpected意外的。根据后文“space radiation during a solar storm”以及常识可知，辐射是有害的，harmful符合语境。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究结果预计会对未来派遣宇航员执行火星任务的决策产生重大影响。A. limitations限制；B. pressure压力；C. influence影响；D. control控制。根据前文“to 　　　 information on how lengthy Mars missions could psychologically affect astronauts.”描述实验目的是为火星任务提供依据可知，所以这里指结果会影响决策，influence符合语境。故选C项。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Jessica Watkins was seven years old, she told her parents she wanted to become an astronaut. They smiled, 1 (encourage) by her determination, but thought it was just a child’s dream. Twenty years later, Watkins proved them wrong. Growing up in a small town, she had limited access 2 science museums or space camps. Yet she never gave up. Every night, she would study under the dim light, 3 (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings. Her hard work paid off. She earned a scholarship to a top university, 4 she studied geology. After graduation, she applied to NASA’s astronaut program — twice. The first time, she was turned 5 . But she didn’t let failure define her. She gained more experience, earned a doctorate, and applied again. In 2026, Watkins finally received 6 call she had been waiting for. She was selected as one of twelve 7 (candidate) for the Mars mission training program. When asked about her journey, she said, “Success is not about never 8 (fall). It’s about getting up one more time than you fall.” Her story 9 (share) widely on social media, inspiring millions of young people. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the 10 (far) dreams can become reality. 【答案】 1．encouraged 2．to 3．completing 4．where 5．down 6．the 7．candidates 8．falling 9．was shared 10．farthest/furthest 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述杰西卡·沃特金斯坚持梦想、不懈努力最终入选火星任务训练计划的励志故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们笑了，被她的决心所鼓舞，但认为这只是孩子的梦想。此处为非谓语动词作状语，They与encourage为被动关系，所以用过去分词encouraged。故填encouraged。 2．考查介词。句意：她在小镇长大，很少有机会接触科学博物馆或太空夏令营。此处为固定搭配access to，意为“使用……的机会、接触……的权利”，所以用介词to。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天晚上，她都会在昏暗的灯光下学习，先完成作业再帮助弟弟妹妹。此处为非谓语动词作状语，和主语she是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填completing。 4．考查定语从句。句意：她获得了顶尖大学的奖学金，在那里攻读地质学专业。此处引导定语从句，先行词a top university表示地点，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。 5．考查副词。句意：第一次申请，她被拒绝了。此处为固定搭配turn down，意为“拒绝”符合句意，所以用副词down。故填down。 6．考查冠词。句意：2026年，沃特金斯终于接到了她一直等待的那个电话。此处特指她期盼已久的电话，用定冠词the。故填the。 7．考查名词复数。句意：她入选为火星任务训练计划的十二名候选人之一。此处被twelve修饰，应用可数名词复数形式，所以用candidates。故填candidates。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：成功不在于永不跌倒，而在于跌倒后能再站起来一次。此处位于介词about之后，用动名词形式falling。故填falling。 9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：她的故事在社交媒体上被广泛分享，激励了数百万年轻人。此处为谓语动词，share与主语her story之间为被动关系，结合句意，此处描述过去的动作，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Her story是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was shared。故填was shared。 10．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，她有力地提醒人们，只要坚持不懈，再遥远的梦想也能成真。此处表示“最遥远的”，应用最高级，所以用far的最高级farthest/furthest。故填farthest/furthest。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $