专题02 Unit 1-8语法背默及训练-2025-2026学年八年级下学期期末复习（人教版2024）

专题02 语法背默及训练 Unit1 动词不定式 构成 形式 基本形式：to + 动词原形；否定形式：not + to + 动词原形。 * 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 句法作用 作主语 To read good books makes him happy. 读好书使他快乐。 作表语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 作宾语 I am planning to fly to the city to have a taste of the famous street food. 我计划乘飞机去那个城市品尝著名的街头小吃. 作宾语 补足语 I expected him to turn down the invitation. 我原以为他会拒绝这个邀请。 作定语 They made a decision to put off the meeting. 他们决定将会议推迟。 作目的 状语 I love to watch kung fu movies to relax. 我喜欢看功夫电影来放松. “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构 用法 可和 what, which, how, where, when 等连用。常作主语、宾语、表语等。 How to get there is a problem. (作主语) Please show me where to find him. (作宾语) The problem is where to find the answer. (作表语) 转换 相当于“疑问词 + 主语 + should/can + 动词” I don't know who to give it to. = I don't know who I should give it to. 含动词不定式的常用搭配 (必背) 接不定式作宾语 V. + to do agree, aim, ask, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等。 If you want to send emails, you need to create an email address... 接不定式作补语 V. + sb. + to do allow, advise, ask, choose, expect, encourage, tell, want, warn, wish, invite 等。 My cousin often asks me to fly kites with her when it's windy. (教材原文) 省略 to 的不定式 V. + sb. + do 感官动词: feel, hear, see, notice, watch 使役动词: let, make, have I heard him go down the stairs. (我听见他下楼了) Can you make this old engine start? (你能让这台旧发电机启动吗?) 疑难辨析：不带 to 的不定式 (do) vs 现在分词 (doing) hear/see/notice/watch + sb. + do: 强调动作经常发生或某事发生的全过程 (The whole process)。 I often see him take physical exercise. (我经常看他进行体育锻炼) Did you notice anyone leave the room? (你注意到有人离开房间吗?) hear / see / notice / watch + sb. + doing：强调动作正在进行 (In progress)，或者指当时只看到了/听到了动作的一部分 (Part of the action)，而不是全过程。具有一种“画面感”或“片断感”。 I saw him waiting for the bus.(我看见他正在等公交车。) Did you notice his hands shaking?(你注意到他的手正在发抖吗？) Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Remember ________(not touch) the paintings when you are in the museum. 2．My father seems ________(know) more about maths，so he often helps me with maths. 3．The teacher expects his students ________(learn) Chinese culture well. 4．It's important ________(talk) about the problem with your teachers or parents. 5．The teacher wants us ________(finish) the exercise before class. Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子 1．男孩决定把钱归还给失主。 The boy ________ ________ give back the money to the person who lost it. 2．在我告诉你这个秘密之前，你必须承诺不告诉别人。 You must ________ ________ ________ ________ others before I tell you the secret. 3．我的老师建议我，如果想在物理学科取得好成绩，就要更努力地学习。 My teacher ________ ________ ________ study harder at physics if I want to get good grades. 4．学一门新语言很有趣，但需要努力。 ________ ________ a new language is interesting but needs hard work. 5．她每天早上早起，为的是赶第一班公交车。 She gets up early ________ ________ the first bus every morning. Ⅲ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 I love sport.Sometimes I go skateboarding.It makes me 1.________(feel) great.I also like 2.________(play) volleyball.I have my own volleyball，and it's perfect for me. One day，I saw a group of kids playing volleyball in the park.They were wearing cool T－shirts.I wanted 3.________(join) them，but I was a bit shy.I hardly ever played with strangers.But then I thought，“Why not？”So I went over and asked if I could play with them.They said yes. I had so much fun playing with them.Their volleyball is really nice.It doesn't belong to me，but it fits me well.Maybe I can play with them more often. Still，I love my own volleyball.Sometime in the future，I hope 4.________(make) my own volleyball team.Sports are their，your，and everyone's way 5.________(have) fun and stay healthy. Playing sports not only helps me 6.________(keep) fit，but also teaches me some important life skills such as teamwork.I learn that 7.________(win) isn't everything.And it's important 8.________(respect) each other and enjoy ourselves. Unit2 情态动词 should 用法 意为“应该;应当;可以”，表职责、义务或劝告。无人称之分，后接动词原型。否定式：shouldn't。 肯定句 主语 + should + 动词原形 (+其他) 否定句 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 (+其他) 一般疑问 Should + 主语 + 动词原形 (+其他)? In fact, you should avoid using your phone too often. 事实上，你应该避免过于频繁地使用手机。(教材原文) What should I do? Should I call him and apologize? 我该怎么办？我是不是应该打电话向他道歉？ could 用法 用于提出建议，比 can 语气更委婉。后接动词原形。 You could listen to music instead of watching videos. 你可以听音乐而不是看视频。(教材原文) But I think you could come after school tomorrow. 但我觉得你可以明天放学后过来。 延伸 had better 常缩写为 'd better，意为“最好”，语气比 should 强。否定式：had better not。 For safety's sake, we'd better not set off now. 为了安全起见，我们最好不要现在出发。 反身代词 定义 与构成 指代的人或物与主语一致，译为“自己;本身;亲自”。 构词法：一/二人称(形物代) + self/selves；三人称(宾格) + self/selves。 人称 单数 (-self) 复数 (-selves) 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself / herself / itself themselves 注意： 当所指对象性别不详时，可以用 themselves 或 himself or herself 代替。 Does anyone here consider themselves a good cook? 这里有人觉得自己厨艺很拿手吗？ 句法 作用 动词/介词 宾语 She must be very proud of herself. 她一定非常为自己感到自豪。 同位语 The president himself will attend... / ...ask the teacher herself. 主席亲自参加 / 问老师本人 (强调作用)。 表语 be yourself if you are going to do your best. 做你自己。 常用 搭配 常见的后接反身代词作宾语的动词(短语)： cut, hurt, protect, teach, enjoy, help, take care of, look after 等。 The kids all seemed to enjoy themselves.孩子们好像玩得都很高兴。 When my parents went away on business, I looked after myself.我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Jenny threw ________(her) onto the bed as soon as she came back home. 2．The picture is too difficult to draw，but little Tony still finished it by ________(he). 3．The twins can do a lot of housework by ________(they). 4．Our school life is more interesting now because we can enjoy ________(we) in different clubs. 5．“Dear，help ________(you) to eat anything you like，”Mrs Li said to Amy. Ⅱ.选词填空(可以重复使用) should，shouldn't，could 1．—Mum，I didn't sleep well last night and I'm so tired now. —Oh，my poor baby，you ________ stay up late to play with your mobile phone. 2．—My maths is a little poor.Can you give me some advice，Amy? —I think you ________ listen to your maths teacher carefully in class. 3．Middle school students who sleep for more than 9 hours each night ________ have more energy at school. 4．________ I go to the doctor if I have a head－ache? Unit3 although (尽管;虽然;即使) 用法与 位置 引导让步状语从句。位置灵活(主句前/后均可)。 * 位于主句前时，常用逗号隔开；位于主句后时，通常不用逗号。 Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn't always mean that they did it on purpose. 虽然人们有时可能会伤害你，但这并不总是意味着他们是故意的。(教材原文) His English is excellent although he speaks with a pronounced French accent. 辨析与 注意 1. 同义词转换： 可与 though / even if / even though 互换。 (though 多用于口语) 2. though 作副词： although 一般不作副词，而 though 可作副词，常放句末，意为“可是，不过”。 Plants do it all the time, though. (不过，植物却一直在做这件事。) ⚠️ 注意： although/though 不能和 but 同时使用，但可以和 yet 或 still 连用。 Although he has done well..., he still works really hard. until (直到...) 肯定vs 否定 肯定句 延续性动词 表示动作一直持续到从句时间为止。意为“直到……为止”。 Let's wait until the rain stops. (咱们等雨停了吧。) 否定句 (not...until) 非延续性动词 表示动作直到从句时间才发生。意为“直到……才”。 You won't know how he feels until you talk to him. 词性与 延伸 1. 同义词 till： until 可放句首，till 一般不用于句首。 2. 介词用法： until/till 既作连词也作介词。 ...she didn't prepare for it until last week. (直到上周才开始准备) so that (以便; 结果) 表目的 (常见) 引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了”。 • 可与 in order that 互换。 • 从句常接情态动词 (can, could, may, might, will, would)。 Talk to your loved ones... so that your joy will be doubled... 和你所爱的人谈谈……这样你的快乐就会加倍……(教材原文) He raised his voice so that/in order that everyone could hear. 表结果 (延伸) 引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”。 He didn't plan his time very well, so that he didn't finish the work in time. 他没有很好地计划时间，所以未及时完成工作。 Ⅰ.选词或短语填空(可以重复使用) until，so that，although，if 1．We all arrive as early as we can ________ we have time to warm up. 2．We won't understand the importance of time ________ we are old. 3．________ they are brothers，they have nothing in common. 4．________ you review your notes every day，you will find it easier to understand new lessons. 5．Many people want to have a holiday house by the sea，________ they can enjoy a happy time there. Ⅱ.用until，so that，if，although填空 I love running and I'm on my school running team.I practiced running every day 1.________ I could join the school track team.2.________ the training was tiring，I never gave up.My coach said I needed to build endurance (耐力) 3.________ I wanted to run 5 kilometres. 4．________ my friends invited me to parties，I chose to train instead.I woke up early 5.________ I could run before school.At first，I was slow.6.________ I felt disappointed，I kept pushing myself. On the day of the tryouts，I was nervous.I ran 7.________ my breath came in short gasps，focusing only on the finish line.I repeated my coach's advice：“Pace yourself.” 8．________ two faster runners passed me，I didn't slow down.In the end，I finished third—good enough for the team！9.________ that moment，I hadn't believed I could do it.Now I know hard work pays off. Unit4 一、变化规则 (Transformation Rules) 规则 变化 分类 规则 示例 单音节词 和部分 双音节词 大多数词后加 -er 或 -est fast → faster → fastest 以字母e结尾的词后加 -r 或 -st large → larger → largest 重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -er 或 -est fat → fatter → fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，去y变i，再加 -er 或 -est heavy → heavier → heaviest 多音节词 和部分 双音节词 在词的前面加 more 或 most popular → more popular → most popular 不规则 变化 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best little less least bad worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest many / much more most 二、比较级的用法 (Usage of Comparatives) 句型结构 例句与解析 主语 + 动词 + 比较级 + than + 比较对象 表示“……比……更……” She pronounces words more clearly than before. 她发音比以前更清楚了。 主语 + 动词 + 比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数 表示同一范围内的比较，“比其他任何……都……” Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。 比较级 + and + 比较级 表示“越来越……” ...our life is becoming more and more convenient. ...我们的生活变得越来越方便。 Which/Who... + 动词 + 比较级, A or B? 两者之间的选择 Which is fiercer, the tiger or the lion? 老虎和狮子哪个更凶猛？ 三、最高级的用法 (Usage of Superlatives) 句型结构 例句与解析 主语 + 动词 (+the) + 最高级 (+名) + of/in/among 短语 表示“……中最……的” He worked hardest among us. 他在我们当中最努力。 one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 表示“最……的……之一” Traditional Chinese painting is one of the oldest art forms in the world. 中国传统绘画是世界上最古老的艺术形式之一。 the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词单数 表示“第几……” Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system. 土星是太阳系中第二大的行星。 Which/Who... + 动词 (+the) 最高级, A, B or C? 三者或三者以上的选择 Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Mike? 汤姆、杰克和迈克，谁最高？ Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Young people add some bright lights and loud music to make the dance show much ________(exciting). 2．What do we call the day with ________(little) daylight and the longest night? 3．We should speak as ________(polite) as possible when we ask strangers for help. 4．We didn't do well in this exam and Bill did ________(badly) among three of us. 5．Traditional Chinese Medicine works ________(well) than Western medicine.More and more people believe it. Ⅱ.同义句转换 1．Jane gets to school earlier than any other student in her class. Jane gets to school ________ ________ in her class. 2．Sandy spent twenty yuan on the book.Tom spent fifteen yuan on the book. Tom spent ________ ________ ________ than Sandy on the book. 3．She is among the most talented musicians in the world. She is ________ ________ the most talented musicians in the world. 4．Communicating by social media is the most popular among students. Communicating by social media is ________ popular than ________ other way among students. 5．Lin Dong speaks more clearly than anyone else in his class. Lin Dong speaks ________ ________ ________ in his class. Ⅲ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 China has some of the most beautiful natural scenery in the world.Its mountains are 1.________(high)，and its rivers are longer.And its history is 2.________(old) than many other countries. The Himalayas are 3.________(tall) mountains on earth.Mount Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain peak.The Yangtze River is one of 4.________(long) rivers in the world.In some places，it is wider than in others，and it flows 5.________(fast) near the mountains. Guilin has some of 6.________(famous) landscapes.Its green hills and clear rivers look more peaceful than busy city views.The Li River there is 7.________(clean) and clearer than many rivers in big cities. The Great Wall is one of the 8.________(old) and longest man-made structures in the world.It looks more impressive when you stand on it and see the mountains around. China's deserts，like the Gobi，are 9.________(dry) and larger than most places.The sand dunes can look more golden under the sun. Our country has 10.________(wonderful) natural places.They are more beautiful when you visit them yourself! Unit5 一、过去进行时的用法和基本结构 定义与 构成 1. 定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 2. 结构： was/were + 现在分词 (v-ing) 3. 标志词： then, at this/that time yesterday, at ... last night 等。 I was travelling on the train then. 那时我正坐火车旅行。(教材原文) We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们没在购物。 🌟 延伸： 过去进行时还常用于铺叙故事情节的背景。 A fire was burning and a cat was sleeping... A girl was playing the piano... 二、句式变化 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他? Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 三、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 现在分词的变化规律： 区别 辨析 过去进行时 强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行的过程，未必定完成。 He was doing his homework... 他一直在做作业。(强调过程) It was raining all night. 下了一夜雨。(侧重持续时长) 一般过去时 表示过去发生的事实或完成的动作。 He did his homework... 他把作业做完了。(强调完成) It rained last night. 昨夜里下过雨。(强调事实) 口诀 情况 变化规则 直 一般情况 直接加 -ing 去 以不发音字母 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing 双 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母再加 -ing 改 以 ie 结尾 改 ie 为 y 再加 -ing 四、when 和 while 与过去进行时搭配 搭配 规则 主句时态 连词 从句时态 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 when 一般过去时 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 while 过去进行时 When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. 当邻居打电话来时(瞬间)，我们一家人正在吃晚饭(进行)。 While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by... 当我在车站等车时(持续)，三辆公车开过去了(事实)。 People were asking... while some were starting... 人们互相询问(进行)...与此时，一些人正开始(进行)... 注意：通常不用进行时的动词 心理情感： love, hate, like, know 等。 连系动词： seem, appear 等。 感官动词： see, hear, smell, feel, taste 等。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．While we ________(sing) an English song，some visitors came to our class. 2．I am sorry I didn't answer your phone because I ________(play) the piano at that time. 3．—Why didn't you pick up my phone at seven o'clock last night? —I ________(do) the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn't hear it. 4．At 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon，my father ________(wait) for me outside the school gate. 5．Tim ________(watch) Touching China on CCTV with his family from 8：00 to 9：00 last Saturday evening. Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1．The boy was reading.The rainstorm came.(合并为一句) The boy was reading ________ the rainstorm came. 2．He was__swimming at nine o'clock last Sunday morning.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ he ________ at nine o'clock last Sunday morning? 3．The woman was shopping when she saw a car accident.(改为一般疑问句) ________ the woman ________ when she saw a car accident? 4．We were__talking__loudly when the teacher came in.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ when the teacher came in? 5．He cleaned the blackboard yesterday.(用at this time yesterday改写句子) He ________ ________ the blackboard at this time yesterday. Ⅲ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer，I spent two weeks in my grand－parents' house.One afternoon，at about 2 p．m.，the sky 1.________(begin) to darken slowly.My grandma was cooking dinner in the kitchen，and my grandpa 2.________(read) a newspaper in the living room.I 3.________(draw) pictures by the window.Suddenly，strong winds started blowing.The trees outside were swaying wildly，and their leaves 4.________(dance) in the air.My grandma shouted，“A storm is coming！” I quickly 5.________(run) to help her close the windows.Just then，heavy rain began to pour down.The lake water 6.________(rise).I could hear the rain hitting the roof.My grandparents and I all stayed in the living room，talking about the storm. The storm lasted for about an hour.7.________ it stopped，the sun came out again.I went outside and saw broken branches on the ground，but the air smelled fresh.At about 3：30 p．m.，my grandma 8.________(make) tea，and my grandpa 9.________(check) the garden.I realized that even though storms can be scary，staying with family makes everything feel safer. Unit6 一、so ... that 的用法 (如此……以至于……) 结构含义 引导结果状语从句，so 修饰形容词/副词。 常用结构： ① 系动词 + so + adj. + that ... ② 行为动词 + so + adv. + that ... ③ so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 + that ... The bus was so crowded that they had to wait for the next one. 这辆公共汽车如此拥挤，以至于他们不得不等下一辆。 Everything happened so quickly that I didn't have time to think. 一切都发生得这么快，我都来不及去思考。 句型转换 可与 too...to... (太……而不能) 或 (not)...enough to... 互换。 The girl is so short that she can't reach the top. = The girl is too short to reach the top. = The girl is not tall enough to reach the top. 延伸辨析 (such..that) such ... that 也表“如此...以至于”，但 such 修饰 名词。 • such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that... Water is such an important substance that we cannot live without it. ⚠️ 特殊情况：名词前有 many, much, few, little 时，必用 so。 They bought so much beef that they couldn't finish it. 二、unless 的用法 (如果不；除非) 用法时态 引导条件状语从句。遵循“主将从现”原则 (主句将来时，从句一般现在时)。 In Türkiye, people don't kiss one another unless they are good friends. 在土耳其，除非是好朋友，否则人们不会亲吻彼此的脸颊。(教材原文) I won't let you go unless you tell me the truth. 我不会让你走的，除非你告诉我真相。 转换与短语 同义转换: if ... not You will fail unless you work hard. = You will fail if you do not ... 相关短语: as long as (只要) Everything is possible as long as you work hard. 三、as soon as 的用法 (一……就……) 用法精讲 引导时间状语从句。强调动作紧接着发生。同样遵循“主将从现”。 In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. I will phone you as soon as I get home. 位置 可放在句首(加逗号)或句中。 转换 可与 the moment 互换。 易混淆点与高频考点速记 1. so vs such • so + adj / adv • so + many/much/few/little • such + (a/an) + adj + 名词 2. “主将从现”适用范围 • 条件状语从句 (if, unless, as long as) • 时间状语从句 (when, as soon as) 3. 常用句型转换 • so...that = too...to... • so...that = not...enough to... • unless = if ... not 4. 逻辑关系记忆 • unless (除非) = 条件否定 • as soon as (一...就...) = 动作紧凑 Ⅰ.同义句转换 1．He was so poor that he could not afford the meal. He was ________ poor ________ afford the meal. 2．I will go bike riding if it doesn't rain tomorrow. I will go bike riding ________ it rains tomorrow. 3．The children are too young to sit through a concert. The children are ________ young ________ they can't sit through a concert. 4．If you don't study hard，you won't get good grades. You ________ get good grades ________ you study hard. Ⅱ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 There are many different cultures in the world，and each culture has its own unique customs. In some Western countries，people often shake hands 1.________ they meet.They think it's a polite way to show respect.2.________ you are very familiar with each other，a hug may be considered too intimate (亲密的).For example，in business meetings，people shake hands 3.________ firmly that it shows their confidence. In some Asian cultures，like in Japan，people bow when they greet each other.4.________ soon as someone enters a room，they will bow to show politeness.5.________ it's a very close friend，they won't shake hands easily.Japanese people are so polite 6.________ they always pay attention to the angle of the bow according to different situations. In Thailand，people greet by putting their hands together in front of the chest.7.________ it's a very informal occasion，they will keep this way of greeting.Thai people are 8.________ warm-hearted that they make visitors feel welcome. Different cultures bring us different customs，and we should respect them all. Unit7 一、现在完成时的构成与用法概述 基本 结构 have / has + 过去分词 (past participle) 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词...? (Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.) 两大 用法 ① 影响性用法： 动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响或结果。 I have already had lunch. (Implies: I am full now.) 我已经吃过午饭了。(言外之意：我现在不饿) ② 持续性用法： 动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在。 He has lived here for ten years. 他住在这里已经十年了。(现在还住在这) 二、标志词与句型搭配 常用 副词 already / yet already 用于肯定句 (句中/句末); yet 用于否定/疑问句 (句末)。 Have you finished it yet? / No, not yet. ever / never ever (曾经) 多用于疑问句; never (从不) 表示否定。 Have you ever been to the space museum? just 意为“刚刚”，常位于 have/has 之后。 I've just made some cookies. for 与 since 用于“持续性用法”，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 · for + 时间段 (e.g., for two years, for a long time) · since + 时间点 (e.g., since 2010, since last week) · since + 一般过去时的从句 (e.g., since he came here) ⚠️ 瞬间动词转换： borrow → keep; buy → have; die → be dead; join → be in; leave → be away (错) He has died for 2 years. → (对) He has been dead for 2 years. 三、难点辨析：have been / have gone have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in 去过 (已回) 表示曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了。常与 ever, never, twice 等连用。 I have been to Shanghai twice. 去了 (未回) 表示去了某地，现在不在说话现场 (在途中或到达)。 —Where is Tom? —He has gone to the library. 待在 (持续) 表示在某地待了多久。常与 for/since 连用。 She has been in New York for a month. Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Life is a book and there are still many pages I ________(not read) yet. 2．Not only my parents but also my sister ________(watch) the exciting film before. 3．—How worried Lily looks! —She ________(lose) her keys and she can't get into the house. 4．Both Lily and Lucy ________(visit) the Lanzhou Science and Technology Museum twice. 5．—Why not go to see the film with us? —Good idea.But I ________(see) it twice. Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1．My aunt has planned to visit Shanghai__Museum with me this summer.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ your aunt planned to visit with you this summer? 2．Monica has already learned about the art of healthy living.(改为一般疑问句) ________ Monica learned about the art of healthy living ________？ 3．They have already visited the Great Wall.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) —________ they ________ the Great Wall ________？ —No，they ________． 4．Music has helped him become__more__confident．(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ music ________ him ________？ 5．We have learnt about life__and__death by keeping a pet dog.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ about by keeping a pet dog? Unit8 一、for 和 since 的用法 基本 区别 常与现在完成时连用，表示动作或状态从过去一直延续到现在。 for for + 时间段 (表示“长达...”) I have lived here for ten years. since ① since + 过去的时间点 ② since + 一般过去时的从句 I have known him since 2010. We have been friends since we met at school. 📌 常用句型： It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 主语 + 一般过去时. It has been three years since he left home. (他离家已经三年了。) 提问 方式 对 for / since 引导的时间状语提问，通常用 How long。 — How long have you had this bike? — For about two months. 二、非延续性动词的转换 (重难点) 转换 规则 非延续性动词 (instant verbs) 表示瞬间发生，不能与表示一段时间的状语 (for/since/how long) 连用。若要连用，须转为对应的延续性动词或状态短语。 非延续性动词 (瞬间) 延续性动词/短语 (状态) 例句对比 buy (买) have I have had it for 2 weeks. (√) I have bought it for 2 weeks. (×) borrow (借) keep How long can I keep the book? die (死) be dead His dog has been dead for a year. join (加入) be in / be a member of He has been in the club since 2019. leave (离开) be away (from) She has been away for an hour. begin / start (开始) be on The film has been on for 10 mins. arrive / come / go be in / be at He has been in Beijing for 3 days. 三、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 一般过去时 (Simple Past) 现在完成时 (Present Perfect) 强调“过去的事实” 动作发生在过去，与现在无关。只陈述过去发生过这件事。 标志词： yesterday, last week, in 1990, just now, when I was young... I lost my key yesterday. (含义：昨天丢了。现在找到没有？不知道。) 强调“对现在的影响” 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果；或动作延续到现在。 标志词： already, yet, ever, never, just, before, so far, since, for... I have lost my key. (含义：现在钥匙还没找到，我进不去门。) 考点速记： 1. 看到 yesterday, ago, last... 铁定选一般过去时。 2. 看到 for / since，优先考虑现在完成时 (注意动词是否延续)。 3. 句中有 just now (刚才) 用过去时；只有 just (刚刚) 常用于完成时。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．I saw Harry in February and I ________(not see) him since then. 2．My hometown ________(change) a lot since the subway was put into use. 3．Lisa ________(live) in Nashville，the home of country music，since she was a child. 4．Mr Smith ________(work) at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years，so he knows a lot about insects. 5．My father and I ________(take) a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. Ⅱ.同义句转换 1．Lisa bought a new flat in the city centre two years ago. Lisa has ________ a new flat in the centre of the city ________ two years ago. 2．Jack borrowed my bike two days ago. Jack ________ ________ my bike for ________ ________． 3．She left Tokyo three years ago. She ________ ________ ________ ________ Tokyo for three years. 4．He came here a week ago. He ________ ________ here since a week ago. 5．Jim joined the mountain climbing club two years ago. Jim ________ ________ ________ the mountain climbing club for two years. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法背默及训练 Unit1 动词不定式 构成 形式 基本形式：to + 动词原形；否定形式：not + to + 动词原形。 * 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 句法作用 作主语 To read good books makes him happy. 读好书使他快乐。 作表语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 作宾语 I am planning to fly to the city to have a taste of the famous street food. 我计划乘飞机去那个城市品尝著名的街头小吃. 作宾语 补足语 I expected him to turn down the invitation. 我原以为他会拒绝这个邀请。 作定语 They made a decision to put off the meeting. 他们决定将会议推迟。 作目的 状语 I love to watch kung fu movies to relax. 我喜欢看功夫电影来放松. “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构 用法 可和 what, which, how, where, when 等连用。常作主语、宾语、表语等。 How to get there is a problem. (作主语) Please show me where to find him. (作宾语) The problem is where to find the answer. (作表语) 转换 相当于“疑问词 + 主语 + should/can + 动词” I don't know who to give it to. = I don't know who I should give it to. 含动词不定式的常用搭配 (必背) 接不定式作宾语 V. + to do agree, aim, ask, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, seem, try, want, wish 等。 If you want to send emails, you need to create an email address... 接不定式作补语 V. + sb. + to do allow, advise, ask, choose, expect, encourage, tell, want, warn, wish, invite 等。 My cousin often asks me to fly kites with her when it's windy. (教材原文) 省略 to 的不定式 V. + sb. + do 感官动词: feel, hear, see, notice, watch 使役动词: let, make, have I heard him go down the stairs. (我听见他下楼了) Can you make this old engine start? (你能让这台旧发电机启动吗?) 疑难辨析：不带 to 的不定式 (do) vs 现在分词 (doing) hear/see/notice/watch + sb. + do: 强调动作经常发生或某事发生的全过程 (The whole process)。 I often see him take physical exercise. (我经常看他进行体育锻炼) Did you notice anyone leave the room? (你注意到有人离开房间吗?) hear / see / notice / watch + sb. + doing：强调动作正在进行 (In progress)，或者指当时只看到了/听到了动作的一部分 (Part of the action)，而不是全过程。具有一种“画面感”或“片断感”。 I saw him waiting for the bus.(我看见他正在等公交车。) Did you notice his hands shaking?(你注意到他的手正在发抖吗？) Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Remember ________(not touch) the paintings when you are in the museum. 2．My father seems ________(know) more about maths，so he often helps me with maths. 3．The teacher expects his students ________(learn) Chinese culture well. 4．It's important ________(talk) about the problem with your teachers or parents. 5．The teacher wants us ________(finish) the exercise before class. 1.not to touch　2.to know 3．to learn　4.to talk　5.to finish Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子 1．男孩决定把钱归还给失主。 The boy ________ ________ give back the money to the person who lost it. 2．在我告诉你这个秘密之前，你必须承诺不告诉别人。 You must ________ ________ ________ ________ others before I tell you the secret. 3．我的老师建议我，如果想在物理学科取得好成绩，就要更努力地学习。 My teacher ________ ________ ________ study harder at physics if I want to get good grades. 4．学一门新语言很有趣，但需要努力。 ________ ________ a new language is interesting but needs hard work. 5．她每天早上早起，为的是赶第一班公交车。 She gets up early ________ ________ the first bus every morning. 1.decided to　2.promise not to tell 3．advises me to　4.To learn　5.to catch Ⅲ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 I love sport.Sometimes I go skateboarding.It makes me 1.________(feel) great.I also like 2.________(play) volleyball.I have my own volleyball，and it's perfect for me. One day，I saw a group of kids playing volleyball in the park.They were wearing cool T－shirts.I wanted 3.________(join) them，but I was a bit shy.I hardly ever played with strangers.But then I thought，“Why not？”So I went over and asked if I could play with them.They said yes. I had so much fun playing with them.Their volleyball is really nice.It doesn't belong to me，but it fits me well.Maybe I can play with them more often. Still，I love my own volleyball.Sometime in the future，I hope 4.________(make) my own volleyball team.Sports are their，your，and everyone's way 5.________(have) fun and stay healthy. Playing sports not only helps me 6.________(keep) fit，but also teaches me some important life skills such as teamwork.I learn that 7.________(win) isn't everything.And it's important 8.________(respect) each other and enjoy ourselves. 1.feel　2.to play　3.to join 4．to make　5.to have　6.(to) keep 7．to win　8.to respect Unit2 情态动词 should 用法 意为“应该;应当;可以”，表职责、义务或劝告。无人称之分，后接动词原型。否定式：shouldn't。 肯定句 主语 + should + 动词原形 (+其他) 否定句 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 (+其他) 一般疑问 Should + 主语 + 动词原形 (+其他)? In fact, you should avoid using your phone too often. 事实上，你应该避免过于频繁地使用手机。(教材原文) What should I do? Should I call him and apologize? 我该怎么办？我是不是应该打电话向他道歉？ could 用法 用于提出建议，比 can 语气更委婉。后接动词原形。 You could listen to music instead of watching videos. 你可以听音乐而不是看视频。(教材原文) But I think you could come after school tomorrow. 但我觉得你可以明天放学后过来。 延伸 had better 常缩写为 'd better，意为“最好”，语气比 should 强。否定式：had better not。 For safety's sake, we'd better not set off now. 为了安全起见，我们最好不要现在出发。 反身代词 定义 与构成 指代的人或物与主语一致，译为“自己;本身;亲自”。 构词法：一/二人称(形物代) + self/selves；三人称(宾格) + self/selves。 人称 单数 (-self) 复数 (-selves) 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself / herself / itself themselves 注意： 当所指对象性别不详时，可以用 themselves 或 himself or herself 代替。 Does anyone here consider themselves a good cook? 这里有人觉得自己厨艺很拿手吗？ 句法 作用 动词/介词 宾语 She must be very proud of herself. 她一定非常为自己感到自豪。 同位语 The president himself will attend... / ...ask the teacher herself. 主席亲自参加 / 问老师本人 (强调作用)。 表语 be yourself if you are going to do your best. 做你自己。 常用 搭配 常见的后接反身代词作宾语的动词(短语)： cut, hurt, protect, teach, enjoy, help, take care of, look after 等。 The kids all seemed to enjoy themselves.孩子们好像玩得都很高兴。 When my parents went away on business, I looked after myself.我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Jenny threw ________(her) onto the bed as soon as she came back home. 2．The picture is too difficult to draw，but little Tony still finished it by ________(he). 3．The twins can do a lot of housework by ________(they). 4．Our school life is more interesting now because we can enjoy ________(we) in different clubs. 5．“Dear，help ________(you) to eat anything you like，”Mrs Li said to Amy. 1.herself　2.himself　3.themselves 4．ourselves　5.yourself Ⅱ.选词填空(可以重复使用) should，shouldn't，could 1．—Mum，I didn't sleep well last night and I'm so tired now. —Oh，my poor baby，you ________ stay up late to play with your mobile phone. 2．—My maths is a little poor.Can you give me some advice，Amy? —I think you ________ listen to your maths teacher carefully in class. 3．Middle school students who sleep for more than 9 hours each night ________ have more energy at school. 4．________ I go to the doctor if I have a head－ache? 1.shouldn't　2.should　3.could 4．Should Unit3 although (尽管;虽然;即使) 用法与 位置 引导让步状语从句。位置灵活(主句前/后均可)。 * 位于主句前时，常用逗号隔开；位于主句后时，通常不用逗号。 Although people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn't always mean that they did it on purpose. 虽然人们有时可能会伤害你，但这并不总是意味着他们是故意的。(教材原文) His English is excellent although he speaks with a pronounced French accent. 辨析与 注意 1. 同义词转换： 可与 though / even if / even though 互换。 (though 多用于口语) 2. though 作副词： although 一般不作副词，而 though 可作副词，常放句末，意为“可是，不过”。 Plants do it all the time, though. (不过，植物却一直在做这件事。) ⚠️ 注意： although/though 不能和 but 同时使用，但可以和 yet 或 still 连用。 Although he has done well..., he still works really hard. until (直到...) 肯定vs 否定 肯定句 延续性动词 表示动作一直持续到从句时间为止。意为“直到……为止”。 Let's wait until the rain stops. (咱们等雨停了吧。) 否定句 (not...until) 非延续性动词 表示动作直到从句时间才发生。意为“直到……才”。 You won't know how he feels until you talk to him. 词性与 延伸 1. 同义词 till： until 可放句首，till 一般不用于句首。 2. 介词用法： until/till 既作连词也作介词。 ...she didn't prepare for it until last week. (直到上周才开始准备) so that (以便; 结果) 表目的 (常见) 引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了”。 • 可与 in order that 互换。 • 从句常接情态动词 (can, could, may, might, will, would)。 Talk to your loved ones... so that your joy will be doubled... 和你所爱的人谈谈……这样你的快乐就会加倍……(教材原文) He raised his voice so that/in order that everyone could hear. 表结果 (延伸) 引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”。 He didn't plan his time very well, so that he didn't finish the work in time. 他没有很好地计划时间，所以未及时完成工作。 Ⅰ.选词或短语填空(可以重复使用) until，so that，although，if 1．We all arrive as early as we can ________ we have time to warm up. 2．We won't understand the importance of time ________ we are old. 3．________ they are brothers，they have nothing in common. 4．________ you review your notes every day，you will find it easier to understand new lessons. 5．Many people want to have a holiday house by the sea，________ they can enjoy a happy time there. 1.so that　2.until　3.Although4．If　5.so that Ⅱ.用until，so that，if，although填空 I love running and I'm on my school running team.I practiced running every day 1.________ I could join the school track team.2.________ the training was tiring，I never gave up.My coach said I needed to build endurance (耐力) 3.________ I wanted to run 5 kilometres. 4．________ my friends invited me to parties，I chose to train instead.I woke up early 5.________ I could run before school.At first，I was slow.6.________ I felt disappointed，I kept pushing myself. On the day of the tryouts，I was nervous.I ran 7.________ my breath came in short gasps，focusing only on the finish line.I repeated my coach's advice：“Pace yourself.” 8．________ two faster runners passed me，I didn't slow down.In the end，I finished third—good enough for the team！9.________ that moment，I hadn't believed I could do it.Now I know hard work pays off. 1.so that　2.Although　3.if 4．Although　5.so that　6.Although 7．until　8.Although　9.Until Unit4 一、变化规则 (Transformation Rules) 规则 变化 分类 规则 示例 单音节词 和部分 双音节词 大多数词后加 -er 或 -est fast → faster → fastest 以字母e结尾的词后加 -r 或 -st large → larger → largest 重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -er 或 -est fat → fatter → fattest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，去y变i，再加 -er 或 -est heavy → heavier → heaviest 多音节词 和部分 双音节词 在词的前面加 more 或 most popular → more popular → most popular 不规则 变化 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best little less least bad worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest many / much more most 二、比较级的用法 (Usage of Comparatives) 句型结构 例句与解析 主语 + 动词 + 比较级 + than + 比较对象 表示“……比……更……” She pronounces words more clearly than before. 她发音比以前更清楚了。 主语 + 动词 + 比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数 表示同一范围内的比较，“比其他任何……都……” Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。 比较级 + and + 比较级 表示“越来越……” ...our life is becoming more and more convenient. ...我们的生活变得越来越方便。 Which/Who... + 动词 + 比较级, A or B? 两者之间的选择 Which is fiercer, the tiger or the lion? 老虎和狮子哪个更凶猛？ 三、最高级的用法 (Usage of Superlatives) 句型结构 例句与解析 主语 + 动词 (+the) + 最高级 (+名) + of/in/among 短语 表示“……中最……的” He worked hardest among us. 他在我们当中最努力。 one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 表示“最……的……之一” Traditional Chinese painting is one of the oldest art forms in the world. 中国传统绘画是世界上最古老的艺术形式之一。 the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词单数 表示“第几……” Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system. 土星是太阳系中第二大的行星。 Which/Who... + 动词 (+the) 最高级, A, B or C? 三者或三者以上的选择 Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Mike? 汤姆、杰克和迈克，谁最高？ Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Young people add some bright lights and loud music to make the dance show much ________(exciting). 2．What do we call the day with ________(little) daylight and the longest night? 3．We should speak as ________(polite) as possible when we ask strangers for help. 4．We didn't do well in this exam and Bill did ________(badly) among three of us. 5．Traditional Chinese Medicine works ________(well) than Western medicine.More and more people believe it. 1.more exciting　2.the least 3．politely　4.(the) worst　5.better Ⅱ.同义句转换 1．Jane gets to school earlier than any other student in her class. Jane gets to school ________ ________ in her class. 2．Sandy spent twenty yuan on the book.Tom spent fifteen yuan on the book. Tom spent ________ ________ ________ than Sandy on the book. 3．She is among the most talented musicians in the world. She is ________ ________ the most talented musicians in the world. 4．Communicating by social media is the most popular among students. Communicating by social media is ________ popular than ________ other way among students. 5．Lin Dong speaks more clearly than anyone else in his class. Lin Dong speaks ________ ________ ________ in his class. 1.the earliest　2.five yuan less3．one of　4.more；any5．the most clearly Ⅲ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 China has some of the most beautiful natural scenery in the world.Its mountains are 1.________(high)，and its rivers are longer.And its history is 2.________(old) than many other countries. The Himalayas are 3.________(tall) mountains on earth.Mount Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain peak.The Yangtze River is one of 4.________(long) rivers in the world.In some places，it is wider than in others，and it flows 5.________(fast) near the mountains. Guilin has some of 6.________(famous) landscapes.Its green hills and clear rivers look more peaceful than busy city views.The Li River there is 7.________(clean) and clearer than many rivers in big cities. The Great Wall is one of the 8.________(old) and longest man-made structures in the world.It looks more impressive when you stand on it and see the mountains around. China's deserts，like the Gobi，are 9.________(dry) and larger than most places.The sand dunes can look more golden under the sun. Our country has 10.________(wonderful) natural places.They are more beautiful when you visit them yourself! 1.higher　2.older　3.the tallest4．the longest　5.faster6．the most famous　7.cleaner　8.oldest 9．drier　10.the most wonderful Unit5 一、过去进行时的用法和基本结构 定义与 构成 1. 定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 2. 结构： was/were + 现在分词 (v-ing) 3. 标志词： then, at this/that time yesterday, at ... last night 等。 I was travelling on the train then. 那时我正坐火车旅行。(教材原文) We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们没在购物。 🌟 延伸： 过去进行时还常用于铺叙故事情节的背景。 A fire was burning and a cat was sleeping... A girl was playing the piano... 二、句式变化 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他? Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 三、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 现在分词的变化规律： 区别 辨析 过去进行时 强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行的过程，未必定完成。 He was doing his homework... 他一直在做作业。(强调过程) It was raining all night. 下了一夜雨。(侧重持续时长) 一般过去时 表示过去发生的事实或完成的动作。 He did his homework... 他把作业做完了。(强调完成) It rained last night. 昨夜里下过雨。(强调事实) 口诀 情况 变化规则 直 一般情况 直接加 -ing 去 以不发音字母 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing 双 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母再加 -ing 改 以 ie 结尾 改 ie 为 y 再加 -ing 四、when 和 while 与过去进行时搭配 搭配 规则 主句时态 连词 从句时态 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 when 一般过去时 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 while 过去进行时 When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. 当邻居打电话来时(瞬间)，我们一家人正在吃晚饭(进行)。 While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by... 当我在车站等车时(持续)，三辆公车开过去了(事实)。 People were asking... while some were starting... 人们互相询问(进行)...与此时，一些人正开始(进行)... 注意：通常不用进行时的动词 心理情感： love, hate, like, know 等。 连系动词： seem, appear 等。 感官动词： see, hear, smell, feel, taste 等。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．While we ________(sing) an English song，some visitors came to our class. 2．I am sorry I didn't answer your phone because I ________(play) the piano at that time. 3．—Why didn't you pick up my phone at seven o'clock last night? —I ________(do) the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn't hear it. 4．At 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon，my father ________(wait) for me outside the school gate. 5．Tim ________(watch) Touching China on CCTV with his family from 8：00 to 9：00 last Saturday evening. 1.were singing　2.was playing3．was doing　4.was waiting5．was watching Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1．The boy was reading.The rainstorm came.(合并为一句) The boy was reading ________ the rainstorm came. 2．He was__swimming at nine o'clock last Sunday morning.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ he ________ at nine o'clock last Sunday morning? 3．The woman was shopping when she saw a car accident.(改为一般疑问句) ________ the woman ________ when she saw a car accident? 4．We were__talking__loudly when the teacher came in.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ when the teacher came in? 5．He cleaned the blackboard yesterday.(用at this time yesterday改写句子) He ________ ________ the blackboard at this time yesterday. 1.when　2.What was；doing3．Was；shopping　4.What were；doing5．was cleaning Ⅲ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer，I spent two weeks in my grand－parents' house.One afternoon，at about 2 p．m.，the sky 1.________(begin) to darken slowly.My grandma was cooking dinner in the kitchen，and my grandpa 2.________(read) a newspaper in the living room.I 3.________(draw) pictures by the window.Suddenly，strong winds started blowing.The trees outside were swaying wildly，and their leaves 4.________(dance) in the air.My grandma shouted，“A storm is coming！” I quickly 5.________(run) to help her close the windows.Just then，heavy rain began to pour down.The lake water 6.________(rise).I could hear the rain hitting the roof.My grandparents and I all stayed in the living room，talking about the storm. The storm lasted for about an hour.7.________ it stopped，the sun came out again.I went outside and saw broken branches on the ground，but the air smelled fresh.At about 3：30 p．m.，my grandma 8.________(make) tea，and my grandpa 9.________(check) the garden.I realized that even though storms can be scary，staying with family makes everything feel safer. 1.began　2.was reading3．was drawing　4.were dancing　5.ran6．rose　7.When　8.was making 9．was checking Unit6 一、so ... that 的用法 (如此……以至于……) 结构含义 引导结果状语从句，so 修饰形容词/副词。 常用结构： ① 系动词 + so + adj. + that ... ② 行为动词 + so + adv. + that ... ③ so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 + that ... The bus was so crowded that they had to wait for the next one. 这辆公共汽车如此拥挤，以至于他们不得不等下一辆。 Everything happened so quickly that I didn't have time to think. 一切都发生得这么快，我都来不及去思考。 句型转换 可与 too...to... (太……而不能) 或 (not)...enough to... 互换。 The girl is so short that she can't reach the top. = The girl is too short to reach the top. = The girl is not tall enough to reach the top. 延伸辨析 (such..that) such ... that 也表“如此...以至于”，但 such 修饰 名词。 • such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that... Water is such an important substance that we cannot live without it. ⚠️ 特殊情况：名词前有 many, much, few, little 时，必用 so。 They bought so much beef that they couldn't finish it. 二、unless 的用法 (如果不；除非) 用法时态 引导条件状语从句。遵循“主将从现”原则 (主句将来时，从句一般现在时)。 In Türkiye, people don't kiss one another unless they are good friends. 在土耳其，除非是好朋友，否则人们不会亲吻彼此的脸颊。(教材原文) I won't let you go unless you tell me the truth. 我不会让你走的，除非你告诉我真相。 转换与短语 同义转换: if ... not You will fail unless you work hard. = You will fail if you do not ... 相关短语: as long as (只要) Everything is possible as long as you work hard. 三、as soon as 的用法 (一……就……) 用法精讲 引导时间状语从句。强调动作紧接着发生。同样遵循“主将从现”。 In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher. I will phone you as soon as I get home. 位置 可放在句首(加逗号)或句中。 转换 可与 the moment 互换。 易混淆点与高频考点速记 1. so vs such • so + adj / adv • so + many/much/few/little • such + (a/an) + adj + 名词 2. “主将从现”适用范围 • 条件状语从句 (if, unless, as long as) • 时间状语从句 (when, as soon as) 3. 常用句型转换 • so...that = too...to... • so...that = not...enough to... • unless = if ... not 4. 逻辑关系记忆 • unless (除非) = 条件否定 • as soon as (一...就...) = 动作紧凑 Ⅰ.同义句转换 1．He was so poor that he could not afford the meal. He was ________ poor ________ afford the meal. 2．I will go bike riding if it doesn't rain tomorrow. I will go bike riding ________ it rains tomorrow. 3．The children are too young to sit through a concert. The children are ________ young ________ they can't sit through a concert. 4．If you don't study hard，you won't get good grades. You ________ get good grades ________ you study hard. 1.too；to　2.unless　3.so；that 4．won't；unless Ⅱ.短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 There are many different cultures in the world，and each culture has its own unique customs. In some Western countries，people often shake hands 1.________ they meet.They think it's a polite way to show respect.2.________ you are very familiar with each other，a hug may be considered too intimate (亲密的).For example，in business meetings，people shake hands 3.________ firmly that it shows their confidence. In some Asian cultures，like in Japan，people bow when they greet each other.4.________ soon as someone enters a room，they will bow to show politeness.5.________ it's a very close friend，they won't shake hands easily.Japanese people are so polite 6.________ they always pay attention to the angle of the bow according to different situations. In Thailand，people greet by putting their hands together in front of the chest.7.________ it's a very informal occasion，they will keep this way of greeting.Thai people are 8.________ warm-hearted that they make visitors feel welcome. Different cultures bring us different customs，and we should respect them all. 1.when　2.Unless　3.so4．As　5.Unless　6.that7．Unless　8.so Unit7 一、现在完成时的构成与用法概述 基本 结构 have / has + 过去分词 (past participle) 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他. 一般疑问 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词...? (Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.) 两大 用法 ① 影响性用法： 动作发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响或结果。 I have already had lunch. (Implies: I am full now.) 我已经吃过午饭了。(言外之意：我现在不饿) ② 持续性用法： 动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在。 He has lived here for ten years. 他住在这里已经十年了。(现在还住在这) 二、标志词与句型搭配 常用 副词 already / yet already 用于肯定句 (句中/句末); yet 用于否定/疑问句 (句末)。 Have you finished it yet? / No, not yet. ever / never ever (曾经) 多用于疑问句; never (从不) 表示否定。 Have you ever been to the space museum? just 意为“刚刚”，常位于 have/has 之后。 I've just made some cookies. for 与 since 用于“持续性用法”，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 · for + 时间段 (e.g., for two years, for a long time) · since + 时间点 (e.g., since 2010, since last week) · since + 一般过去时的从句 (e.g., since he came here) ⚠️ 瞬间动词转换： borrow → keep; buy → have; die → be dead; join → be in; leave → be away (错) He has died for 2 years. → (对) He has been dead for 2 years. 三、难点辨析：have been / have gone have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in 去过 (已回) 表示曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了。常与 ever, never, twice 等连用。 I have been to Shanghai twice. 去了 (未回) 表示去了某地，现在不在说话现场 (在途中或到达)。 —Where is Tom? —He has gone to the library. 待在 (持续) 表示在某地待了多久。常与 for/since 连用。 She has been in New York for a month. Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Life is a book and there are still many pages I ________(not read) yet. 2．Not only my parents but also my sister ________(watch) the exciting film before. 3．—How worried Lily looks! —She ________(lose) her keys and she can't get into the house. 4．Both Lily and Lucy ________(visit) the Lanzhou Science and Technology Museum twice. 5．—Why not go to see the film with us? —Good idea.But I ________(see) it twice. 1.haven't read　2.has watched 3．has lost　4.have visited　5.have seen Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1．My aunt has planned to visit Shanghai__Museum with me this summer.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ your aunt planned to visit with you this summer? 2．Monica has already learned about the art of healthy living.(改为一般疑问句) ________ Monica learned about the art of healthy living ________？ 3．They have already visited the Great Wall.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) —________ they ________ the Great Wall ________？ —No，they ________． 4．Music has helped him become__more__confident．(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ music ________ him ________？ 5．We have learnt about life__and__death by keeping a pet dog.(对画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ about by keeping a pet dog? 1.What has　2.Has；yet3．Have；visited；yet；haven't4．What has；helped；do5．What have；learnt Unit8 一、for 和 since 的用法 基本 区别 常与现在完成时连用，表示动作或状态从过去一直延续到现在。 for for + 时间段 (表示“长达...”) I have lived here for ten years. since ① since + 过去的时间点 ② since + 一般过去时的从句 I have known him since 2010. We have been friends since we met at school. 📌 常用句型： It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 主语 + 一般过去时. It has been three years since he left home. (他离家已经三年了。) 提问 方式 对 for / since 引导的时间状语提问，通常用 How long。 — How long have you had this bike? — For about two months. 二、非延续性动词的转换 (重难点) 转换 规则 非延续性动词 (instant verbs) 表示瞬间发生，不能与表示一段时间的状语 (for/since/how long) 连用。若要连用，须转为对应的延续性动词或状态短语。 非延续性动词 (瞬间) 延续性动词/短语 (状态) 例句对比 buy (买) have I have had it for 2 weeks. (√) I have bought it for 2 weeks. (×) borrow (借) keep How long can I keep the book? die (死) be dead His dog has been dead for a year. join (加入) be in / be a member of He has been in the club since 2019. leave (离开) be away (from) She has been away for an hour. begin / start (开始) be on The film has been on for 10 mins. arrive / come / go be in / be at He has been in Beijing for 3 days. 三、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 一般过去时 (Simple Past) 现在完成时 (Present Perfect) 强调“过去的事实” 动作发生在过去，与现在无关。只陈述过去发生过这件事。 标志词： yesterday, last week, in 1990, just now, when I was young... I lost my key yesterday. (含义：昨天丢了。现在找到没有？不知道。) 强调“对现在的影响” 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果；或动作延续到现在。 标志词： already, yet, ever, never, just, before, so far, since, for... I have lost my key. (含义：现在钥匙还没找到，我进不去门。) 考点速记： 1. 看到 yesterday, ago, last... 铁定选一般过去时。 2. 看到 for / since，优先考虑现在完成时 (注意动词是否延续)。 3. 句中有 just now (刚才) 用过去时；只有 just (刚刚) 常用于完成时。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．I saw Harry in February and I ________(not see) him since then. 2．My hometown ________(change) a lot since the subway was put into use. 3．Lisa ________(live) in Nashville，the home of country music，since she was a child. 4．Mr Smith ________(work) at the Natural History Museum for more than 10 years，so he knows a lot about insects. 5．My father and I ________(take) a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years. 1.haven't seen　2.has changed 3．has lived　4.has worked　5.have taken Ⅱ.同义句转换 1．Lisa bought a new flat in the city centre two years ago. Lisa has ________ a new flat in the centre of the city ________ two years ago. 2．Jack borrowed my bike two days ago. Jack ________ ________ my bike for ________ ________． 3．She left Tokyo three years ago. She ________ ________ ________ ________ Tokyo for three years. 4．He came here a week ago. He ________ ________ here since a week ago. 5．Jim joined the mountain climbing club two years ago. Jim ________ ________ ________ the mountain climbing club for two years. 1.had；since　2.has kept；two days3．has been away from　4.has been 5．has been in 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $