Unit 4 Period 2 Reading and thinking（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语人教版必修第三册

人教版必修第三册UNIT 4 Space Exploration Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1. 掌握本部分重点单词、短语与句型，能在听说读写中正确运用。 单词：universe, gravity, orbit, spacecraft, despite, explore, discover, achieve, satellite, rocket 等 短语：space exploration, carry on, satisfy curiosity, step onto, make progress, provide data 等 句型：Despite…, …; …have come a long way…; …is the third country to…; One…is… 等 2.运用略读、查读、主旨概括等阅读策略，梳理文章结构，提取关键信息，理解人类太空探索的发展历程、重要成就与中国航天的突出贡献。 3.辩证分析太空探索的风险与价值，客观评价科技进步与航天事故的关系，提升批判性思维与逻辑推理能力。 4.了解世界多国航天发展成就，认识国际合作的重要性；学习中国航天历程与成果，增强民族自豪感与文化自信，树立科学探索精神与人类命运共同体意识。 5.能运用所学语言知识，口头或书面介绍太空探索事件、表达个人观点，实现语言输入到输出的有效转化。 一、基础词汇记忆 1.________ /ˈspeɪs/n. 太空；空间 2.________ /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/n. 探索；探测 3.________ /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/n. 宇宙；天地万物 4.________ /ˈɡrævəti/n. 重力；引力 5.________ /ˈɔːbɪt/n. 轨道 v. 沿轨道运行 6.________ /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 7.________ /ˈsætəlaɪt/n. 卫星；人造卫星 8.________ /ˈrɒkɪt/n. 火箭 9.________ /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v. 发现；发觉 10.________ /əˈtʃiːv/v. 达到；取得；完成 11.________ /rɪˈfjuːz/v. 拒绝；回绝 12.________ /ˈmeɪdʒərəti/n. 大多数；大半 13.________ /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 14.________ /rɪˈdʒekt/v. 拒绝；不录用；排斥 15.________ /tʃɑːdʒ/v. 收费；指控 n. 费用；主管 16.________ /rɪˈdjuːs/v. 减少；降低 17.________ /ɪˈlekt/v. 选举；推选 18.________ /tend/v. 照顾；护理；倾向于 19.________ /ˈpʌblɪʃ/v. 出版；发表 20.________ /ˈreskjuː/v.& n. 营救；救援 【答案】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.space 2.Exploration 3.universe 4.gravity 5.orbit 6.spacecraft 7.satellite 8.rocket 9.discover 10.achieve 11.refuse 12.majority 13.graduate 14.reject 15.charge 16.reduce 17.elect 18.tend 19.publish 20.rescue 二、词块记忆 1.____________ 太空探索 2.____________ 继续做；坚持做 3.____________ 登上月球 4.____________ 取得进步 5.____________ 满足好奇心 6.____________ 提供宝贵数据 7.____________ 逃离地球引力 8.____________ 绕地球运行 9.____________ 载人航天飞行 10.____________ 未来太空计划 【答案】 1.space exploration 2.carry on 3.step onto the moon 4.make progress 5.satisfy curiosity 6.provide valuable data 7.escape Earth’s gravity 8.orbit Earth 9.manned space flight 10.future space plans 【知识梳理1】despite /in spite of 尽管，不管，任凭 【常用搭配】 despite + 名词 /doing in spite of + 名词 /doing 转换：despite = in spite of（完全同义） 【即学即练】 1.Despite ________ (face) great difficulties, they never gave up space exploration. 2.He went out ________ spite of the heavy rain. 3.________ the risks, scientists still carry on researching space. 4.________________________ (尽管有风险), we will continue exploring space. 5.He kept working ________________________ (尽管很累). 6.________________________ (尽管下雨), they arrived at the space station on time. 【答案】 1. facing 2.in 3.Despite / In 4.Despite the risks / In spite of the risks 5.despite being tired / in spite of being tired 6.Despite the rain / In spite of the rain 【知识梳理2】“the + 序数词 + 名词 + to do” 结构 【规则】 1.名词前面有序数词（first, second, third…）the + 序数词 + n. + to do 2.后面必须用不定式 to do 作定语 3.不能用 doing /done 4.最高级后面也用 to do 【即学即练】 1. He is the best student ________ (solve) the problem. 2.This is the first work ________ (finish) by the astronaut. 3.The last person ________ (know) the truth is Tom.4. 当你处于进退两难的境地时，不妨向父母寻求建议。 4.他是第一个登上月球的宇航员。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.她是第二位进入太空的中国女性。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. to solve 2.to finish 3.to know 4.He is the first astronaut to step onto the moon. 5.She is the second Chinese woman to go into space. 【知识梳理3】China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.（p41）2003 年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船成功绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。 【知识拓展】 主句：China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003 非限制性定语从句：when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1.Human beings landed on the moon in 1969, _______ shocked the whole world.（人类 1969 年登上月球，这件事震惊了全世界。） 2.We will reach the space station next month, _______ we can do some scientific experiments.（我们下个月将抵达空间站，在那里我们可以做一些科学实验。） 【答案】1.which 2.where 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The astronaut managed ________ (orbit) the moon successfully in the spacecraft. 【答案】to orbit 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这名宇航员乘坐飞船成功绕月球飞行。固定搭配manage to do sth.表示“设法做成某事”。故填to orbit。 2.The government decided to reduce the cost of ________ (rocket) production. 【答案】rocket 【解析】考查名词。句意：政府决定降低火箭的生产成本。此处名词作定语，用单数形式修饰production。故填rocket。 3.Most people have the strong desire ________ (achieve) their space dreams. 【答案】to achieve 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数人都有实现太空梦想的强烈愿望。固定搭配the desire to do sth.表示“做某事的愿望”。故填to achieve。 4.The brave scientist refused ________ (reject) the difficult space task. 【答案】to reject 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位勇敢的科学家拒绝放弃这项艰难的太空任务。固定搭配refuse to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”。故填to reject。 5.The machine ________ (charge) with electricity can work in outer space. 【答案】charged 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这台带电的机器可以在外太空工作。machine与charge为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填charged。 6.A large ________ (major) of students are interested in space science. 【答案】majority 【解析】考查名词。句意：大多数学生对太空科学感兴趣。固定搭配a large majority of表示“大多数……”。故填majority。 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 她是第一位被选为公司总经理的女性，凭借能力赢得了所有人的尊重。 She is the first woman ________________________ the general manager of the company and won everyone’s respect with her ability. 2. 尽管存在巨大风险，人类仍旧继续探索宇宙的奥秘。 ________________________ the huge risks, humans still continue to explore the secrets of the universe. 3. 杨利伟是第一位进入太空的中国航天员。 Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ________________________ into space. 4. 大多数科学家致力于降低火箭的发射成本。 A majority of scientists work hard ________________________ the cost of rocket launches. 5. 这是今年发表的关于太空引力研究的重要报告之一。 It is one of the important reports ________________________ about space gravity this year. 【答案】 1. to be elected 2. Despite / In spite of 3. to go 4. to reduce 5. to be published 三、课文语法填空 Space exploration has always been a dream for humans. For centuries, people have been curious about the universe and eager 1. ________ (explore) outer space. In 2003, China became the third country in the world 2. ________ (independent) send humans into space, 3. ________ made Yang Liwei a national hero. Despite 4. ________ (huge) risks, astronauts never give up. They carry out tasks in spacecraft and orbit Earth successfully. Most scientists devote themselves to space research, hoping 5. ________ (make) new discoveries. Some satellites 6. ________ (send) into space to collect data every year. The gravity in space is different from7. ________ on Earth, which brings many challenges. A majority of researchers believe that space exploration is worth 8. ________ (effort). It is mankind's determination 9. ________ helps us move forward step by step. We firmly believe that more space secrets 10. ________ (unlock) in the future. 【答案】 1. to explore 2. to 3. which 4. huge 5. to make 6. are sent 7. that 8. efforts 9. that 10. will be unlocked 一、阅读理解 A （2025-2026高一下·陕西西安·期中）I didn’t always drink a lot of caffeine (咖啡因). I hardly enjoyed the taste of coffee until my mid-20s. But once I started working long hours from home, I soon needed a third cup of coffee just to feel the energy one used to give me. But by the end of the day, my heart felt like it was beating faster, I couldn’t relax, and it was difficult to fall asleep. According to Dr. Giuseppe Aragona, an online doctor, caffeine dependence isn’t sustainable (可持续的). “Imagine your body like your finances. Running it on caffeine is the same as surviving through credit cards,” he said. “Eventually, the bank (your body in this case) will want to cash-in, and this makes it much more likely for you to become tired, lose focus, and-by the end of the day want to achieve nothing.” So I decided to remove all caffeinated drinks from my life for two weeks, no matter how awful it felt. I started with three cups of lemon water in the morning, had a decaffeinated soda in the afternoon, and ended with a cup of tea. Though the effects, at first, were hardly the same, the act of getting up from my desk to refill my cup made the day a bit more bearable. Dr. Aragona also told me that kicking all the caffeine could help me find a more natural body rhythm (节律) and reduce my anxiety levels. But along the way, he said I’d likely be sleepy. “Of course, you will still get tired, but this is natural, because all caffeine is doing is saving that for later — and likely to a greater degree after you force your body into overdrive,” he added. The first three days were awful. I felt extremely tired, had really terrible headaches, and could barely make it to 10 a.m. without wanting to take a nap. After about a week, I felt like a different person. By the end of the two weeks, I felt a lot more in control of my mind, body, and life. And I didn’t miss caffeine as much as I thought I would. 1．Why did the author start to drink a lot of caffeine? A．To keep energetic. B．To stay up late. C．To enjoy the taste. D．To fight severe stress. 2．What is a result of caffeine dependence according to Dr. Aragona? A．Financial difficulties. B．Physical burnout. C．Longer working hours. D．Emotional breakdown 3．According to Dr. Aragona why do people feel sleepy when quitting caffeine? A．Caffeine saves energy for later. B．They overdrive their body. C．Their body gets back to normal. D．They want to take a nap. 4．Which of the following best describes the author’s experience of quitting caffeine? A．Tiring but interesting. B．Boring but worthwhile. C．Painful but rewarding. D．Awkward but educational. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述作者因长时间工作依赖咖啡因，后在医生建议下戒断咖啡因，过程虽艰难但最终收获身心改善的经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But once I started working long hours from home, I soon needed a third cup of coffee just to feel the energy one used to give me. (但一旦我开始在家长时间工作，我很快就需要第三杯咖啡，才能感受到以前一杯咖啡带来的能量)”可知，作者开始大量饮用咖啡因是为了保持精力充沛。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中Aragona医生说的话“Eventually, the bank (your body in this case) will want to cash-in, and this makes it much more likely for you to become tired, lose focus, and by the end of the day, want to achieve nothing. (最终，银行(这里指你的身体)会要求兑现，这会让你更容易感到疲惫、注意力不集中，到一天结束时，什么都不想做)”可知，根据Aragona医生的说法，咖啡因依赖的后果是身体倦怠。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Dr. Aragona also told me that kicking all the caffeine could help me find a more natural body rhythm (节律) and reduce my anxiety levels. But along the way, he said I’d likely be sleepy. “Of course, you will still get tired, but this is natural, because all caffeine is doing is saving that for later — and likely to a greater degree after you force your body into overdrive,” he added. (Aragona博士还告诉我，完全戒掉咖啡因有助于我恢复更自然的生理节律，并降低焦虑程度。但他也表示，在这个过程中，我可能会感到困倦。“当然，你还是会感到疲倦，但这是很正常的，因为咖啡因的作用就是把疲劳延后到以后——而且在你强迫身体过度运转之后，这种延后的效果可能会更加明显，”他补充道。)”可知， Aragona博士提到戒咖啡因能帮助身体恢复自然节律，过程中感到困倦是自然的正常反应——咖啡因只是掩盖了本来的疲劳，戒断后身体回归正常状态，疲劳会正常显现。因此可知，戒断咖啡因会感到疲惫是因为身体恢复了正常。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The first three days were awful. I felt extremely tired, had really terrible headaches, and could barely make it to 10 a.m. without wanting to take a nap. After about a week, I felt like a different person. By the end of the two weeks, I felt a lot more in control of my mind, body, and life. (最初的三天糟透了。我感到极度疲惫，头痛得厉害，不到上午10点就想打盹。大约一周后，我感觉像变了一个人。两周结束时，我感觉自己能更好地控制自己的思想、身体和生活)”可推断，作者戒断咖啡因的经历是痛苦但有回报的。 B （2025-2026高一下·福建福州·期中）Dreaming appears to have little connection to work. However, new research shows that when dreams are first recalled (回忆), people often draw connections between their dreams and waking lives, and the connections they draw affect how they think, feel and act at work. The team performed the studies that collectively captured approximately 5,000 morning reports of dream recall among full-time employees. The researchers issued morning field study, a single-day morning-to-afternoon study, and a two-week experience sampling study. “An awe-inspiring dream is highly impactful and memorable, often involving extraordinary experiences or interactions. For example, we arrive at work shortly after interacting with our loved ones who have passed away, narrowly escaping or performing arts of amazing ability.” Belinda, the chief of the study, said. “These experiences bleed into and affect our waking lives, including how productive we are at work.” Imagine you recall an awe-inspiring dream in the morning, and then later in the afternoon, your boss tells you to conduct 10 more interviews than you were expecting to do. You might now think that it’s not that big a deal because your awe-inspiring dream just puts everything into perspective. You have a greater realization that there’s a bigger world out there and you’re just part of it. “So, get a good night’s sleep for waking wonder!” Belinda added. Studies show that dreams appear in all stages of sleep and are impactful. However, the most vivid dreams — those most likely to have meaning and create waking wonder — appear during REM sleep. Because REM sleep takes place late in a given sleep cycle (循环) , getting enough and high-quality sleep will help you get the most out of your dreams. Sleep tracking devices can show when and how much time you spend in REM sleep, which help improve sleep schedules to increase the chance of having awe-inspiring dreams. For both managers and employees, how much or how well people sleep really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work. 5．What is paragraph 2 intended to explain? A．Why a dream is recorded. B．How the study is conducted. C．What the study revealed. D．Who joined in the research. 6．What can we learn about awe-inspiring dream from paragraph 3 and 4? A．A scary dream. B．A morning dream. C．An influential dream. D．A logical dream. 7．What does the last paragraph recommend? A．Sleep-tracking study. B．Quality sleep. C．Waking wonder. D．Healthy living habits. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Dreams can be connected with productivity. B．Dreams impact all sleep stages. C．Dreams contribute to one’s mental health. D．Dreams are attracting greater attention worldwide. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了新研究表明梦境与工作表现有关，建议保证高质量睡眠。 5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The team performed the studies that collectively captured approximately 5, 000 morning reports of dream recall among full-time employees. The researchers issued morning field study, a single-day morning-to-afternoon study, and a two-week experience sampling study.(研究小组进行了这些研究，共收集了约5000名全职员工对梦境回忆的晨间报告。研究人员进行了晨间实地研究、为期一天的晨间至下午研究以及为期两周的经验抽样研究。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究是如何进行的。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“An awe-inspiring dream is highly impactful and memorable, often involving extraordinary experiences or interactions.(一个令人敬畏的梦具有高度的影响力和难忘性，通常涉及非凡的经历或互动。)”以及第四段中“Imagine you recall an awe-inspiring dream in the morning, and then later in the afternoon, your boss tells you to conduct 10 more interviews than you were expecting to do. You might now think that it’s not that big a deal because your awe-inspiring dream just puts everything into perspective.(想象一下，你早上回忆起一个令人敬畏的梦，然后下午晚些时候，你的老板让你比预期多进行10次面试。你现在可能觉得这没什么大不了的，因为你令人敬畏的梦让你对一切都有了正确的认识。)”可知，令人敬畏的梦是有影响力的。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Because REM sleep takes place late in a given sleep cycle (循环) , getting enough and high-quality sleep will help you get the most out of your dreams. Sleep tracking devices can show when and how much time you spend in REM sleep, which help improve sleep schedules to increase the chance of having awe-inspiring dreams. For both managers and employees, how much or how well people sleep really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work.(因为快速眼动睡眠发生在一个特定的睡眠周期的后期，所以获得足够且高质量的睡眠将帮助你从梦中获得最大的收获。睡眠追踪设备可以显示你在快速眼动睡眠中何时以及花了多少时间，这有助于改善睡眠时间表，增加拥有令人敬畏的梦的机会。对于管理者和员工来说，人们睡多少或睡得多好真的很重要，这可以提高工作效率。)”可知，最后一段建议保证高质量的睡眠。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“However, new research shows that when dreams are first recalled (回忆) , people often draw connections between their dreams and waking lives, and the connections they draw affect how they think, feel and act at work.(然而，新的研究表明，当人们第一次回忆起梦境时，他们经常会在梦境和清醒的生活之间建立联系，而这些联系会影响他们在工作中的思考、感受和行为。)”以及最后一段中“For both managers and employees, how much or how well people sleep really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work.(对于管理者和员工来说，人们睡多少或睡得多好真的很重要，这可以提高工作效率。)”可知，文章主要讲述了梦境与工作表现有关，建议保证高质量睡眠。 C （2025-2026高一下·浙江·期中）In 1964, the killing of Kitty Genovese in New York shocked the world — not only for its violence, but for the lack of action of those who saw or heard it. Reports said dozens of neighbours failed to intervene or even call the police. Though later investigations revealed the original story had been overstated (夸大), the image of the silent crowd remained. Psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané seized on the event and began a series of experiments. They discovered a troubling pattern: the more witnesses present, the less likely any individual was to help. Responsibility, it seemed, was a weak thing, quick to disappear in the crowd. Their findings showed the steps between seeing and acting. First comes noticing. Then comes understanding — is this truly an emergency? Then the question of responsibility — is it mine? At each stage, hesitation grows when others are present. In one study, participants sat in a room filling out a form as smoke began to spread in the building. When alone, they acted almost immediately. In groups, many ignored the smoke altogether, looking at one another’s calm faces and regarding others’ inaction as a sign of safety. Later research complicated the picture. In real-world emergencies recorded in video, bystanders often did intervene, and larger crowds sometimes meant that someone stepped forward. Context matters: people are quicker to help in dangerous or clear situations, or when directly ordered, such as: “You, call the police.” And close groups prove more willing than strangers gathered by chance. The lesson is uncomfortably simple: observation alone is not enough. To notice without acting can be fear disguised as politeness, or weakness hidden behind calm. Sometimes the most human act is to break the spell of the crowd, to turn seeing into clear responsibility — and to step forward when everyone else stands still. 9．What does the underlined word “intervene” mean in paragraph 1? A．offer help. B．watch closely. C．stay nearby. D．keep calm. 10．According to paragraph 3, how does the presence of others affect people’s actions? A．It makes people act more quickly. B．It increases hesitation and reduces action. C．It encourages people to take responsibility. D．It helps people better understand emergencies. 11．Which of the following people is most likely to step forward to help? A．A person in a large crowd of strangers. B．A person who is directly told to call the police. C．A person in a group where everyone looks calm. D．A person who is unsure whether it is an emergency. 12．What message does the author want to convey? A．Staying calm in all situations. B．Waiting for others to offer help. C．Taking responsibility and acting when necessary. D．Avoiding dangerous situations whenever possible. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．B 12．C 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了基蒂事件催生心理学家对旁观者效应的研究，发现围观者越多个人越易袖手旁观。后续研究表明情境影响施救行为，文章呼吁人们主动担责、打破群体沉默及时出手。 9．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“In 1964, the killing of Kitty Genovese in New York shocked the world — not only for its violence, but for the lack of action of those who saw or heard it.( 1964 年，纽约市的基蒂·吉诺维斯遇害事件震惊了全世界——不仅因为其暴力性质，还因为目睹或听到这一事件的那些人没有采取任何行动。)”以及划线单词句中“Reports said dozens of neighbours failed to… or even call the police.( 报道称，数十名邻居未能……，甚至没有报警。)”可知，此处描述了邻居们既没有介入提供帮助，甚至也没有报警的情况。由此可知，“intervene”在此处意为“干预、介入（提供帮助）”，与A选项offer help“提供帮助”同义。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Their findings showed the steps between seeing and acting. First comes noticing. Then comes understanding — is this truly an emergency? Then the question of responsibility — is it mine? At each stage, hesitation grows when others are present.( 他们的研究揭示了从看到情况到采取行动的步骤。首先是注意到。然后是理解——这真的是紧急情况吗？接着是责任问题——这是我的责任吗？在每个阶段，当有其他人在场时，犹豫就会增加。)”可知，他人的存在会增加犹豫、减少行动。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Context matters: people are quicker to help in dangerous or clear situations, or when directly ordered, such as: “You, call the police.” And close groups prove more willing than strangers gathered by chance.( 环境因素很重要：在危险或明显危险的情况下，或者在直接被命令的情况下（比如：“你，去报警。”），人们会更快地伸出援手。而偶然聚集在一起的陌生人则往往不愿意帮忙。)”可推知，被直接告知要报警的人有可能挺身而出提供帮助。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The lesson is uncomfortably simple: observation alone is not enough. To notice without acting can be fear disguised as politeness, or weakness hidden behind calm. Sometimes the most human act is to break the spell of the crowd, to turn seeing into clear responsibility — and to step forward when everyone else stands still.( 这个教训令人不安地简单：仅仅观察是不够的。仅仅观察而不采取行动可能是伪装起来的礼貌或隐藏在冷静背后的软弱。有时最人性化的举动就是打破人群的束缚，将观察转化为明确的责任感——并且在其他人静止不动时挺身而出。)”可知，文章最后一段点明主旨：仅仅观察是不够的，最具人性的行为是打破人群的沉默魔咒，将所见转化为明确的责任，在他人都袖手旁观时挺身而出。这正是作者想要传达的核心信息 ——在必要时主动承担责任并采取行动。 D （2025-2026高一下·河南周口·期中）Plastic packaging is everywhere in our world, with its waste ending up in landfills and polluting oceans, where it can take centuries to break down. To reduce this environmental pollution, industry has worked to use renewable materials in place of traditional plastics. However, developers of existing green packaging have faced difficulties in blocking moisture (湿度) and oxygen. Now, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a natural film made from materials found in plants, mushrooms, and food waste that can block moisture and oxygen as effectively as traditional plastics. Meredith, a professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, has worked for more than ten years to develop environmentally friendly oxygen and water barriers (阻隔层) for packaging. While earlier research using special materials showed promise, high moisture continued to weaken the ability of barriers. However, Meredith and his coworkers found a solution by mixing these natural materials together: cellulose (which gives plants their shape), chitosan (got from food waste or mushrooms), and citric acid (from oranges). “By mixing these materials and adding a heat treatment, we created a thin film that reduced both moisture and oxygen transmission (渗透), even in conditions similar to the hot areas,” says lead author Yang Lu. The barrier technology developed by the researchers is made up of three primary parts: a green material for formation, a plasticizer to keep flexibility, and a water-blocking additive to stop moisture. When made into thin films, these materials self-organize and create a strong, ordered formation that doesn’t change shape or become soft under high moisture conditions. Even at 80% relative moisture, the films showed excellent moisture and oxygen barrier performance, matching or outperforming common plastics. “Our approach creates barriers that are not only renewable, but also strong, offering a promising replacement for traditional plastics in packaging applications,” says Natalie Stingelin, professor and chair of Georgia Tech’s School of Materials Science. 13．What is the disadvantage of existing green packaging? A．It is easy to wear out. B．It is expensive to make. C．It takes a long time to break down. D．It performs poorly in blocking moisture. 14．How do the three primary materials mix together? A．Slowly. B．Naturally. C．Accidentally. D．Repeatedly. 15．What is the main idea of this text? A．A unique way to mix materials. B．A new study about energy transmission. C．Natural films may replace plastic packaging. D．Water-blocking films are popular in the market. 16．Where is the text probably from? A．A science magazine. B．A diary entry. C．A biology textbook. D．A travel guide. 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了研究人员开发出一种天然薄膜，可能取代塑料包装。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, developers of existing green packaging have faced difficulties in blocking moisture (湿度) and oxygen.(然而，现有的绿色包装的开发人员在阻挡水分和氧气方面面临着困难)”可知，现有绿色包装的缺点是阻挡水分的效果不好。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“When made into thin films, these materials self-organize and create a strong, ordered formation that doesn’t change shape or become soft under high moisture conditions.(当制成薄膜时，这些材料会自我组织，形成一个坚固、有序的结构，在高湿度条件下不会改变形状或变软)”可知，这三种主要材料是自然混合在一起的。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“To reduce this environmental pollution, industry has worked to use renewable materials in place of traditional plastics.(为了减少这种环境污染，工业界一直在努力用可再生材料取代传统塑料)”以及最后一段““Our approach creates barriers that are not only renewable, but also strong, offering a promising replacement for traditional plastics in packaging applications,” says Natalie Stingelin, professor and chair of Georgia Tech’s School of Materials Science.(佐治亚理工学院材料科学学院教授兼院长Natalie Stingelin说：“我们的方法创造了不仅可再生而且强大的障碍，为包装应用中的传统塑料提供了有前景的替代品。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员开发出一种天然薄膜，可能取代塑料包装。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“Plastic packaging is everywhere in our world, with its waste ending up in landfills and polluting oceans, where it can take centuries to break down.(塑料包装在我们的世界里无处不在，它的垃圾最终会被填埋并污染海洋，在那里可能需要几个世纪才能分解)”以及最后一段““Our approach creates barriers that are not only renewable, but also strong, offering a promising replacement for traditional plastics in packaging applications,” says Natalie Stingelin, professor and chair of Georgia Tech’s School of Materials Science.(佐治亚理工学院材料科学学院教授兼院长Natalie Stingelin说：“我们的方法创造了不仅可再生而且强大的障碍，为包装应用中的传统塑料提供了有前景的替代品。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员开发出一种天然薄膜，可能取代塑料包装，属于科学范畴，所以这篇文章可能来自一本科学杂志。 二、思维提升-观点分享 1.Do you think space exploration is worth the huge cost and risks? Why or why not? 2.What qualities should a good astronaut have? Please list at least two and explain. 【答案】 1.Yes, I think space exploration is worthwhile. It helps us learn more about the universe, develop new technology and make progress in science. Also, it allows humans to look for new living places and brings benefits to our daily life. Although it costs a lot and has great risks, it is meaningful for the future of mankind. 2. An excellent astronaut should have many good qualities. First, they need strong physical and mental strength to face difficult conditions in space. Second, they must be calm, responsible and good at teamwork. Besides, they should keep learning and never give up in the face of dangers. 三、思维提升-书面表达 假使你是李华，你校将举办英语辩论赛 话题：是否有必要投入大量资金进行太空探索 辩题：Is it necessary for humans to spend a huge amount of money on space exploration? 正方：Support spending much money on space exploration 反方：Against spending much money on space exploration 二选一 选一个话题写发言稿，字数在80字左右。 【答案】 正方一辩立论稿： Good morning, everyone. We firmly believe that it is necessary to spend a great deal of money on space exploration. First, space exploration helps us explore the unknown universe and make scientific breakthroughs. It promotes the development of modern technology, which can benefit our daily life. Second, exploring space allows humans to look for new resources and possible living places in the future. Third, it inspires young people to love science and pursue their dreams. In a word, space exploration is a valuable investment for mankind’s future. 反方一辩立论稿 Good morning, everyone. We hold the view that it is unnecessary to waste huge money on space exploration. First, there are still many serious problems on Earth, such as poverty, hunger and disease. We should first solve problems on our own planet. Second, space exploration is full of high risks and costs too much. The money can be used to improve education, medical care and people’s living conditions. Third, the gain of space exploration is far away, while real-life problems need immediate attention. Therefore, we should focus more on improving our present life rather than wasting money on distant space. $人教版必修第三册UNIT 4 Space Exploration Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1. 掌握本部分重点单词、短语与句型，能在听说读写中正确运用。 单词：universe, gravity, orbit, spacecraft, despite, explore, discover, achieve, satellite, rocket 等 短语：space exploration, carry on, satisfy curiosity, step onto, make progress, provide data 等 句型：Despite…, …; …have come a long way…; …is the third country to…; One…is… 等 2.运用略读、查读、主旨概括等阅读策略，梳理文章结构，提取关键信息，理解人类太空探索的发展历程、重要成就与中国航天的突出贡献。 3.辩证分析太空探索的风险与价值，客观评价科技进步与航天事故的关系，提升批判性思维与逻辑推理能力。 4.了解世界多国航天发展成就，认识国际合作的重要性；学习中国航天历程与成果，增强民族自豪感与文化自信，树立科学探索精神与人类命运共同体意识。 5.能运用所学语言知识，口头或书面介绍太空探索事件、表达个人观点，实现语言输入到输出的有效转化。 一、基础词汇记忆 1.________ /ˈspeɪs/n. 太空；空间 2.________ /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/n. 探索；探测 3.________ /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/n. 宇宙；天地万物 4.________ /ˈɡrævəti/n. 重力；引力 5.________ /ˈɔːbɪt/n. 轨道 v. 沿轨道运行 6.________ /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 7.________ /ˈsætəlaɪt/n. 卫星；人造卫星 8.________ /ˈrɒkɪt/n. 火箭 9.________ /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v. 发现；发觉 10.________ /əˈtʃiːv/v. 达到；取得；完成 11.________ /rɪˈfjuːz/v. 拒绝；回绝 12.________ /ˈmeɪdʒərəti/n. 大多数；大半 13.________ /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/v. 毕业 n. 毕业生 14.________ /rɪˈdʒekt/v. 拒绝；不录用；排斥 15.________ /tʃɑːdʒ/v. 收费；指控 n. 费用；主管 16.________ /rɪˈdjuːs/v. 减少；降低 17.________ /ɪˈlekt/v. 选举；推选 18.________ /tend/v. 照顾；护理；倾向于 19.________ /ˈpʌblɪʃ/v. 出版；发表 20.________ /ˈreskjuː/v.& n. 营救；救援 二、词块记忆 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________ 太空探索 2.____________ 继续做；坚持做 3.____________ 登上月球 4.____________ 取得进步 5.____________ 满足好奇心 6.____________ 提供宝贵数据 7.____________ 逃离地球引力 8.____________ 绕地球运行 9.____________ 载人航天飞行 10.____________ 未来太空计划 【知识梳理1】despite /in spite of 尽管，不管，任凭 【常用搭配】 despite + 名词 /doing in spite of + 名词 /doing 转换：despite = in spite of（完全同义） 【即学即练】 1.Despite ________ (face) great difficulties, they never gave up space exploration. 2.He went out ________ spite of the heavy rain. 3.________ the risks, scientists still carry on researching space. 4.________________________ (尽管有风险), we will continue exploring space. 5.He kept working ________________________ (尽管很累). 6.________________________ (尽管下雨), they arrived at the space station on time. 【知识梳理2】“the + 序数词 + 名词 + to do” 结构 【规则】 1.名词前面有序数词（first, second, third…）the + 序数词 + n. + to do 2.后面必须用不定式 to do 作定语 3.不能用 doing /done 4.最高级后面也用 to do 【即学即练】 1. He is the best student ________ (solve) the problem. 2.This is the first work ________ (finish) by the astronaut. 3.The last person ________ (know) the truth is Tom.4. 当你处于进退两难的境地时，不妨向父母寻求建议。 4.他是第一个登上月球的宇航员。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.她是第二位进入太空的中国女性。 ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理3】China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.（p41）2003 年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船成功绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。 【知识拓展】 主句：China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003 非限制性定语从句：when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1.Human beings landed on the moon in 1969, _______ shocked the whole world.（人类 1969 年登上月球，这件事震惊了全世界。） 2.We will reach the space station next month, _______ we can do some scientific experiments.（我们下个月将抵达空间站，在那里我们可以做一些科学实验。） 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The astronaut managed ________ (orbit) the moon successfully in the spacecraft. 2.The government decided to reduce the cost of ________ (rocket) production. 3.Most people have the strong desire ________ (achieve) their space dreams. 4.The brave scientist refused ________ (reject) the difficult space task. 5.The machine ________ (charge) with electricity can work in outer space. 6.A large ________ (major) of students are interested in space science. 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 她是第一位被选为公司总经理的女性，凭借能力赢得了所有人的尊重。 She is the first woman ________________________ the general manager of the company and won everyone’s respect with her ability. 2. 尽管存在巨大风险，人类仍旧继续探索宇宙的奥秘。 ________________________ the huge risks, humans still continue to explore the secrets of the universe. 3. 杨利伟是第一位进入太空的中国航天员。 Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ________________________ into space. 4. 大多数科学家致力于降低火箭的发射成本。 A majority of scientists work hard ________________________ the cost of rocket launches. 5. 这是今年发表的关于太空引力研究的重要报告之一。 It is one of the important reports ________________________ about space gravity this year. 三、课文语法填空 Space exploration has always been a dream for humans. For centuries, people have been curious about the universe and eager 1. ________ (explore) outer space. In 2003, China became the third country in the world 2. ________ (independent) send humans into space, 3. ________ made Yang Liwei a national hero. Despite 4. ________ (huge) risks, astronauts never give up. They carry out tasks in spacecraft and orbit Earth successfully. Most scientists devote themselves to space research, hoping 5. ________ (make) new discoveries. Some satellites 6. ________ (send) into space to collect data every year. The gravity in space is different from7. ________ on Earth, which brings many challenges. A majority of researchers believe that space exploration is worth 8. ________ (effort). It is mankind's determination 9. ________ helps us move forward step by step. We firmly believe that more space secrets 10. ________ (unlock) in the future. 一、阅读理解 A （2025-2026高一下·陕西西安·期中）I didn’t always drink a lot of caffeine (咖啡因). I hardly enjoyed the taste of coffee until my mid-20s. But once I started working long hours from home, I soon needed a third cup of coffee just to feel the energy one used to give me. But by the end of the day, my heart felt like it was beating faster, I couldn’t relax, and it was difficult to fall asleep. According to Dr. Giuseppe Aragona, an online doctor, caffeine dependence isn’t sustainable (可持续的). “Imagine your body like your finances. Running it on caffeine is the same as surviving through credit cards,” he said. “Eventually, the bank (your body in this case) will want to cash-in, and this makes it much more likely for you to become tired, lose focus, and-by the end of the day want to achieve nothing.” So I decided to remove all caffeinated drinks from my life for two weeks, no matter how awful it felt. I started with three cups of lemon water in the morning, had a decaffeinated soda in the afternoon, and ended with a cup of tea. Though the effects, at first, were hardly the same, the act of getting up from my desk to refill my cup made the day a bit more bearable. Dr. Aragona also told me that kicking all the caffeine could help me find a more natural body rhythm (节律) and reduce my anxiety levels. But along the way, he said I’d likely be sleepy. “Of course, you will still get tired, but this is natural, because all caffeine is doing is saving that for later — and likely to a greater degree after you force your body into overdrive,” he added. The first three days were awful. I felt extremely tired, had really terrible headaches, and could barely make it to 10 a.m. without wanting to take a nap. After about a week, I felt like a different person. By the end of the two weeks, I felt a lot more in control of my mind, body, and life. And I didn’t miss caffeine as much as I thought I would. 1．Why did the author start to drink a lot of caffeine? A．To keep energetic. B．To stay up late. C．To enjoy the taste. D．To fight severe stress. 2．What is a result of caffeine dependence according to Dr. Aragona? A．Financial difficulties. B．Physical burnout. C．Longer working hours. D．Emotional breakdown 3．According to Dr. Aragona why do people feel sleepy when quitting caffeine? A．Caffeine saves energy for later. B．They overdrive their body. C．Their body gets back to normal. D．They want to take a nap. 4．Which of the following best describes the author’s experience of quitting caffeine? A．Tiring but interesting. B．Boring but worthwhile. C．Painful but rewarding. D．Awkward but educational. B （2025-2026高一下·福建福州·期中）Dreaming appears to have little connection to work. However, new research shows that when dreams are first recalled (回忆), people often draw connections between their dreams and waking lives, and the connections they draw affect how they think, feel and act at work. The team performed the studies that collectively captured approximately 5,000 morning reports of dream recall among full-time employees. The researchers issued morning field study, a single-day morning-to-afternoon study, and a two-week experience sampling study. “An awe-inspiring dream is highly impactful and memorable, often involving extraordinary experiences or interactions. For example, we arrive at work shortly after interacting with our loved ones who have passed away, narrowly escaping or performing arts of amazing ability.” Belinda, the chief of the study, said. “These experiences bleed into and affect our waking lives, including how productive we are at work.” Imagine you recall an awe-inspiring dream in the morning, and then later in the afternoon, your boss tells you to conduct 10 more interviews than you were expecting to do. You might now think that it’s not that big a deal because your awe-inspiring dream just puts everything into perspective. You have a greater realization that there’s a bigger world out there and you’re just part of it. “So, get a good night’s sleep for waking wonder!” Belinda added. Studies show that dreams appear in all stages of sleep and are impactful. However, the most vivid dreams — those most likely to have meaning and create waking wonder — appear during REM sleep. Because REM sleep takes place late in a given sleep cycle (循环) , getting enough and high-quality sleep will help you get the most out of your dreams. Sleep tracking devices can show when and how much time you spend in REM sleep, which help improve sleep schedules to increase the chance of having awe-inspiring dreams. For both managers and employees, how much or how well people sleep really means a lot, which can increase productivity at work. 5．What is paragraph 2 intended to explain? A．Why a dream is recorded. B．How the study is conducted. C．What the study revealed. D．Who joined in the research. 6．What can we learn about awe-inspiring dream from paragraph 3 and 4? A．A scary dream. B．A morning dream. C．An influential dream. D．A logical dream. 7．What does the last paragraph recommend? A．Sleep-tracking study. B．Quality sleep. C．Waking wonder. D．Healthy living habits. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Dreams can be connected with productivity. B．Dreams impact all sleep stages. C．Dreams contribute to one’s mental health. D．Dreams are attracting greater attention worldwide. C （2025-2026高一下·浙江·期中）In 1964, the killing of Kitty Genovese in New York shocked the world — not only for its violence, but for the lack of action of those who saw or heard it. Reports said dozens of neighbours failed to intervene or even call the police. Though later investigations revealed the original story had been overstated (夸大), the image of the silent crowd remained. Psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané seized on the event and began a series of experiments. They discovered a troubling pattern: the more witnesses present, the less likely any individual was to help. Responsibility, it seemed, was a weak thing, quick to disappear in the crowd. Their findings showed the steps between seeing and acting. First comes noticing. Then comes understanding — is this truly an emergency? Then the question of responsibility — is it mine? At each stage, hesitation grows when others are present. In one study, participants sat in a room filling out a form as smoke began to spread in the building. When alone, they acted almost immediately. In groups, many ignored the smoke altogether, looking at one another’s calm faces and regarding others’ inaction as a sign of safety. Later research complicated the picture. In real-world emergencies recorded in video, bystanders often did intervene, and larger crowds sometimes meant that someone stepped forward. Context matters: people are quicker to help in dangerous or clear situations, or when directly ordered, such as: “You, call the police.” And close groups prove more willing than strangers gathered by chance. The lesson is uncomfortably simple: observation alone is not enough. To notice without acting can be fear disguised as politeness, or weakness hidden behind calm. Sometimes the most human act is to break the spell of the crowd, to turn seeing into clear responsibility — and to step forward when everyone else stands still. 9．What does the underlined word “intervene” mean in paragraph 1? A．offer help. B．watch closely. C．stay nearby. D．keep calm. 10．According to paragraph 3, how does the presence of others affect people’s actions? A．It makes people act more quickly. B．It increases hesitation and reduces action. C．It encourages people to take responsibility. D．It helps people better understand emergencies. 11．Which of the following people is most likely to step forward to help? A．A person in a large crowd of strangers. B．A person who is directly told to call the police. C．A person in a group where everyone looks calm. D．A person who is unsure whether it is an emergency. 12．What message does the author want to convey? A．Staying calm in all situations. B．Waiting for others to offer help. C．Taking responsibility and acting when necessary. D．Avoiding dangerous situations whenever possible. D （2025-2026高一下·河南周口·期中）Plastic packaging is everywhere in our world, with its waste ending up in landfills and polluting oceans, where it can take centuries to break down. To reduce this environmental pollution, industry has worked to use renewable materials in place of traditional plastics. However, developers of existing green packaging have faced difficulties in blocking moisture (湿度) and oxygen. Now, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a natural film made from materials found in plants, mushrooms, and food waste that can block moisture and oxygen as effectively as traditional plastics. Meredith, a professor in Georgia Tech’s School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, has worked for more than ten years to develop environmentally friendly oxygen and water barriers (阻隔层) for packaging. While earlier research using special materials showed promise, high moisture continued to weaken the ability of barriers. However, Meredith and his coworkers found a solution by mixing these natural materials together: cellulose (which gives plants their shape), chitosan (got from food waste or mushrooms), and citric acid (from oranges). “By mixing these materials and adding a heat treatment, we created a thin film that reduced both moisture and oxygen transmission (渗透), even in conditions similar to the hot areas,” says lead author Yang Lu. The barrier technology developed by the researchers is made up of three primary parts: a green material for formation, a plasticizer to keep flexibility, and a water-blocking additive to stop moisture. When made into thin films, these materials self-organize and create a strong, ordered formation that doesn’t change shape or become soft under high moisture conditions. Even at 80% relative moisture, the films showed excellent moisture and oxygen barrier performance, matching or outperforming common plastics. “Our approach creates barriers that are not only renewable, but also strong, offering a promising replacement for traditional plastics in packaging applications,” says Natalie Stingelin, professor and chair of Georgia Tech’s School of Materials Science. 13．What is the disadvantage of existing green packaging? A．It is easy to wear out. B．It is expensive to make. C．It takes a long time to break down. D．It performs poorly in blocking moisture. 14．How do the three primary materials mix together? A．Slowly. B．Naturally. C．Accidentally. D．Repeatedly. 15．What is the main idea of this text? A．A unique way to mix materials. B．A new study about energy transmission. C．Natural films may replace plastic packaging. D．Water-blocking films are popular in the market. 16．Where is the text probably from? A．A science magazine. B．A diary entry. C．A biology textbook. D．A travel guide. 二、思维提升-观点分享 1.Do you think space exploration is worth the huge cost and risks? Why or why not? 2.What qualities should a good astronaut have? Please list at least two and explain. 三、思维提升-书面表达 假使你是李华，你校将举办英语辩论赛 话题：是否有必要投入大量资金进行太空探索 辩题：Is it necessary for humans to spend a huge amount of money on space exploration? 正方：Support spending much money on space exploration 反方：Against spending much money on space exploration 二选一 选一个话题写发言稿，字数在80字左右。 $