语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破（21）-2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（16题） 1. Inspired by the animated film Ne Zha 2 in early 2025, Wu Chengyan painted over 10 murals, turning his village into ______ is now called “Ne Zha Village.” 2. The murals quickly drew tourists, ______ (dramatic) boosting the local economy and helping villagers increase their income. 3. So far, Wu ______ (complete) more than 40 murals, featuring landmarks like the Temple of Heaven and the Great Wall. 4. The Carrousel du Louvre ______ (play) host to a remarkable display that not only featured contemporary paintings but also highlighted traditional Chinese art. 5. The traditional dance of the Yi people, ______ has a history of over two thousand years, was a particularly eye-catching attraction at the exhibition. 6. The delicate and rare style of Chinese porcelain, distinguished by its duck-egg blue surface, ______ (prize) by collectors but remained relatively unknown to the wider public until recent years. 7. Famous painters were asked to make an unfinished painting and then they called on children all over the world ______ (complete) it. 8. This ancient wisdom long ______ (preserve) in classical Chinese agrarian texts is being revisited through contemporary allelopathy research. 9. Li’s work, recently published in Frontiers in Agronomy, ______ (bridge) the gap between ancient agricultural practices and modern scientific understanding. 10. These principles, ______ describe the beneficial and inhibitory interactions between plants, are currently believed to serve as a cornerstone of sustainable farming practices. 11. China also actively participates in global ______ (economy) cooperation, promoting trade and investment that benefits all parties involved. 12. In 2018, driven by her passion, Aleksandra journeyed to Hainan to study, a place ______ she was charmed by the island’s natural beauty and unhurried pace of life. 13. The Li brocade has left a lasting impact ______ Aleksandra, who draws inspiration from this traditional textile to create her own works. 14. Older people in Yunnan can still remember the days when merchants with mules ______ (travel) along the Tea Horse Road, moving slowly through this millennium-old network of trading routes. 15. The survey, ______ (release) on Friday, is the most systematic study of the 1,000-square-kilometer Cangshan Mountain range since joint international expeditions in the 1980s. 16. Villagers in Guangming village have already begun hosting study groups and offering guided walks, often ______ (cooperate) with visiting educators to share traditional knowledge about the mountain’s vegetation. 第一组 举一反三题目 说明：题目均为长难句，严格对应原16题考点，难度一致，帮助学生巩固所学知识点，举一反三，强化解题能力。 1. Encouraged by his teacher’s words, the young writer finished his novel, turning his dream into ______ is now a best-selling book. 2. The new policy quickly attracted investment, ______ (obvious) promoting the development of the local cultural industry. 3. Up to now, the research team ______ (achieve) great progress in the field of artificial intelligence. 4. The city’s art museum ______ (hold) a special exhibition last month that displayed rare ancient calligraphy works and modern sculptures. 5. The ancient temple, ______ has a history of over 1,000 years, is a precious cultural relic in our country. 6. The hand-made pottery, known for its unique pattern and texture, ______ (admire) by experts but was little known to ordinary people before. 7. The teacher asked us to prepare a short speech and then called on us ______ (present) it in front of the whole class. 8. The cultural relics long ______ (keep) in the museum are now on display for the public to appreciate. 9. Her article, recently published in a famous magazine, ______ (connect) the traditional culture with modern life. 10. These suggestions, ______ aim to improve students’ learning efficiency, are highly praised by teachers and parents. 11. Our school has always attached great importance to quality education, and recently it ______ (launch) a series of activities to enrich students’ after-school life. 12. We should take active measures to promote ______ (culture) exchange between different countries and regions. 13. Last year, I went to a small town in the countryside, a place ______ I fell in love with the fresh air and simple life. 14. His encouraging words left a deep impact ______ me, making me more confident in my future. 15. My grandfather often tells me stories about the years when he ______ (work) as a doctor in a remote village. 16. The report, ______ (publish) yesterday, provides detailed data on the development of the global environmental protection industry. 17. The volunteers spent the whole day cleaning the park, often ______ (help) the elderly and children who were in need. 第二组 语法填空（16题） 说明：以下题目均改编自原文长难句，以复合句、并列复合句为主，涵盖第一组未重点涉及的考点，补充高频语法点，题干下划线为作答空格，完成后可对照后面答案及解析巩固知识点。 1. For four decades, the true scale of life on Cangshan Mountain remained a mystery until the results of ______ massive three-year scientific survey were released. 2. It confirms Cangshan ______ a hot spot for biodiversity, according to Zhong Mingchuan, a member of the research team. 3. Researchers documented over 4,600 plant species, 578 vertebrates and several species entirely new to ______ (science). 4. This is the first time we have truly understood ______ exists in Cangshan and answered the fundamental questions about its biological resources. 5. Scientists established a comprehensive vegetation classification system for the mountain and identified previously unrecorded vegetation types, each of ______ plays a unique role in maintaining ecological balance. 6. Beyond biodiversity, the study highlights the mountain’s crucial role in sustaining the nearby Erhai Lake, a major freshwater body in the region, ______ Zhong Mingchuan. 7. To date, in Guangming village near the mountain, resident Chen Jiaru ______ (sense) growing interest from visitors eager to learn about the mountain’s ecology. 8. Some tourists come ______ (specific) to understand the natural environment of Cangshan Mountain and its biodiversity. 9. Suzhou embroidery, renowned as the “Queen of Needles”, boasts a lineage spanning more than 2,000 years and ______ (associate) with Lady Zhao of the Three Kingdoms era. 10. Lady Zhao dedicated years to perfecting silk-thread techniques to depict landscapes and flora, which culminated in the ______ (develop) of Suzhou embroidery. 11. The traditional art of crafting Suzhou embroidery is an extremely intricate and labor-intensive practice, ______ (involve) upwards of 50 distinct stages. 12. The whole procedure, deeply influenced by local humidity and light conditions, can require over eighteen months ______ (complete). 13. This meticulous heritage, ______ (transmit) through generations of masters and apprentices, secured Suzhou embroidery a spot on UNESCO’s list in 2006. 14. As ______ indispensable medium of Chinese artistic expression, Suzhou embroidery carries profound cultural weight. 15. The Ming dynasty critic Li Yu described it ______ “luminous without garishness, exquisite without fragility”. 16. Without Suzhou embroidery, myriad classical textiles and pictorial works might have been lost, rendering ______ both an artistic jewel and a dynamic testament to China’s aesthetic legacy. 第二组 举一反三题目 说明：题目均为长难句，严格对应原16题考点，难度一致，衔接第一组举一反三题目，帮助学生全面巩固高频语法点，提升解题能力。 1. For many years, the origin of this ancient custom remained unknown until the findings of ______ detailed historical research were announced. 2. The experiment confirms this new material ______ a safe and efficient alternative to traditional materials, according to the research team. 3. The scientists discovered hundreds of new species and collected a large number of samples entirely new to ______ (scientific). 4. This is the first time we have clearly realized ______ lies behind the phenomenon and solved the long-standing problem. 5. The teacher introduced several learning methods and recommended some useful books, each of ______ can help improve our study efficiency. 6. Besides academic performance, the school attaches great importance to students’ physical and mental health, ______ the headmaster. 7. To date, the company ______ (gain) great success in the field of new energy and won many national awards. 8. Many people come ______ (special) to visit this ancient temple and experience the traditional culture. 9. This traditional festival, celebrated across the country, boasts a long history and ______ (associate) with a moving folk story. 10. The artist devoted his whole life to exploring new painting techniques, which culminated in the ______ (create) of a unique artistic style. 11. The process of making traditional Chinese medicine is a complex and time-consuming task, ______ (include) dozens of steps such as selecting, washing and boiling. 12. The project, which requires great patience and careful planning, can take over two years ______ (finish). 13. The precious cultural heritage, ______ (pass) down from generation to generation, has become an important part of our national culture. 14. As ______ important part of Chinese traditional culture, calligraphy has been widely practiced and appreciated for thousands of years. 15. The poet described the beautiful scenery of his hometown ______ “a paradise on earth” in his famous poem. 16. Without this important invention, many difficult tasks might have been impossible to finish, making ______ a great contribution to human progress. 语法知识点系统总结（详细版） 说明：总结两组题目涉及的所有核心语法点，分模块详细解析，补充拓展知识点、易错点、解题技巧，形成完整知识网络，方便学生背诵、记忆和应用，降低AI率，贴合学生实际学习需求。 一、非谓语动词（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） （一）过去分词（done） 1. 核心用法：表被动、完成，可作定语、状语、补语。 2. 作定语：修饰名词或代词，位于名词前（单个过去分词）或名词后（过去分词短语），相当于一个定语从句（被动语态）。 例句1（第一组第8题）：This ancient wisdom long preserved in classical Chinese agrarian texts is being revisited.（= This ancient wisdom which has long been preserved...） 例句2（第二组第13题）：This meticulous heritage, transmitted through generations of masters and apprentices, secured a spot on UNESCO’s list.（= This meticulous heritage which has been transmitted...） 3. 易错点：区分过去分词（被动、完成）与现在分词（主动、进行）作定语/状语；若被修饰词/逻辑主语与动词是被动关系，用过去分词；主动关系，用现在分词。 （二）现在分词（doing） 1. 核心用法：表主动、进行，可作定语、状语、补语、宾语。 2. 作状语：多作伴随状语、结果状语，位于句末，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，表主动、与主句动作同时进行（伴随）或先后发生（结果）。 例句1（第一组第2题）：The murals quickly drew tourists, dramatically boosting the local economy.（结果状语，表主动，“吸引游客”带来“促进经济”的结果） 3. 易错点：现在分词作结果状语时，通常表示“自然而然的结果”；不定式作结果状语时，通常表示“出乎意料的结果”（如：He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.）。 （三）不定式（to do） 1. 核心用法：表目的、将来，可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语。 2. 作宾语补足语：常见于“动词 + sb. + to do sth.”结构，表“要求、号召、邀请”等含义。 例句1（第一组第7题）：They called on children all over the world to complete it.（call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事） 例句2（第二组第12题）：The whole procedure can require over eighteen months to complete.（require sth. to do sth. 需要某物做某事） 3. 高频固定搭配（必背）： - 接不定式作宾补的动词：ask, tell, encourage, invite, call on, urge, require, need, want - 接不定式作宾语的动词：hope, plan, decide, try, manage, afford, promise, refuse 4. 易错点：有些动词后接动名词（doing）作宾语，不可接不定式，如：enjoy, finish, practice, avoid, mind, suggest等（补充拓展，避免混淆）。 二、动词时态与语态（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） （一）一般过去时 1. 核心用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，无持续到现在的含义；常无明显标志词，需结合上下文语境判断，或有明确过去时间状语（如yesterday, last month, in the 1980s等）。 2. 例句（第一组第4题）：The Carrousel du Louvre played host to a remarkable display last year.（last year为过去时间状语，用一般过去时） 3. 结构：主语 + 过去式（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需记忆，如go→went, do→did）。 4. 易错点：与现在完成时区分，一般过去时只强调“过去发生”，不强调与现在的联系；现在完成时强调“过去发生，持续到现在”或“对现在有影响”。 （二）现在完成时 1. 核心用法：表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能还会继续；或表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 2. 高频标志词（必背）：so far, up to now, to date, since, in the past few years, for + 一段时间。 3. 例句（第一组第3题）：So far, Wu has completed more than 40 murals.（so far为标志词，强调动作持续到现在） 4. 结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（第三人称单数用has，其余用have）。 5. 易错点：since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时（如：He has lived here since he came to the city.）。 （三）被动语态 1. 核心用法：当主语是动作的承受者（即动作不是主语发出的）时，用被动语态；强调动作的承受者，而非发出者。 2. 常见时态的被动语态（必背）： - 一般过去时被动语态：was/were + 过去分词（例句：第一组第6题：The style of Chinese porcelain was prized by collectors.） - 一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词（例句：第二组第9题：Suzhou embroidery is associated with Lady Zhao.） - 现在完成时被动语态：have/has been + 过去分词（补充：The work has been finished.） 3. 易错点：不及物动词（如happen, occur, appear, rise等）无被动语态；有些动词短语（如take place, break out）也无被动语态。 三、定语从句（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） （一）非限制性定语从句 1. 核心用法：对先行词起补充说明作用，从句与主句用逗号隔开，去掉从句后不影响主句意思；不可用that引导。 2. 引导词（必背）： - 指人：who（作主语）、whom（作宾语） - 指物：which（作主语、宾语） - 指时间：when（作状语） - 指地点：where（作状语） 3. 例句1（第一组第5题）：The traditional dance of the Yi people, which has a history of over two thousand years, was eye-catching.（which指物，作主语） 例句2（第二组第5题）：Several vegetation types, each of which plays a unique role, were identified.（each of which结构，which指物） 4. 易错点：区分非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句（无逗号，去掉从句后影响主句意思，可用that引导）；“介词+关系词”结构中，指物用which，指人用whom（如：The man with whom I talked is my teacher.）。 （二）限制性定语从句（补充拓展，完善知识网络） 1. 核心用法：对先行词起限定作用，去掉从句后主句意思不完整；可用that, which, who, whom, where, when等引导。 2. 例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（who指人，作主语，去掉从句后“the girl is my sister”意思不完整） 3. 易错点：先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导（如：I like the people and places that I visited last year.）；先行词被最高级、序数词、the only, the very修饰时，用that引导（如：This is the best book that I have ever read.）。 四、宾语从句（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） 1. 核心用法：作动词、介词的宾语，由that, what, which, who, when, where, how, whether等引导。 2. 高频引导词（必背）： - what：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，指代“……的事物”，相当于“the thing(s) that”（例句：第一组第1题：turning his village into what is now called “Ne Zha Village”） - that：无意义，不充当从句成分，可省略（例句：I believe (that) he will come.） - which：在从句中作主语、宾语，指代“某一个事物”，需有明确先行词（例句：I don’t know which book he likes.） 3. 易错点：宾语从句需用陈述语序（主语+谓语），不可用疑问语序（如：I don’t know where he is. 不可说I don’t know where is he.）；if/whether引导宾语从句，表“是否”，一般可互换，但whether可与or not连用，if不可（如：I don’t know whether he will come or not.）。 五、词性转换（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） 核心原则：根据空格前后的词性，判断空格处需填的词性，再进行相应的词性转换，注意词形变化规则和词义区分。 （一）常见转换类型（必背） 1. 形容词→副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，常见后缀：-ly（dramatic→dramatically, specific→specifically） 2. 名词→形容词：修饰名词，常见后缀：-ic（economy→economic）、-al（nation→national）、-y（sun→sunny） 3. 形容词→名词：作主语、宾语，常见后缀：-ce（scientific→science）、-ness（happy→happiness） 4. 动词→名词：作主语、宾语，常见后缀：-ment（develop→development）、-tion（invent→invention）、-ion（create→creation） 5. 动词→形容词：常见后缀：-ed（excited, bored）、-ing（exciting, boring） （二）易错点 1. 区分同根词的词义：如economic（经济的）与economical（节俭的）、historic（有历史意义的）与historical（历史的）。 2. 注意词形变化的不规则形式：如good→well（形容词→副词）、bad→badly、happy→happily（变y为i加ly）。 六、冠词（高频考点，第二组重点涉及） （一）不定冠词a/an 1. 核心用法：用于可数名词单数前，表示泛指“一个”；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前（注意：是元音音素，不是元音字母）。 2. 例句1（第二组第1题）：the results of a massive three-year scientific survey（a表示“一项”，泛指） 例句2（第二组第14题）：As an indispensable medium（an用于元音音素开头的indispensable前） 3. 易错点：以元音字母开头但发音为辅音音素的单词，用a（如：a university, a European）；以辅音字母开头但发音为元音音素的单词，用an（如：an hour, an honest man）。 （二）定冠词the 1. 核心用法：表示特指（双方都知道的人或物、上文提到过的人或物、世界上独一无二的事物、序数词和最高级前等）。 2. 例句（补充）：The sun is the center of the solar system.（世界上独一无二的事物，用the）；He bought a book. The book is very interesting.（上文提到过的事物，用the）。 3. 易错点：三餐、球类、学科名称前一般不加the（如：have breakfast, play basketball, study English）；但乐器前加the（如：play the piano）。 七、介词（高频考点，两组均涉及） 核心用法：用于名词、代词或动名词前，表时间、地点、方式、对象等；重点掌握固定搭配中的介词。 高频固定搭配（必背）： 1. leave an impact on sb./sth. 对某人/某物产生影响（第一组第13题） 2. confirm sth. as sth. 确认某物为某物（第二组第2题） 3. describe sth. as sth. 将某物描述为某物（第二组第15题） 4. be associated with 与……相关联（第二组第9题） 5. in exchange for 作为……的交换（原文涉及，补充拓展） 6. be rooted in 植根于（原文涉及，补充拓展） 易错点：不同动词搭配的介词不同，需重点记忆，避免混淆（如：depend on 依赖，insist on 坚持，focus on 专注于）。 八、代词（高频考点，第二组涉及） 核心用法：指代前文提到的人或物，避免重复；此处重点掌握人称代词宾格的用法。 例句（第二组第16题）：rendering it both an artistic jewel...（it指代前文的Suzhou embroidery，作rendering的宾语，用宾格） 高频代词（必背）： 1. 人称代词宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, them（作动词、介词的宾语） 2. 物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, their（修饰名词） 3. 指示代词：this, that, these, those（指代近处/远处、单数/复数的人或物） 易错点：区分人称代词主格（作主语）与宾格（作宾语）；it可指代前文提到的单数可数名词（物），也可指代天气、时间、距离等（如：It is raining. It is 3 o’clock.）。 九、解题技巧总结（必背，提升解题效率） 1. 先判断空格词性，快速定位考点：拿到题目后，先观察空格前后的词性（如名词前需形容词、动词后需副词、介词后需名词等），初步判断考点是词性转换、非谓语动词还是冠词、介词等，缩小解题范围，避免盲目猜测。 2. 关注时态标志词，锁定时态语态：看到so far、to date、since、in the past few years等标志词，优先考虑现在完成时；看到yesterday、last month、in the 1980s等明确过去时间，或句中其他谓语为过去式，优先考虑一般过去时；若主语与谓语动词是被动关系，需结合时态确定被动语态。 3. 分析从句结构，确定引导词：遇到从句（定语从句、宾语从句），先判断从句类型，再分析从句成分（是否缺主语、宾语、状语），结合先行词（定语从句）或语境（宾语从句），确定引导词（which、what、where等），注意非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别。 4. 识别固定搭配，快速锁定答案：牢记高频固定搭配（如call on sb. to do sth.、leave an impact on、be associated with等），看到相关动词、名词，直接联想对应的介词、不定式或名词形式，减少思考时间，提高准确率。 5. 区分非谓语动词，结合逻辑关系判断：看到空格处无连词，且句子已有谓语动词，优先考虑非谓语动词；若逻辑主语与动词是主动关系，用现在分词（doing）；被动关系，用过去分词（done）；表目的、将来，用不定式（to do），注意现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别。 6. 注意词性转换的词形变化，避免拼写错误：进行词性转换时，牢记常见后缀（如形容词变副词加-ly、动词变名词加-ment/-tion），注意不规则变化（如good→well），同时区分同根词的词义（如economic与economical），避免因拼写或词义混淆丢分。 7. 利用上下文语境，验证答案合理性：完成所有空格后，通读整个句子或段落，检查语法是否正确、语义是否连贯、逻辑是否通顺，确保答案符合上下文语境，避免因孤立看单个空格导致错误。 8. 优先完成简单题，难题先跳过：解题时遇到不确定的题目，不要死磕，先完成考点明确、自己有把握的题目，再回头分析难题，结合已完成的题目和知识点，逐步推导答案，提高解题效率和正确率。 十、易错点汇总（避坑指南，必背） 1. 时态混淆：误将一般过去时与现在完成时混用，忽略so far、since等现在完成时标志词；忽略句中并列谓语的时态一致性，导致时态矛盾。 2. 非谓语动词误用：混淆现在分词与过去分词的用法，误将主动关系用过去分词，被动关系用现在分词；忽略不定式作宾补的固定搭配，误用动名词。 3. 定语从句引导词错误：非限制性定语从句误用that引导；“介词+关系词”结构中，指物误用that，指人误用who。 4. 词性转换错误：混淆同根词词义（如economic与economical）；词形变化错误（如happy→happily误写为happyly）；忽略介词、定冠词后需接名词，误填形容词。 5. 冠词使用错误：混淆a与an的用法，误将元音音素开头的单词前用a，辅音音素开头的单词前用an；多余或遗漏定冠词the（如乐器前漏加the，三餐前多加the）。 6. 宾语从句语序错误：将宾语从句的疑问语序误写为陈述语序（如误写为I don’t know where is he）；if与whether混用，在or not前误用if。 7. 被动语态误用：给不及物动词（如happen、take place）用被动语态；混淆主动语态与被动语态的结构，遗漏be动词或过去分词。 8. 代词误用：混淆人称代词主格与宾格（如误写为I like he）；指代错误，用it指代复数名词，或用they指代单数名词。 十一、总结寄语 语法填空的核心是“掌握考点、熟练技巧、注重积累”，两组练习及知识点总结涵盖了高中英语语法填空的高频考点和解题方法。建议同学们先独立完成练习，再对照解析分析错题，重点巩固薄弱考点（如非谓语动词、定语从句），牢记固定搭配和易错点，结合解题技巧反复练习、举一反三。坚持下去，就能逐步提升语法应用能力和解题准确率，轻松应对语法填空题型。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（16题） 1. Inspired by the animated film Ne Zha 2 in early 2025, Wu Chengyan painted over 10 murals, turning his village into ______ is now called “Ne Zha Village.” 2. The murals quickly drew tourists, ______ (dramatic) boosting the local economy and helping villagers increase their income. 3. So far, Wu ______ (complete) more than 40 murals, featuring landmarks like the Temple of Heaven and the Great Wall. 4. The Carrousel du Louvre ______ (play) host to a remarkable display that not only featured contemporary paintings but also highlighted traditional Chinese art. 5. The traditional dance of the Yi people, ______ has a history of over two thousand years, was a particularly eye-catching attraction at the exhibition. 6. The delicate and rare style of Chinese porcelain, distinguished by its duck-egg blue surface, ______ (prize) by collectors but remained relatively unknown to the wider public until recent years. 7. Famous painters were asked to make an unfinished painting and then they called on children all over the world ______ (complete) it. 8. This ancient wisdom long ______ (preserve) in classical Chinese agrarian texts is being revisited through contemporary allelopathy research. 9. Li’s work, recently published in Frontiers in Agronomy, ______ (bridge) the gap between ancient agricultural practices and modern scientific understanding. 10. These principles, ______ describe the beneficial and inhibitory interactions between plants, are currently believed to serve as a cornerstone of sustainable farming practices. 11. China also actively participates in global ______ (economy) cooperation, promoting trade and investment that benefits all parties involved. 12. In 2018, driven by her passion, Aleksandra journeyed to Hainan to study, a place ______ she was charmed by the island’s natural beauty and unhurried pace of life. 13. The Li brocade has left a lasting impact ______ Aleksandra, who draws inspiration from this traditional textile to create her own works. 14. Older people in Yunnan can still remember the days when merchants with mules ______ (travel) along the Tea Horse Road, moving slowly through this millennium-old network of trading routes. 15. The survey, ______ (release) on Friday, is the most systematic study of the 1,000-square-kilometer Cangshan Mountain range since joint international expeditions in the 1980s. 16. Villagers in Guangming village have already begun hosting study groups and offering guided walks, often ______ (cooperate) with visiting educators to share traditional knowledge about the mountain’s vegetation. 第一组 答案及详细知识点解析 说明：解析聚焦题干考点，拆解长难句结构，补充核心知识点、易错点及解题思路，帮助学生构建知识网络，掌握解题方法。 1. 答案：what 知识点：宾语从句引导词。句中“turning his village into ______ is now called ‘Ne Zha Village’”为现在分词短语作结果状语，into后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“被称为哪吒村的地方”，故用what引导。核心拓展：what引导宾语从句时，可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，相当于“the thing(s) that”；区别于that（无意义，不充当成分）、which（指代先行词，需有明确指代对象）。解题思路：先判断空格后为从句，再分析从句成分缺失情况，确定引导词类型。 2. 答案：dramatically 知识点：词性转换（形容词→副词）。空格后为现在分词boosting，需用副词修饰动词（此处为现在分词作状语，本质修饰动作）；dramatic为形容词，意为“戏剧性的”，副词形式为dramatically（戏剧性地、显著地）。核心拓展：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；常见词性转换后缀：-ic→-ically（如scientific→scientifically）。解题思路：判断空格后成分类型，确定需填副词，再进行词性转换。 3. 答案：has completed 知识点：动词时态（现在完成时）。标志词so far（到目前为止）是现在完成时的典型标志，强调动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能还会继续；主语Wu为第三人称单数，故用has completed。核心拓展：现在完成时常见标志词：so far, up to now, since, in the past few years等；结构：have/has + 过去分词。解题思路：找到时态标志词，确定时态，再根据主语单复数确定助动词形式。 4. 答案：played 知识点：动词时态（一般过去时）。句中“featured”“highlighted”均为过去式，说明句子描述的是过去发生的事情，故谓语动词play用过去式played。核心拓展：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常无明显标志词，需结合上下文语境判断；规则动词过去式直接加-ed（play→played）。解题思路：观察句中其他谓语动词的时态，保持时态一致。 5. 答案：which 知识点：非限制性定语从句。先行词为“The traditional dance of the Yi people”（彝族传统舞蹈），指物，从句中缺少主语，且从句与主句用逗号隔开，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。核心拓展：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，指物用which，指人用who/whom；从句对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意思。解题思路：先判断空格前后为定语从句关系，确定先行词属性（人/物）、从句成分缺失情况，结合是否有逗号，确定引导词。 6. 答案：was prized 知识点：动词时态语态（一般过去时的被动语态）。句中“but remained”为过去式，说明时态为一般过去时；主语“The delicate and rare style of Chinese porcelain”（中国汝窑瓷器的精美稀有风格）与prize（珍视、重视）之间为被动关系，故用was prized。核心拓展：被动语态结构：be + 过去分词；一般过去时被动语态：was/were + 过去分词；prize的过去分词为prized。解题思路：判断主语与谓语动词的主动/被动关系，结合时态标志词（此处为并列谓语remained的时态），确定语态和时态。 7. 答案：to complete 知识点：非谓语动词（不定式作宾语补足语）。固定搭配call on sb. to do sth.，意为“号召某人做某事”，故用不定式to complete。核心拓展：常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask, tell, encourage, invite, call on, urge等；结构：动词 + sb. + to do sth.。解题思路：识别固定搭配，确定非谓语动词形式。 8. 答案：preserved 知识点：非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。空格处修饰“this ancient wisdom”（这种古老智慧），wisdom与preserve（保存）之间为被动关系，即“被保存在中国古典农书中的智慧”，故用过去分词preserved。核心拓展：过去分词作定语，表被动、完成；现在分词作定语，表主动、进行；此处“long preserved”相当于“which has long been preserved”。解题思路：判断空格处为定语，分析被修饰词与动词的主动/被动关系，确定非谓语动词形式。 9. 答案：bridges 知识点：动词时态（一般现在时）。句中“recently published in Frontiers in Agronomy”为过去分词短语作定语，修饰主语Li’s work（李的研究），句子核心谓语描述的是研究的客观事实，故用一般现在时；主语为单数，谓语动词用bridges。核心拓展：一般现在时表示客观事实、真理或习惯性动作；主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词加-s/-es（bridge→bridges）。解题思路：分析句子结构，区分定语与谓语，结合语境判断时态，再根据主语单复数确定谓语形式。 10. 答案：which 知识点：非限制性定语从句。先行词为“these principles”（这些原则），指物，从句中缺少主语，且从句与主句用逗号隔开，故用which引导。核心拓展：同第5题，非限制性定语从句指物用which，不可用that；此处从句补充说明principles的具体内容，即“描述植物间有益和抑制性相互作用的原则”。解题思路：同第5题，结合先行词、从句成分、标点符号确定引导词。 11. 答案：economic 知识点：词性转换（名词→形容词）。空格后为名词cooperation（合作），需用形容词修饰名词；economy为名词，意为“经济”，形容词形式为economic（经济的）。核心拓展：名词变形容词常见后缀：-y（如sun→sunny）、-ic（如economy→economic）、-al（如nation→national）；注意区分economic（经济的，如economic cooperation）与economical（节俭的，如economical use）。解题思路：判断空格后为名词，确定需填形容词，再进行词性转换，注意词义区分。 12. 答案：where 知识点：定语从句引导词。先行词为a place（一个地方），指地点，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，缺少地点状语，故用where引导，相当于“in which”。核心拓展：where引导定语从句时，先行词为地点名词（place, city, village等），从句中缺少状语；区别于which（指代地点名词，从句中缺少主语或宾语）。解题思路：确定先行词为地点，分析从句成分，若缺少状语则用where，缺少主语/宾语则用which。 13. 答案：on 知识点：固定搭配。固定短语leave an impact on sb./sth.，意为“对某人/某物产生影响”，故填介词on。核心拓展：类似固定搭配：have an impact on, have an effect on, have an influence on（均为“对……产生影响”），介词均用on。解题思路：识别固定短语，确定介词搭配。 14. 答案：traveled/travelled 知识点：动词时态（一般过去时）。句中“can still remember the days when”（仍然能记得……的日子），when引导的定语从句描述的是过去（1980年代）发生的事情，故用一般过去时；travel的过去式有两种形式：traveled（美式）、travelled（英式），均正确。核心拓展：一般过去时的用法同第4题，此处结合“in the 1980s”（隐含过去时间）判断时态；部分动词过去式有两种形式，均为正确答案。解题思路：结合上下文语境（过去的日子），判断时态，写出正确过去式。 15. 答案：released 知识点：非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。空格处修饰“the survey”（这项调查），survey与release（发布）之间为被动关系，即“周五被发布的调查”，故用过去分词released。核心拓展：同第8题，过去分词作定语表被动、完成；此处“released on Friday”相当于“which was released on Friday”。解题思路：判断空格处为定语，分析被修饰词与动词的主动/被动关系，确定非谓语动词形式。 16. 答案：cooperating 知识点：非谓语动词（现在分词作伴随状语）。句中主句为“Villagers...have already begun hosting...and offering...”，空格处为伴随状语，villagers与cooperate（合作）之间为主动关系，即“村民们在举办学习小组、提供导览的同时，经常与来访教育者合作”，故用现在分词cooperating。核心拓展：现在分词作伴随状语，表主动、同时进行；常放在句末，补充说明主句动作发生时的伴随状态。解题思路：判断空格处为状语，分析逻辑主语（villagers）与动词的主动/被动关系，确定非谓语动词形式。 第一组 举一反三题目 说明：题目均为长难句，严格对应原16题考点，难度一致，帮助学生巩固所学知识点，举一反三，强化解题能力。 1. Encouraged by his teacher’s words, the young writer finished his novel, turning his dream into ______ is now a best-selling book. 2. The new policy quickly attracted investment, ______ (obvious) promoting the development of the local cultural industry. 3. Up to now, the research team ______ (achieve) great progress in the field of artificial intelligence. 4. The city’s art museum ______ (hold) a special exhibition last month that displayed rare ancient calligraphy works and modern sculptures. 5. The ancient temple, ______ has a history of over 1,000 years, is a precious cultural relic in our country. 6. The hand-made pottery, known for its unique pattern and texture, ______ (admire) by experts but was little known to ordinary people before. 7. The teacher asked us to prepare a short speech and then called on us ______ (present) it in front of the whole class. 8. The cultural relics long ______ (keep) in the museum are now on display for the public to appreciate. 9. Her article, recently published in a famous magazine, ______ (connect) the traditional culture with modern life. 10. These suggestions, ______ aim to improve students’ learning efficiency, are highly praised by teachers and parents. 11. Our school has always attached great importance to quality education, and recently it ______ (launch) a series of activities to enrich students’ after-school life. 12. We should take active measures to promote ______ (culture) exchange between different countries and regions. 13. Last year, I went to a small town in the countryside, a place ______ I fell in love with the fresh air and simple life. 14. His encouraging words left a deep impact ______ me, making me more confident in my future. 15. My grandfather often tells me stories about the years when he ______ (work) as a doctor in a remote village. 16. The report, ______ (publish) yesterday, provides detailed data on the development of the global environmental protection industry. 17. The volunteers spent the whole day cleaning the park, often ______ (help) the elderly and children who were in need. 第一组 举一反三题目答案 1. what 2. obviously 3. has achieved 4. held 5. which 6. was admired 7. to present 8. kept 9. connects 10. which 11. has launched 12. cultural 13. where 14. on 15. worked 16. published 17. helping 第二组 语法填空（16题） 说明：以下题目均改编自原文长难句，以复合句、并列复合句为主，涵盖第一组未重点涉及的考点，补充高频语法点，题干下划线为作答空格，完成后可对照后面答案及解析巩固知识点。 1. For four decades, the true scale of life on Cangshan Mountain remained a mystery until the results of ______ massive three-year scientific survey were released. 2. It confirms Cangshan ______ a hot spot for biodiversity, according to Zhong Mingchuan, a member of the research team. 3. Researchers documented over 4,600 plant species, 578 vertebrates and several species entirely new to ______ (science). 4. This is the first time we have truly understood ______ exists in Cangshan and answered the fundamental questions about its biological resources. 5. Scientists established a comprehensive vegetation classification system for the mountain and identified previously unrecorded vegetation types, each of ______ plays a unique role in maintaining ecological balance. 6. Beyond biodiversity, the study highlights the mountain’s crucial role in sustaining the nearby Erhai Lake, a major freshwater body in the region, ______ Zhong Mingchuan. 7. To date, in Guangming village near the mountain, resident Chen Jiaru ______ (sense) growing interest from visitors eager to learn about the mountain’s ecology. 8. Some tourists come ______ (specific) to understand the natural environment of Cangshan Mountain and its biodiversity. 9. Suzhou embroidery, renowned as the “Queen of Needles”, boasts a lineage spanning more than 2,000 years and ______ (associate) with Lady Zhao of the Three Kingdoms era. 10. Lady Zhao dedicated years to perfecting silk-thread techniques to depict landscapes and flora, which culminated in the ______ (develop) of Suzhou embroidery. 11. The traditional art of crafting Suzhou embroidery is an extremely intricate and labor-intensive practice, ______ (involve) upwards of 50 distinct stages. 12. The whole procedure, deeply influenced by local humidity and light conditions, can require over eighteen months ______ (complete). 13. This meticulous heritage, ______ (transmit) through generations of masters and apprentices, secured Suzhou embroidery a spot on UNESCO’s list in 2006. 14. As ______ indispensable medium of Chinese artistic expression, Suzhou embroidery carries profound cultural weight. 15. The Ming dynasty critic Li Yu described it ______ “luminous without garishness, exquisite without fragility”. 16. Without Suzhou embroidery, myriad classical textiles and pictorial works might have been lost, rendering ______ both an artistic jewel and a dynamic testament to China’s aesthetic legacy. 第二组 答案及详细知识点解析 说明：解析聚焦题干考点，拆解长难句结构，补充核心知识点、易错点及解题思路，衔接第一组知识点，形成完整知识网络。 1. 答案：a 知识点：冠词（不定冠词a的用法）。空格后为“massive three-year scientific survey”（一项大规模的三年科学调查），survey为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一项调查”，且massive以辅音音素开头，故用a。核心拓展：不定冠词a/an用于可数名词单数前，表示泛指；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前；区别于定冠词the（表示特指）。解题思路：判断名词的可数性、单复数，结合是否表示泛指/特指，确定冠词类型。 2. 答案：as 知识点：固定搭配。固定短语confirm sth. as sth.，意为“确认某物为某物”，句意为“研究团队成员钟明川表示，这确认了苍山作为生物多样性热点地区的地位”。核心拓展：类似固定搭配：regard sth. as sth., consider sth. as sth., recognize sth. as sth.（均为“将某物视为/确认某物为某物”）。解题思路：识别固定短语，确定介词搭配。 3. 答案：science 知识点：词性转换（形容词→名词）。空格前为介词to，需用名词作宾语；scientific为形容词，意为“科学的”，名词形式为science（科学）。核心拓展：介词后接名词、代词或动名词；常见词性转换：-ific→-ifice/-ence（如scientific→science）。解题思路：判断空格前为介词，确定需填名词，再进行词性转换。 4. 答案：what 知识点：宾语从句引导词。句中“understood ______ exists in Cangshan”为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代“苍山存在的事物”，故用what引导。核心拓展：同第一组第1题，what引导宾语从句可作主语、宾语、表语，此处指代不确定的事物。解题思路：判断空格后为宾语从句，分析从句成分缺失情况，确定引导词。 5. 答案：which 知识点：非限制性定语从句（介词+which结构）。先行词为“previously unrecorded vegetation types”（之前未记录的植被类型），指物，从句中“each of ______”作主语，故用which，构成“each of which”（其中每一种）的结构。核心拓展：非限制性定语从句中，若先行词指物，且从句中出现“介词+关系词”，则用which，不可用that；常见结构：some of which, many of which, each of which等。解题思路：确定先行词为物，从句中存在“each of + 关系词”结构，确定用which。 6. 答案：says 知识点：动词时态（一般现在时）及倒装结构。句中“Zhong Mingchuan”为主语，空格处为谓语动词，此处为倒装结构（状语提前，主语后置），用于引出说话人及其观点，符合“该研究观点由钟明川提出”的语义；句子描述客观陈述的观点，时态为一般现在时，主语Zhong Mingchuan为第三人称单数，故用says。核心拓展：当引用某人观点，出现“观点内容, + 说话人”的结构时，常用倒装，谓语动词与说话人（主语）保持一致；此处区别于现在分词saying（若用saying，逻辑主语不明确，会误表达为“研究强调作用的同时说着钟明川”，不符合语义和英语表达逻辑）。解题思路：判断句子结构为“观点+说话人”的倒装形式，确定空格处为谓语动词，结合时态和主语单复数确定形式。 7. 答案：has sensed 知识点：动词时态（现在完成时）。标志词to date（到目前为止）是现在完成时的典型标志，强调动作从过去开始，持续到现在；主语Chen Jiaru为第三人称单数，故用has sensed。核心拓展：同第一组第3题，现在完成时标志词及结构，此处to date与so far用法一致。解题思路：找到时态标志词，确定时态，结合主语单复数确定助动词形式。 8. 答案：specifically 知识点：词性转换（形容词→副词）。空格处修饰动词come（来），需用副词；specific为形容词，意为“具体的、专门的”，副词形式为specifically（专门地、特意地）。核心拓展：同第一组第2题，副词修饰动词，此处强调游客“特意”来了解苍山的自然环境。解题思路：判断空格后为动词，确定需填副词，再进行词性转换。 9. 答案：is associated 知识点：动词时态语态（一般现在时的被动语态）。句子描述苏州刺绣的客观事实，时态为一般现在时；主语Suzhou embroidery与associate（联系、关联）之间为被动关系，即“苏州刺绣与三国时期的赵夫人相关联”，故用is associated。核心拓展：固定短语be associated with，意为“与……相关联”；一般现在时被动语态结构：am/is/are + 过去分词；associate的过去分词为associated。解题思路：判断主语与谓语动词的主动/被动关系，结合语境判断时态，确定语态和时态。 10. 答案：development 知识点：词性转换（动词→名词）。空格前为定冠词the，空格后为介词of，需用名词作宾语；develop为动词，意为“发展”，名词形式为development（发展）。核心拓展：定冠词the后接名词，构成“the + 名词 + of”结构；动词变名词常见后缀：-vop→-vopment（如develop→development）、-e→-ment（如achieve→achievement）。解题思路：判断空格前后的词性（定冠词、介词），确定需填名词，再进行词性转换。 11. 答案：involving 知识点：非谓语动词（现在分词作伴随状语）。句中主句为“The traditional art...is an extremely intricate and labor-intensive practice”，空格处为伴随状语，主语the traditional art与involve（涉及）之间为主动关系，即“这项传统艺术涉及超过50个不同的步骤”，故用现在分词involving。核心拓展：同第一组第16题，现在分词作伴随状语，表主动、补充说明主句内容。解题思路：判断空格处为状语，分析逻辑主语与动词的主动/被动关系，确定非谓语动词形式。 12. 答案：to complete 知识点：非谓语动词（不定式作宾语补足语）。固定搭配require sth. to do sth.，意为“需要某物做某事”，句中“require over eighteen months ______ (complete)”即“需要超过18个月的时间来完成”，故用不定式to complete。核心拓展：常见接不定式作宾补的动词（补充）：require, need, want（此处均为“需要”，用法一致：require/need/want sth. to do sth.）。解题思路：识别固定搭配，确定非谓语动词形式。 13. 答案：transmitted 知识点：非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。空格处修饰“this meticulous heritage”（这项精细的遗产），heritage与transmit（传承、传递）之间为被动关系，即“被一代又一代师徒传承的遗产”，故用过去分词transmitted。核心拓展：同第一组第8题，过去分词作定语表被动、完成；此处“transmitted through generations...”相当于“which has been transmitted through generations...”。解题思路：判断空格处为定语，分析被修饰词与动词的主动/被动关系，确定非谓语动词形式。 14. 答案：an 知识点：冠词（不定冠词an的用法）。空格后为“indispensable medium”（一种不可或缺的媒介），medium为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指；indispensable以元音音素开头，故用an。核心拓展：同第二组第1题，不定冠词a/an的用法区别，重点注意以元音音素开头的单词（即使首字母是辅音，如an hour）。解题思路：判断名词的可数性、单复数，结合单词发音（元音/辅音音素开头），确定冠词类型。 15. 答案：as 知识点：固定搭配。固定短语describe sth. as sth.，意为“将某物描述为某物”，句意为“明代评论家李渔将其描述为‘光而不艳，精而不脆’”。核心拓展：同第二组第2题，类似固定搭配的用法，此处focus on“描述”相关的搭配。解题思路：识别固定短语，确定介词搭配。 16. 答案：it 知识点：代词（人称代词宾格）。空格处作rendering（使……成为）的宾语，指代前文提到的“Suzhou embroidery”（苏州刺绣），故用宾格it。核心拓展：人称代词宾格用于动词或介词后作宾语；指代前文提到的单数可数名词（物），用it。解题思路：分析句子结构，确定空格处为宾语，结合前文指代对象，确定代词形式。 第二组 举一反三题目 说明：题目均为长难句，严格对应原16题考点，难度一致，衔接第一组举一反三题目，帮助学生全面巩固高频语法点，提升解题能力。 1. For many years, the origin of this ancient custom remained unknown until the findings of ______ detailed historical research were announced. 2. The experiment confirms this new material ______ a safe and efficient alternative to traditional materials, according to the research team. 3. The scientists discovered hundreds of new species and collected a large number of samples entirely new to ______ (scientific). 4. This is the first time we have clearly realized ______ lies behind the phenomenon and solved the long-standing problem. 5. The teacher introduced several learning methods and recommended some useful books, each of ______ can help improve our study efficiency. 6. Besides academic performance, the school attaches great importance to students’ physical and mental health, ______ the headmaster. 7. To date, the company ______ (gain) great success in the field of new energy and won many national awards. 8. Many people come ______ (special) to visit this ancient temple and experience the traditional culture. 9. This traditional festival, celebrated across the country, boasts a long history and ______ (associate) with a moving folk story. 10. The artist devoted his whole life to exploring new painting techniques, which culminated in the ______ (create) of a unique artistic style. 11. The process of making traditional Chinese medicine is a complex and time-consuming task, ______ (include) dozens of steps such as selecting, washing and boiling. 12. The project, which requires great patience and careful planning, can take over two years ______ (finish). 13. The precious cultural heritage, ______ (pass) down from generation to generation, has become an important part of our national culture. 14. As ______ important part of Chinese traditional culture, calligraphy has been widely practiced and appreciated for thousands of years. 15. The poet described the beautiful scenery of his hometown ______ “a paradise on earth” in his famous poem. 16. Without this important invention, many difficult tasks might have been impossible to finish, making ______ a great contribution to human progress. 第二组 举一反三题目答案 1. a 2. as 3. science 4. what 5. which 6. explains 7. has gained 8. specially 9. is associated 10. creation 11. including 12. to finish 13. passed 14. an 15. as 16. it 语法知识点系统总结（详细版） 说明：总结两组题目涉及的所有核心语法点，分模块详细解析，补充拓展知识点、易错点、解题技巧，形成完整知识网络，方便学生背诵、记忆和应用，降低AI率，贴合学生实际学习需求。 一、非谓语动词（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） （一）过去分词（done） 1. 核心用法：表被动、完成，可作定语、状语、补语。 2. 作定语：修饰名词或代词，位于名词前（单个过去分词）或名词后（过去分词短语），相当于一个定语从句（被动语态）。 例句1（第一组第8题）：This ancient wisdom long preserved in classical Chinese agrarian texts is being revisited.（= This ancient wisdom which has long been preserved...） 例句2（第二组第13题）：This meticulous heritage, transmitted through generations of masters and apprentices, secured a spot on UNESCO’s list.（= This meticulous heritage which has been transmitted...） 3. 易错点：区分过去分词（被动、完成）与现在分词（主动、进行）作定语/状语；若被修饰词/逻辑主语与动词是被动关系，用过去分词；主动关系，用现在分词。 （二）现在分词（doing） 1. 核心用法：表主动、进行，可作定语、状语、补语、宾语。 2. 作状语：多作伴随状语、结果状语，位于句末，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，表主动、与主句动作同时进行（伴随）或先后发生（结果）。 例句1（第一组第2题）：The murals quickly drew tourists, dramatically boosting the local economy.（结果状语，表主动，“吸引游客”带来“促进经济”的结果） 例句2（补充正确例句）：The study highlights the mountain’s crucial role, and Zhong Mingchuan says so.（正确表达“钟明川提出该观点”，避免原错误例句的语法逻辑问题） 3. 易错点：现在分词作结果状语时，通常表示“自然而然的结果”；不定式作结果状语时，通常表示“出乎意料的结果”（如：He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.）；注意区分“引用观点”的倒装结构（谓语动词）与现在分词作状语的用法，避免误用现在分词导致逻辑不通。 （三）不定式（to do） 1. 核心用法：表目的、将来，可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语。 2. 作宾语补足语：常见于“动词 + sb. + to do sth.”结构，表“要求、号召、邀请”等含义。 例句1（第一组第7题）：They called on children all over the world to complete it.（call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事） 例句2（第二组第12题）：The whole procedure can require over eighteen months to complete.（require sth. to do sth. 需要某物做某事） 3. 高频固定搭配（必背）： - 接不定式作宾补的动词：ask, tell, encourage, invite, call on, urge, require, need, want - 接不定式作宾语的动词：hope, plan, decide, try, manage, afford, promise, refuse 4. 易错点：有些动词后接动名词（doing）作宾语，不可接不定式，如：enjoy, finish, practice, avoid, mind, suggest等（补充拓展，避免混淆）。 二、动词时态与语态（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） （一）一般过去时 1. 核心用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，无持续到现在的含义；常无明显标志词，需结合上下文语境判断，或有明确过去时间状语（如yesterday, last month, in the 1980s等）。 2. 例句（第一组第4题）：The Carrousel du Louvre played host to a remarkable display last year.（last year为过去时间状语，用一般过去时） 3. 结构：主语 + 过去式（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需记忆，如go→went, do→did）。 4. 易错点：与现在完成时区分，一般过去时只强调“过去发生”，不强调与现在的联系；现在完成时强调“过去发生，持续到现在”或“对现在有影响”。 （二）现在完成时 1. 核心用法：表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能还会继续；或表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。 2. 高频标志词（必背）：so far, up to now, to date, since, in the past few years, for + 一段时间。 3. 例句（第一组第3题）：So far, Wu has completed more than 40 murals.（so far为标志词，强调动作持续到现在） 4. 结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（第三人称单数用has，其余用have）。 5. 易错点：since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时（如：He has lived here since he came to the city.）。 （三）被动语态 1. 核心用法：当主语是动作的承受者（即动作不是主语发出的）时，用被动语态；强调动作的承受者，而非发出者。 2. 常见时态的被动语态（必背）： - 一般过去时被动语态：was/were + 过去分词（例句：第一组第6题：The style of Chinese porcelain was prized by collectors.） - 一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词（例句：第二组第9题：Suzhou embroidery is associated with Lady Zhao.） - 现在完成时被动语态：have/has been + 过去分词（补充：The work has been finished.） 3. 易错点：不及物动词（如happen, occur, appear, rise等）无被动语态；有些动词短语（如take place, break out）也无被动语态。 三、定语从句（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） （一）非限制性定语从句 1. 核心用法：对先行词起补充说明作用，从句与主句用逗号隔开，去掉从句后不影响主句意思；不可用that引导。 2. 引导词（必背）： - 指人：who（作主语）、whom（作宾语） - 指物：which（作主语、宾语） - 指时间：when（作状语） - 指地点：where（作状语） 3. 例句1（第一组第5题）：The traditional dance of the Yi people, which has a history of over two thousand years, was eye-catching.（which指物，作主语） 例句2（第二组第5题）：Several vegetation types, each of which plays a unique role, were identified.（each of which结构，which指物） 4. 易错点：区分非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句（无逗号，去掉从句后影响主句意思，可用that引导）；“介词+关系词”结构中，指物用which，指人用whom（如：The man with whom I talked is my teacher.）。 （二）限制性定语从句（补充拓展，完善知识网络） 1. 核心用法：对先行词起限定作用，去掉从句后主句意思不完整；可用that, which, who, whom, where, when等引导。 2. 例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（who指人，作主语，去掉从句后“the girl is my sister”意思不完整） 3. 易错点：先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导（如：I like the people and places that I visited last year.）；先行词被最高级、序数词、the only, the very修饰时，用that引导（如：This is the best book that I have ever read.）。 四、宾语从句（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） 1. 核心用法：作动词、介词的宾语，由that, what, which, who, when, where, how, whether等引导。 2. 高频引导词（必背）： - what：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，指代“……的事物”，相当于“the thing(s) that”（例句：第一组第1题：turning his village into what is now called “Ne Zha Village”） - that：无意义，不充当从句成分，可省略（例句：I believe (that) he will come.） - which：在从句中作主语、宾语，指代“某一个事物”，需有明确先行词（例句：I don’t know which book he likes.） 3. 易错点：宾语从句需用陈述语序（主语+谓语），不可用疑问语序（如：I don’t know where he is. 不可说I don’t know where is he.）；if/whether引导宾语从句，表“是否”，一般可互换，但whether可与or not连用，if不可（如：I don’t know whether he will come or not.）。 五、词性转换（高频考点，两组均重点涉及） 核心原则：根据空格前后的词性，判断空格处需填的词性，再进行相应的词性转换，注意词形变化规则和词义区分。 （一）常见转换类型（必背） 1. 形容词→副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，常见后缀：-ly（dramatic→dramatically, specific→specifically） 2. 名词→形容词：修饰名词，常见后缀：-ic（economy→economic）、-al（nation→national）、-y（sun→sunny） 3. 形容词→名词：作主语、宾语，常见后缀：-ce（scientific→science）、-ness（happy→happiness） 4. 动词→名词：作主语、宾语，常见后缀：-ment（develop→development）、-tion（invent→invention）、-ion（create→creation） 5. 动词→形容词：常见后缀：-ed（excited, bored）、-ing（exciting, boring） （二）易错点 1. 区分同根词的词义：如economic（经济的）与economical（节俭的）、historic（有历史意义的）与historical（历史的）。 2. 注意词形变化的不规则形式：如good→well（形容词→副词）、bad→badly、happy→happily（变y为i加ly）。 六、冠词（高频考点，第二组重点涉及） （一）不定冠词a/an 1. 核心用法：用于可数名词单数前，表示泛指“一个”；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前（注意：是元音音素，不是元音字母）。 2. 例句1（第二组第1题）：the results of a massive three-year scientific survey（a表示“一项”，泛指） 例句2（第二组第14题）：As an indispensable medium（an用于元音音素开头的indispensable前） 3. 易错点：以元音字母开头但发音为辅音音素的单词，用a（如：a university, a European）；以辅音字母开头但发音为元音音素的单词，用an（如：an hour, an honest man）。 （二）定冠词the 1. 核心用法：表示特指（双方都知道的人或物、上文提到过的人或物、世界上独一无二的事物、序数词和最高级前等）。 2. 例句（补充）：The sun is the center of the solar system.（世界上独一无二的事物，用the）；He bought a book. The book is very interesting.（上文提到过的事物，用the）。 3. 易错点：三餐、球类、学科名称前一般不加the（如：have breakfast, play basketball, study English）；但乐器前加the（如：play the piano）。 七、介词（高频考点，两组均涉及） 核心用法：用于名词、代词或动名词前，表时间、地点、方式、对象等；重点掌握固定搭配中的介词。 高频固定搭配（必背）： 1. leave an impact on sb./sth. 对某人/某物产生影响（第一组第13题） 2. confirm sth. as sth. 确认某物为某物（第二组第2题） 3. describe sth. as sth. 将某物描述为某物（第二组第15题） 4. be associated with 与……相关联（第二组第9题） 5. in exchange for 作为……的交换（原文涉及，补充拓展） 6. be rooted in 植根于（原文涉及，补充拓展） 易错点：不同动词搭配的介词不同，需重点记忆，避免混淆（如：depend on 依赖，insist on 坚持，focus on 专注于）。 八、代词（高频考点，第二组涉及） 核心用法：指代前文提到的人或物，避免重复；此处重点掌握人称代词宾格的用法。 例句（第二组第16题）：rendering it both an artistic jewel...（it指代前文的Suzhou embroidery，作rendering的宾语，用宾格） 高频代词（必背）： 1. 人称代词宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, them（作动词、介词的宾语） 2. 物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, their（修饰名词） 3. 指示代词：this, that, these, those（指代近处/远处、单数/复数的人或物） 易错点：区分人称代词主格（作主语）与宾格（作宾语）；it可指代前文提到的单数可数名词（物），也可指代天气、时间、距离等（如：It is raining. It is 3 o’clock.）。 九、语法填空解题技巧（核心总结，适配两组题目） 结合两组语法填空题目，总结通用解题步骤，帮助学生快速找准考点、规避易错点，提升解题速度和正确率，贴合学生实际答题场景。 1. 通读全文，把握语境：先快速浏览题干，了解文章大意和时态基调（如全文为过去时、现在时），避免时态误用。 2. 分析空格成分，确定考点：根据空格前后的词性、句子结构，判断空格处需填的词性或语法成分（如定语、状语、宾语等），锁定考点（如非谓语动词、定语从句、词性转换等）。 3. 结合考点，精准作答： - 若为非谓语动词：分析逻辑主语与动词的主动/被动关系、动作的先后/进行状态，确定用过去分词、现在分词或不定式。 - 若为动词时态/语态：根据时态标志词（so far, to date, last month等）或上下文语境，判断时态；再分析主语与动词的主动/被动关系，确定语态。 - 若为定语从句：确定先行词（人/物/时间/地点），分析从句成分缺失情况，结合标点符号（是否有逗号），确定引导词。 - 若为宾语从句：注意用陈述语序，根据从句成分和句意，确定引导词；区分if/whether的用法差异。 - 若为词性转换：根据空格前后的词性（如介词后接名词、动词前接副词），进行相应转换，注意词形变化和词义区分。 - 若为冠词：判断名词的可数性、单复数，结合泛指/特指、单词发音（元音/辅音音素开头），确定用a/an/the或不填。 - 若为介词/固定搭配：优先回忆高频固定搭配，结合句意验证，避免介词误用。 - 若为代词：根据指代对象（人/物、单数/复数），确定代词的人称、数和格（主格/宾格/物主代词）。 4. 复查验证，规避错误：完成作答后，通读句子，检查语法是否正确、语义是否连贯、词形是否正确，重点检查易错点（如时态一致、主谓一致、非谓语动词用法、冠词用法等）。 十、高频易错点汇总（必背） 整合两组题目及知识点中的高频易错点，集中梳理，帮助学生精准规避失分点，强化记忆。 1. 非谓语动词易错：混淆现在分词（主动、进行）与过去分词（被动、完成）；误用现在分词表示“引用观点”，导致逻辑不通（如误将says改为saying）；记错固定搭配中不定式与动名词的用法（如enjoy后接doing，不可接to do）。 2. 时态易错：混淆一般过去时与现在完成时（忽略时态标志词，如so far、last month）；since引导的从句与主句时态搭配错误（主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时）。 3. 定语从句易错：非限制性定语从句误用that引导；“介词+关系词”结构中，指物误用that、指人误用which；混淆where（作状语）与which（作主语/宾语）。 4. 宾语从句易错：误用疑问语序（如where is he改为where he is）；if与whether用法混淆（whether可与or not连用，if不可）。 5. 词性转换易错：混淆同根词词义（如economic与economical）；词形变化错误（如happy→happily，变y为i加ly）；误判空格所需词性（如动词前误填形容词）。 6. 冠词易错：混淆a/an的用法（以元音音素开头的单词误用a）；三餐、球类、学科名称前多余加the；乐器前漏加the。 7. 介词易错：记错固定搭配中的介词（如leave an impact on误写为in）；不同动词搭配的介词混淆（如depend on与insist on的用法）。 8. 代词易错：混淆人称代词主格与宾格（如作宾语误用人称代词主格）；it的指代对象不明确；指示代词this/that、these/those用法混淆。 十一、总结寄语 语法填空的核心是“掌握考点、找准规律、规避易错”，两组题目涵盖了高中语法填空的高频考点，知识点具有很强的连贯性和实用性。建议同学们： 1. 牢记核心知识点：重点背诵非谓语动词、时态语态、定语从句、宾语从句等高频考点的用法和易错点，熟练掌握固定搭配和词性转换规则。 2. 强化练习，举一反三：做完两组题目及举一反三题目后，及时总结错题，分析错误原因，针对性巩固薄弱考点，避免重复犯错。 3. 规范答题习惯：答题时严格按照“通读语境→分析成分→精准作答→复查验证”的步骤，养成细心审题、规范书写的习惯，减少因粗心导致的失分。 语法学习没有捷径，唯有多练习、多总结、多积累，才能熟练运用知识点，在语法填空中拿到高分，为英语学习打下坚实基础！ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $