摘要:
**基本信息**
以形态变化规律为核心,通过分类归纳(不规则动词)与口诀提炼(规则动词)构建动词过去式专项训练体系,提升语言能力与学习策略。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|不规则动词分类|11类含spread、sing等30+例词|按形态变化规律(元音替换、词尾变形等)分类记忆|从特殊变化类型(如i-a/i-o元音替换)到特殊记忆清单,构建层级化认知|
|规则动词口诀|“直去双改”4类含look、hope等例词|用口诀概括变化规则(直加ed/去e加d等)|从一般规则到特殊情况(双写、改y为i),形成逻辑递进|
|综合练习|12个动词(play、save等)|结合三单/ing变化综合应用|整合动词形态变化全维度,强化知识迁移能力|
内容正文:
不规则动词过去式表
类别
过去式变化
过去式和原形一样
beat—beat cost—cost cut—cut hit—hit hurt—hurt let—let put—put read /riːd/—read /red/ set—set shut — shut
spread—spread
中间元音变化
(i—a)
begin—began sing—sang swim—swam ring—rang sit—sat
give—gave drink—drank
中间元音变化
(i—o)
drive—drove ride—rode write—wrote shine—shone rise—rose shine—shone win—won
中间元音变化
(o/a—e)
fall—fell grow—grew know—knew throw—threw blow—blew hold—held draw—drew
过去式以aught和ought结尾
catch—caught teach—taught
buy—bought think—thought bring—brought fight — fought
结尾的d变为t
build—built lend—lent spend—spent send—sent
含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加‑t
keep—kept sleep—slept
sweep—swept feel—felt
oo变o
ee变e
choose—chose shoot—shot
bleed—bled feed—fed meet—met speed—sped/speeded
在单词后加t/ed
Burn—burnt/burned dream—dreamt/dreamed deal—dealt
learn—learnt/learned mean—meant
去掉一个l字母再加t或直接加ed
smell — smelt/smelled spell— spelt/spelled
特殊记忆
awake — awoke be (am, is, are)—was/were bear—bore become—became bite—bit break—broke speak—spoke
come—came dig—dug do—did eat—ate
find—found fly—flew freeze—froze forget—forgot get—got go— went hang(悬挂)—hung have—had hear—heard hide—hid lay—laid lead — led leave—left lie(躺)—lay
light — lit/lighted lose — lost make—made mistake—mistook take—took pay—paid run—ran see—saw say—said shake—shook stand—stood steal—stole stick—stuck understand—understood wake—woke wear—wore
规则动词过去式变化
口诀
类别
构成方法
例词
直
一般情况
在词尾加-ed
look________________
play________________
talk________________
去
以e结尾的动词
在词尾加-d
hope________________
like________________
use________________
双
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ed
stop________________
plan________________
改
以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词
改y为i,再加-ed
study________________
worry________________
练习:请写出所给单词的第三人称单数形式和过去式
原形
意思
动词ing变化
三单形式
过去式
play
save
work
pick
kill
arrive
laugh
practise
finish
jump
jog
wait
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