专题15 陈述句（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（山东专版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题15 陈述句 考点一 肯定陈述句 肯定陈述句用于叙述事实、表达观点或描述状态，是英语中最基础的句式，也是山东版小学英语教材的核心内容。山东小升初重点考查不同时态下的肯定陈述句结构和动词形式变化。 核心时态结构表（山东小升初必考） 时态 基本结构 动词形式变化规则 典型例句（山东本地场景） 一般现在时 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他 主语非三单→动词原形 主语三单→动词三单（加 - s/-es） I live in Jinan.（我住在济南。） She likes Shandong pancakes very much.（她非常喜欢山东煎饼。） 一般过去时 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 规则动词加 - ed 不规则动词特殊变化 We climbed Mount Tai last weekend.（我们上周末爬了泰山。） He visited Confucius Temple yesterday.（他昨天参观了孔庙。） 一般将来时 主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他 will 后接动词原形 be going to 后接动词原形 They will go to Qingdao next month.（他们下个月要去青岛。） I am going to visit Daming Lake tomorrow.（我明天要去大明湖。） 现在进行时 主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词 + 其他 动词加 - ing（双写 / 去 e 等规则变化） Look! The children are playing in Quancheng Square.（看！孩子们正在泉城广场玩耍。） My mother is cooking dinner now.（我妈妈现在正在做饭。） 山东考区易错提醒 一般现在时三单形式不可遗漏：主语为 he/she/it/ 单数名词时，动词必须变三单 误：He play football every day. 正：He plays football every day. 现在进行时现在分词变化规则：注意双写末尾辅音（run→running）和去 e 加 - ing（write→writing） 一般过去时不规则动词需特殊记忆：如 go→went, see→saw, eat→ate 等 客观事实永远用一般现在时：不受时间状语限制 例：The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。） 1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 （1）My father ___________ (work) in a hospital in Jinan. （2）They ___________ (visit) Mount Tai last summer. （3）We ___________ (have) a sports meeting next week. （4）Listen! The birds ___________ (sing) in the tree. 2.选出下列句子中结构正确的一项 ( ) A. She like eating Shandong noodles. B. They go to Qufu yesterday. C. He is reading a book about Confucius now. D. We will goes to Qingdao tomorrow. 3.改正下列句子中的结构错误 （1）He get up at 6 o'clock every morning. →_____________ （2）They are play football on the playground. →_____________ （3）She visit her grandparents last Sunday. →_____________ 1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 （1）Our teacher ___________ (teach) us English very well. （2）I ___________ (see) a film with my family last night. （3）They ___________ (plant) trees in the park next spring. （4）Look! The girls ___________ (dance) in the classroom. 2.翻译句子（注意时态和动词形式） （1）我每天步行去上学。________________________________________ （2）她昨天买了一本关于孔子的书。__________________________________ （3）他们正在打扫教室。__________________________________ 3.判断下列句子是否正确（正确写 T，错误写 F） （1）He plays basketball every afternoon. ( ) （2）We are go to the park tomorrow. ( ) （3）The earth goes around the sun. ( ) 考点二 否定陈述句 否定陈述句用于表达否定的事实或观点，是山东小升初句型转换题的高频考点。核心掌握不同时态下否定句的构成规则，尤其是助动词的选择和动词形式变化。 核心时态否定结构表（山东小升初必考） 时态 否定结构 助动词 / 动词形式 典型例句（山东本地场景） 一般现在时 主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他 主语非三单→don't 主语三单→doesn't I don't like spicy food.（我不喜欢辣的食物。） She doesn't live in Qingdao.（她不住在青岛。） 一般过去时 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 助动词 did + 动词原形 We didn't climb Mount Tai yesterday.（我们昨天没有爬泰山。） He didn't go to school last week.（他上周没有去上学。） 一般将来时 主语 + won't + 动词原形 + 其他 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 will→won't be 动词 + not They won't go to the beach next weekend.（他们下周末不去海滩。） I am not going to visit Daming Lake tomorrow.（我明天不去大明湖。） 现在进行时 主语 + am/is/are not + 现在分词 + 其他 be 动词 + not + 现在分词 The children are not playing in the park now.（孩子们现在不在公园里玩。） My mother isn't cooking dinner now.（我妈妈现在不在做饭。） be 动词句型 主语 + am/is/are not + 表语 + 其他 be 动词 + not He is not a student.（他不是一名学生。） They are not from Shandong.（他们不是山东人。） 情态动词句型 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 情态动词 + not She can't swim.（她不会游泳。） You shouldn't eat too much junk food.（你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。） 山东考区易错提醒 一般现在时 / 过去时否定句中，助动词后必须接动词原形 误：He doesn't plays football. 正：He doesn't play football. be 动词和情态动词的否定句直接加 not，无需额外加助动词 误：She is not like singing. 正：She doesn't like singing. some 在否定句中要改为 any 误：There isn't some milk in the bottle. 正：There isn't any milk in the bottle. 半否定词（never/hardly/few/little）本身表示否定，不能再与 not 连用 误：He never doesn't eat meat. 正：He never eats meat. 1.按要求改写下列句子为否定句 （1）He plays football every afternoon. ______________________________ （2）They went to Qufu yesterday. _______________________________ （3）She is reading a book now. _______________________________ （4）We will have a picnic tomorrow. ______________________________ 2.选出下列否定句中结构正确的一项 ( ) A. She don't like Shandong pancakes. B. They didn't went to Mount Tai last week. C. He isn't watching TV now. D. We won't to go to Qingdao tomorrow. 3.改正下列否定句中的错误 （1）He doesn't goes to school by bike. →______________________________ （2）They are not plant trees now. →______________________________ （3）She didn't saw the film. →______________________________ 1.按要求改写下列句子为否定句 （1）I get up early every morning. _________________________________ （2）They visited their grandparents last weekend._________________________________ （3）The children are playing games. _________________________________ （4）She is a doctor. _________________________________ 2.翻译句子（注意否定结构） （1）他不喜欢吃面条。_________________________________ （2）我们昨天没有去公园。_________________________________ （3）他们现在不在做作业。_________________________________ 3.用括号内动词的适当形式填空（否定句） （1）My mother _____________ (not cook) dinner at home today. （2）He _____________ (not play) basketball yesterday afternoon. （3）They _____________ (not be) in the classroom now. （4）We _____________ (not go) to Beijing next month. 考点三 陈述句的时态一致性 时态一致性是陈述句的核心规则，指句子中动词的时态必须与时间状语和语境保持一致。山东小升初单选、改错和完形填空经常考查这一知识点。 核心时间状语与时态对应表（山东小升初必考） 时态 常见时间状语 典型例句（山东本地场景） 一般现在时 every day/week/month/year, usually, often, always, sometimes, 客观事实 He often goes to Daming Lake on weekends.（他经常在周末去大明湖。） Confucius was born in Qufu.（孔子出生在曲阜。） 一般过去时 yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2020, just now We went to Mount Tai last month.（我们上个月去了泰山。） She bought a new dress yesterday.（她昨天买了一条新裙子。） 一般将来时 tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, in the future, this weekend They will visit Qingdao next summer.（他们明年夏天要去青岛。） I am going to the library this afternoon.（我今天下午要去图书馆。） 现在进行时 now, look, listen, at the moment Look! The students are planting trees.（看！学生们正在植树。） Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.（听！有人在敲门。） 山东考区易错提醒 时间状语是判断时态的关键，不可混淆 误：He plays football yesterday. 正：He played football yesterday. 客观事实和真理永远用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响 例：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。） 上下文语境也是判断时态的重要依据 例：I was born in 2012. I am 14 years old now.（我 2012 年出生，现在 14 岁了。） 1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意时态一致） （1）We __________ (have) breakfast at 7:00 every morning. （2）She __________ (buy) a new book about Confucius last Sunday. （3）Listen! Someone __________ (sing) in the next room. （4）They __________ (visit) the Yellow River next month. 2.选出下列句子中时态一致的一项 ( ) A. He watches TV now. B. They will go to school yesterday. C. She often goes to the library. D. We are play basketball last afternoon. 3.改正下列句子中的时态错误 （1）He is a student last year. →____________ （2）They play football at the moment. →____________ （3）She will visit her friend last week. →____________ 1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意时态一致） （1）My sister __________ (like) reading storybooks. She __________ (read) a storybook now. （2）They __________ (not go) to school on Sundays. They __________ (go) to the zoo last Sunday. （3）He __________ (finish) his homework yesterday evening. He __________ (watch) TV after that. 2.翻译句子（注意时态与时间状语一致） （1）他通常每天晚上做家庭作业。 __________________________________________________________________ （2）他们上周参观了曲阜孔庙。 __________________________________________________________________ （3）看！孩子们正在操场上跑步。 __________________________________________________________________ 3.选择合适的时间状语填空（every day/last night/now/next week） （1）She is reading a book ____________. （2）We will have a test ____________. （3）He watched TV ____________. （4）They go to school by bike ____________. 考点四 陈述句的特殊用法 除了基本的肯定和否定结构外，陈述句还有一些特殊用法，是山东小升初考试的难点和易错点，需要重点掌握。 核心特殊用法表（山东小升初必考） 特殊用法 规则 典型例句（山东本地场景） 否定前移 主句主语为第一人称（I/we），谓语为 think/believe/suppose 等时，否定要前移到主句 I don't think he will come to Jinan tomorrow.（我认为他明天不会来济南。） We don't believe she is from Shandong.（我们认为她不是山东人。） had better 的否定 had better not + 动词原形（不能加 to） You had better not go out alone at night.（你最好不要晚上独自外出。） We had better not climb Mount Tai in rainy weather.（我们最好不要在雨天爬泰山。） 祈使句的否定 直接在句首加 Don't Don't talk in the library.（不要在图书馆里说话。） Don't eat too much Shandong pancake.（不要吃太多山东煎饼。） both...and... 变否定 转换为 neither...nor...（谓语动词遵循就近原则） He likes both apples and oranges. → He likes neither apples nor oranges.（他既不喜欢苹果也不喜欢橘子。） Both Tom and Lily are from Shandong. → Neither Tom nor Lily is from Shandong.（汤姆和莉莉都不是山东人。） always/often 变否定 转换为 never/seldom He always gets up early. → He never gets up early.（他从不早起。） She often eats out. → She seldom eats out.（她很少在外面吃饭。） 山东考区易错提醒 否定前移只适用于主句主语为第一人称的情况 误：He doesn't think she is right. 正：He thinks she isn't right. had better not 后必须接动词原形，不能加 to 误：You had better not to go there. 正：You had better not go there. neither...nor... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则 例：Neither he nor I am a student.（他和我都不是学生。） 1.按要求改写句子 （1）I think he will go to Qingdao tomorrow.（改为否定句，否定前移） __________________________________________________________________ （2）You had better go now.（改为否定句） __________________________________________________________________ （3）Open the door, please.（改为否定祈使句） __________________________________________________________________ （4）He likes both tea and coffee.（改为否定句，用 neither...nor...） __________________________________________________________________ 2.选出下列句子中特殊用法正确的一项 ( ) A. I think not he is right. B. You had better not to be late. C. Don't play football in the street. D. Neither he nor I are students. 3.改正下列句子中的错误 （1）I don't think he won't come. →_____________ （2）You had better not to eat too much. →_____________ （3）Don't to run in the classroom. →_____________ 1.按要求改写句子 （1）I believe she will pass the exam.（改为否定句，否定前移） __________________________________________________________________ （2）He always helps others.（用 never 改写） __________________________________________________________________ （3）Both my father and I like Shandong pancakes.（改为否定句，用 neither...nor...） __________________________________________________________________ 2.翻译句子（注意特殊用法） （1）我认为他不会来参加我的生日派对。 ____________________________________ （2）你最好不要在河里游泳。 ____________________________________ （3）不要在教室里大声说话。 ____________________________________ 3.用适当的词填空 （1）I __________ think he __________ right.（我认为他不对。） （2）You had better __________ (not go) to Mount Tai alone. （3）__________ (not) eat too much junk food. 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. My brother _________ football every afternoon. A. play B. plays C. played D. is playing ( ) 2. They _________ to Mount Tai last summer holiday. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go ( ) 3. Look! The children _________ kites in Quancheng Square. A. fly B. flies C. flew D. are flying ( ) 4. She _________ a new book about Confucius tomorrow. A. buy B. buys C. bought D. will buy ( ) 5. He _________ like eating spicy food. He likes Shandong pancakes. A. don't B. doesn't C. didn't D. isn't ( ) 6. We _________ TV last night. We went to the cinema. A. don't watch B. doesn't watch C. didn't watch D. aren't watching ( ) 7. The Yellow River _________ through Shandong. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go ( ) 8. They _________ not in the classroom now. They are in the library. A. are B. is C. were D. will be ( ) 9. He _________ his homework yesterday evening. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. is finishing ( ) 10. We _________ a picnic in Daming Lake next weekend. A. have B. has C. had D. will have 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.She ______ (sing) very well. She often ______ (sing) at school parties. 2.They ______ (visit) Confucius Temple last weekend. 3.Look! The boys ______ (play) basketball on the playground. 4.He ______ (not like) eating vegetables. 5.We ______ (have) a math test tomorrow. 6.My mother ______ (cook) Shandong cuisine in the kitchen now. 7.They ______ (not go) to school yesterday. They had a holiday. 8.The sun ______ (rise) in the east. 9.She ______ (be) a student. She ______ (study) hard every day. 10.We ______ (will) go to Qingdao next Sunday. 三、按要求完成下列各题 1.He plays football every afternoon.（改为否定句） __________________________________________________________________ 2.They went to Qufu yesterday.（改为否定句） __________________________________________________________________ 3.She is reading a book now.（改为否定句） __________________________________________________________________ 4.We will have a picnic tomorrow.（改为否定句） __________________________________________________________________ 5.He likes Shandong pancakes very much.（对划线部分提问） __________________________________________________________________ 6.They finished their homework last night.（对划线部分提问） __________________________________________________________________ 四、完形填空 My name is Li Ming. I 1. ______ in Jinan, Shandong. I 2. ______ a student. I 3. ______ to school by bike every day. My favorite subject is English. I 4. ______ English very hard. Yesterday, we 5. ______ an English test. I 6. ______ well. Now, I 7. ______ an English storybook. Tomorrow, I 8. ______ to Daming Lake with my friend. We 9. ______ to go boating there. I 10. ______ Jinan very much because it's a beautiful city. ( ) 1. A. live B. lives C. lived D. will live ( ) 2. A. am B. is C. are D. was ( ) 3. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go ( ) 4. A. study B. studies C. studied D. will study ( ) 5. A. have B. has C. had D. will have ( ) 6. A. do B. does C. did D. will do ( ) 7. A. read B. reads C. am reading D. will read ( ) 8. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go ( ) 9. A. want B. wants C. wanted D. will want ( ) 10. A. like B. likes C. liked D. will like 答案与解析 考点一： 考点再现： 1.（1）works（2）visited（3）will have/are going to have（4）are singing 2.C 过关训练： 1.（1）teaches（2）saw（3）will plant/are going to plant（4）are dancing 2.（1）I go to school on foot every day. （2）She bought a book about Confucius yesterday. （3）They are cleaning the classroom. 3.（1）T（2）F（3）T 考点二： 考点再现： 1.（1）He doesn't play football every afternoon. （2）They didn't go to Qufu yesterday. （3）She isn't reading a book now. （4）We won't have a picnic tomorrow./We are not going to have a picnic. 2.C 3.（1）goes→go（2）plant→planting（3）saw→see 过关训练： 1.（1）I don't get up early every morning. （2）They didn't visit their grandparents last weekend. （3）The children are not playing games. （4）She isn't a doctor. 2.（1）He doesn't like eating noodles. （2）We didn't go to the park yesterday. （3）They aren't doing their homework now. 3.（1）doesn't cook（2）didn't play（3）aren't（4）won't go/are not going to go 考点三： 考点再现： 1.（1）have（2）bought（3）is singing（4）will visit/are going to visit 2.C 3.（1）is→was（2）play→are playing（3）will visit→visited 过关训练： 1.（1）likes；is reading（2）don't go；went（3）finished；watched 2.（1）He usually does his homework every evening. （2）They visited Confucius Temple in Qufu last week. （3）Look! The children are running on the playground. 3.（1）now（2）next week（3）last night（4）every day 考点四： 考点再现： 1.（1）I don't think he will go to Qingdao tomorrow. （2）You had better not go now. （3）Don't open the door, please. （4）He likes neither tea nor coffee. 2.C 3.（1）去掉 won't（2）去掉 to（3）去掉 to 过关训练： 1.（1）I don't believe she will pass the exam. （2）He never helps others. （3）Neither my father nor I like Shandong pancakes. 2.（1）I don't think he will come to my birthday party. （2）You had better not swim in the river. （3）Don't talk loudly in the classroom. 3.（1）don't；is（2）not go（3）Don't 一、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D 1.every afternoon 提示一般现在时，主语 my brother 为三单，用 plays 2.last summer holiday 提示一般过去时，用 went 3.Look 提示现在进行时，用 are flying 4.tomorrow 提示一般将来时，用 will buy 5.主语 he 为三单，一般现在时否定用 doesn't 6.last night 提示一般过去时，否定用 didn't watch 7.客观事实用一般现在时，主语 the Yellow River 为三单，用 goes 8.now 提示一般现在时，主语 they 为复数，用 are 9.yesterday evening 提示一般过去时，用 finished 10.next weekend 提示一般将来时，用 will have 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 答案：1.sings；sings 2.visited 3.are playing 4.doesn't like 5.will have/are going to have 6.is cooking 7.didn't go 8.rises 9.is；studies 10.will 1.解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式，前句描述客观能力，后句时间状语 often 提示一般现在时，主语 she 是第三人称单数，动词都要用三单形式 sings。故正确答案为 sings；sings。 2.解析：本题考查一般过去时的动词形式，时间状语 last weekend 提示句子为一般过去时，动词 visit 的过去式是 visited。故正确答案为 visited。 3.解析：本题考查现在进行时的结构，提示词 Look 表明动作正在进行，主语 the boys 是复数，be 动词用 are，play 的现在分词是 playing。故正确答案为 are playing。 4.解析：本题考查一般现在时的否定形式，主语 he 是第三人称单数，一般现在时的否定需要借助助动词 doesn't，后面接动词原形 like。故正确答案为 doesn't like。 5.解析：本题考查一般将来时的结构，时间状语 tomorrow 提示句子为一般将来时，可以用 will + 动词原形或 be going to + 动词原形的结构。故正确答案为 will have/are going to have。 6.解析：本题考查现在进行时的结构，时间状语 now 提示动作正在进行，主语 my mother 是单数，be 动词用 is，cook 的现在分词是 cooking。故正确答案为 is cooking。 7.解析：本题考查一般过去时的否定形式，时间状语 yesterday 提示句子为一般过去时，否定句需要借助助动词 didn't，后面接动词原形 go。故正确答案为 didn't go。 8.解析：本题考查客观事实的时态，太阳从东方升起是客观真理，永远使用一般现在时，主语 the sun 是第三人称单数，动词用 rises。故正确答案为 rises。 9.解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式，前句描述身份，后句时间状语 every day 提示一般现在时，主语 she 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 is，实义动词用 studies。故正确答案为 is；studies。 10.解析：本题考查一般将来时的结构，时间状语 next Sunday 提示句子为一般将来时，用 will + 动词原形的结构。故正确答案为 will。 三、按要求完成下列各题 答案：1.He doesn't play football every afternoon. 2.They didn't go to Qufu yesterday. 3.She isn't reading a book now. 4.We won't have a picnic tomorrow./We are not going to have a picnic. 5.What does he like very much? 6.When did they finish their homework? 1.解析：本题考查一般现在时的肯定句变否定句，主语 he 是第三人称单数，需要借助助动词 doesn't，后面接动词原形 play。故正确答案为 He doesn't play football every afternoon.。 2.解析：本题考查一般过去时的肯定句变否定句，需要借助助动词 didn't，后面接动词原形 go。故正确答案为 They didn't go to Qufu yesterday.。 3.解析：本题考查现在进行时的肯定句变否定句，直接在 be 动词 is 后面加 not，缩写为 isn't。故正确答案为 She isn't reading a book now.。 4.解析：本题考查一般将来时的肯定句变否定句，will 的否定形式是 won't，或者在 be going to 结构中的 be 动词后面加 not。故正确答案为 We won't have a picnic tomorrow./We are not going to have a picnic.。 5.解析：本题考查对宾语的特殊疑问句转换，对事物提问用疑问词 what，主语 he 是第三人称单数，需要借助助动词 does，后面接动词原形 like。故正确答案为 What does he like very much?。 6.解析：本题考查对时间状语的特殊疑问句转换，对时间提问用疑问词 when，一般过去时需要借助助动词 did，后面接动词原形 finish。故正确答案为 When did they finish their homework?。 四、完形填空 答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.A 1.解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式，“我住在济南” 是经常性的状态，用一般现在时，主语 I 是第一人称，动词用原形 live。故正确答案为 A。 2.解析：本题考查一般现在时的 be 动词用法，“我是一名学生” 是现在的状态，主语 I 搭配 be 动词 am。故正确答案为 A。 3.解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式，时间状语 every day 提示一般现在时，主语 I 是第一人称，动词用原形 go。故正确答案为 A。 4.解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式，“我努力学习英语” 是经常性的动作，主语 I 是第一人称，动词用原形 study。故正确答案为 A。 5.解析：本题考查一般过去时的动词形式，时间状语 yesterday 提示句子为一般过去时，动词 have 的过去式是 had。故正确答案为 C。 6.解析：本题考查一般过去时的动词用法，“我考得很好” 指代前文的英语测试，用 do 的过去式 did 表示 “做得好”。故正确答案为 C。 7.解析：本题考查现在进行时的结构，时间状语 now 提示动作正在进行，主语 I 搭配 be 动词 am，read 的现在分词是 reading。故正确答案为 C。 8.解析：本题考查一般将来时的结构，时间状语 tomorrow 提示句子为一般将来时，结构为 will + 动词原形 go。故正确答案为 D。 9.解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式，“我们想去划船” 是现在的愿望，主语 we 是复数，动词用原形 want。故正确答案为 A。 10.解析：本题考查一般现在时的动词形式，“我喜欢济南” 是现在的喜好，主语 I 是第一人称，动词用原形 like。故正确答案为 A。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $