Unit 2 Listening and Speaking-Reading and Thinking（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语人教版必修第三册

人教版必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Listening and Speaking-Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1. 掌握本部分重点单词、短语与句型，能在听说读写中正确运用。 √单词：precious, entrust, refuse, majority, tuition, graduate, scholarship, physician, reject, private, clinic, charge, reduce, elect, tend, publish, rescue 等 √短语：moral dilemma, entrance examination, faint, be eager to, doubt, admire, be faced with, affect, instead of, complain, respond, graduate from, be hired as, be named, be sent to, be impressed by, serve, be appointed, in need of, open a private clinic, charge low fees, reduce costs, provide medical care, play a key role, be elected to, tend patients, publish research, be responsible for, deliver babies, retire, leave savings to 等 √句型：If you choose one..., you might...; Why should...?; I'd rather...; nothing is more precious than...; not...until... 等 2. 理解道德困境（moral dilemma）的含义，能听懂、描述并讨论相关情境。 3. 学习通过语音语调判断说话人态度、情绪，提升听力微技能。 4. 了解林巧稚医生的生平与抉择，学习其精神品质，掌握根据事实细节得出结论的阅读策略，学会理性思考人生选择。 一、基础词汇记忆 1. ________ /ˈmɒrəl/ adj.道德的；精神上的 n.道德；品行 2. ________ /dɪˈlemə/ n.困境；进退两难 3. ________ /ˈentrəns/ n.入口；进入；入学 4. ________ /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ n.考试；检查；审查 5. ________ /ˈfeɪnt/ vi.昏厥；晕倒 adj.虚弱的；模糊的 6. ________ /ˈpreʃəs/ adj.珍贵的；宝贵的 7. ________ /ɪnˈtrʌst/ vt.委托；托付 8. ________ /rɪˈfjuːz/ v.拒绝；回绝 /ˈrefjuːs/ n.垃圾；废弃物 9. ________ /məˈdʒɒrəti/ n.大多数；大半 10. ________ /ˈɡrædʒuət/ n.毕业生 vi.毕业 11. ________ /rɪˈdʒekt/ vt.拒绝；排斥；拒收 12. ________ /ˈpraɪvət/ adj.私人的；私有的 13. ________ /tʃɑːdʒ/ v.收费；指控 n.费用；主管 14. ________ /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt.减少；降低 15. ________ /ɪˈlekt/ vt.选举；推选 16. ________ /tend/ v.照料；倾向于 17. ________ /rɪˈspɒnd/ vi.回应；回答→________ /rɪˈspɒns/ n.回应；反应 18. ________ /ˈmedsn/ n.药；医学→________ /ˈmedɪkl/ adj.医学的；医疗的 19. ________ /ɪˈlekʃn/ n.选举；当选 20. nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ n.________ 21. ________ /ˈneɪʃn/ n.国家；民族；国民 二、词块记忆 1. 道德困境 ___________2. 入学考试 ___________3. 晕倒；昏厥 ___________4. 人生选择 ___________ 5. 传统道路 ___________6. 学费 ___________7. 毕业于 ___________8. 最高奖项 ___________9. 住院医师 ___________10. 主任医师；总住院医师 ___________11. 拒绝邀请/提议 ___________12. 被任命为 ___________13. 私立诊所 ___________14. 收取费用 ___________15. 降低成本 ___________16. 全国人民代表大会 ___________17. 照顾病人 ___________18. 对……负责 ___________19. 接生婴儿 ___________20. 浪费药物 ___________ Part 1 Listening and Speaking 【知识梳理1】virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 【常用搭配】 traditional virtues 传统美德 a man of virtue 品德高尚的人 have the virtue of 具有……的美德 virtue and honesty 美德与诚实 【即学即练】 1. Honesty and kindness are important _______________ for every teenager. 2. We should learn to keep and pass on _______________ from our ancestors. 3. Being patient and honest is regarded as a kind of good _______________. 4. 我们都应该努力成为一个诚实且品德高尚的人。 We should try to be an honest man __________________________. 5. 勤奋和善良是每个人都应该具备的优秀品质。 Diligence and kindness are great __________________________. 【知识梳理2】dilemma /dɪˈlemə/ n. 进退两难的境地；困境 【常用搭配】 face a dilemma 面临困境 be in a dilemma 处于两难境地 solve the dilemma 解决困境 a moral dilemma 道德困境 【即学即练】 1. When he had to choose between study and part-time job, he was _______________. 2. Many young students often don’t know how to deal with _______________ properly. 3. She _______________ when she had to decide between dream and reality. 4. 当你处于进退两难的境地时，不妨向父母寻求建议。 You may ask parents for advice when you __________________________. 5. 面对这样的困境，我们应该冷静思考并做出正确选择。 Facing such a situation, we should learn to __________________________. 【知识梳理3】A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make. (P14) 道德困境是一种你必须在两个或多个艰难选择中做出决定的情况。 【知识拓展】 本句为定语从句，先行词是situation，关系词in which 可替换为where，在从句中作地点状语。 a situation in which... 一种……的情况 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. This is a special situation ________________ before deciding. 一种你需要仔细思考再做决定的特殊情况。 2. When facing a moral dilemma, people often ________________ because all choices are hard. 面临道德困境时，人们通常有艰难的选择要做，因为所有选择都很艰难。 【知识梳理4】When you listen, you should pay attention not only to the words but also to HOW the speaker is talking. (P15) 当你听的时候，你不仅要注意说话的内容，还要注意说话者的说话方式。 【知识拓展】 not only...but also... 不仅……而且……，连接两个并列的宾语（to the words 和 to HOW the speaker is talking）。 pay attention to 注意，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 how the speaker is talking 宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. When learning English, we should ________________ the pronunciation ________________ the grammar. 学习英语时，我们不仅要注意发音，还要注意语法。 2. You should ________________ what the teacher says in class, or you will miss key points. 你在课堂上应该注意老师说的话，否则你会错过重点。 Part 2 Reading and thinking 【知识梳理1】illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 【常用搭配】 illustrate sth. with sth. 用某物说明/阐明某物 illustrate a point 阐明观点 illustrate a book 给一本书加插图 【即学即练】 1. The teacher used a simple example to make a clear ________________ (illustrate) of his point in class. 2. The author illustrated the story ________________ beautiful pictures to attract readers. 3. 我们应该用具体的例子来阐明这个复杂的观点。 We should use specific examples to ________________ . 【知识梳理2】majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ n. 大部分；大多数 【常用搭配】 the majority of + 名词（复数/不可数） 大部分……；大多数……（名词为复数时，谓语动词用复数；名词为不可数时，谓语动词用单数） in the majority 占大多数 a majority of 大多数的 in the majority 占大多数 a majority of 大多数的 【即学即练】 1. The majority of the students in our class____ (be)willing to take part in the volunteer activity. 2. People in the small town are friendly, and the majority ________________ them are ready to help others. 3. A ________________ (major) of young people prefer modern music to traditional music nowadays. 4. In this village, the majority ________________ villagers make a living by growing vegetables. 5. 大多数学生都希望能有更多的课外活动时间。 ________________ students hope to have more time for after-school activities. 【知识梳理3】complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ vi. ＆vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 【常用搭配】 complain about sth. 抱怨某事 complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事 complain that... 抱怨……（后接宾语从句） 【即学即练】 1. Many students often make ________________ (complain) about the heavy homework and lack of rest time. 2. She complained ________________ her teacher about the unfair treatment she received. 3. The old man often complains ________________ the cold weather to his neighbors. 4. 他总是向父母抱怨学习压力太大。 He always ________________ about the great pressure of study. 5. 很多人抱怨现代生活节奏太快，没有时间休息。 Many people ________________ and having no time to rest. 【知识梳理4】respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ vt. 回答；回复 vi. 做出反应；回应 【常用搭配】 respond to sth. 对某事做出反应；回应某事 respond to sb. 回复某人 respond with sth. 用某物回应 【即学即练】 1. The government made a quick ________________ (respond) to the public’s concerns about food safety. 2. He didn’t respond ________________ my message, which made me a little worried. 3. He responded ________________ a warm smile to my greeting, making me feel very kind. 4. 我们应该及时回应父母的关心，让他们感受到我们的爱。 We should ________________ in time to make them feel our love. 【知识梳理5】To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired？(P17) 对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎能拒绝这份信任，说自己冷、饿或累呢？ 【知识拓展】 本句中nothing is more precious than... 表“没有什么比……更珍贵”。 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子 1.To a teacher, ________________ than seeing their students make progress. 对一位老师来说，没有什么比看到学生进步更珍贵。 2.To a writer, ________________ than being understood by readers. 对一位作家来说，没有什么比被读者理解更宝贵。 3.In our life, ________________ than the love and care from family. 在我们的生活中，没有什么比家人的关爱更珍贵。 【知识梳理6】She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. (P17) 她立即成为北京协和医院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘用为住院医师的女性。 【知识拓展】 本句含不定式作后置定语，the first woman to do sth. 表“第一位做某事的女性”，to be hired为被动式，表“被聘用”。 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子 1.He is ________________ to be admitted to study medicine. 他是村里第一个被录取学医的年轻人。 2.She is ________________ to work in the remote mountain area. 她是第一位被派往偏远山区工作的女医生。 3.Tu Youyou is ________________ to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. 屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国科学家。 【知识梳理7】Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. (P17) 尽管林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”，一生中接生了超过5万名婴儿。 【知识拓展】 本句含though引导的让步状语从句，having delivered为现在分词完成式，作伴随状语，表动作先于主句动作发生。 【即学即练】 一、单句语法填空 1.________ she was very tired, she still went on working. 2.________ (work) for a whole day, she continued to look after the patients. 二、根据所给汉语完成句子 1.________________, she devoted all her life to medical work. 尽管她一生未婚，她将毕生都奉献给了医疗事业。 2.________________, he still stuck to his post in the hospital. 尽管他已年过八十，他仍然坚守在医院岗位上。 3.________________, the doctor has saved thousands of lives in her career. 一生致力于救死扶伤，这位医生在职业生涯中挽救了数千条生命。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.People should always stick to justice and pursue high (moral) in both words and actions. 2.A wise person is someone who has the virtue honesty, courage and self-discipline in daily life. 3.When choosing between dream and reality, many young people are in dilemma about their future. 4.This example gives a vivid (illustrate) of how kindness can change a person’s life. 5.We should love and protect the rare animals and treat every life (precious) on the earth. 6.His love and encouragement carried him all the hard times in his life. 7.True and happy (marry) requires both love and responsibility from husband and wife. 8.The (major) of students hope to improve their abilities through hard work. 9.If you have any (complain), you can communicate with others in a calm and polite way. 10.His quick and proper (respond) to the accident won high praise from people around. 11.The experienced (physic) always gives patients professional and warm medical advice. 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 她是第一位被选为公司总经理的女性，凭借能力赢得了所有人的尊重。 She is the first woman ________________________ the general manager of the company and won everyone’s respect with her ability. 2. 没有什么比家人的陪伴更珍贵，它能给我们无尽的温暖和力量。 Nothing ________________________ the company of family, which can give us endless warmth and strength. 3. 尽管他身体不适，但他仍然坚持上班，认真完成了当天的所有工作。 ________________________ he was unwell, he still insisted on going to work and finished all the work of the day carefully. 4. 他做完所有准备工作后，才开始向大家介绍这个新的项目方案。 ________________________ all the preparations, he began to introduce the new project plan to everyone. 5.他不仅给我们提供了帮助，还教会了我们解决问题的方法和技巧。 He not only offered us help ________________________ to solve problems. 6. 我们处于一个需要不断学习和进步的环境中，否则就会被时代淘汰。 We are in a situation ________________________ , otherwise we will be eliminated by the times. 三、课文语法填空 When she was five years old， Lin Qiaozhi was deeply 1.__________（affect） by her mother’s death. At age 18， she chose to study medicine unlike the 2.__________（major） of girls. Eight years later， Lin graduated 3._______ Peking Union Medical College and immediately became the first woman ever 4._____________（hire） as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. In 1941， the department was closed because of the war. 5.__________（think） of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin 6._________（open） a private clinic. She charged very low 7.______（fee） to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. In 1954, she was selected to the first National People’s Congress and, over the next several 8._________（decade）, she held many important positions. Dr Lin did not retire 9.__________the day she died, 22 April 1983. Since she had no children of her own, she left her 10._________（save） to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. 一、阅读理解 A （浙江杭州市2025-2026学年第一学期期末）For more than 30 years, Fang Beisong, an expert at repairing old objects at Jingzhou Museum, has worked to make ancient words on bamboo and wooden pieces readable again. These pieces are called jiandu. One special moment came in 2015. While cleaning a bamboo piece from the Warring States Period, he found the words for “hold your hand and grow old with you”, a line from The Book of Songs. “I felt the light and warmth of our history and culture,” Fang recalled. After finishing his studies in chemistry in 1988, Fang began working at the museum, using science for his love of history. He focuses on jiandu — things people wrote on before paper was used. In 2002, he faced a huge task — over 92,000 pieces from the Qin Dynasty were found in Hunan. He stayed in Changsha for nine years, working 12 hours a day to sort out and protect them. Preserving jiandu is extremely difficult. They are made of natural materials and break down easily. Once unearthed, they quickly turn black in the air, making the writing unreadable. Fang’s repair work involves over 20 steps, with decoloring and dewatering being the most important. Decoloring brings back the original (原来的) color and keeps the words clear, while dewatering helps them leave the wet condition and stay steady for keeping. After years of trying, he found a good two-step way and won a national technology prize in 2019. Each case is different. In 2020, his team worked on Han Dynasty bamboo pieces from a robbed tomb in Dingzhou. The pieces broke easily. They tried over 70 times to keep them together. Even though the writing was almost impossible to see, a special camera using infrared (红外线的) light showed the words clearly. So far, Fang and his team have fixed over 100,000 pieces. “For things like these, once they are dug up, there’s only a short time to save them. I cannot stop — the faster I work, the more of our history I can save,” said Fang. 1．How did Fang feel when he saw the line from The Book of Songs? A．Moved. B．Bored. C．Shocked. D．Confused. 2．What do we know about Fang’s work in Changsha after 2002? A．He got a national award right after. B．He solved all preservation issues there. C．He worked long hours to preserve jiandu. D．He went there to study Qin Dynasty history. 3．What does the underlined word “decoloring” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Washing the surface to remove dirt. B．Changing the color of jiandu. C．Preventing jiandu from turning black. D．Recovering the true color. 4．What lesson can we learn from Fang’s story? A．More haste, less speed. B．Time and tide wait for no man. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Where there’s a will, there’s a way. B （河北省衡水市衡水中学2025-2026学年度高一年级上学期综合素质评价）Alex de Minaur, an Australian professional tennis player, has impressed the tennis world with a beautiful act for his opponent (对手) after the Washington final. De Minaur saved three championship points to win the 10th ATP title of his career, defeating (战胜) Spanish player Alejandro DavidovichFokina. Fokina was heartbroken after losing three championship points in the third set — the last one came when de Minaur made an amazing effort to survive. The Spaniard has never won a title at the ATP level, and has now lost in two finals. Fokina cried after the final point and hid his face in his towel (毛巾). De Minaur noticed “his” opponent’s low spirits and at once went to comfort him. The Aussie was seen sitting next to Fokina before resting an arm around him and offering some words of encouragement. Tennis fans were blown away by de Minaur’s act, which came before he’d celebrated the victory (胜利). De Minaur also offered some kind words for Fokina in his victory speech, saying: “You’re way too good not to have one of these victories. It’s coming for sure. You deserved (值得) it today. I just got lucky. You are a great competitor and player. This is not the end.” Davidovich Fokina also praised de Minaur, saying the Australian “deserved the win”. “He was fighting for every ball,” he added. The beautiful moment between the pair made the tennis world fall in love with de Minaur even more. One person wrote online: “Hard not to feel for Alejandro Davidovich Fokina today and hard not to admire how kind this was of Alex de Minaur.” Another commented: “I have a newfound respect for Alex de Minaur after he comforted Fokina. He is a truly humble (谦逊的) man.” 5．What happened in the third set of the Washington final? A．Fokina lost his lead with regret. B．One of the players got hurt badly. C．De Minaur won the game dishonestly. D．The audience threw towels at the players. 6．What did de Minaur do right after the match? A．He quickly celebrated his victory. B．He left without speaking to Fokina. C．He comforted his opponent right away. D．He gave a speech to thank the audience. 7．What does the underlined phrase “blown away” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Worried and afraid. B．Angry and speechless. C．Interested and curious. D．Surprised and impressed. 8．What can we learn from the text? A．Victory and defeat are both lessons. B．Respect and care win true high regard. C．Courage turns challenges into chances. D．Experience helps to encourage excellence. C （山东淄博市张店区淄博实验中学2025-2026学年度第一学期高一期未）Good social connections are related to better health, and a new research shows that regularly helping people outside one’s family can clearly slow down the decline in thinking ability among middle-aged and older adults. Both organized volunteer work and informal helping are equally useful, according to a study led by researchers from the University of Texas at Austin. This study is one of the first to compare organized volunteer work and informal helping. Informal helping, such as giving someone a ride or looking after children, was once thought to have fewer health benefits because it gets less social recognition. But the research found that it helps improve thinking ability just as much as organized volunteer work. Helping for 2 to 4 hours a week gives the strongest and most lasting benefits. Long-term figures from the national Health and Retirement Study support these findings. After considering elements like money, physical health and mental health, continuing to help others still slows down the drop in thinking ability. The benefits grow when helping becomes a regular habit year after year. On the other hand, stopping helping others is connected to worse thinking ability. The results show that everyday acts of support — whether organized or informal should be seen as public health issues. This is especially important for older people, who are more likely to face problems like poorer thinking ability and Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症). Other research by the same team found that volunteer work reduces the harmful effects of long-term stress on body inflammation (炎症) — a known cause of poorer thinking ability. This benefit is bigger for people with more inflammation. In general, helping others is good for brain health. It reduces the physical tiredness caused by pressure and strengthens social connections. As more societies grow older and loneliness becomes a bigger problem, giving older people — even those who are not in the best health— chances to help others is valuable. These people may get great benefits from such opportunities. 9．What is true about informal helping? A．Less social recognition. B．Fewer health benefits. C．More effective than volunteering. D．Over four-hour service time. 10．What can be inferred about long-term regular helping? A．It needs much money. B．It brings growing benefits. C．It requires professional skills. D．It only suits healthy people. 11．Why is the research important for public health? A．It solves aging problems. B．It lowers medical costs. C．It improves social equality. D．It lowers the elderly’s health risks. 12．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．Loneliness hits the old most. B．Helping others benefits social ties. C．Health determines helping ability. D．Brain health is a top health need. 二、思维提升-观点分享 Share your understanding of morals and virtues and talk about their importance in daily life. 1. What is one important virtue you think everyone should have? 2. Give one simple example to show how you practice good morals in your daily life. 3. Why are morals and virtues important for us to get along with others? 三、思维提升-书面表达 假使你是李华，你校将举办“MORALS AND VIRTUES”主题分享会，旨在引导同学们践行美德、传递善意。请你给外国笔友Peter写一封邀请信，邀请他线上参与，并简单介绍活动相关情况。 内容如下： ① 活动的目的和意义 ② 活动的主要流程（至少2点），并结合美德主题说明参与价值。 二选一 1. 请给Peter写三条邀请相关的建议（含参与方式、准备内容），要求至少用上文章中的5个单词或短语（如virtue, kindness, honesty, responsibility, practice, share）。 2. 请给Peter写一封完整的邀请信，并在其中介绍活动的核心意义，传递美德的重要性。 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Listening and Speaking-Reading and Thinking（导学案） 1. 掌握本部分重点单词、短语与句型，能在听说读写中正确运用。 √单词：precious, entrust, refuse, majority, tuition, graduate, scholarship, physician, reject, private, clinic, charge, reduce, elect, tend, publish, rescue 等 √短语：moral dilemma, entrance examination, faint, be eager to, doubt, admire, be faced with, affect, instead of, complain, respond, graduate from, be hired as, be named, be sent to, be impressed by, serve, be appointed, in need of, open a private clinic, charge low fees, reduce costs, provide medical care, play a key role, be elected to, tend patients, publish research, be responsible for, deliver babies, retire, leave savings to 等 √句型：If you choose one..., you might...; Why should...?; I'd rather...; nothing is more precious than...; not...until... 等 2. 理解道德困境（moral dilemma）的含义，能听懂、描述并讨论相关情境。 3. 学习通过语音语调判断说话人态度、情绪，提升听力微技能。 4. 了解林巧稚医生的生平与抉择，学习其精神品质，掌握根据事实细节得出结论的阅读策略，学会理性思考人生选择。 一、基础词汇记忆 1. ________ /ˈmɒrəl/ adj.道德的；精神上的 n.道德；品行 2. ________ /dɪˈlemə/ n.困境；进退两难 3. ________ /ˈentrəns/ n.入口；进入；入学 4. ________ /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ n.考试；检查；审查 5. ________ /ˈfeɪnt/ vi.昏厥；晕倒 adj.虚弱的；模糊的 6. ________ /ˈpreʃəs/ adj.珍贵的；宝贵的 7. ________ /ɪnˈtrʌst/ vt.委托；托付 8. ________ /rɪˈfjuːz/ v.拒绝；回绝 /ˈrefjuːs/ n.垃圾；废弃物 9. ________ /məˈdʒɒrəti/ n.大多数；大半 10. ________ /ˈɡrædʒuət/ n.毕业生 vi.毕业 11. ________ /rɪˈdʒekt/ vt.拒绝；排斥；拒收 12. ________ /ˈpraɪvət/ adj.私人的；私有的 13. ________ /tʃɑːdʒ/ v.收费；指控 n.费用；主管 14. ________ /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt.减少；降低 15. ________ /ɪˈlekt/ vt.选举；推选 16. ________ /tend/ v.照料；倾向于 17. ________ /rɪˈspɒnd/ vi.回应；回答→________ /rɪˈspɒns/ n.回应；反应 18. ________ /ˈmedsn/ n.药；医学→________ /ˈmedɪkl/ adj.医学的；医疗的 19. ________ /ɪˈlekʃn/ n.选举；当选 20. nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ n.________ 21. ________ /ˈneɪʃn/ n.国家；民族；国民 【答案】 1. moral 2. dilemma 3. entrance 4. examination 5. faint 6. precious 7. entrust 8. refuse 9. majority 10. graduate 11. reject 12. private 13. charge 14. reduce 15. elect 16. tend 17. respond; response 18. medicine; medical 19. election 20. 国籍；民族 21. nation 二、词块记忆 1. 道德困境 ___________2. 入学考试 ___________3. 晕倒；昏厥 ___________4. 人生选择 ___________ 5. 传统道路 ___________6. 学费 ___________7. 毕业于 ___________8. 最高奖项 ___________9. 住院医师 ___________10. 主任医师；总住院医师 ___________11. 拒绝邀请/提议 ___________12. 被任命为 ___________13. 私立诊所 ___________14. 收取费用 ___________15. 降低成本 ___________16. 全国人民代表大会 ___________17. 照顾病人 ___________18. 对……负责 ___________19. 接生婴儿 ___________20. 浪费药物 ___________ 【答案】 1. moral dilemma2. entrance examination3. faint / pass out4. life choices5. traditional path6. tuition fees7. graduate from8. the highest prize9. resident physician10. chief resident physician11. reject the offer12. be appointed as13. private clinic14. charge fees15. reduce costs16. the National People's Congress17. tend patients18. be responsible for19. deliver babies20. waste medicine Part 1 Listening and Speaking 【知识梳理1】virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 【常用搭配】 traditional virtues 传统美德 a man of virtue 品德高尚的人 have the virtue of 具有……的美德 virtue and honesty 美德与诚实 【即学即练】 1. Honesty and kindness are important _______________ for every teenager. 2. We should learn to keep and pass on _______________ from our ancestors. 3. Being patient and honest is regarded as a kind of good _______________. 4. 我们都应该努力成为一个诚实且品德高尚的人。 We should try to be an honest man __________________________. 5. 勤奋和善良是每个人都应该具备的优秀品质。 Diligence and kindness are great __________________________. 【答案】 1. virtues 2. traditional virtues 3. virtue 4. of virtue 5. virtues that everyone should have 【知识梳理2】dilemma /dɪˈlemə/ n. 进退两难的境地；困境 【常用搭配】 face a dilemma 面临困境 be in a dilemma 处于两难境地 solve the dilemma 解决困境 a moral dilemma 道德困境 【即学即练】 1. When he had to choose between study and part-time job, he was _______________. 2. Many young students often don’t know how to deal with _______________ properly. 3. She _______________ when she had to decide between dream and reality. 4. 当你处于进退两难的境地时，不妨向父母寻求建议。 You may ask parents for advice when you __________________________. 5. 面对这样的困境，我们应该冷静思考并做出正确选择。 Facing such a situation, we should learn to __________________________. 【答案】 1. in a dilemma 2. a moral dilemma 3. faced a dilemma 4. are in a dilemma 5. solve the dilemma wisely 【知识梳理3】A moral dilemma is a situation in which you have two or more difficult choices to make. (P14) 道德困境是一种你必须在两个或多个艰难选择中做出决定的情况。 【知识拓展】 本句为定语从句，先行词是situation，关系词in which 可替换为where，在从句中作地点状语。 a situation in which... 一种……的情况 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. This is a special situation ________________ before deciding. 一种你需要仔细思考再做决定的特殊情况。 2. When facing a moral dilemma, people often ________________ because all choices are hard. 面临道德困境时，人们通常有艰难的选择要做，因为所有选择都很艰难。 【答案】1. in which you need to think carefully 2. have difficult choices to make 【知识梳理4】When you listen, you should pay attention not only to the words but also to HOW the speaker is talking. (P15) 当你听的时候，你不仅要注意说话的内容，还要注意说话者的说话方式。 【知识拓展】 not only...but also... 不仅……而且……，连接两个并列的宾语（to the words 和 to HOW the speaker is talking）。 pay attention to 注意，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。 how the speaker is talking 宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子。 1. When learning English, we should ________________ the pronunciation ________________ the grammar. 学习英语时，我们不仅要注意发音，还要注意语法。 2. You should ________________ what the teacher says in class, or you will miss key points. 你在课堂上应该注意老师说的话，否则你会错过重点。 【答案】1. pay attention not only to; but also to 2. pay attention to Part 2 Reading and thinking 【知识梳理1】illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图 【常用搭配】 illustrate sth. with sth. 用某物说明/阐明某物 illustrate a point 阐明观点 illustrate a book 给一本书加插图 【即学即练】 1. The teacher used a simple example to make a clear ________________ (illustrate) of his point in class. 2. The author illustrated the story ________________ beautiful pictures to attract readers. 3. 我们应该用具体的例子来阐明这个复杂的观点。 We should use specific examples to ________________ . 【答案】 1. illustration 2. with 3. illustrate this complex point 【知识梳理2】majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ n. 大部分；大多数 【常用搭配】 the majority of + 名词（复数/不可数） 大部分……；大多数……（名词为复数时，谓语动词用复数；名词为不可数时，谓语动词用单数） in the majority 占大多数 a majority of 大多数的 in the majority 占大多数 a majority of 大多数的 【即学即练】 1. The majority of the students in our class____ (be)willing to take part in the volunteer activity. 2. People in the small town are friendly, and the majority ________________ them are ready to help others. 3. A ________________ (major) of young people prefer modern music to traditional music nowadays. 4. In this village, the majority ________________ villagers make a living by growing vegetables. 5. 大多数学生都希望能有更多的课外活动时间。 ________________ students hope to have more time for after-school activities. 【答案】 1.are 2. of 3. majority 4. of 5. The majority of 【知识梳理3】complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ vi. ＆vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 【常用搭配】 complain about sth. 抱怨某事 complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事 complain that... 抱怨……（后接宾语从句） 【即学即练】 1. Many students often make ________________ (complain) about the heavy homework and lack of rest time. 2. She complained ________________ her teacher about the unfair treatment she received. 3. The old man often complains ________________ the cold weather to his neighbors. 4. 他总是向父母抱怨学习压力太大。 He always ________________ about the great pressure of study. 5. 很多人抱怨现代生活节奏太快，没有时间休息。 Many people ________________ and having no time to rest. 【答案】 1. complaints 2. to 3. about 4. complains to his parents 5. complain about the fast pace of modern life 【知识梳理4】respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ vt. 回答；回复 vi. 做出反应；回应 【常用搭配】 respond to sth. 对某事做出反应；回应某事 respond to sb. 回复某人 respond with sth. 用某物回应 【即学即练】 1. The government made a quick ________________ (respond) to the public’s concerns about food safety. 2. He didn’t respond ________________ my message, which made me a little worried. 3. He responded ________________ a warm smile to my greeting, making me feel very kind. 4. 我们应该及时回应父母的关心，让他们感受到我们的爱。 We should ________________ in time to make them feel our love. 【答案】 1. response 2. to 5. with 6. respond to our parents’ care 【知识梳理5】To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired？(P17) 对一个人来说，没有什么比生命更珍贵，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎能拒绝这份信任，说自己冷、饿或累呢？ 【知识拓展】 本句中nothing is more precious than... 表“没有什么比……更珍贵”。 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子 1.To a teacher, ________________ than seeing their students make progress. 对一位老师来说，没有什么比看到学生进步更珍贵。 2.To a writer, ________________ than being understood by readers. 对一位作家来说，没有什么比被读者理解更宝贵。 3.In our life, ________________ than the love and care from family. 在我们的生活中，没有什么比家人的关爱更珍贵。 【答案】 nothing is more precious nothing is more valuable nothing is more important 【知识梳理6】She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. (P17) 她立即成为北京协和医院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘用为住院医师的女性。 【知识拓展】 本句含不定式作后置定语，the first woman to do sth. 表“第一位做某事的女性”，to be hired为被动式，表“被聘用”。 【即学即练】 根据所给汉语完成句子 1.He is ________________ to be admitted to study medicine. 他是村里第一个被录取学医的年轻人。 2.She is ________________ to work in the remote mountain area. 她是第一位被派往偏远山区工作的女医生。 3.Tu Youyou is ________________ to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. 屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国科学家。 【答案】 the first young man in his village the first woman to be sent the first Chinese scientist 【知识梳理7】Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. (P17) 尽管林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为“万婴之母”，一生中接生了超过5万名婴儿。 【知识拓展】 本句含though引导的让步状语从句，having delivered为现在分词完成式，作伴随状语，表动作先于主句动作发生。 【即学即练】 一、单句语法填空 1.________ she was very tired, she still went on working. 2.________ (work) for a whole day, she continued to look after the patients. 【答案】 1.Though/Although 2.Having worked 二、根据所给汉语完成句子 1.________________, she devoted all her life to medical work. 尽管她一生未婚，她将毕生都奉献给了医疗事业。 2.________________, he still stuck to his post in the hospital. 尽管他已年过八十，他仍然坚守在医院岗位上。 3.________________, the doctor has saved thousands of lives in her career. 一生致力于救死扶伤，这位医生在职业生涯中挽救了数千条生命。 【答案】 1.Though she never married 2.Though he was over eighty 3.Having devoted her life to saving lives 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.People should always stick to justice and pursue high (moral) in both words and actions. 【答案】morality 【解析】考查名词。句意：人们在言行中应坚守正义，追求高尚的道德。空前有形容词high修饰，应填名词morality“道德”。故填morality。 2.A wise person is someone who has the virtue honesty, courage and self-discipline in daily life. 【答案】 of 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：智者是在日常生活中拥有诚实、勇敢和自律美德的人。have the virtue of 表示“具有……的美德”。故填 of。 3.When choosing between dream and reality, many young people are in dilemma about their future. 【答案】a 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：在梦想与现实之间做选择时，许多年轻人对未来感到左右为难。be in a dilemma 表示“陷入困境，左右为难”。故填a 。 4.This example gives a vivid (illustrate) of how kindness can change a person’s life. 【答案】illustration 【解析】考查名词。句意：这个例子生动地说明了善良如何能改变一个人的一生。空前有不定冠词a和形容词vivid，应填单数名词illustration“说明，例证”。故填illustration。 5.We should love and protect the rare animals and treat every life (precious) on the earth. 【答案】preciously 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们应该关爱保护珍稀动物，珍贵地对待地球上的每一个生命。修饰动词treat应用副词preciously“珍贵地”。故填preciously。 6.His love and encouragement carried him all the hard times in his life. 【答案】through 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他的爱与鼓励帮他渡过了生命中所有艰难的时光。carry sb through sth 表示“帮助某人渡过难关”，此处用一般过去时。故填 through。 7.True and happy (marry) requires both love and responsibility from husband and wife. 【答案】marriage 【解析】考查名词。句意：真正幸福的婚姻需要夫妻双方的爱与责任。空前有形容词true and happy修饰，应填名词marriage“婚姻”。故填marriage。 8.The (major) of students hope to improve their abilities through hard work. 【答案】majority 【解析】考查名词。句意：大多数学生希望通过努力学习提升自己的能力。the majority of 表示“大多数……”，应填名词majority。故填majority。 9.If you have any (complain), you can communicate with others in a calm and polite way. 【答案】complaint 【解析】考查名词。句意：如果你有任何不满或抱怨，可以冷静礼貌地与人沟通。空前有形容词any修饰，应填名词complaint“抱怨，投诉”。故填complaint。 10.His quick and proper (respond) to the accident won high praise from people around. 【答案】response 【解析】考查名词。句意：他对这次事故快速恰当的回应赢得了周围人的高度赞扬。空前有形容词修饰，应填名词response“回应，反应”。故填response。 11.The experienced (physic) always gives patients professional and warm medical advice. 【答案】physician 【解析】考查名词。句意：这位经验丰富的内科医生总是给病人专业又温暖的医疗建议。空前有定冠词the和形容词experienced，应填名词physician“医师，内科医生”。故填physician。 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 她是第一位被选为公司总经理的女性，凭借能力赢得了所有人的尊重。 She is the first woman ________________________ the general manager of the company and won everyone’s respect with her ability. 2. 没有什么比家人的陪伴更珍贵，它能给我们无尽的温暖和力量。 Nothing ________________________ the company of family, which can give us endless warmth and strength. 3. 尽管他身体不适，但他仍然坚持上班，认真完成了当天的所有工作。 ________________________ he was unwell, he still insisted on going to work and finished all the work of the day carefully. 4. 他做完所有准备工作后，才开始向大家介绍这个新的项目方案。 ________________________ all the preparations, he began to introduce the new project plan to everyone. 5.他不仅给我们提供了帮助，还教会了我们解决问题的方法和技巧。 He not only offered us help ________________________ to solve problems. 6. 我们处于一个需要不断学习和进步的环境中，否则就会被时代淘汰。 We are in a situation ________________________ , otherwise we will be eliminated by the times. 【答案】 1. to be elected as 2. is more precious than 3. Though he was unwell 4. Having finished 5. but also taught us the methods and skills 6. in which we need to keep learning and progressing 三、课文语法填空 When she was five years old， Lin Qiaozhi was deeply 1.__________（affect） by her mother’s death. At age 18， she chose to study medicine unlike the 2.__________（major） of girls. Eight years later， Lin graduated 3._______ Peking Union Medical College and immediately became the first woman ever 4._____________（hire） as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. In 1941， the department was closed because of the war. 5.__________（think） of all the people still in need of help， Dr Lin 6._________（open） a private clinic. She charged very low 7.______（fee） to treat patients and often reduced costs for poor patients. In 1954, she was selected to the first National People’s Congress and, over the next several 8._________（decade）, she held many important positions. Dr Lin did not retire 9.__________the day she died, 22 April 1983. Since she had no children of her own, she left her 10._________（save） to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. 【答案】 1. affected 2. majority 3. from 4. to be hired 5. Thinking 6. opened 7. fees 8. decades 9. until 10. savings 一、阅读理解 A （浙江杭州市2025-2026学年第一学期期末）For more than 30 years, Fang Beisong, an expert at repairing old objects at Jingzhou Museum, has worked to make ancient words on bamboo and wooden pieces readable again. These pieces are called jiandu. One special moment came in 2015. While cleaning a bamboo piece from the Warring States Period, he found the words for “hold your hand and grow old with you”, a line from The Book of Songs. “I felt the light and warmth of our history and culture,” Fang recalled. After finishing his studies in chemistry in 1988, Fang began working at the museum, using science for his love of history. He focuses on jiandu — things people wrote on before paper was used. In 2002, he faced a huge task — over 92,000 pieces from the Qin Dynasty were found in Hunan. He stayed in Changsha for nine years, working 12 hours a day to sort out and protect them. Preserving jiandu is extremely difficult. They are made of natural materials and break down easily. Once unearthed, they quickly turn black in the air, making the writing unreadable. Fang’s repair work involves over 20 steps, with decoloring and dewatering being the most important. Decoloring brings back the original (原来的) color and keeps the words clear, while dewatering helps them leave the wet condition and stay steady for keeping. After years of trying, he found a good two-step way and won a national technology prize in 2019. Each case is different. In 2020, his team worked on Han Dynasty bamboo pieces from a robbed tomb in Dingzhou. The pieces broke easily. They tried over 70 times to keep them together. Even though the writing was almost impossible to see, a special camera using infrared (红外线的) light showed the words clearly. So far, Fang and his team have fixed over 100,000 pieces. “For things like these, once they are dug up, there’s only a short time to save them. I cannot stop — the faster I work, the more of our history I can save,” said Fang. 1．How did Fang feel when he saw the line from The Book of Songs? A．Moved. B．Bored. C．Shocked. D．Confused. 2．What do we know about Fang’s work in Changsha after 2002? A．He got a national award right after. B．He solved all preservation issues there. C．He worked long hours to preserve jiandu. D．He went there to study Qin Dynasty history. 3．What does the underlined word “decoloring” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Washing the surface to remove dirt. B．Changing the color of jiandu. C．Preventing jiandu from turning black. D．Recovering the true color. 4．What lesson can we learn from Fang’s story? A．More haste, less speed. B．Time and tide wait for no man. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Where there’s a will, there’s a way. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍荆州博物馆简牍修复专家方北松三十余年坚守岗位，以科学方法攻克修复难题，抢救逾十万枚简牍、守护历史文化的事迹。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“While cleaning a bamboo piece from the Warring States Period, he found the words for “hold your hand and grow old with you”, a line from The Book of Songs. “I felt the light and warmth of our history and culture,” Fang recalled.(在清理一枚战国时期的竹简时，他发现了《诗经》中“执子之手，与子偕老”的文字。方北松回忆道：“我感受到了我们历史文化的光芒与温暖。”)”可知，方北松看到这句诗经中的文字时，感受到了历史文化的光芒与温暖，内心受到了触动。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2002, he faced a huge task — over 92,000 pieces from the Qin Dynasty were found in Hunan. He stayed in Changsha for nine years, working 12 hours a day to sort out and protect them. (2002年，他迎来了一项艰巨的任务——湖南出土了九万两千多枚秦代简牍。他在长沙待了九年，每天工作十二个小时，对这些简牍进行整理和保护。)”可知，2002年后方北松在长沙为了整理和保护秦代简牍，度过了九年每天十二小时的工作时光。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Fang’s repair work involves over 20 steps, with decoloring and dewatering being the most important. Decoloring brings back the original (原来的) color and keeps the words clear, while dewatering helps them leave the wet condition and stay steady for keeping.(方北松的修复工作包含二十多个步骤，其中decoloring和脱水是最为重要的。Decoloring能恢复简牍原本的颜色，让文字保持清晰，而脱水能让简牍脱离潮湿状态，保持稳定以便保存。)”可知，简牍出土后会变黑，而decoloring是修复的关键步骤，且该步骤的作用是让简牍恢复原本的颜色、让文字清晰，结合“de-”的前缀含义及上下文的修复背景可知，该词的意思是“恢复事物的真实原本颜色”。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Preserving jiandu is extremely difficult. They are made of natural materials and break down easily. Once unearthed, they quickly turn black in the air, making the writing unreadable.(简牍的保护工作难度极大。它们由天然材料制成，极易损坏。一旦出土，在空气中会迅速变黑，导致文字无法辨认。)”和“After years of trying, he found a good two-step way and won a national technology prize in 2019.(经过多年的尝试，他研究出了一套有效的两步法修复方案，并在2019年获得了国家技术奖项。)”、第五段中的“In 2020, his team worked on Han Dynasty bamboo pieces from a robbed tomb in Dingzhou. The pieces broke easily. They tried over 70 times to keep them together.(2020年，他的团队修复定州一座被盗古墓出土的汉代竹简，这些竹简极易破碎，团队尝试了七十多次才将其拼接完整。)”以及第六段中的“So far, Fang and his team have fixed over 100,000 pieces.(到目前为止，方北松和他的团队已经修复了逾十万枚简牍。)”可知，方北松面对简牍修复的重重难题，始终坚持、反复尝试，最终攻克难关并取得丰硕成果，这印证了“有志者事竟成”的道理。故选D项。 B （河北省衡水市衡水中学2025-2026学年度高一年级上学期综合素质评价）Alex de Minaur, an Australian professional tennis player, has impressed the tennis world with a beautiful act for his opponent (对手) after the Washington final. De Minaur saved three championship points to win the 10th ATP title of his career, defeating (战胜) Spanish player Alejandro DavidovichFokina. Fokina was heartbroken after losing three championship points in the third set — the last one came when de Minaur made an amazing effort to survive. The Spaniard has never won a title at the ATP level, and has now lost in two finals. Fokina cried after the final point and hid his face in his towel (毛巾). De Minaur noticed “his” opponent’s low spirits and at once went to comfort him. The Aussie was seen sitting next to Fokina before resting an arm around him and offering some words of encouragement. Tennis fans were blown away by de Minaur’s act, which came before he’d celebrated the victory (胜利). De Minaur also offered some kind words for Fokina in his victory speech, saying: “You’re way too good not to have one of these victories. It’s coming for sure. You deserved (值得) it today. I just got lucky. You are a great competitor and player. This is not the end.” Davidovich Fokina also praised de Minaur, saying the Australian “deserved the win”. “He was fighting for every ball,” he added. The beautiful moment between the pair made the tennis world fall in love with de Minaur even more. One person wrote online: “Hard not to feel for Alejandro Davidovich Fokina today and hard not to admire how kind this was of Alex de Minaur.” Another commented: “I have a newfound respect for Alex de Minaur after he comforted Fokina. He is a truly humble (谦逊的) man.” 5．What happened in the third set of the Washington final? A．Fokina lost his lead with regret. B．One of the players got hurt badly. C．De Minaur won the game dishonestly. D．The audience threw towels at the players. 6．What did de Minaur do right after the match? A．He quickly celebrated his victory. B．He left without speaking to Fokina. C．He comforted his opponent right away. D．He gave a speech to thank the audience. 7．What does the underlined phrase “blown away” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Worried and afraid. B．Angry and speechless. C．Interested and curious. D．Surprised and impressed. 8．What can we learn from the text? A．Victory and defeat are both lessons. B．Respect and care win true high regard. C．Courage turns challenges into chances. D．Experience helps to encourage excellence. 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了澳网选手德米纳尔在华盛顿决赛险胜福基纳后，先安慰失落的对手还在致辞中鼓励他，其善举获对手称赞和球迷的高度敬佩与喜爱。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fokina was heartbroken after losing three championship points in the third set — the last one came when de Minaur made an amazing effort to survive. The Spaniard has never won a title at the ATP level, and has now lost in two finals.(福基纳在第三盘比赛中损失了三个冠军点，这让他非常伤心——最后一分是在德米纳尔奋力拼搏后才得以保住的。这位西班牙选手从未在ATP赛事中赢得过冠军，如今他已经连续两次在决赛中失利)”可知，华盛顿决赛第三局，福基纳遗憾地失去了领先优势。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“De Minaur noticed “his” opponent’s low spirits and at once went to comfort him.(德米纳尔察觉到“他的”对手情绪低落，于是立刻前去安慰他)”可知，比赛结束后德米纳尔立刻安慰了对手。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The Aussie was seen sitting next to Fokina before resting an arm around him and offering some words of encouragement.(只见这位澳大利亚选手坐在福基纳身旁，随后他伸出一只胳膊搂住他，并给了他一些鼓励的话语)”以及后文“which came before he’d celebrated the victory(这一幕发生在他庆祝胜利之前)”可知，德米纳尔未先庆祝胜利，反而第一时间安慰落败的对手，这一暖心举动超出球迷预期，结合后文球迷对其的夸赞与敬佩，故划线词意思是“令人惊讶且印象深刻”。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The beautiful moment between the pair made the tennis world fall in love with de Minaur even more. One person wrote online: “Hard not to feel for Alejandro Davidovich Fokina today and hard not to admire how kind this was of Alex de Minaur.” Another commented: “I have a newfound respect for Alex de Minaur after he comforted Fokina. He is a truly humble (谦逊的) man.”(两人之间这暖心的瞬间，让整个网坛更加喜爱德米纳尔。有人在网上写道：“今日实在忍不住为亚历杭德罗・达维多维奇・福基纳感到惋惜，也不由得敬佩亚历克斯・德米纳尔的这份善良。” 还有人评论道：“德米纳尔安慰福基纳的举动，让我对他生出了新的敬意。他是个真正谦逊的人。”)”可知，故事告诉我们尊重和关爱赢得真正的高度尊重。故选B。 C （山东淄博市张店区淄博实验中学2025-2026学年度第一学期高一期未）Good social connections are related to better health, and a new research shows that regularly helping people outside one’s family can clearly slow down the decline in thinking ability among middle-aged and older adults. Both organized volunteer work and informal helping are equally useful, according to a study led by researchers from the University of Texas at Austin. This study is one of the first to compare organized volunteer work and informal helping. Informal helping, such as giving someone a ride or looking after children, was once thought to have fewer health benefits because it gets less social recognition. But the research found that it helps improve thinking ability just as much as organized volunteer work. Helping for 2 to 4 hours a week gives the strongest and most lasting benefits. Long-term figures from the national Health and Retirement Study support these findings. After considering elements like money, physical health and mental health, continuing to help others still slows down the drop in thinking ability. The benefits grow when helping becomes a regular habit year after year. On the other hand, stopping helping others is connected to worse thinking ability. The results show that everyday acts of support — whether organized or informal should be seen as public health issues. This is especially important for older people, who are more likely to face problems like poorer thinking ability and Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症). Other research by the same team found that volunteer work reduces the harmful effects of long-term stress on body inflammation (炎症) — a known cause of poorer thinking ability. This benefit is bigger for people with more inflammation. In general, helping others is good for brain health. It reduces the physical tiredness caused by pressure and strengthens social connections. As more societies grow older and loneliness becomes a bigger problem, giving older people — even those who are not in the best health— chances to help others is valuable. These people may get great benefits from such opportunities. 9．What is true about informal helping? A．Less social recognition. B．Fewer health benefits. C．More effective than volunteering. D．Over four-hour service time. 10．What can be inferred about long-term regular helping? A．It needs much money. B．It brings growing benefits. C．It requires professional skills. D．It only suits healthy people. 11．Why is the research important for public health? A．It solves aging problems. B．It lowers medical costs. C．It improves social equality. D．It lowers the elderly’s health risks. 12．What does the last paragraph indicate? A．Loneliness hits the old most. B．Helping others benefits social ties. C．Health determines helping ability. D．Brain health is a top health need. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了帮助他人对中老年人思维能力的积极影响及对公共卫生的意义。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Informal helping, such as giving someone a ride or looking after children, was once thought to have fewer health benefits because it gets less social recognition.(非正式帮助，比如载别人一程或照看孩子，曾被认为对健康益处较少，因为它获得的社会认可更少。)”可知，非正式帮助得到的社会认可更少。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The benefits grow when helping becomes a regular habit year after year.(当帮助他人年复一年成为一种习惯性行为时，益处会不断增加。)”可知，长期定期帮助他人带来的益处会不断增长。故选B。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段中“This is especially important for older people, who are more likely to face problems like poorer thinking ability and Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症).(这对老年人尤其重要，他们更有可能面临认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病等问题。)”可知，这项研究能降低老年人的健康风险，因此对公共卫生很重要。故选D。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It reduces the physical tiredness caused by pressure and strengthens social connections.(它减轻了压力带来的身体疲劳，并加强了社会联系。)”可知，帮助他人有利于社会关系。故选B。 二、思维提升-观点分享 Share your understanding of morals and virtues and talk about their importance in daily life. 1. What is one important virtue you think everyone should have? 2. Give one simple example to show how you practice good morals in your daily life. 3. Why are morals and virtues important for us to get along with others? 【答案】 1. I think honesty is an important virtue everyone should have, because it helps build trust between people. 2. When I accidentally broke my classmate’s pen, I told him the truth and offered to buy a new one. 3. Morals and virtues make us kind, responsible and respectful, which helps us get along well with others and build good relationships. 三、思维提升-书面表达 假使你是李华，你校将举办“MORALS AND VIRTUES”主题分享会，旨在引导同学们践行美德、传递善意。请你给外国笔友Peter写一封邀请信，邀请他线上参与，并简单介绍活动相关情况。 内容如下： ① 活动的目的和意义 ② 活动的主要流程（至少2点），并结合美德主题说明参与价值。 二选一 1. 请给Peter写三条邀请相关的建议（含参与方式、准备内容），要求至少用上文章中的5个单词或短语（如virtue, kindness, honesty, responsibility, practice, share）。 2. 请给Peter写一封完整的邀请信，并在其中介绍活动的核心意义，传递美德的重要性。 1.【参考答案】 ① You’d better prepare a short speech about one virtue you admire, such as honesty or kindness, to share with us. ② Please make sure to log in on time, and you can ask questions about how to practice virtues in daily life during the sharing session. ③ You can invite your friends to join together, so we can spread the spirit of virtue and learn from each other. 2.【参考范文】 Dear Peter, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to take part in our online sharing session themed “MORALS AND VIRTUES”. The purpose of this activity is to help all of us understand the importance of virtues and learn to practice them in daily life. It can not only help us become more responsible and kind but also build a warm and friendly atmosphere. The session will start at 7 pm this Sunday: first, our teacher will give a short talk about the meaning of common virtues like honesty and kindness; then, students will share their own stories of practicing virtues. I hope you can join us and share your views on morals and virtues. It will be a meaningful experience for both of us. Looking forward to your reply. Best regards, Li Hua 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $