语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破（18）-2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（16题） 1. Eating more fibre, ______ fibre maxxing, may be the hottest new dietary trend of 2026, but many people are still confused about whether it is worth chasing. 2. Fibre can stop digestive enzymes from reaching rapidly broken down foods, such as sugar and fat, preventing too much from ______ (absorb) by the body and reducing the risk of related diseases. 3. ______ (study) conducted by nutrition experts show that the more fibre you eat, up to 25-30g a day, the lower the risk of cancer, diabetes and heart disease. 4. It is less clear ______ benefits continue to increase when you take in fibre beyond the recommended amount. 5. Half a loaf of wholemeal bread can get you close to the ______ (recommend) daily amount of fibre, but it lacks many essential vitamins and minerals. 6. The vitamins and minerals that ______ (be) present in greens are much more than those in wholemeal bread, which also contains less soluble fibre. 7. A more ______ (sense) approach to getting enough fibre is to eat a mix of various plant-based foods rather than rely on a single kind. 8. A research review found that the health benefits from eating more fruit and vegetables increase up to 800g a day, at ______ point they level off and no longer rise. 9. If you’ve consumed below 10g of fibre per day most of your life, you should start slowly and increase intake ______ 3-5g every few days. 10. You’d better start with fibre that has already been partially broken down, which the body finds ______ (easy) to digest than raw fibre. 11. In January 2026, a short video from the documentary Return to the Wolves sparked intense debate, pushing the 16-year-old story of “Green” back into the spotlight and arousing deep emotions ______ (national). 12. Li Weiyi rescued the weak newborn wolf cub Green in 2010, ______ mother was killed by poachers’ poisoned bait on the Ruo’ergai grasslands. 13. Li Weiyi brought Green to Chengdu, but its wild nature conflicted ______ urban life as it grew older, making her decide to return it to the wild. 14. The decision that Li Weiyi made to return Green to the wild was ______ (root) in respect for nature rather than a desire for possession. 15. For seven harsh months, Li lived with Green on the grasslands and taught him skills ______ (help) him survive in the wild independently. 16. According to accounts from local herders, Green, now a pack leader, was seen ______ (return) the red ribbon Li used to bandage his injured paw years later. 第一组 举一反三练习题（16题） 1. Drinking more warm water, ______ warm water therapy, is a simple way to keep healthy, but not everyone knows how to do it properly. 2. This kind of medicine can stop the virus from spreading, preventing people from ______ (infect) and protecting public health. 3. ______ (research) done by medical experts prove that regular exercise can improve people’s physical and mental health. 4. It is still unknown ______ the new drug will have side effects on the human body. 5. The ______ (suggest) daily amount of sleep for teenagers is 8-10 hours, but many students can’t reach it. 6. The books that ______ (be) on the shelf are all about history, which are popular among students. 7. A more ______ (practice) way to learn English is to speak it as much as possible in daily life. 8. The number of people who take part in the volunteer activity increases every year, at ______ point it becomes a common social phenomenon. 9. If you want to improve your English, you should increase your vocabulary ______ 10-15 words every day. 10. This kind of food is processed carefully, which people find ______ (delicious) than the raw food. 11. The news of the success of the space mission spread quickly, exciting people ______ (wide) across the country. 12. I met a girl ______ father is a teacher in our school, and she is very kind to everyone. 13. His opinion conflicts ______ mine on this issue, so we need to have a further discussion. 14. Her love for her children is ______ (root) in her heart, which can be felt by everyone around her. 15. He spent a lot of time learning new skills ______ (achieve) his dream of becoming a scientist. 16. When I passed the park, I saw some children ______ (play) happily on the playground. 第一组 举一反三答案 1. or 2. being infected 3. Researches 4. whether/if 5. suggested 6. are 7. practical 8. which 9. by 10. more delicious 11. widely 12. whose 13. with 14. rooted 15. to achieve 16. playing 第二组 语法填空（16题） 1. Civilizations rise and fall, but some endure, and at the Anhui Museum, a recent exhibition of ancient gold and silver artifacts offered visitors an ______ (exceptional) close glimpse into ancient life. 2. The exhibition showed people how power, belief and daily life played out — not through texts, ______ through precious gold and silver artifacts. 3. Featuring a ______ (glory) history spanning nearly 4,000 years, the major exhibition Gold’s Radiance Steeps Ancient China ______ (draw) to a close earlier in February. 4. Liu Huawei, the exhibition’s curator and deputy director of the Anhui Museum, said the objects represented discoveries from 156 archaeological ______ (site). 5. Nearly 200 of the items displayed are classified ______ China’s first-grade cultural relics, with dozens exhibited to the public for the first time. 6. Dozens of the cultural relics ______ (exhibit) to the public for the first time in this exhibition, attracting a large number of visitors. 7. Liu Huawei noted that the decision to curate this exhibition originated from the belief that Chinese gold and silver artifacts provide a unique perspective ______ (observe) Chinese civilization. 8. China is one of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations, and its consistency, originality, unity, inclusivity and peaceful nature are tangible in ______ (material) culture. 9. To illustrate the features of Chinese civilization, Liu selected five key artifacts that form a vivid narrative and ______ (help) visitors understand history better. 10. Looking back on the exhibition, ______ took a year and a half to plan, Liu says he feels proud of his and his colleagues’ work. 11. The Echoes of Nature concert was held at SOAS, centered on China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the venue ______ (pack) with a diverse audience. 12. Many non-Chinese attendees were eager ______ (discover) Chinese culture through the traditional music performance. 13. The performance featured a wide range of traditional instruments, ______ (offer) a vivid panorama of Chinese classical music and attracting many audiences. 14. Several pieces explored cross-cultural combination, mixing Chinese and Western instruments to create new harmonies, both of ______ were highly praised by the audience. 15. Barnaby Taylor, a distinguished British ______ (compose), was in attendance and praised the performance highly after the concert. 16. Professor Cheng Yu emphasized that the event was not a one-off performance but ______ ongoing cultural dialogue that deepens people’s understanding of Chinese music. 第二组 举一反三练习题（16题） 结合第二组知识点，完成下列长难句语法填空，侧重同类考点的灵活运用。 1. Technology develops rapidly, but some traditional skills remain, and a recent show of traditional crafts offered people an ______ (extreme) close look at traditional culture. 2. The teacher told us that success comes not from luck, ______ from hard work and persistence. 3. Having a ______ (splendor) history of more than 5,000 years, Chinese civilization ______ (stand) firmly in the world. 4. The archaeologists found many valuable cultural relics from 200 ancient ______ (village) in this area. 5. These rare plants are classified ______ national protected plants, which need special protection. 6. All the works of art ______ (show) in the gallery last month were created by young artists. 7. This book provides us with a new perspective ______ (understand) the importance of environmental protection. 8. The ______ (culture) heritage left by our ancestors is a precious treasure that we should cherish. 9. He collected many old photos that record the changes of the city and ______ (help) people remember the past. 10. Thinking about the project, ______ took us three months to complete, we all felt a sense of achievement. 11. The concert hall ______ (pack) with music lovers when the famous singer started his performance. 12. The children are eager ______ (visit) the zoo to see the cute pandas. 13. The artist held a personal exhibition, ______ (display) many of his latest works and winning high praise. 14. There are many interesting books in the library, some of ______ are my favorite. 15. Mozart, a famous Austrian ______ (compose), created many classic works that are still popular today. 16. This is ______ useful book that can help us improve our reading skills quickly. 语法知识点总结（详细版） 一、词性转换（高频考点） 词性转换是语法填空的核心考点，主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词之间的转换，需掌握常见词缀及用法，形成知识网络。 1. 动词→名词 （1）动词+er：表示“做某事的人”，如compose（作曲）→composer（作曲家）、teach（教）→teacher（老师）、write（写）→writer（作家）、work（工作）→worker（工人）。 （2）动词+ment：表示“动作、状态或结果”，如develop（发展）→development（发展）、improve（提高）→improvement（提高）、argue（争论）→argument（争论）。 （3）动词+ion/ation：表示“动作、过程或结果”，如infect（感染）→infection（感染）、exhibit（展出）→exhibition（展览）、act（行动）→action（行动）。 （4）动词+ance/ence：表示“状态、性质”，如appear（出现）→appearance（外貌）、differ（不同）→difference（差异）、exist（存在）→existence（存在）。 2. 名词→形容词 （1）名词+ful：表示“充满……的”，如hope（希望）→hopeful（充满希望的）、beauty（美丽）→beautiful（美丽的）、care（关心）→careful（仔细的）。 （2）名词+ous：表示“具有……性质的”，如danger（危险）→dangerous（危险的）、glory（荣耀）→glorious（辉煌的）、fame（名声）→famous（著名的）。 （3）名词+able/ible：表示“可……的、能……的”，如eat（吃）→eatable（可食用的）、change（改变）→changeable（易变的）、possible（可能的）→impossible（不可能的）。 （4）名词+al：表示“与……有关的”，如nation（国家）→national（国家的）、culture（文化）→cultural（文化的）、material（材料）→material（物质的）。 3. 形容词→副词 （1）形容词+ly：大多数形容词变副词的规则形式，如easy（容易的）→easily（容易地）、exceptional（杰出的）→exceptionally（极其）、national（国家的）→nationally（在全国范围内）。 （2）以“y”结尾的形容词，变y为i加ly：如happy（快乐的）→happily（快乐地）、heavy（重的）→heavily（沉重地）、busy（忙碌的）→busily（忙碌地）。 （3）以“le”结尾的形容词，去e加y：如simple（简单的）→simply（简单地）、terrible（可怕的）→terribly（可怕地）、gentle（温柔的）→gently（温柔地）。 （4）特殊变化：如good（好的）→well（好地）、fast（快的）→fast（快地）、late（晚的）→late（晚地）/lately（最近）。 4. 动词→形容词 （1）动词+ed：表示“被……的、感到……的”，修饰人或与人相关的情感，如excite（使兴奋）→excited（兴奋的）、interest（使感兴趣）→interested（感兴趣的）、recommend（推荐）→recommended（被推荐的）。 （2）动词+ing：表示“令人……的”，修饰物或事情，如excite（使兴奋）→exciting（令人兴奋的）、interest（使感兴趣）→interesting（有趣的）、surprise（使惊讶）→surprising（令人惊讶的）。 二、非谓语动词（核心难点） 非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done），主要考查作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法，核心是判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系（主动/被动）和动作的先后顺序（进行/完成）。 1. 不定式（to do） （1）作目的状语：译为“为了……”，可位于句首（用逗号隔开）或句末，如To improve his English, he reads every morning. / He reads every morning to improve his English. 常见搭配：in order to do sth（为了做某事，可位于句首或句末）、so as to do sth（为了做某事，只能位于句末）。 （2）作后置定语：修饰名词（如chance、ability、way、perspective等），表“……的机会/能力/方式/视角”，如a chance to go abroad（出国的机会）、a perspective to observe（观察的视角）。 （3）作宾语补足语：常见于感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear等）和使役动词（make、let、have等）后，感官动词后接to do表“看到/听到某人做某事的全过程”，使役动词后接to do时需省略to（被动语态中恢复to），如He made me laugh. → I was made to laugh. 常见搭配：be eager to do sth（渴望做某事）、decide to do sth（决定做某事）、plan to do sth（计划做某事）。 2. 现在分词（doing） （1）作伴随状语：逻辑主语是句子主语，与doing之间是主动关系，表“同时发生的动作”，如He walked in the street, singing a song.（他在街上走，唱着歌。） （2）作定语：修饰名词，与名词之间是主动关系，表“正在进行的动作”或“具有某种性质的”，如a boy playing football（一个正在踢足球的男孩）、an interesting book（一本有趣的书）。 （3）作宾语补足语：常见于感官动词后，表“看到/听到某人正在做某事”，如I saw her dancing in the room.（我看到她正在房间里跳舞。） 常见搭配：prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth（阻止某人做某事），from后接动名词。 （4）作结果状语：表“自然而然的结果”，如He fell off the bike, breaking his leg.（他从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。） 3. 过去分词（done） （1）作定语：修饰名词，与名词之间是被动关系，表“被……的”或“完成的动作”，如a broken cup（一个破碎的杯子）、a book written by Lu Xun（一本鲁迅写的书）、a decision rooted in respect（一个植根于尊重的决定）。 （2）作状语：逻辑主语是句子主语，与done之间是被动关系，表“被动的动作”或“完成的动作”，如Seen from the top of the hill, the city is beautiful.（从山顶看，这座城市很美。） （3）作宾语补足语：常见于感官动词和使役动词后，表“宾语被……”，如I found the door locked.（我发现门被锁了。） 常见搭配：be done（被动语态），如The work was finished yesterday.（这项工作昨天被完成了。） 4. 动名词（doing） 动名词可作主语、宾语、表语，本质是“动词名词化”，如Eating more fibre is good for health.（作主语）、He enjoys playing football.（作宾语）、His hobby is reading.（作表语）。 注意：介词后接动名词，如prevent from doing sth、be good at doing sth、devote to doing sth。 三、定语从句（高频难点） 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，核心是判断先行词（被修饰的名词/代词），选择合适的关系词（who、whom、whose、which、that、when、where、why），掌握关系词的用法和区别。 1. 关系代词（who、whom、whose、which、that） （1）who：先行词是人，在从句中作主语，如The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.（穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。） （2）whom：先行词是人，在从句中作宾语（可省略），如The man whom I met yesterday is a doctor.（我昨天遇到的那个男人是一名医生。） 注意：介词后只能用whom，不能用that，如The person with whom I worked is very kind.（和我一起工作的那个人很善良。） （3）whose：先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”，如The boy whose father is a teacher is very clever.（爸爸是老师的那个男孩很聪明。） / The house whose windows are broken is empty.（窗户破了的那栋房子是空的。） 可替换为“of which/whom”，如The house of which the windows are broken is empty. （4）which：先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语，可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，如The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） / He bought a new bike, which cost him 2000 yuan.（他买了一辆新自行车，花了他2000元。） 注意：非限制性定语从句中不能用that，先行词是整个句子时，只能用which。 （5）that：先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，只能用于限制性定语从句，如The man that I saw yesterday is my uncle.（我昨天看到的那个男人是我叔叔。） / The book that is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的。） 注意：以下情况不能用that，只能用which/who/whom：① 非限制性定语从句；② 介词后；③ 先行词被those、these、all、any等不定代词修饰时，可用that。 2. 关系副词（when、where、why） （1）when：先行词是时间（如day、year、time等），在从句中作时间状语，可替换为“介词+which”，如I still remember the day when I first went to school. = I still remember the day on which I first went to school.（我还记得我第一次上学的那一天。） （2）where：先行词是地点（如place、city、room等），在从句中作地点状语，可替换为“介词+which”，如This is the place where I was born. = This is the place in which I was born.（这是我出生的地方。） （3）why：先行词是reason（原因），在从句中作原因状语，可替换为“for which”，如The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. = The reason for which he was late is that he missed the bus.（他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。） 3. 非限制性定语从句的特点 （1）用逗号与主句隔开；（2）不能用that引导；（3）先行词可以是一个词、一个短语，甚至整个主句；（4）关系词不能省略；（5）译为“而、却、其中”等，补充说明主句内容，不影响主句的完整性。 四、名词性从句（核心考点） 名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，核心是掌握引导词的用法，判断从句的句意和成分（是否缺成分、缺什么成分）。 1. 宾语从句 （1）定义：作动词、介词或形容词的宾语，如He said that he would come.（动词said的宾语）、I am interested in what he said.（介词in的宾语）、I am sure that he is right.（形容词sure的宾语）。 （2）引导词：① that：无意义，不充当成分，可省略（当宾语从句是并列句时，第二个that不能省略），如He said (that) he liked English and that he would study hard.；② whether/if：表“是否”，不充当成分，whether可用于介词后、不定式前，if不可，如I don’t know whether/if he will come. / I am thinking about whether to go.；③ what/which/who/whom/whose：表“什么/哪一个/谁”，在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语；④ how/where/when/why：表“如何/在哪里/什么时候/为什么”，在从句中充当状语。 2. 主语从句 （1）定义：作句子的主语，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，避免句子头重脚轻，如It is important that we should study hard.（真正的主语是that we should study hard）。 （2）引导词：与宾语从句的引导词一致，如That he will come is certain.（that引导主语从句，不能省略） / It is certain that he will come.（it作形式主语） / Whether he will come is uncertain.（whether引导主语从句，不能用if）。 3. 表语从句 （1）定义：作系动词（be、look、seem、become等）的表语，如The fact is that he is wrong.（系动词is的表语）。 （2）引导词：与宾语从句的引导词一致，注意：reason作主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用because，如The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（不能用because）。 4. 同位语从句 （1）定义：修饰名词（如fact、news、belief、idea、suggestion等），说明名词的具体内容，如The news that he won the game made us happy.（that从句说明news的内容）。 （2）引导词：常用that，无意义，不充当成分，不能省略；也可用whether（表“是否”），如I have no idea whether he will come.（我不知道他是否会来。） 五、时态和语态（基础考点） 时态主要考查一般过去时、一般现在时、现在完成时，语态主要考查一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态，核心是判断动作发生的时间和主语与动作的关系（主动/被动）。 1. 一般过去时 （1）标志词：yesterday、last week、earlier in February、in 2020、just now等，表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 （2）结构：主语+动词过去式+其他，如He went to school yesterday.（他昨天去上学了。） 常见动词过去式：draw→drew、pack→packed、exhibit→exhibited、stand→stood。 2. 一般现在时 （1）标志词：every day、usually、often、always、generally等，表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理。 （2）结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数+其他，主语是第三人称单数时，动词加s/es，如He plays football every day.（他每天踢足球。） / The earth goes around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。） 3. 被动语态 （1）定义：当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态，结构：be + done（过去分词）。 （2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + done，如The exhibition was held last month.（这场展览上个月举办的。） / The cultural relics were exhibited to the public.（这些文物被展出给公众。） （3）一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + done，如The book is written by Lu Xun.（这本书是鲁迅写的。） / These plants are protected by the government.（这些植物被政府保护。） （4）注意：不及物动词（如happen、appear、rise等）没有被动语态，如The accident happened yesterday.（不能说The accident was happened yesterday.） 六、冠词（基础考点） 冠词包括不定冠词（a、an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词，核心是掌握泛指、特指的用法，以及a和an的区别。 1. 不定冠词（a、an） （1）用法：表泛指“一个、一场、一件”，用于可数名词单数前。 （2）区别：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前，如a book（一本书）、a university（一所大学）、an apple（一个苹果）、an hour（一小时）、an ongoing dialogue（一场持续的对话）。 （3）注意：元音音素开头的单词，不仅是a、e、i、o、u开头，还包括发音为元音的单词，如an hour（/ˈaʊə(r)/）、an honest man（/ˈɒnɪst/）；辅音音素开头的单词包括以辅音字母开头，且发音为辅音的单词，如a university（/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/）、a European（/ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/）。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（16题） 1. Eating more fibre, ______ fibre maxxing, may be the hottest new dietary trend of 2026, but many people are still confused about whether it is worth chasing. 2. Fibre can stop digestive enzymes from reaching rapidly broken down foods, such as sugar and fat, preventing too much from ______ (absorb) by the body and reducing the risk of related diseases. 3. ______ (study) conducted by nutrition experts show that the more fibre you eat, up to 25-30g a day, the lower the risk of cancer, diabetes and heart disease. 4. It is less clear ______ benefits continue to increase when you take in fibre beyond the recommended amount. 5. Half a loaf of wholemeal bread can get you close to the ______ (recommend) daily amount of fibre, but it lacks many essential vitamins and minerals. 6. The vitamins and minerals that ______ (be) present in greens are much more than those in wholemeal bread, which also contains less soluble fibre. 7. A more ______ (sense) approach to getting enough fibre is to eat a mix of various plant-based foods rather than rely on a single kind. 8. A research review found that the health benefits from eating more fruit and vegetables increase up to 800g a day, at ______ point they level off and no longer rise. 9. If you’ve consumed below 10g of fibre per day most of your life, you should start slowly and increase intake ______ 3-5g every few days. 10. You’d better start with fibre that has already been partially broken down, which the body finds ______ (easy) to digest than raw fibre. 11. In January 2026, a short video from the documentary Return to the Wolves sparked intense debate, pushing the 16-year-old story of “Green” back into the spotlight and arousing deep emotions ______ (national). 12. Li Weiyi rescued the weak newborn wolf cub Green in 2010, ______ mother was killed by poachers’ poisoned bait on the Ruo’ergai grasslands. 13. Li Weiyi brought Green to Chengdu, but its wild nature conflicted ______ urban life as it grew older, making her decide to return it to the wild. 14. The decision that Li Weiyi made to return Green to the wild was ______ (root) in respect for nature rather than a desire for possession. 15. For seven harsh months, Li lived with Green on the grasslands and taught him skills ______ (help) him survive in the wild independently. 16. According to accounts from local herders, Green, now a pack leader, was seen ______ (return) the red ribbon Li used to bandage his injured paw years later. 第一组 答案及详细核心知识点 1. 答案：or （知识点：并列连词or的用法，表示“或者”，用于连接两个并列的同位语Eating more fibre和fibre maxxing，说明两者指的是同一种饮食趋势，语气上是选择关系；拓展：or还可表示“否则”“也不”，如Hurry up, or you will be late.） 2. 答案：being absorbed （知识点：非谓语动词+被动语态，prevent sth from doing sth是固定搭配，意为“阻止某物做某事”，此处too much（指代sugar and fat）与absorb之间是被动关系，故用being done形式；核心：from是介词，后接动名词，被动关系需用动名词的被动式being done；拓展：类似搭配还有stop/keep sb from doing sth，其中keep后的from不可省略，prevent/stop后的from可省略。） 3. 答案：Studies （知识点：名词的单复数，study此处意为“研究”，是可数名词，根据谓语动词show（原形）可知，主语应为复数形式；拓展：study作“学习”讲时，可作不可数名词，如He devotes all his time to study. 作“书房”讲时，是可数名词，复数为studies。） 4. 答案：whether/if （知识点：名词性从句中的宾语从句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺成分，但表示“是否”的含义，故用whether或if引导；区别：whether可用于介词后、不定式前，if不可，此处it is clear whether/if...是固定句式，两者均可；拓展：宾语从句中，that无意义、不充当成分，whether/if表“是否”，what/which等在从句中充当主语、宾语等。） 5. 答案：recommended （知识点：词性转换，动词recommend（推荐）转换为形容词recommended，作定语修饰daily amount，意为“推荐的每日摄入量”；核心：动词+ed构成形容词，通常表示“被……的”，如broken（破碎的）、excited（兴奋的）；拓展：recommend的常见搭配：recommend sth to sb（向某人推荐某物），recommend doing sth（建议做某事），recommend that sb (should) do sth（建议某人做某事，虚拟语气）。） 6. 答案：are （知识点：定语从句中的主谓一致，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the vitamins and minerals（复数），故定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式are；核心：定语从句的谓语动词单复数由先行词决定，先行词是单数，谓语用单数，先行词是复数，谓语用复数；拓展：若先行词是集合名词，如family、team，表整体时谓语用单数，表成员时用复数，如The family is big. / The family are watching TV.） 7. 答案：sensible （知识点：词性转换，名词sense（感觉、道理）转换为形容词sensible，作定语修饰approach，意为“合理的、明智的”；核心：sense的常见形容词形式：sensible（明智的，修饰人或行为）、sensitive（敏感的，修饰人或物）；拓展：sensible的常见搭配：be sensible of sth（意识到某事），如He is sensible of his own mistakes.） 8. 答案：which （知识点：非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子“the health benefits...increase up to 800g a day”，从句中at后缺宾语，故用which引导，at which point相当于when；核心：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，先行词是整个句子时，用which引导；拓展：point、time、place等名词后，常用where/when/which引导定语从句，如This is the point where I disagree with you.） 9. 答案：by （知识点：介词by的用法，表示“增加了……”，后接具体的数量，如increase by 50%（增加50%）；区别：increase to表示“增加到……”，后接最终的数量，如increase to 100（增加到100）；拓展：by还可表示“通过……方式”“在……旁边”“截止到……”等含义，如He goes to school by bike. / By the end of last year, we had finished the project.） 10. 答案：easier （知识点：形容词的比较级，根据后面的than raw fibre可知，此处需用easy的比较级easier，意为“更容易消化”；核心：形容词比较级的构成，单音节词直接加-er，如easy→easier、fast→faster；以“y”结尾且前面是辅音字母，变y为i加-er，如happy→happier；拓展：find it + adj. + to do sth是固定句式，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth，此处adj.用比较级，体现两者对比。） 11. 答案：nationally （知识点：词性转换，形容词national（国家的、全国的）转换为副词nationally，作状语，修饰arousing deep emotions，意为“在全国范围内引起了深厚的情感”；核心：形容词+ly构成副词，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子；拓展：部分以“y”结尾的形容词变副词，变y为i加-ly，如happy→happily、heavy→heavily，national是规则变化，直接加ly。） 12. 答案：whose （知识点：定语从句中的关系代词whose，先行词是wolf cub Green（狼崽格林），从句中mother前缺定语，意为“它的妈妈”，故用whose引导，whose可修饰人或物，表“……的”；核心：whose在定语从句中作定语，可替换为“of which”，此处可改为of which the mother；拓展：whose的常见用法：The girl whose father is a teacher is very kind.（爸爸是老师的那个女孩很善良。） 13. 答案：with （知识点：固定搭配，conflict with意为“与……冲突、矛盾”，此处指狼的野性与城市生活相冲突；核心：conflict的常见搭配：conflict with sth（与某物冲突），conflict between A and B（A和B之间的冲突）；拓展：conflict可作名词，也可作动词，作名词时，常用搭配in conflict with（与……冲突），如He is in conflict with his parents about his career. 注意：前文主语为Green（狼），此处“his”修正为“its”，避免指代错误。） 14. 答案：rooted （知识点：非谓语动词，be rooted in是固定短语，意为“植根于、源于”，此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰decision，省略be动词，直接用rooted；核心：过去分词作定语，表被动或完成，此处decision与root之间是被动关系，即“决定被植根于尊重”；拓展：类似短语还有be based on（基于）、be located in（位于），作定语时均可省略be动词，用过去分词形式，如a book based on real events（一本基于真实事件的书）。） 15. 答案：to help （知识点：非谓语动词中的不定式，此处用不定式to help作目的状语，意为“教他一些技能来帮助他独立在野外生存”；核心：不定式作目的状语，常放在句子末尾，可译为“为了……”；拓展：不定式作目的状语时，可位于句首，用逗号隔开，如To pass the exam, he studies hard. 也可用于in order to/so as to do sth结构，in order to可位于句首或句末，so as to不可位于句首。） 16. 答案：returning （知识点：非谓语动词，see sb doing sth是固定搭配，意为“看到某人正在做某事”，此处表示“有人看到Green正在归还红丝带”；区别：see sb do sth表示“看到某人做某事的全过程”，此处强调动作正在进行，故用doing形式；拓展：类似的感官动词还有watch、notice、hear、feel等，后接do sth（全过程）或doing sth（正在进行），被动语态中，do sth要变为to do sth，如He was seen to enter the room.） 第一组 举一反三练习题（16题） 1. Drinking more warm water, ______ warm water therapy, is a simple way to keep healthy, but not everyone knows how to do it properly. 2. This kind of medicine can stop the virus from spreading, preventing people from ______ (infect) and protecting public health. 3. ______ (research) done by medical experts prove that regular exercise can improve people’s physical and mental health. 4. It is still unknown ______ the new drug will have side effects on the human body. 5. The ______ (suggest) daily amount of sleep for teenagers is 8-10 hours, but many students can’t reach it. 6. The books that ______ (be) on the shelf are all about history, which are popular among students. 7. A more ______ (practice) way to learn English is to speak it as much as possible in daily life. 8. The number of people who take part in the volunteer activity increases every year, at ______ point it becomes a common social phenomenon. 9. If you want to improve your English, you should increase your vocabulary ______ 10-15 words every day. 10. This kind of food is processed carefully, which people find ______ (delicious) than the raw food. 11. The news of the success of the space mission spread quickly, exciting people ______ (wide) across the country. 12. I met a girl ______ father is a teacher in our school, and she is very kind to everyone. 13. His opinion conflicts ______ mine on this issue, so we need to have a further discussion. 14. Her love for her children is ______ (root) in her heart, which can be felt by everyone around her. 15. He spent a lot of time learning new skills ______ (achieve) his dream of becoming a scientist. 16. When I passed the park, I saw some children ______ (play) happily on the playground. 第一组 举一反三答案 1. or 2. being infected 3. Researches 4. whether/if 5. suggested 6. are 7. practical 8. which 9. by 10. more delicious 11. widely 12. whose 13. with 14. rooted 15. to achieve 16. playing 第二组 语法填空（16题） 1. Civilizations rise and fall, but some endure, and at the Anhui Museum, a recent exhibition of ancient gold and silver artifacts offered visitors an ______ (exceptional) close glimpse into ancient life. 2. The exhibition showed people how power, belief and daily life played out — not through texts, ______ through precious gold and silver artifacts. 3. Featuring a ______ (glory) history spanning nearly 4,000 years, the major exhibition Gold’s Radiance Steeps Ancient China ______ (draw) to a close earlier in February. 4. Liu Huawei, the exhibition’s curator and deputy director of the Anhui Museum, said the objects represented discoveries from 156 archaeological ______ (site). 5. Nearly 200 of the items displayed are classified ______ China’s first-grade cultural relics, with dozens exhibited to the public for the first time. 6. Dozens of the cultural relics ______ (exhibit) to the public for the first time in this exhibition, attracting a large number of visitors. 7. Liu Huawei noted that the decision to curate this exhibition originated from the belief that Chinese gold and silver artifacts provide a unique perspective ______ (observe) Chinese civilization. 8. China is one of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations, and its consistency, originality, unity, inclusivity and peaceful nature are tangible in ______ (material) culture. 9. To illustrate the features of Chinese civilization, Liu selected five key artifacts that form a vivid narrative and ______ (help) visitors understand history better. 10. Looking back on the exhibition, ______ took a year and a half to plan, Liu says he feels proud of his and his colleagues’ work. 11. The Echoes of Nature concert was held at SOAS, centered on China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the venue ______ (pack) with a diverse audience. 12. Many non-Chinese attendees were eager ______ (discover) Chinese culture through the traditional music performance. 13. The performance featured a wide range of traditional instruments, ______ (offer) a vivid panorama of Chinese classical music and attracting many audiences. 14. Several pieces explored cross-cultural combination, mixing Chinese and Western instruments to create new harmonies, both of ______ were highly praised by the audience. 15. Barnaby Taylor, a distinguished British ______ (compose), was in attendance and praised the performance highly after the concert. 16. Professor Cheng Yu emphasized that the event was not a one-off performance but ______ ongoing cultural dialogue that deepens people’s understanding of Chinese music. 第二组 答案及详细核心知识点 1. 答案：exceptionally （知识点：词性转换，形容词exceptional（例外的、杰出的）转换为副词exceptionally，作状语，修饰形容词close，意为“极其近距离地”；核心：副词修饰形容词、副词或整个句子，此处exceptionally修饰close，加强程度；拓展：exceptional的名词形式是exception（例外），常见搭配：without exception（毫无例外），take exception to sth（反对某事）。） 2. 答案：but （知识点：并列连词but的用法，此处构成“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的介词短语through texts和through precious gold and silver artifacts；核心：“not...but...”连接两个并列成分，表转折，强调后者；拓展：类似结构还有“not only...but also...”（不仅……而且……），连接两个并列成分时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，如Not only he but also I am interested in music.） 3. 答案：glorious；drew （知识点：① 词性转换，名词glory（荣耀）转换为形容词glorious，作定语修饰history，意为“辉煌的历史”；② 时态，根据时间状语earlier in February（二月初）可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，draw的过去式是drew；核心：draw to a close是固定短语，意为“接近尾声”；拓展：glory的常见搭配：in glory（荣耀地），glorious的副词形式是gloriously；draw的常见短语还有draw a conclusion（得出结论），draw attention（吸引注意力）。） 4. 答案：sites （知识点：名词的单复数，archaeological site意为“考古遗址”，site是可数名词，前面有156修饰，故用复数形式sites；核心：可数名词前有大于1的数词修饰时，用复数形式；拓展：site作“地点、场所”讲时，是可数名词，复数为sites，如a construction site（建筑工地）；作“网站”讲时，也是可数名词，复数为sites。） 5. 答案：as （知识点：固定搭配，be classified as意为“被归类为……”，此处指“近200件展品被归类为中国一级文物”；核心：classify的常见搭配：classify sth as sth（将某物归类为某物），被动形式为be classified as；拓展：类似的动词短语还有be regarded as（被认为是……）、be considered as（被看作是……）、be defined as（被定义为……）。） 6. 答案：were exhibited （知识点：时态语态，主语dozens of the cultural relics（数十件文物）与exhibit（展出）之间是被动关系，且描述的是过去发生的动作（展览期间的事情），故用一般过去时的被动语态were exhibited；核心：被动语态的构成：be + done，一般过去时的被动语态是was/were + done，主语是复数，用were；拓展：被动语态的使用场景：当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态，如The letter was written by him.） 7. 答案：to observe （知识点：非谓语动词中的不定式，此处用不定式to observe作后置定语，修饰perspective，意为“观察中国文明的独特视角”；核心：名词perspective、chance、ability、way等后常用不定式作后置定语，表“……的机会/能力/方式”；拓展：类似用法：a chance to go abroad（出国的机会），the ability to speak English（说英语的能力），a way to solve the problem（解决问题的方法）。） 8. 答案：material （知识点：词性转换，名词material（材料）转换为形容词material，作定语修饰culture，意为“物质文化”；核心：material作形容词时，意为“物质的、实际的”，与spiritual（精神的）相对；拓展：material的常见搭配：material life（物质生活），material needs（物质需求），material wealth（物质财富）；作名词时，还可意为“材料、素材”，如building materials（建筑材料），reading materials（阅读素材）。） 9. 答案：help （知识点：并列结构中的主谓一致，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词five key artifacts（复数），从句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词form和help，form是原形，故help也用原形；核心：并列结构中，两个谓语动词的时态、形式要保持一致；拓展：若and连接两个并列的主语，谓语动词用复数，如Tom and Jerry are good friends. 若连接两个并列的谓语，需与主语保持一致，如He sings and dances well.） 10. 答案：which （知识点：非限制性定语从句，先行词为the exhibition，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前文的展览这件事；核心：非限制性定语从句只能用which引导，不能用that、it，若用it会造成双主句、缺少连词的语法错误；本句与第二组举一反三第10题为同款结构，可相互印证；拓展：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句分隔，用于补充说明先行词，关系词不可省略，先行词为事物时统一用which。） 11. 答案：was packed （知识点：时态语态+固定搭配，be packed with意为“挤满了……”，主语the venue（场馆）与pack之间是被动关系，且描述的是过去发生的事情（音乐会举办时），故用一般过去时的被动语态was packed；核心：pack的常见搭配：pack sth up（打包某物），be packed with（挤满、塞满）；拓展：类似的短语还有be filled with（充满）、be crowded with（挤满），如The room was filled with flowers.） 12. 答案：to discover （知识点：固定搭配，be eager to do sth意为“渴望做某事”，此处指“许多非中国观众渴望通过传统音乐表演了解中国文化”；核心：eager是形容词，常见搭配：be eager to do sth（渴望做某事），be eager for sth（渴望某物）；拓展：类似的形容词还有anxious（焦虑的、渴望的），搭配为be anxious to do sth/be anxious about sth，如She is anxious to see her parents.） 13. 答案：offering （知识点：非谓语动词，此处用现在分词offering作伴随状语，主语the performance与offer为主动关系，与后文attracting并列，表表演同步带来的效果；核心：现在分词作伴随状语，表主动、同步发生的动作；拓展：分词作状语需匹配主语逻辑关系，主动用doing，被动用done。） 14. 答案：which （知识点：非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的several pieces（几首曲子），从句中both of后缺宾语，故用which引导；核心：非限制性定语从句中，先行词是物，且作介词宾语时，用which引导，不可用that；拓展：若先行词是人，作介词宾语时，用whom引导，如There are many students, some of whom are from foreign countries.） 15. 答案：composer （知识点：词性转换，动词compose（作曲、创作）转换为名词composer，意为“作曲家”，前面有a distinguished British修饰，故用单数形式；核心：动词+er构成名词，通常表示“做某事的人”，如teach→teacher（老师）、write→writer（作家）、compose→composer（作曲家）；拓展：compose的常见搭配：compose music（作曲），be composed of（由……组成），如The team is composed of 10 members.） 16. 答案：an （知识点：冠词的用法，ongoing是元音音素开头的单词，此处表示“一场持续的文化对话”，是泛指，故用不定冠词an；核心：不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前，表泛指“一个、一场”；拓展：元音音素开头的单词不仅包括a、e、i、o、u开头的单词，还包括以元音音素发音开头的单词，如an hour（一小时）、an honest man（一个诚实的人）；辅音音素开头的单词包括以辅音字母开头，且发音为辅音的单词，如a university（一所大学）、a European（一个欧洲人）。） 第二组 举一反三练习题（16题） 结合第二组知识点，完成下列长难句语法填空，侧重同类考点的灵活运用。 1. Technology develops rapidly, but some traditional skills remain, and a recent show of traditional crafts offered people an ______ (extreme) close look at traditional culture. 2. The teacher told us that success comes not from luck, ______ from hard work and persistence. 3. Having a ______ (splendor) history of more than 5,000 years, Chinese civilization ______ (stand) firmly in the world. 4. The archaeologists found many valuable cultural relics from 200 ancient ______ (village) in this area. 5. These rare plants are classified ______ national protected plants, which need special protection. 6. All the works of art ______ (show) in the gallery last month were created by young artists. 7. This book provides us with a new perspective ______ (understand) the importance of environmental protection. 8. The ______ (culture) heritage left by our ancestors is a precious treasure that we should cherish. 9. He collected many old photos that record the changes of the city and ______ (help) people remember the past. 10. Thinking about the project, ______ took us three months to complete, we all felt a sense of achievement. 11. The concert hall ______ (pack) with music lovers when the famous singer started his performance. 12. The children are eager ______ (visit) the zoo to see the cute pandas. 13. The artist held a personal exhibition, ______ (display) many of his latest works and winning high praise. 14. There are many interesting books in the library, some of ______ are my favorite. 15. Mozart, a famous Austrian ______ (compose), created many classic works that are still popular today. 16. This is ______ useful book that can help us improve our reading skills quickly. 第二组 举一反三答案 1. extremely 2. but 3. splendid；stands 4. villages 5. as 6. shown 7. to understand 8. cultural 9. help 10. which 11. was packed 12. to visit 13. displaying 14. which 15. composer 16. a 语法知识点总结（详细版） 一、词性转换（高频考点） 词性转换是语法填空的核心考点，主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词之间的转换，需掌握常见词缀及用法，形成知识网络。 1. 动词→名词 （1）动词+er：表示“做某事的人”，如compose（作曲）→composer（作曲家）、teach（教）→teacher（老师）、write（写）→writer（作家）、work（工作）→worker（工人）。 （2）动词+ment：表示“动作、状态或结果”，如develop（发展）→development（发展）、improve（提高）→improvement（提高）、argue（争论）→argument（争论）。 （3）动词+ion/ation：表示“动作、过程或结果”，如infect（感染）→infection（感染）、exhibit（展出）→exhibition（展览）、act（行动）→action（行动）。 （4）动词+ance/ence：表示“状态、性质”，如appear（出现）→appearance（外貌）、differ（不同）→difference（差异）、exist（存在）→existence（存在）。 2. 名词→形容词 （1）名词+ful：表示“充满……的”，如hope（希望）→hopeful（充满希望的）、beauty（美丽）→beautiful（美丽的）、care（关心）→careful（仔细的）。 （2）名词+ous：表示“具有……性质的”，如danger（危险）→dangerous（危险的）、glory（荣耀）→glorious（辉煌的）、fame（名声）→famous（著名的）。 （3）名词+able/ible：表示“可……的、能……的”，如eat（吃）→eatable（可食用的）、change（改变）→changeable（易变的）、possible（可能的）→impossible（不可能的）。 （4）名词+al：表示“与……有关的”，如nation（国家）→national（国家的）、culture（文化）→cultural（文化的）、material（材料）→material（物质的）。 3. 形容词→副词 （1）形容词+ly：大多数形容词变副词的规则形式，如easy（容易的）→easily（容易地）、exceptional（杰出的）→exceptionally（极其）、national（国家的）→nationally（在全国范围内）。 （2）以“y”结尾的形容词，变y为i加ly：如happy（快乐的）→happily（快乐地）、heavy（重的）→heavily（沉重地）、busy（忙碌的）→busily（忙碌地）。 （3）以“le”结尾的形容词，去e加y：如simple（简单的）→simply（简单地）、terrible（可怕的）→terribly（可怕地）、gentle（温柔的）→gently（温柔地）。 （4）特殊变化：如good（好的）→well（好地）、fast（快的）→fast（快地）、late（晚的）→late（晚地）/lately（最近）。 4. 动词→形容词 （1）动词+ed：表示“被……的、感到……的”，修饰人或与人相关的情感，如excite（使兴奋）→excited（兴奋的）、interest（使感兴趣）→interested（感兴趣的）、recommend（推荐）→recommended（被推荐的）。 （2）动词+ing：表示“令人……的”，修饰物或事情，如excite（使兴奋）→exciting（令人兴奋的）、interest（使感兴趣）→interesting（有趣的）、surprise（使惊讶）→surprising（令人惊讶的）。 二、非谓语动词（核心难点） 非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done），主要考查作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法，核心是判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系（主动/被动）和动作的先后顺序（进行/完成）。 1. 不定式（to do） （1）作目的状语：译为“为了……”，可位于句首（用逗号隔开）或句末，如To improve his English, he reads every morning. / He reads every morning to improve his English. 常见搭配：in order to do sth（为了做某事，可位于句首或句末）、so as to do sth（为了做某事，只能位于句末）。 （2）作后置定语：修饰名词（如chance、ability、way、perspective等），表“……的机会/能力/方式/视角”，如a chance to go abroad（出国的机会）、a perspective to observe（观察的视角）。 （3）作宾语补足语：常见于感官动词（see、watch、notice、hear等）和使役动词（make、let、have等）后，感官动词后接to do表“看到/听到某人做某事的全过程”，使役动词后接to do时需省略to（被动语态中恢复to），如He made me laugh. → I was made to laugh. 常见搭配：be eager to do sth（渴望做某事）、decide to do sth（决定做某事）、plan to do sth（计划做某事）。 2. 现在分词（doing） （1）作伴随状语：逻辑主语是句子主语，与doing之间是主动关系，表“同时发生的动作”，如He walked in the street, singing a song.（他在街上走，唱着歌。） （2）作定语：修饰名词，与名词之间是主动关系，表“正在进行的动作”或“具有某种性质的”，如a boy playing football（一个正在踢足球的男孩）、an interesting book（一本有趣的书）。 （3）作宾语补足语：常见于感官动词后，表“看到/听到某人正在做某事”，如I saw her dancing in the room.（我看到她正在房间里跳舞。） 常见搭配：prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth（阻止某人做某事），from后接动名词。 （4）作结果状语：表“自然而然的结果”，如He fell off the bike, breaking his leg.（他从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。） 3. 过去分词（done） （1）作定语：修饰名词，与名词之间是被动关系，表“被……的”或“完成的动作”，如a broken cup（一个破碎的杯子）、a book written by Lu Xun（一本鲁迅写的书）、a decision rooted in respect（一个植根于尊重的决定）。 （2）作状语：逻辑主语是句子主语，与done之间是被动关系，表“被动的动作”或“完成的动作”，如Seen from the top of the hill, the city is beautiful.（从山顶看，这座城市很美。） （3）作宾语补足语：常见于感官动词和使役动词后，表“宾语被……”，如I found the door locked.（我发现门被锁了。） 常见搭配：be done（被动语态），如The work was finished yesterday.（这项工作昨天被完成了。） 4. 动名词（doing） 动名词可作主语、宾语、表语，本质是“动词名词化”，如Eating more fibre is good for health.（作主语）、He enjoys playing football.（作宾语）、His hobby is reading.（作表语）。 注意：介词后接动名词，如prevent from doing sth、be good at doing sth、devote to doing sth。 三、定语从句（高频难点） 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，核心是判断先行词（被修饰的名词/代词），选择合适的关系词（who、whom、whose、which、that、when、where、why），掌握关系词的用法和区别。 1. 关系代词（who、whom、whose、which、that） （1）who：先行词是人，在从句中作主语，如The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.（穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。） （2）whom：先行词是人，在从句中作宾语（可省略），如The man whom I met yesterday is a doctor.（我昨天遇到的那个男人是一名医生。） 注意：介词后只能用whom，不能用that，如The person with whom I worked is very kind.（和我一起工作的那个人很善良。） （3）whose：先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语，意为“……的”，如The boy whose father is a teacher is very clever.（爸爸是老师的那个男孩很聪明。） / The house whose windows are broken is empty.（窗户破了的那栋房子是空的。） 可替换为“of which/whom”，如The house of which the windows are broken is empty.） （4）which：先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语，可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，如The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） / He bought a new bike, which cost him 2000 yuan.（他买了一辆新自行车，花了他2000元。） 注意：非限制性定语从句中不能用that，先行词是整个句子时，只能用which。 （5）that：先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，只能用于限制性定语从句，如The man that I saw yesterday is my uncle.（我昨天看到的那个男人是我叔叔。） / The book that is on the desk is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的。） 注意：以下情况不能用that，只能用which/who/whom：① 非限制性定语从句；② 介词后；③ 先行词被those、these、all、any等不定代词修饰时，可用that。 2. 关系副词（when、where、why） （1）when：先行词是时间（如day、year、time等），在从句中作时间状语，可替换为“介词+which”，如I still remember the day when I first went to school. = I still remember the day on which I first went to school.（我还记得我第一次上学的那一天。） （2）where：先行词是地点（如place、city、room等），在从句中作地点状语，可替换为“介词+which”，如This is the place where I was born. = This is the place in which I was born.（这是我出生的地方。） （3）why：先行词是reason（原因），在从句中作原因状语，可替换为“for which”，如The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. = The reason for which he was late is that he missed the bus.（他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。） 3. 非限制性定语从句的特点 （1）用逗号与主句隔开；（2）不能用that引导；（3）先行词可以是一个词、一个短语，甚至整个主句；（4）关系词不能省略；（5）译为“而、却、其中”等，补充说明主句内容，不影响主句的完整性。 四、名词性从句（核心考点） 名词性从句包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，核心是掌握引导词的用法，判断从句的句意和成分（是否缺成分、缺什么成分）。 1. 宾语从句 （1）定义：作动词、介词或形容词的宾语，如He said that he would come.（动词said的宾语）、I am interested in what he said.（介词in的宾语）、I am sure that he is right.（形容词sure的宾语）。 （2）引导词：① that：无意义，不充当成分，可省略（当宾语从句是并列句时，第二个that不能省略），如He said (that) he liked English and that he would study hard.；② whether/if：表“是否”，不充当成分，whether可用于介词后、不定式前，if不可，如I don’t know whether/if he will come. / I am thinking about whether to go.；③ what/which/who/whom/whose：表“什么/哪一个/谁”，在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语；④ how/where/when/why：表“如何/在哪里/什么时候/为什么”，在从句中充当状语。 2. 主语从句 （1）定义：作句子的主语，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，避免句子头重脚轻，如It is important that we should study hard.（真正的主语是that we should study hard）。 （2）引导词：与宾语从句的引导词一致，如That he will come is certain.（that引导主语从句，不能省略） / It is certain that he will come.（it作形式主语） / Whether he will come is uncertain.（whether引导主语从句，不能用if）。 3. 表语从句 （1）定义：作系动词（be、look、seem、become等）的表语，如The fact is that he is wrong.（系动词is的表语）。 （2）引导词：与宾语从句的引导词一致，注意：reason作主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用because，如The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.（不能用because）。 4. 同位语从句 （1）定义：修饰名词（如fact、news、belief、idea、suggestion等），说明名词的具体内容，如The news that he won the game made us happy.（that从句说明news的内容）。 （2）引导词：常用that，无意义，不充当成分，不能省略；也可用whether（表“是否”），如I have no idea whether he will come.（我不知道他是否会来。） 五、时态和语态（基础考点） 时态主要考查一般过去时、一般现在时、现在完成时，语态主要考查一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态，核心是判断动作发生的时间和主语与动作的关系（主动/被动）。 1. 一般过去时 （1）标志词：yesterday、last week、earlier in February、in 2020、just now等，表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 （2）结构：主语+动词过去式+其他，如He went to school yesterday.（他昨天去上学了。） 常见动词过去式：draw→drew、pack→packed、exhibit→exhibited、stand→stood。 2. 一般现在时 （1）标志词：every day、usually、often、always、generally等，表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理。 （2）结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数+其他，主语是第三人称单数时，动词加s/es，如He plays football every day.（他每天踢足球。） / The earth goes around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。） 3. 被动语态 （1）定义：当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态，结构：be + done（过去分词）。 （2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + done，如The exhibition was held last month.（这场展览上个月举办的。） / The cultural relics were exhibited to the public.（这些文物被展出给公众。） （3）一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + done，如The book is written by Lu Xun.（这本书是鲁迅写的。） / These plants are protected by the government.（这些植物被政府保护。） （4）注意：不及物动词（如happen、appear、rise等）没有被动语态，如The accident happened yesterday.（不能说The accident was happened yesterday.） 六、冠词（基础考点） 冠词包括不定冠词（a、an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词，核心是掌握泛指、特指的用法，以及a和an的区别。 1. 不定冠词（a、an） （1）用法：表泛指“一个、一场、一件”，用于可数名词单数前。 （2）区别：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前，如a book（一本书）、a university（一所大学）、an apple（一个苹果）、an hour（一小时）、an ongoing dialogue（一场持续的对话）。 （3）注意：元音音素开头的单词，不仅是a、e、i、o、u开头，还包括发音为元音的单词，如an hour（/ˈaʊə(r)/）、an honest man（/ˈɒnɪst/）；辅音音素开头的单词包括以辅音字母开头，且发音为辅音的单词，如a university（/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/）、a European（/ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/）。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $