内容正文:
语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(16题)
1. After French rider Valentin Debise crossed the finish line ______ (secure) back-to-back victories at the Portuguese round of the 2026 FIM Supersport World Championship, Chinese motorcycle entrepreneur Zhang Xue could barely contain his emotion.
2. It was only the second round of the season, yet ZXMoto, a newly ______ (establish) Chinese manufacturer, had already claimed its first-ever race wins.
3. In 2006, he rode more than 100 kilometers in the pouring rain for a chance to appear on television ______ showcase his riding skills.
4. ______ failure at first, his persistence paid off, eventually earning him ______ opportunity with a professional racing team.
5. Between 2009 and 2012, he worked at a motorcycle factory in Zhejiang, getting a good ______ (master) of the full vehicle development process.
6. In 2013, he moved to Chongqing, a major hub of China's motorcycle industry, ______ he began his own journey of motorcycle manufacturing.
7. Looking ahead, Zhang said he aims to capture over half of the market share ______ (current) held by international big brands within five years.
8. For many Chinese motorcyclists, ZXMoto ______ (transform) from a role of a conventional manufacturer into a symbol of pride, ______ (reshape) the domestic motorcycle landscape in ways no one anticipated.
9. In a remote valley in southern Guizhou province ______ (lie) Huanggang, an 800-year-old village where the Dong ethnic people continue to practise a traditional farming lifestyle.
10. This traditional rice-fish-duck farming system has been practised for centuries, enabling the Dong people to live in harmony with the land while maintaining a food system that’s both ______ (produce) and sustainable.
11. Huanggang has five drum towers, each ______ (represent) a family and ______ (serve) as a place to signal major events or emergencies.
12. Inside one of the village’s drum towers, Dong women gather to sing the grand songs, ______ choral tradition is central to their culture.
13. They still perform songs ______ (inspire) by 800-year-old stories on friendship, nature and love, which nourish their souls as rice nourishes their bodies.
14. The value of imports and exports of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region increased from 156.91 billion yuan in 2021 to 434.16 billion yuan in 2024, marking an average annual growth rate of 40 percent, as ______ (report) by the region’s department of commerce.
15. Since ______ (it) launch in November 2023, the China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone has helped establish more than 17,000 enterprises, which promotes the region’s commercial economy.
16. Xinjiang, ______ (seek) new partners in the markets of ASEAN, the Middle East, and Africa, is embracing broader development prospects with its cross-border e-commerce warehouses.
第一组 举一反三题目
1. When the famous singer walked onto the stage, she smiled ______ (warm) and waved to her fans.
2. This is a newly ______ (build) library, which has collected more than 100,000 books since it opened.
3. He stayed up late last night ______ finish his homework on time.
______ the heavy rain, we still went to the concert and got ______ unforgettable experience.
4. Through years of hard work, she finally got a good ______ (command) of English and became an interpreter.
5. I went back to my hometown, ______ I spent my happy childhood with my grandparents.
6. The project ______ (current) being carried out will help improve people’s living conditions in the rural areas.
7. Over the past ten years, our city ______ (change) greatly, ______ (attract) thousands of tourists every year.
8. On the top of the mountain ______ (stand) an old temple that has a history of over 500 years.
9. This new farming method is more ______ (efficiency) than the traditional one, helping farmers get more harvest.
10. There are three big trees in the yard, each ______ (provide) shade for the children to play under.
11. She showed me a photo album, ______ pages were filled with memories of her college life.
12. The film ______ (base) on a true story moved many people to tears when it was shown in the cinema.
13. The number of people using smartphones has increased rapidly, as ______ (mention) in the recent report.
14. The company announced that ______ (it) new product would be launched next month.
15. The young man ______ (pursue) his dream of becoming a doctor never gives up even when he meets difficulties.
16. As a teacher, she always tries her best to help students who have difficulty in learning, ______ (devote) all her time and energy to education.
第二组 语法填空(16题)
说明:以下题目均改编自原文长难句,侧重复合句、并列复合句,涵盖非谓语动词、情态动词、定语从句、名词性从句、介词、词性转换、时态语态等高频考点,下划线处为需填空内容。
1. Prior to landing at Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport, I knew nothing about Guizhou province, though a detailed guide ______ (provide) to me in advance.
2. I was on vacation and, ______ (honest), I liked surprises because there was a certain virtue in going into a place blind.
3. As the train sped toward Tongren, I stared out the window in wonder at the vast mountains ______ (cover) in endless green forests.
4. Pristine, teal-blue rivers cut through deep valleys, and clusters of homes nestled quietly between rising peaks, ______ made me feel like I had passed through a wormhole into a fairy-tale land.
5. I later learned that Guizhou is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Libo Karst, ______ is famous for its unique landforms.
6. The province also boasts the Shuanghe Cave system, the ______ (long) dolomite cave system in the world.
7. But ______ (sit) on that train, I only had one thought: “This place is 92 percent mountains,” I texted a friend in the United States.
8. Sometimes, the best trips are the ones you don’t plan too much, and that first glimpse of Guizhou’s wild ______ (beautiful) stayed with me long after the train pulled into the station.
9. It proved in just one ride that ______ you let go of the itinerary, the landscape itself will speak to you.
10. Recently, tensions between the US and Iran have risen sharply, ______ (cause) wide concern across the world and affecting the regional peace and ______ (stable) greatly.
11. The US ______ (implement) strict sanctions and military pressures on Iran for years, but Iran has shown firm determination to fight back.
12. It refuses to give ______ to any unfair pressure and sticks to protecting its own national sovereignty, which is the core interest of every country.
13. Faced with foreign threats, the whole nation remains ______ (unite) and brave, and many Iranian people are willing to defend their motherland at all costs.
14. The international community calls on both sides ______ (calm) down and solve problems through peaceful talks instead of conflicts.
15. As long as the two sides put peace first and respect each other’s core interests, the tense situation ______ (improve) sooner or later.
16. China will establish a multi-level artificial intelligence (AI) education system ______ (cover) primary, junior high and senior high schools to guide students from foundational cognitive awareness to ______ (practice) technological innovation.
第二组 举一反三题目
1. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane ______ (take) off, so we had to change our tickets.
2. He is a hard-working student and, ______ (fortune), he passed the final exam with high marks.
3. The old man walked slowly along the street, followed by his dog ______ (tie) to a rope.
4. She spent hours preparing for the speech, and she delivered it perfectly, ______ won her a lot of applause.
5. We all believe that the city ______ we live will become more and more beautiful in the future.
6. This is one of the ______ (important) events in our school’s history, which will be remembered forever.
7. ______ (walk) along the riverbank, I saw many people fishing and chatting happily.
8. The ______ (bright) of the sun shines through the window, warming the whole room.
9. It is well known that ______ you keep exercising every day, you will keep healthy.
10. The heavy snow lasted for three days, ______ (block) the roads and affecting the traffic greatly.
11. My father ______ (work) in the same company for 20 years, and he still loves his job.
12. Never give ______ to difficulties, and you will achieve your dreams in the end.
13. Under the leadership of the leader, the team became more ______ (cooperate) and achieved great success.
14. The teacher encouraged all the students ______ (try) their best to solve the problem by themselves.
15. Unless you finish your homework on time, you ______ (not allow) to watch TV tonight.
16. We need to set up a training system ______ (include) all employees to improve their professional skills and promote ______ (operate) efficiency.
语法知识点系统总结(详细全面,方便背诵记忆,构建知识网络)
一、非谓语动词(高频考点,重中之重)
非谓语动词是语法填空的核心考点,分为现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)、不定式(to do),无人称和数的变化,不能作谓语,可作定语、状语、宾语补足语等,关键判断“逻辑主语与动词的关系”(主动/被动)和“动作的状态”(进行/完成)。
1. 现在分词(doing):
① 逻辑主语与动词是主动关系;② 动作处于进行中或表主动状态;③ 用法:
- 作定语:修饰名词,表主动、进行(如a boy running on the playground 一个正在操场上跑步的男孩);可位于名词前或后,后置定语可还原为主动语态的定语从句。
- 作状语:表时间、伴随、原因、结果等,逻辑主语与主句主语一致(如Sitting by the window, she read a book. 坐在窗边,她读了一本书);作结果状语时,表自然、顺理成章的结果。
- 作宾语补足语:用于感官动词(see、hear、watch等)或使役动词后,表主动、进行(如I saw him playing basketball. 我看见他正在打篮球)。
2. 过去分词(done):
① 逻辑主语与动词是被动关系;② 动作处于完成状态或表被动;③ 用法:
- 作定语:修饰名词,表被动、完成(如a book written by Lu Xun 一本鲁迅写的书);可位于名词前或后,后置定语可还原为被动语态的定语从句。
- 作状语:表时间、伴随、原因、条件等,逻辑主语与主句主语一致(如Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful. 从山顶看,这座城市很美);常与be done+介词短语搭配(如be covered in/with、be based on)。
- 作宾语补足语:用于感官动词或使役动词后,表被动、完成(如I heard the song sung by her. 我听到她唱了这首歌)。
3. 不定式(to do):
① 表目的、结果、将来的动作;② 用法:
- 作目的状语:位于句末或句首,表“为了……”(如He went to the library to borrow books. 他去图书馆借书);否定形式为not to do。
- 作宾语补足语:用于ask、tell、encourage、call on等动词后,表“让/呼吁某人做某事”(如She asked me to help her. 她让我帮她);使役动词(make、let、have)和感官动词后,不定式省略to(如Let him go. 让他走)。
- 作宾语:用于want、hope、decide、plan等动词后(如I want to go home. 我想回家);部分动词后接doing和to do含义不同(如remember to do sth 记得要做某事;remember doing sth 记得做过某事)。
- 作结果状语:表意外、出乎意料的结果,常与only连用(如He rushed there, only to find nobody. 他冲到那里,却发现没人)。
二、复合句(高频考点,包含定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)
复合句是长难句的核心,由主句和从句构成,从句需用引导词连接,且用陈述语序。
(一)定语从句(修饰名词或代词,分为限制性和非限制性)
1. 引导词分类:
- 关系代词:who(修饰人,作主语/宾语)、whom(修饰人,作宾语)、which(修饰物/整个句子,作主语/宾语)、that(修饰人/物,作主语/宾语,不能用于非限制性定语从句)、whose(修饰人/物,作定语,表“……的”)。
- 关系副词:where(修饰地点名词,作地点状语,相当于in/on/at which)、when(修饰时间名词,作时间状语,相当于in/on/at which)、why(修饰reason,作原因状语,相当于for which)。
2. 关键判断:① 先找先行词(被修饰的名词/代词/整个句子);② 判断定语从句中缺什么成分(缺主语/宾语用关系代词,缺状语用关系副词);③ 区分限制性(无逗号,不可省略)和非限制性(有逗号,补充说明,不可用that)。
3. 易错点:① whose可修饰物(如the house whose windows are open 窗户开着的房子);② which可指代前面整个句子(如He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. 他通过了考试,这让他的父母很高兴);③ 介词+which/whom(如the person with whom I worked 我一起工作的人)。
(二)名词性从句(作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,统称名词性从句)
1. 宾语从句(最常用):
- 引导词:that(无含义,不作成分,可省略)、if/whether(表“是否”,不作成分)、what/which/who/whom/whose/how/why等(有含义,作成分)。
- 注意:① 从句用陈述语序(如I don’t know where he went. 我不知道他去了哪里,不能说where did he go);② if和whether的区别:whether可用于句首、介词后、与or not连用,if不可(如I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他是否会来)。
2. 主语从句:
- 引导词:that、what、whether、how等;常常用形式主语it代替,避免句子头重脚轻(如It is important that we study hard. 我们努力学习很重要,真正的主语是that从句)。
3. 表语从句:
- 引导词:that、what、whether、how等,位于系动词(be、remain、become等)后(如My dream is that I can become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生)。
(三)状语从句(修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表时间、条件、让步、原因、结果等)
1. 条件状语从句:引导词if、as long as、unless(“除非”),遵循“主将从现”原则(主句用将来时/情态动词,从句用一般现在时)(如If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里)。
2. 让步状语从句:引导词though/although(“尽管”,不能与but连用)、despite/in spite of(“尽管”,后接名词性成分)、even if/even though(“即使”)(如Though he is young, he knows a lot. 尽管他很小,但他知道很多)。
3. 时间状语从句:引导词when、while、as、before、after、until、by the time等;by the time引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时(如By the time he arrived, the meeting had begun. 他到达时,会议已经开始了)。
4. 结果状语从句:引导词so...that...(“如此……以至于……”)、such...that...(“如此……以至于……”);so后接形容词/副词,such后接名词短语(如He is so tall that he can reach the top. 他很高,能碰到顶部)。
三、词性转换(高频基础考点,贯穿所有题目)
词性转换的核心是“根据句子成分判断所需词性”,结合词根词缀进行转换,常见转换类型如下,需牢记常见词根词缀:
1. 动词→名词:
- 加ment:develop→development、achieve→achievement、implement→implementation
- 加y:discover→discovery、recover→recovery、honest→honesty
- 加ness:happy→happiness、sad→sadness、kind→kindness
- 加ion:act→action、decide→decision、attract→attraction
- 其他:master→mastery、unite→union、practice→practice(本身可作名词)
2. 名词→形容词:
- 加ful:care→careful、help→helpful、beauty→beautiful
- 加less:care→careless、home→homeless、use→useless
- 加y:rain→rainy、sun→sunny、health→healthy
- 加able:comfort→comfortable、love→lovable、reason→reasonable
- 其他:stability→stable、cooperate→cooperative、practice→practical
3. 形容词→副词:
- 一般加ly:warm→warmly、honest→honestly、quick→quickly
- 以e结尾加ly:nice→nicely、polite→politely、wide→widely
- 以y结尾变y为i加ly:happy→happily、easy→easily、busy→busily
- 特殊变化:good→well、hard→hard(副词,“努力地”)、late→late(副词,“晚”)
4. 易错点:① 区分同源词的含义(如produce→product→production→productive,含义不同,用法不同);② 注意词性转换后的单复数(名词)、比较级/最高级(形容词/副词)。
四、时态和语态(基础考点,易错点多)
(一)时态:重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时。
1. 现在完成时(have/has+过去分词):
- 标志词:for+时间段、since+时间点/从句、so far、up to now、in the past few years、already、yet、ever、never等。
- 含义:① 动作从过去开始,持续到现在(如I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这里住了10年了);② 动作过去发生,对现在有影响(如He has finished his homework, so he can watch TV. 他已经做完作业了,所以可以看电视)。
2. 现在完成进行时(have/has been+现在分词):
- 标志词:for+时间段、since+时间点/从句。
- 含义:动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且可能还在继续,强调“动作的持续性”(如He has been working for 8 hours. 他已经工作了8小时了,还在继续)。
3. 过去完成时(had+过去分词):
- 标志词:by the time、before、after、until等,强调“过去的过去”(动作发生在另一个过去动作之前)(如By the end of last year, we had built 10 schools. 到去年年底,我们已经建了10所学校)。
4. 一般将来时(will+动词原形/be going to+动词原形):
- 标志词:tomorrow、next week、in the future、soon等;也可用于条件状语从句、时间状语从句的主句(遵循“主将从现”)。
(二)语态:重点掌握被动语态(be+过去分词),核心是“主语承受动作”。
1. 被动语态的时态变化:结合不同时态,被动语态的结构也会相应变化,核心是“be动词的时态+过去分词”,常见时态的被动语态如下:
- 一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are+过去分词(如The book is written by him. 这本书是他写的);
- 一般过去时被动语态:was/were+过去分词(如The letter was sent yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄的);
- 现在完成时被动语态:have/has been+过去分词(如The work has been finished. 工作已经被完成了);
- 过去完成时被动语态:had been+过去分词(如The bridge had been built before we arrived. 我们到达之前,桥已经被建好了);
- 一般将来时被动语态:will be+过去分词/be going to be+过去分词(如The project will be completed next month. 这个项目将于下个月完成);
- 现在进行时被动语态:am/is/are being+过去分词(如The house is being built now. 这栋房子现在正在被建造)。
2. 易错点:① 不及物动词(如happen、occur、appear、disappear等)没有被动语态(如The accident happened yesterday. 事故昨天发生了,不能说The accident was happened yesterday);② 主动形式表被动含义:某些动词(如sell、wash、write、read等),当主语是物且表“某物具有某种性质”时,用主动形式表被动(如The book sells well. 这本书卖得好,不用is sold well);③ 被动语态的否定形式:在be动词后加not(如The work has not been finished. 工作还没有被完成)。
五、冠词、介词、代词(基础考点,易失分)
1. 冠词:分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。
- 不定冠词a/an:修饰可数名词单数,表“一个”;a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前(如a book、an apple);常见搭配:have a good time、take an interest in等。
- 定冠词the:修饰名词,表“特指”(双方都知道的人或物、上文提到过的人或物、序数词/最高级前、独一无二的事物前等)(如the sun、the first day、the book I bought yesterday)。
- 零冠词:不可数名词、复数名词表泛指时,学科、语言、三餐、球类运动前,节日(除有限定词外)前不用冠词(如math、Chinese、breakfast、play basketball、Spring Festival);表示职位、头衔的名词作表语或同位语时,不用冠词(如He was elected president of the company. 他被选为公司总裁)。
2. 介词:介词是连接名词、代词或短语与句子其他成分的词,表时间、地点、方式、原因、所属等关系,语法填空中常考固定搭配和介词的基本用法,需牢记高频介词及搭配。
- 高频介词及用法:
① 表时间:in(接年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上,如in 2024、in July、in spring、in the morning);on(接具体日期、星期、具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,如on June 1st、on Monday、on the evening of May 10th);at(接具体时刻、节日,如at 8 o’clock、at Christmas);before(在……之前)、after(在……之后)、during(在……期间)、for(接时间段,表“持续……”)、since(接时间点,表“自从……”)。
② 表地点:in(接大地点,如in China、in Beijing);on(接平面、街道,如on the table、on Main Street);at(接小地点,如at the airport、at school);under(在……下面)、above(在……上方,不垂直)、over(在……正上方)、between(在两者之间)、among(在三者及以上之间)、beside(在……旁边)。
③ 表方式、手段:by(接交通工具、方式,如by bus、by working hard);with(接工具、材料,如with a pen、with wood);in(接语言、材料,如in English、in paper);through(通过……方式,如through practice)。
④ 表所属:of(……的,如the door of the room);with(表“带有”,如a girl with long hair);for(表“为了”,如a gift for you)。
- 高频固定搭配:be good at(擅长)、be interested in(对……感兴趣)、take care of(照顾)、instead of(代替)、because of(因为)、by means of(通过……手段)、in terms of(就……而言)、on behalf of(代表)。
3. 代词:代词是用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词,语法填空中常考人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等,核心是“根据语境选择合适的代词,注意人称、数、格的一致”。
- 高频代词及用法:
① 人称代词:主格(I、you、he、she、it、we、they),作主语;宾格(me、you、him、her、it、us、them),作宾语、表语。
② 物主代词:形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、its、our、their),后接名词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词(mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、theirs),可单独使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”(如This book is mine. = This book is my book.)。
③ 反身代词(myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves),常作宾语、表语或同位语,强调“自身”,常见搭配:by oneself(独自)、help oneself to(随便吃/用)、hurt oneself(伤害自己)。
④ 指示代词(this、that、these、those):this/these(近指,“这个/这些”);that/those(远指,“那个/那些”);that可指代前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词,避免重复(如The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海的冷)。
⑤ 不定代词(some、any、many、much、few、little、each、every、all、both、either、neither、none等):some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句;many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词;few/little表“几乎没有”(否定),a few/a little表“有一些”(肯定);each修饰两者及以上,强调个体,every修饰三者及以上,强调整体;both(两者都)、either(两者中的任何一个)、neither(两者都不)、none(三者及以上都不)。
⑥ 易错点:① 物主代词的区分(形容词性vs名词性);② 反身代词的正确搭配;③ 不定代词的用法辨析(如few vs little、either vs neither);④ 指示代词that的指代用法,避免重复。
六、情态动词(基础考点,侧重语气和用法辨析)
情态动词是表示说话人语气、态度(如能力、许可、义务、推测、建议等)的动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,语法填空中常考情态动词的基本用法和辨析。
1. 高频情态动词及核心用法:
① can/could:can表“能、会、可以”(现在能力、许可);could表“能、会”(过去能力、委婉请求、推测,语气比can弱);could have done表“本可以做某事但没做”(虚拟语气)。
② may/might:may表“可以、可能”(许可、推测,语气较委婉);might表“可能、或许”(推测,语气比may更弱);may not表“不可以、可能不”,might have done表“可能做过某事”(对过去的推测)。
③ must:表“必须、一定”(义务、强制、肯定推测,语气最强);mustn’t表“禁止、不允许”;must have done表“一定做过某事”(对过去的肯定推测);注意:must表“必须”时,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to(“不必”),不能用mustn’t。
④ should/ought to:表“应该”(建议、义务),ought to后接to+动词原形;should have done表“本应该做某事但没做”(虚拟语气,带有责备意味)。
⑤ need:可作情态动词(表“需要”,多用于否定句、疑问句,后接动词原形,否定式为needn’t),也可作实义动词(表“需要”,后接to do或doing,如need to do sth、need doing sth(主动表被动))。
⑥ will/would:will表“将要、会”(一般将来时,表意愿、承诺);would表“会、愿意”(过去将来时、委婉请求,语气比will弱);would have done表“本会做某事但没做”(虚拟语气)。
2. 易错点:① 情态动词表推测的语气强弱(must > may > might);② 情态动词+have done的用法(对过去的推测或虚拟);③ need作情态动词与实义动词的区别;④ must的否定回答(needn’t/don’t have to)。
七、特殊句式(高频易错考点)
语法填空中常考的特殊句式包括倒装句、强调句、省略句,重点掌握基本结构和用法,避免混淆。
1. 倒装句(分为完全倒装和部分倒装):
① 完全倒装(谓语动词+主语):条件:地点状语(in/on/under/by...)或时间状语位于句首,主语是名词(非代词),谓语动词是be动词、lie、stand、come、go等不及物动词;例句:In the distance stands a tall building. 远处矗立着一座高楼;Here comes the bus. 公交车来了(主语是代词时不倒装:Here it comes.)。
② 部分倒装(助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词):常见情况:
- 否定副词(never、hardly、scarcely、seldom、little、nowhere、not、no等)位于句首;例句:Never have I seen such a beautiful place. 我从未见过如此美丽的地方。
- only+状语(介词短语、副词、状语从句)位于句首;例句:Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。
- so/such...that...结构中,so/such位于句首,主句用部分倒装;例句:So difficult is the problem that no one can solve it. 这个问题如此难,以至于没人能解决。
2. 强调句(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分):
- 被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语(时间、地点、原因等);强调人时,可用who或that;强调其他成分时,只能用that;例句:It was yesterday that I met him. 我是昨天遇见他的(强调时间状语yesterday);It is he who/that helped me. 是他帮助了我(强调主语he)。
- 易错点:强调句的判断方法——去掉It is/was和that/who,句子仍完整(语序调整后);若强调时间、地点状语,不能用when/where,只能用that。
3. 省略句:为了简洁,省略句子中重复的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、状语等),常见于状语从句、对话中;例句:When (he was) asked about his dream, he smiled. 当被问及他的梦想时,他笑了(省略主语和be动词);A: Do you like coffee? B: Yes, I do. (省略like coffee)。
- 易错点:状语从句中省略的条件——主句和从句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词,可省略主语和be动词;若主语不一致,不能省略。
八、语法填空解题技巧(实战必备)
结合以上考点,总结语法填空的解题步骤,帮助快速定位考点、精准答题,避免失分:
1. 通读全文,把握主旨:快速浏览文章,了解文章大意、时态(全文基本时态)、逻辑关系(转折、因果、并列等),为答题奠定基础。
2. 分析句子成分,判断考点:针对每个空格,分析句子结构(主谓宾、定状补),判断空格处所需词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)或语法结构(非谓语、从句、时态语态等)。
3. 结合考点,确定答案:
- 若空格后是动词,且空格处不是谓语,考虑非谓语动词(doing/done/to do),判断逻辑主语与动词的关系(主动/被动)和动作状态(进行/完成)。
- 若空格前后是两个句子,且无连词,考虑复合句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句),找先行词或判断从句类型,选择合适的引导词。
- 若空格处是修饰动词、形容词、副词,考虑副词;若修饰名词,考虑形容词;若位于介词后、冠词后,考虑名词,结合词性转换规则答题。
- 若空格处是谓语动词,考虑时态和语态,结合时间状语、逻辑关系判断时态,结合主语与动词的关系判断语态。
- 若空格处是冠词、介词、代词,结合上下文和固定搭配答题,注意冠词的泛指/特指、介词的固定用法、代词的人称和数。
4. 检查核对,避免失误:答题完成后,通读全文,检查语法是否正确(时态、语态、主谓一致等)、词性是否匹配、固定搭配是否正确、上下文是否连贯,修正错误。
九、易错点汇总(重点规避)
1. 非谓语动词:混淆现在分词(主动、进行)与过去分词(被动、完成)的用法;不定式作目的状语与结果状语的区别;独立主格结构的构成。
2. 复合句:定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的误用;宾语从句中语序错误(疑问句语序误用作陈述语序);if与whether的用法混淆;条件状语从句中“主将从现”原则的误用。
3. 词性转换:混淆同源词的含义和用法(如produce、product、production、productive);形容词变副词的规则记错(如以y结尾的词变y为i加ly);名词的单复数、形容词/副词的比较级/最高级遗漏。
4. 时态语态:现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别;过去完成时“过去的过去”的判断;不及物动词误用被动语态;主动形式表被动含义的情况遗漏。
5. 冠词、介词、代词:不定冠词a/an的用法(元音音素vs辅音音素);定冠词the的特指用法遗漏;介词固定搭配记错;形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用。
6. 特殊句式:倒装句的倒装条件记错;强调句中that/who的误用;省略句的省略条件混淆。
总结:语法填空的核心是“掌握高频考点、分析句子成分、结合语境答题”,平时练习中需重点关注易错点,多积累固定搭配和长难句结构,通过“练习+总结”提升解题能力,确保在考试中精准得分。
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语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破
第一组 语法填空(16题)
1. After French rider Valentin Debise crossed the finish line ______ (secure) back-to-back victories at the Portuguese round of the 2026 FIM Supersport World Championship, Chinese motorcycle entrepreneur Zhang Xue could barely contain his emotion.
2. It was only the second round of the season, yet ZXMoto, a newly ______ (establish) Chinese manufacturer, had already claimed its first-ever race wins.
3. In 2006, he rode more than 100 kilometers in the pouring rain for a chance to appear on television ______ showcase his riding skills.
4. ______ failure at first, his persistence paid off, eventually earning him ______ opportunity with a professional racing team.
5. Between 2009 and 2012, he worked at a motorcycle factory in Zhejiang, getting a good ______ (master) of the full vehicle development process.
6. In 2013, he moved to Chongqing, a major hub of China's motorcycle industry, ______ he began his own journey of motorcycle manufacturing.
7. Looking ahead, Zhang said he aims to capture over half of the market share ______ (current) held by international big brands within five years.
8. For many Chinese motorcyclists, ZXMoto ______ (transform) from a role of a conventional manufacturer into a symbol of pride, ______ (reshape) the domestic motorcycle landscape in ways no one anticipated.
9. In a remote valley in southern Guizhou province ______ (lie) Huanggang, an 800-year-old village where the Dong ethnic people continue to practise a traditional farming lifestyle.
10. This traditional rice-fish-duck farming system has been practised for centuries, enabling the Dong people to live in harmony with the land while maintaining a food system that’s both ______ (produce) and sustainable.
11. Huanggang has five drum towers, each ______ (represent) a family and ______ (serve) as a place to signal major events or emergencies.
12. Inside one of the village’s drum towers, Dong women gather to sing the grand songs, ______ choral tradition is central to their culture.
13. They still perform songs ______ (inspire) by 800-year-old stories on friendship, nature and love, which nourish their souls as rice nourishes their bodies.
14. The value of imports and exports of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region increased from 156.91 billion yuan in 2021 to 434.16 billion yuan in 2024, marking an average annual growth rate of 40 percent, as ______ (report) by the region’s department of commerce.
15. Since ______ (it) launch in November 2023, the China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone has helped establish more than 17,000 enterprises, which promotes the region’s commercial economy.
16. Xinjiang, ______ (seek) new partners in the markets of ASEAN, the Middle East, and Africa, is embracing broader development prospects with its cross-border e-commerce warehouses.
第一组 答案及详细核心知识点
答案(按题目顺序)
1. securely 2. established 3. to 4. Despite; an 5. mastery 6. where 7. currently 8. has transformed; reshaping 9. lies 10. productive 11. representing; serving 12. whose 13. inspired 14. reported 15. its 16. seeking
详细核心知识点(结合考点,形成知识网络,方便背诵记忆)
1. 考点:副词修饰动词 核心:secure(形容词,“安全的;稳固的”)→ securely(副词,“稳固地;成功地”),此处修饰谓语动词crossed,说明“冲过终点线”的状态。拓展:形容词变副词的规则——一般在词尾加ly,以e结尾的直接加ly(如nice→nicely),以y结尾的变y为i加ly(如happy→happily)。
2. 考点:过去分词作定语 核心:establish(动词,“建立”)→ established(过去分词,“已建立的”),此处作定语修饰manufacturer,表“被动、完成”,即“新成立的中国制造商”。拓展:过去分词作定语,可位于名词前(如an established company)或名词后(如a company established in 2020),常表被动或完成;现在分词作定语表主动、进行。
3. 考点:不定式作目的状语 核心:to+动词原形(showcase),此处表示“骑100多公里”的目的——“为了展示骑行技巧”。拓展:不定式作目的状语可位于句末,也可位于句首(To showcase his skills, he rode...),其否定形式为not to do;注意区分不定式作目的状语与介词for+名词(for a chance to do sth)。
4. 考点:介词despite的用法+不定冠词an 核心①:despite(介词,“尽管”),后接名词、代词或动名词,此处接failure(名词),相当于though/although(连词,后接句子);② opportunity(可数名词,“机会”),发音以元音音素开头,故用an修饰。拓展:despite与in spite of用法完全一致,后均接名词性成分;an用于元音音素开头的可数名词单数前,a用于辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前(如a chance)。
5. 考点:词性转换(动词→名词) 核心:master(动词,“掌握”)→ mastery(名词,“掌握;精通”),固定搭配get a good mastery of sth(“精通某事”)。拓展:类似转换:achieve(动词)→ achievement(名词),develop(动词)→ development(名词),动词变名词常加ment、y、ery等后缀。
6. 考点:非限制性定语从句(关系副词where) 核心:先行词是Chongqing(地点名词),定语从句中不缺主语、宾语,缺地点状语,故用where引导,相当于in which(in Chongqing)。拓展:定语从句中,关系副词where修饰地点名词,when修饰时间名词,why修饰reason,三者均可转化为“介词+which”(如when=in/on which);非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开,不能用that引导。
7. 考点:副词修饰过去分词 核心:current(形容词,“当前的”)→ currently(副词,“当前;目前”),此处修饰过去分词held,说明“市场份额”是“目前被国际大品牌占据的”。拓展:副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词/现在分词,此处属于修饰过去分词,表“动作发生的时间/状态”(如currently held“目前被占据的”)。
8. 考点:现在完成时+现在分词作伴随状语 核心①:transform(动词,“转变”),根据时间状语for many Chinese motorcyclists(“对许多中国摩托车爱好者来说”),可知动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时has transformed;② reshaping是现在分词,作伴随状语,表“ZXMoto转变”的同时,“重塑了国内摩托车格局”,逻辑主语是ZXMoto,与reshaping是主动关系。拓展:现在完成时结构:have/has+过去分词,常与for、since、so far、up to now等时间状语连用;现在分词作伴随状语,表主动、同时发生,位于句末,用逗号隔开。
9. 考点:倒装句(完全倒装) 核心:地点状语In a remote valley...位于句首,句子用完全倒装,即“谓语动词+主语”,主语是Huanggang(单数),结合时态(一般现在时),故用lies。拓展:完全倒装的条件——地点状语(in/on/under/by...)或时间状语位于句首,主语是名词(非代词),谓语动词是be动词、lie、stand、come、go等不及物动词;若主语是代词,不倒装(如Here it is)。
10. 考点:词性转换(动词→形容词) 核心:produce(动词,“生产”)→ productive(形容词,“多产的;高产的”),此处与sustainable(“可持续的”)并列,作定语修饰food system,表“高产且可持续的食物体系”。拓展:produce的派生词:product(名词,“产品”)、production(名词,“生产”)、productive(形容词,“高产的”)、productivity(名词,“生产力”),注意区分词性及用法。
11. 考点:独立主格结构(现在分词) 核心:each(指代each drum tower)与represent、serve是主动关系,故用现在分词representing和serving,构成独立主格结构(each+现在分词),补充说明“五座鼓楼”的作用。拓展:独立主格结构的构成:名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语,在句中作状语,表伴随、原因、条件等,与主句之间用逗号隔开;此处并列两个现在分词,表“既代表一个家族,又作为发出信号的地方”。
12. 考点:非限制性定语从句(关系代词whose) 核心:先行词是the grand songs,定语从句中choral tradition与the grand songs是“所属关系”(“这些宏伟歌曲的合唱传统”),故用whose引导,相当于the choral tradition of which。拓展:whose可修饰人或物,表“……的”,在定语从句中作定语;非限制性定语从句中,whose不能省略,且不能用that替换。
13. 考点:过去分词作后置定语 核心:inspire(动词,“启发;激励”)→ inspired(过去分词,“受启发的;由……启发的”),此处作后置定语修饰songs,表“被800年历史的故事启发的歌曲”,songs与inspire是被动关系(歌曲被启发)。拓展:过去分词作后置定语,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句(songs that are inspired by...),常表被动、完成;现在分词作后置定语表主动、进行。
14. 考点:as引导的非限制性定语从句(省略结构) 核心:as reported by...(“正如……所报道的”),此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,省略了it is(as it is reported by...),as指代前面整个句子的内容。拓展:as引导非限制性定语从句,可位于句首、句中、句末,常译为“正如;就像”,常见搭配:as we know、as is reported、as is shown等;which也可指代整个句子,但只能位于句末,不能位于句首。
15. 考点:形容词性物主代词 核心:it(人称代词,“它”)→ its(形容词性物主代词,“它的”),此处修饰名词launch(“启动”),表“它的启动”(指代中国(新疆)自由贸易试验区的启动)。拓展:形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、its、our、their)后必须接名词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词(mine、yours等)可单独使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
16. 考点:现在分词作后置定语 核心:seek(动词,“寻找”)→ seeking(现在分词,“寻找的”),此处作后置定语修饰Xinjiang,表“正在寻找新合作伙伴的新疆”,Xinjiang与seek是主动关系(新疆主动寻找)。拓展:现在分词作后置定语,相当于一个主动语态的定语从句(Xinjiang which is seeking...),常表主动、进行;注意区分现在分词(主动)与过去分词(被动)作后置定语的用法。
第一组 举一反三题目
1. When the famous singer walked onto the stage, she smiled ______ (warm) and waved to her fans.
2. This is a newly ______ (build) library, which has collected more than 100,000 books since it opened.
3. He stayed up late last night ______ finish his homework on time.
______ the heavy rain, we still went to the concert and got ______ unforgettable experience.
4. Through years of hard work, she finally got a good ______ (command) of English and became an interpreter.
5. I went back to my hometown, ______ I spent my happy childhood with my grandparents.
6. The project ______ (current) being carried out will help improve people’s living conditions in the rural areas.
7. Over the past ten years, our city ______ (change) greatly, ______ (attract) thousands of tourists every year.
8. On the top of the mountain ______ (stand) an old temple that has a history of over 500 years.
9. This new farming method is more ______ (efficiency) than the traditional one, helping farmers get more harvest.
10. There are three big trees in the yard, each ______ (provide) shade for the children to play under.
11. She showed me a photo album, ______ pages were filled with memories of her college life.
12. The film ______ (base) on a true story moved many people to tears when it was shown in the cinema.
13. The number of people using smartphones has increased rapidly, as ______ (mention) in the recent report.
14. The company announced that ______ (it) new product would be launched next month.
15. The young man ______ (pursue) his dream of becoming a doctor never gives up even when he meets difficulties.
16. As a teacher, she always tries her best to help students who have difficulty in learning, ______ (devote) all her time and energy to education.
第一组 举一反三答案(按题目顺序)
1. warmly 2. built 3. to; Despite; an 4. command 5. where 6. currently 7. has changed; attracting 8. stands 9. efficient 10. providing 11. whose 12. based 13. mentioned 14. its 15. pursuing 16. devoting
第二组 语法填空(16题)
说明:以下题目均改编自原文长难句,侧重复合句、并列复合句,涵盖非谓语动词、情态动词、定语从句、名词性从句、介词、词性转换、时态语态等高频考点,下划线处为需填空内容。
1. Prior to landing at Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport, I knew nothing about Guizhou province, though a detailed guide ______ (provide) to me in advance.
2. I was on vacation and, ______ (honest), I liked surprises because there was a certain virtue in going into a place blind.
3. As the train sped toward Tongren, I stared out the window in wonder at the vast mountains ______ (cover) in endless green forests.
4. Pristine, teal-blue rivers cut through deep valleys, and clusters of homes nestled quietly between rising peaks, ______ made me feel like I had passed through a wormhole into a fairy-tale land.
5. I later learned that Guizhou is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Libo Karst, ______ is famous for its unique landforms.
6. The province also boasts the Shuanghe Cave system, the ______ (long) dolomite cave system in the world.
7. But ______ (sit) on that train, I only had one thought: “This place is 92 percent mountains,” I texted a friend in the United States.
8. Sometimes, the best trips are the ones you don’t plan too much, and that first glimpse of Guizhou’s wild ______ (beautiful) stayed with me long after the train pulled into the station.
9. It proved in just one ride that ______ you let go of the itinerary, the landscape itself will speak to you.
10. Recently, tensions between the US and Iran have risen sharply, ______ (cause) wide concern across the world and affecting the regional peace and ______ (stable) greatly.
11. The US ______ (implement) strict sanctions and military pressures on Iran for years, but Iran has shown firm determination to fight back.
12. It refuses to give ______ to any unfair pressure and sticks to protecting its own national sovereignty, which is the core interest of every country.
13. Faced with foreign threats, the whole nation remains ______ (unite) and brave, and many Iranian people are willing to defend their motherland at all costs.
14. The international community calls on both sides ______ (calm) down and solve problems through peaceful talks instead of conflicts.
15. As long as the two sides put peace first and respect each other’s core interests, the tense situation ______ (improve) sooner or later.
16. China will establish a multi-level artificial intelligence (AI) education system ______ (cover) primary, junior high and senior high schools to guide students from foundational cognitive awareness to ______ (practice) technological innovation.
第二组 答案及详细核心知识点
答案(按题目顺序)
1. had been provided 2. honestly 3. covered 4. which 5. which 6. longest 7. sitting 8. beauty 9. if 10. causing; stability 11. has been implementing 12. in 13. united 14. to calm 15. will improve 16. covering; practical
详细核心知识点(结合考点,构建知识网络,强化记忆与应用)
1. 考点:过去完成时的被动语态 核心:provide(动词,“提供”),主语a detailed guide与provide是被动关系(指南被提供);结合时间状语prior to landing(“在着陆之前”),“提供指南”发生在“我知道贵州”之前,是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时的被动语态had been provided。拓展:过去完成时的被动语态结构:had been+过去分词,用于表示“过去某一动作之前已经被完成的动作”;被动语态的核心是“主语承受动作”,需判断主语与动词的关系(主动/被动)。
2. 考点:词性转换(形容词→副词) 核心:honest(形容词,“诚实的;老实说”)→ honestly(副词,“老实说;说实话”),此处作插入语,修饰整个句子,相当于to be honest。拓展:常见的插入语副词:honestly、fortunately、unluckily、generally等,多位于句首或句中,用逗号与主句隔开;形容词变副词的规则需牢记(如前所述)。
3. 考点:过去分词作后置定语 核心:cover(动词,“覆盖”)→ covered(过去分词,“被覆盖的”),此处作后置定语修饰mountains,表“被无尽的绿色森林覆盖的山脉”,mountains与cover是被动关系(山脉被覆盖)。拓展:过去分词作后置定语,可还原为定语从句(mountains that are covered in...);注意区分be covered in/with(“被……覆盖”)的固定搭配。
4. 考点:非限制性定语从句(关系代词which) 核心:先行词是前面整个句子(“清澈的河流穿过深谷,成群的房屋静卧在山峰之间”这件事),定语从句中缺主语,故用which引导,指代前面的整个句子,译为“这一点;这件事”。拓展:which引导非限制性定语从句,可指代前面的单词、短语或整个句子,只能位于句末,不能用that替换;as也可指代整个句子,但可位于句首、句中、句末。
5. 考点:宾语从句+非限制性定语从句 核心①:that引导宾语从句,作learned的宾语,从句中不缺成分,that可省略(此处保留更清晰);② which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Libo Karst(名词),定语从句中缺主语,故用which引导,补充说明“荔波喀斯特以其独特的地貌而闻名”。拓展:宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,作动词、介词或形容词的宾语,从句需用陈述语序;非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开,起补充说明作用。
6. 考点:形容词最高级 核心:long(形容词,“长的”)→ longest(最高级,“最长的”),此处有范围in the world(“在世界上”),表示“世界上最长的白云岩洞穴系统”,故用最高级。拓展:形容词最高级的构成:单音节词和部分双音节词加est(如long→longest),多音节词和部分双音节词前加most(如beautiful→most beautiful);最高级前通常加the,后面常接表示范围的介词短语(in/of...)。
7. 考点:现在分词作伴随状语 核心:sit(动词,“坐”)→ sitting(现在分词),此处作伴随状语,表“我坐在火车上的时候”,逻辑主语是I,与sitting是主动关系(我主动坐),相当于while I was sitting。拓展:现在分词作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语等,逻辑主语与主句主语一致,且与动词是主动关系;若为被动关系,用过去分词。
8. 考点:词性转换(形容词→名词) 核心:beautiful(形容词,“美丽的”)→ beauty(名词,“美丽;美景”),此处作介词of的宾语,表“贵州的野生美景”。拓展:类似转换:happy(形容词)→ happiness(名词),sad(形容词)→ sadness(名词),形容词变名词常加y、ness等后缀;注意beauty是不可数名词,表“美丽”,也可作可数名词(“美人;美景”),此处为不可数。
9. 考点:宾语从句+条件状语从句 核心①:it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的宾语从句(作proved的宾语);② 宾语从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句,“如果你放下行程,风景本身就会与你对话”,if表“如果”,引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时)。拓展:形式主语it的常见结构:it is + adj./n. + that从句;条件状语从句的引导词有if、as long as、unless等,均遵循“主将从现”原则。
10. 考点:现在分词作结果状语+词性转换 核心①:cause(动词,“引起”)→ causing(现在分词),此处作结果状语,表“紧张局势加剧”带来的自然结果(“引起世界广泛关注”),逻辑主语是tensions,与causing是主动关系;② stable(形容词,“稳定的”)→ stability(名词,“稳定”),此处与peace(名词)并列,作affecting的宾语。拓展:现在分词作结果状语,表“自然的、顺理成章的结果”,位于句末,用逗号隔开;不定式作结果状语,表“意外的、出乎意料的结果”(如He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.);形容词变名词(stable→stability),属于“形容词+ity”后缀的转换(如possible→possibility)。
11. 考点:现在完成进行时 核心:implement(动词,“实施;执行”),根据时间状语for years(“多年来”),可知动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且可能还在继续,故用现在完成进行时has been implementing。拓展:现在完成进行时结构:have/has been+现在分词,常与for、since等时间状语连用,强调“动作的持续性”;区别于现在完成时(强调“动作的结果或完成”),如:He has implemented the policy for years.(现在完成时,强调“实施了多年”的结果);He has been implementing the policy for years.(现在完成进行时,强调“多年来一直在实施”的动作持续)。
12. 考点:固定搭配 核心:give in to sth(“屈服于某事;向某事让步”),此处表“伊朗拒绝向任何不公平的压力屈服”。拓展:常见的give相关固定搭配:give up(放弃)、give away(赠送;泄露)、give off(发出气味/光/热)、give out(分发;耗尽),需牢记搭配及含义,避免混淆。
13. 考点:词性转换(动词→形容词) 核心:unite(动词,“团结”)→ united(形容词,“团结的”),此处作系动词remains的表语,表“整个国家保持团结”。拓展:unite的派生词:united(形容词,“团结的”)、union(名词,“联盟;团结”)、unity(名词,“团结”);系动词(be、remain、become、look、sound等)后常接形容词作表语。
14. 考点:不定式作宾语补足语 核心:call on sb to do sth(“呼吁某人做某事”),此处to calm是宾语补足语,补充说明“呼吁双方做什么”(“冷静下来”)。拓展:常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词/短语:ask sb to do sth、tell sb to do sth、encourage sb to do sth、call on sb to do sth、urge sb to do sth,注意“to do”不能省略;若为使役动词(make、let、have)或感官动词(see、hear、watch等),后接省略to的不定式(如make sb do sth)。
15. 考点:条件状语从句的时态 核心:as long as(“只要”)引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时(put、respect),主句用一般将来时(will improve),表“只要双方把和平放在首位,紧张局势迟早会改善”。拓展:“主将从现”原则的适用场景:if、as long as、unless、when、while等引导的条件状语从句、时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来;也可主句用情态动词(can、may、must等),从句用一般现在时(如As long as you work hard, you can pass the exam.)。
16. 考点:现在分词作定语+词性转换 核心①:cover(动词,“涵盖”)→ covering(现在分词),此处作后置定语修饰system,表“涵盖小学、初中和高中的多层次人工智能教育体系”,system与cover是主动关系(体系涵盖);② practice(动词/名词,“练习;实践”)→ practical(形容词,“实际的;实用的”),此处修饰technological innovation(“技术创新”),表“实用的技术创新”。拓展:现在分词作后置定语,相当于主动语态的定语从句(a system that covers...);practice作动词时,常见搭配practice doing sth(“练习做某事”);作名词时,常见搭配in practice(“在实践中”);practical是形容词,反义词是impractical(“不切实际的”)。
第二组 举一反三题目
1. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane ______ (take) off, so we had to change our tickets.
2. He is a hard-working student and, ______ (fortune), he passed the final exam with high marks.
3. The old man walked slowly along the street, followed by his dog ______ (tie) to a rope.
4. She spent hours preparing for the speech, and she delivered it perfectly, ______ won her a lot of applause.
5. We all believe that the city ______ we live will become more and more beautiful in the future.
6. This is one of the ______ (important) events in our school’s history, which will be remembered forever.
7. ______ (walk) along the riverbank, I saw many people fishing and chatting happily.
8. The ______ (bright) of the sun shines through the window, warming the whole room.
9. It is well known that ______ you keep exercising every day, you will keep healthy.
10. The heavy snow lasted for three days, ______ (block) the roads and affecting the traffic greatly.
11. My father ______ (work) in the same company for 20 years, and he still loves his job.
12. Never give ______ to difficulties, and you will achieve your dreams in the end.
13. Under the leadership of the leader, the team became more ______ (cooperate) and achieved great success.
14. The teacher encouraged all the students ______ (try) their best to solve the problem by themselves.
15. Unless you finish your homework on time, you ______ (not allow) to watch TV tonight.
16. We need to set up a training system ______ (include) all employees to improve their professional skills and promote ______ (operate) efficiency.
第二组 举一反三答案(按题目顺序)
1. had taken 2. fortunately 3. tied 4. which 5. where 6. most important 7. Walking 8. brightness 9. if 10. blocking 11. has been working 12. in 13. cooperative 14. to try 15. won’t be allowed 16. including; operational
语法知识点系统总结(详细全面,方便背诵记忆,构建知识网络)
一、非谓语动词(高频考点,重中之重)
非谓语动词是语法填空的核心考点,分为现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)、不定式(to do),无人称和数的变化,不能作谓语,可作定语、状语、宾语补足语等,关键判断“逻辑主语与动词的关系”(主动/被动)和“动作的状态”(进行/完成)。
1. 现在分词(doing):
① 逻辑主语与动词是主动关系;② 动作处于进行中或表主动状态;③ 用法:
- 作定语:修饰名词,表主动、进行(如a boy running on the playground 一个正在操场上跑步的男孩);可位于名词前或后,后置定语可还原为主动语态的定语从句。
- 作状语:表时间、伴随、原因、结果等,逻辑主语与主句主语一致(如Sitting by the window, she read a book. 坐在窗边,她读了一本书);作结果状语时,表自然、顺理成章的结果。
- 作宾语补足语:用于感官动词(see、hear、watch等)或使役动词后,表主动、进行(如I saw him playing basketball. 我看见他正在打篮球)。
2. 过去分词(done):
① 逻辑主语与动词是被动关系;② 动作处于完成状态或表被动;③ 用法:
- 作定语:修饰名词,表被动、完成(如a book written by Lu Xun 一本鲁迅写的书);可位于名词前或后,后置定语可还原为被动语态的定语从句。
- 作状语:表时间、伴随、原因、条件等,逻辑主语与主句主语一致(如Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful. 从山顶看,这座城市很美);常与be done+介词短语搭配(如be covered in/with、be based on)。
- 作宾语补足语:用于感官动词或使役动词后,表被动、完成(如I heard the song sung by her. 我听到她唱了这首歌)。
3. 不定式(to do):
① 表目的、结果、将来的动作;② 用法:
- 作目的状语:位于句末或句首,表“为了……”(如He went to the library to borrow books. 他去图书馆借书);否定形式为not to do。
- 作宾语补足语:用于ask、tell、encourage、call on等动词后,表“让/呼吁某人做某事”(如She asked me to help her. 她让我帮她);使役动词(make、let、have)和感官动词后,不定式省略to(如Let him go. 让他走)。
- 作宾语:用于want、hope、decide、plan等动词后(如I want to go home. 我想回家);部分动词后接doing和to do含义不同(如remember to do sth 记得要做某事;remember doing sth 记得做过某事)。
- 作结果状语:表意外、出乎意料的结果,常与only连用(如He rushed there, only to find nobody. 他冲到那里,却发现没人)。
二、复合句(高频考点,包含定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)
复合句是长难句的核心,由主句和从句构成,从句需用引导词连接,且用陈述语序。
(一)定语从句(修饰名词或代词,分为限制性和非限制性)
1. 引导词分类:
- 关系代词:who(修饰人,作主语/宾语)、whom(修饰人,作宾语)、which(修饰物/整个句子,作主语/宾语)、that(修饰人/物,作主语/宾语,不能用于非限制性定语从句)、whose(修饰人/物,作定语,表“……的”)。
- 关系副词:where(修饰地点名词,作地点状语,相当于in/on/at which)、when(修饰时间名词,作时间状语,相当于in/on/at which)、why(修饰reason,作原因状语,相当于for which)。
2. 关键判断:① 先找先行词(被修饰的名词/代词/整个句子);② 判断定语从句中缺什么成分(缺主语/宾语用关系代词,缺状语用关系副词);③ 区分限制性(无逗号,不可省略)和非限制性(有逗号,补充说明,不可用that)。
3. 易错点:① whose可修饰物(如the house whose windows are open 窗户开着的房子);② which可指代前面整个句子(如He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. 他通过了考试,这让他的父母很高兴);③ 介词+which/whom(如the person with whom I worked 我一起工作的人)。
(二)名词性从句(作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,统称名词性从句)
1. 宾语从句(最常用):
- 引导词:that(无含义,不作成分,可省略)、if/whether(表“是否”,不作成分)、what/which/who/whom/whose/how/why等(有含义,作成分)。
- 注意:① 从句用陈述语序(如I don’t know where he went. 我不知道他去了哪里,不能说where did he go);② if和whether的区别:whether可用于句首、介词后、与or not连用,if不可(如I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他是否会来)。
2. 主语从句:
- 引导词:that、what、whether、how等;常常用形式主语it代替,避免句子头重脚轻(如It is important that we study hard. 我们努力学习很重要,真正的主语是that从句)。
3. 表语从句:
- 引导词:that、what、whether、how等,位于系动词(be、remain、become等)后(如My dream is that I can become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生)。
(三)状语从句(修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表时间、条件、让步、原因、结果等)
1. 条件状语从句:引导词if、as long as、unless(“除非”),遵循“主将从现”原则(主句用将来时/情态动词,从句用一般现在时)(如If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里)。
2. 让步状语从句:引导词though/although(“尽管”,不能与but连用)、despite/in spite of(“尽管”,后接名词性成分)、even if/even though(“即使”)(如Though he is young, he knows a lot. 尽管他很小,但他知道很多)。
3. 时间状语从句:引导词when、while、as、before、after、until、by the time等;by the time引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时(如By the time he arrived, the meeting had begun. 他到达时,会议已经开始了)。
4. 结果状语从句:引导词so...that...(“如此……以至于……”)、such...that...(“如此……以至于……”);so后接形容词/副词,such后接名词短语(如He is so tall that he can reach the top. 他很高,能碰到顶部)。
三、词性转换(高频基础考点,贯穿所有题目)
词性转换的核心是“根据句子成分判断所需词性”,结合词根词缀进行转换,常见转换类型如下,需牢记常见词根词缀:
1. 动词→名词:
- 加ment:develop→development、achieve→achievement、implement→implementation
- 加y:discover→discovery、recover→recovery、honest→honesty
- 加ness:happy→happiness、sad→sadness、kind→kindness
- 加ion:act→action、decide→decision、attract→attraction
- 其他:master→mastery、unite→union、practice→practice(本身可作名词)
2. 名词→形容词:
- 加ful:care→careful、help→helpful、beauty→beautiful
- 加less:care→careless、home→homeless、use→useless
- 加y:rain→rainy、sun→sunny、health→healthy
- 加able:comfort→comfortable、love→lovable、reason→reasonable
- 其他:stability→stable、cooperate→cooperative、practice→practical
3. 形容词→副词:
- 一般加ly:warm→warmly、honest→honestly、quick→quickly
- 以e结尾加ly:nice→nicely、polite→politely、wide→widely
- 以y结尾变y为i加ly:happy→happily、easy→easily、busy→busily
- 特殊变化:good→well、hard→hard(副词,“努力地”)、late→late(副词,“晚”)
4. 易错点:① 区分同源词的含义(如produce→product→production→productive,含义不同,用法不同);② 注意词性转换后的单复数(名词)、比较级/最高级(形容词/副词)。
四、时态和语态(基础考点,易错点多)
(一)时态:重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时。
1. 现在完成时(have/has+过去分词):
- 标志词:for+时间段、since+时间点/从句、so far、up to now、in the past few years、already、yet、ever、never等。
- 含义:① 动作从过去开始,持续到现在(如I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这里住了10年了);② 动作过去发生,对现在有影响(如He has finished his homework, so he can watch TV. 他已经做完作业了,所以可以看电视)。
2. 现在完成进行时(have/has been+现在分词):
- 标志词:for+时间段、since+时间点/从句。
- 含义:动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且可能还在继续,强调“动作的持续性”(如He has been working for 8 hours. 他已经工作了8小时了,还在继续)。
3. 过去完成时(had+过去分词):
- 标志词:by the time、before、after、until等,强调“过去的过去”(动作发生在另一个过去动作之前)(如By the end of last year, we had built 10 schools. 到去年年底,我们已经建了10所学校)。
4. 一般将来时(will+动词原形/be going to+动词原形):
- 标志词:tomorrow、next week、in the future、soon等;也可用于条件状语从句、时间状语从句的主句(遵循“主将从现”)。
(二)语态:重点掌握被动语态(be+过去分词),核心是“主语承受动作”。
1. 被动语态的时态变化:结合不同时态,被动语态的结构也会相应变化,核心是“be动词的时态+过去分词”,常见时态的被动语态如下:
- 一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are+过去分词(如The book is written by him. 这本书是他写的);
- 一般过去时被动语态:was/were+过去分词(如The letter was sent yesterday. 这封信是昨天寄的);
- 现在完成时被动语态:have/has been+过去分词(如The work has been finished. 工作已经被完成了);
- 过去完成时被动语态:had been+过去分词(如The bridge had been built before we arrived. 我们到达之前,桥已经被建好了);
- 一般将来时被动语态:will be+过去分词/be going to be+过去分词(如The project will be completed next month. 这个项目将于下个月完成);
- 现在进行时被动语态:am/is/are being+过去分词(如The house is being built now. 这栋房子现在正在被建造)。
2. 易错点:① 不及物动词(如happen、occur、appear、disappear等)没有被动语态(如The accident happened yesterday. 事故昨天发生了,不能说The accident was happened yesterday);② 主动形式表被动含义:某些动词(如sell、wash、write、read等),当主语是物且表“某物具有某种性质”时,用主动形式表被动(如The book sells well. 这本书卖得好,不用is sold well);③ 被动语态的否定形式:在be动词后加not(如The work has not been finished. 工作还没有被完成)。
五、冠词、介词、代词(基础考点,易失分)
1. 冠词:分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。
- 不定冠词a/an:修饰可数名词单数,表“一个”;a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前(如a book、an apple);常见搭配:have a good time、take an interest in等。
- 定冠词the:修饰名词,表“特指”(双方都知道的人或物、上文提到过的人或物、序数词/最高级前、独一无二的事物前等)(如the sun、the first day、the book I bought yesterday)。
- 零冠词:不可数名词、复数名词表泛指时,学科、语言、三餐、球类运动前,节日(除有限定词外)前不用冠词(如math、Chinese、breakfast、play basketball、Spring Festival);表示职位、头衔的名词作表语或同位语时,不用冠词(如He was elected president of the company. 他被选为公司总裁)。
2. 介词:介词是连接名词、代词或短语与句子其他成分的词,表时间、地点、方式、原因、所属等关系,语法填空中常考固定搭配和介词的基本用法,需牢记高频介词及搭配。
- 高频介词及用法:
① 表时间:in(接年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上,如in 2024、in July、in spring、in the morning);on(接具体日期、星期、具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,如on June 1st、on Monday、on the evening of May 10th);at(接具体时刻、节日,如at 8 o’clock、at Christmas);before(在……之前)、after(在……之后)、during(在……期间)、for(接时间段,表“持续……”)、since(接时间点,表“自从……”)。
② 表地点:in(接大地点,如in China、in Beijing);on(接平面、街道,如on the table、on Main Street);at(接小地点,如at the airport、at school);under(在……下面)、above(在……上方,不垂直)、over(在……正上方)、between(在两者之间)、among(在三者及以上之间)、beside(在……旁边)。
③ 表方式、手段:by(接交通工具、方式,如by bus、by working hard);with(接工具、材料,如with a pen、with wood);in(接语言、材料,如in English、in paper);through(通过……方式,如through practice)。
④ 表所属:of(……的,如the door of the room);with(表“带有”,如a girl with long hair);for(表“为了”,如a gift for you)。
- 高频固定搭配:be good at(擅长)、be interested in(对……感兴趣)、take care of(照顾)、instead of(代替)、because of(因为)、by means of(通过……手段)、in terms of(就……而言)、on behalf of(代表)。
3. 代词:代词是用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词,语法填空中常考人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等,核心是“根据语境选择合适的代词,注意人称、数、格的一致”。
- 高频代词及用法:
① 人称代词:主格(I、you、he、she、it、we、they),作主语;宾格(me、you、him、her、it、us、them),作宾语、表语。
② 物主代词:形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、its、our、their),后接名词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词(mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、theirs),可单独使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”(如This book is mine. = This book is my book.)。
③ 反身代词(myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves),常作宾语、表语或同位语,强调“自身”,常见搭配:by oneself(独自)、help oneself to(随便吃/用)、hurt oneself(伤害自己)。
④ 指示代词(this、that、these、those):this/these(近指,“这个/这些”);that/those(远指,“那个/那些”);that可指代前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词,避免重复(如The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海的冷)。
⑤ 不定代词(some、any、many、much、few、little、each、every、all、both、either、neither、none等):some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句;many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词;few/little表“几乎没有”(否定),a few/a little表“有一些”(肯定);each修饰两者及以上,强调个体,every修饰三者及以上,强调整体;both(两者都)、either(两者中的任何一个)、neither(两者都不)、none(三者及以上都不)。
⑥ 易错点:① 物主代词的区分(形容词性vs名词性);② 反身代词的正确搭配;③ 不定代词的用法辨析(如few vs little、either vs neither);④ 指示代词that的指代用法,避免重复。
六、情态动词(基础考点,侧重语气和用法辨析)
情态动词是表示说话人语气、态度(如能力、许可、义务、推测、建议等)的动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,语法填空中常考情态动词的基本用法和辨析。
1. 高频情态动词及核心用法:
① can/could:can表“能、会、可以”(现在能力、许可);could表“能、会”(过去能力、委婉请求、推测,语气比can弱);could have done表“本可以做某事但没做”(虚拟语气)。
② may/might:may表“可以、可能”(许可、推测,语气较委婉);might表“可能、或许”(推测,语气比may更弱);may not表“不可以、可能不”,might have done表“可能做过某事”(对过去的推测)。
③ must:表“必须、一定”(义务、强制、肯定推测,语气最强);mustn’t表“禁止、不允许”;must have done表“一定做过某事”(对过去的肯定推测);注意:must表“必须”时,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to(“不必”),不能用mustn’t。
④ should/ought to:表“应该”(建议、义务),ought to后接to+动词原形;should have done表“本应该做某事但没做”(虚拟语气,带有责备意味)。
⑤ need:可作情态动词(表“需要”,多用于否定句、疑问句,后接动词原形,否定式为needn’t),也可作实义动词(表“需要”,后接to do或doing,如need to do sth、need doing sth(主动表被动))。
⑥ will/would:will表“将要、会”(一般将来时,表意愿、承诺);would表“会、愿意”(过去将来时、委婉请求,语气比will弱);would have done表“本会做某事但没做”(虚拟语气)。
2. 易错点:① 情态动词表推测的语气强弱(must > may > might);② 情态动词+have done的用法(对过去的推测或虚拟);③ need作情态动词与实义动词的区别;④ must的否定回答(needn’t/don’t have to)。
七、特殊句式(高频易错考点)
语法填空中常考的特殊句式包括倒装句、强调句、省略句,重点掌握基本结构和用法,避免混淆。
1. 倒装句(分为完全倒装和部分倒装):
① 完全倒装(谓语动词+主语):条件:地点状语(in/on/under/by...)或时间状语位于句首,主语是名词(非代词),谓语动词是be动词、lie、stand、come、go等不及物动词;例句:In the distance stands a tall building. 远处矗立着一座高楼;Here comes the bus. 公交车来了(主语是代词时不倒装:Here it comes.)。
② 部分倒装(助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词):常见情况:
- 否定副词(never、hardly、scarcely、seldom、little、nowhere、not、no等)位于句首;例句:Never have I seen such a beautiful place. 我从未见过如此美丽的地方。
- only+状语(介词短语、副词、状语从句)位于句首;例句:Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。
- so/such...that...结构中,so/such位于句首,主句用部分倒装;例句:So difficult is the problem that no one can solve it. 这个问题如此难,以至于没人能解决。
2. 强调句(It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分):
- 被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语(时间、地点、原因等);强调人时,可用who或that;强调其他成分时,只能用that;例句:It was yesterday that I met him. 我是昨天遇见他的(强调时间状语yesterday);It is he who/that helped me. 是他帮助了我(强调主语he)。
- 易错点:强调句的判断方法——去掉It is/was和that/who,句子仍完整(语序调整后);若强调时间、地点状语,不能用when/where,只能用that。
3. 省略句:为了简洁,省略句子中重复的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、状语等),常见于状语从句、对话中;例句:When (he was) asked about his dream, he smiled. 当被问及他的梦想时,他笑了(省略主语和be动词);A: Do you like coffee? B: Yes, I do. (省略like coffee)。
- 易错点:状语从句中省略的条件——主句和从句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词,可省略主语和be动词;若主语不一致,不能省略。
八、语法填空解题技巧(实战必备)
结合以上考点,总结语法填空的解题步骤,帮助快速定位考点、精准答题,避免失分:
1. 通读全文,把握主旨:快速浏览文章,了解文章大意、时态(全文基本时态)、逻辑关系(转折、因果、并列等),为答题奠定基础。
2. 分析句子成分,判断考点:针对每个空格,分析句子结构(主谓宾、定状补),判断空格处所需词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)或语法结构(非谓语、从句、时态语态等)。
3. 结合考点,确定答案:
- 若空格后是动词,且空格处不是谓语,考虑非谓语动词(doing/done/to do),判断逻辑主语与动词的关系(主动/被动)和动作状态(进行/完成)。
- 若空格前后是两个句子,且无连词,考虑复合句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句),找先行词或判断从句类型,选择合适的引导词。
- 若空格处是修饰动词、形容词、副词,考虑副词;若修饰名词,考虑形容词;若位于介词后、冠词后,考虑名词,结合词性转换规则答题。
- 若空格处是谓语动词,考虑时态和语态,结合时间状语、逻辑关系判断时态,结合主语与动词的关系判断语态。
- 若空格处是冠词、介词、代词,结合上下文和固定搭配答题,注意冠词的泛指/特指、介词的固定用法、代词的人称和数。
4. 检查核对,避免失误:答题完成后,通读全文,检查语法是否正确(时态、语态、主谓一致等)、词性是否匹配、固定搭配是否正确、上下文是否连贯,修正错误。
九、易错点汇总(重点规避)
1. 非谓语动词:混淆现在分词(主动、进行)与过去分词(被动、完成)的用法;不定式作目的状语与结果状语的区别;独立主格结构的构成。
2. 复合句:定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的误用;宾语从句中语序错误(疑问句语序误用作陈述语序);if与whether的用法混淆;条件状语从句中“主将从现”原则的误用。
3. 词性转换:混淆同源词的含义和用法(如produce、product、production、productive);形容词变副词的规则记错(如以y结尾的词变y为i加ly);名词的单复数、形容词/副词的比较级/最高级遗漏。
4. 时态语态:现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别;过去完成时“过去的过去”的判断;不及物动词误用被动语态;主动形式表被动含义的情况遗漏。
5. 冠词、介词、代词:不定冠词a/an的用法(元音音素vs辅音音素);定冠词the的特指用法遗漏;介词固定搭配记错;形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用。
6. 特殊句式:倒装句的倒装条件记错;强调句中that/who的误用;省略句的省略条件混淆。
总结:语法填空的核心是“掌握高频考点、分析句子成分、结合语境答题”,平时练习中需重点关注易错点,多积累固定搭配和长难句结构,通过“练习+总结”提升解题能力,确保在考试中精准得分。
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