Unit 2 Morals And Virtues 单元知识要点与语法梳理 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues知识要点 单词&短语解析 知识点1：moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n.品行；道德；寓意→_____________ adv.道德上;有道德地;确实地→_____________ n.道德，品行，正当性→_____________ adj.不道德的;邪恶的 【解析】moral dilemma _____________ moral kidnapping 道德绑架 moral responsibility 道义上的责任 moral sense 道德感 moral values 道德观念 moral behaviour 道德行为 moral character 道德品质 moral standards 道德准则 public morals 公共道德 a person of high moral 品德高尚的人 ①We have a moral responsibility.我们有道义上的责任。 ②Young people today have different moral values. 如今的年轻人有不同的道德观念。 ③He felt morally responsible for the accident.他觉得在道义上应对这次事故负责。 ④All moral education aims to cultivate moral behaviour.所有的道德教育都是为了培养道德行为。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Films of this type help to build up children's moral ________(感觉). ②The issue raises a ________ (morally) dilemma. ③My father has always had high ________ (morally) standards. (2)单句写作 ①中国人最基本的道德观之一是诚实。 One of the most basic ________________ for Chinese is honesty. ②道德品质是一个人素质的主要方面。 ________________ is an important aspect of the quality of people. ③这事不算违法，但在道德上是错误的。 It isn't unlawful, but it's ______________________. 知识点2：virtue n.高尚的道德;美德; 优点，长处 【解析】______ virtue of 凭借，由于 =_______ means of =because ________ 【注意】virtual adj._____________→virtually adv.事实上，几乎；虚拟地 【练一练】 1. In modern society, punctuality is a necessary ____________(美德). 2. One of his _____________ (virtue) is that he never gets angry. 3. He was promoted _________ virtue of his ability. 知识点3：dilemma n.进退两难的境地; 困境 【解析】moral dilemma _____________ be _______ a dilemma 处于两难境地 be faced __________ a dilemma 面临困境=face a dilemma place/put sb ________ a dilemma 使某人处于困境 get _________ of a dilemma 摆脱两难的处境 on the horns of a dilemma 进退维谷，左右为难 raise a dilemma 引发两难困境 (1)单句语法填空 ①Joe found himself ________ the horns of a dilemma. ②The bad weather places us ______ a dilemma—shall we move on or go back? ③I am grateful that you help me get out of the dilemma I was ______ a dilemma. ④Sometimes, you may fall into a dilemma __________ you find it hard to decide what to do. (2)单句写作 ①是否向病人讲明实情，医生感到进退两难。 The doctor was ________________ whether he should tell the patient the truth. ②________________________, we should think twice and make a right choice. 面对困境，我们应该三思而后行，做出正确的选择。 知识点4：faint vi.昏倒，晕厥 adj.(1) 眩晕的，虚弱的 (2) (光、声、味等) 微弱的；微小的(slight）→____________ adv.微弱地→______________ n. 微弱 【解析】a faint _____________ 淡淡一笑 a faint _____________ 微弱的光 a faint _____________ 一丝希望 a faint _________/________ 模糊的记忆/微弱的声音 faint possibility 微小的可能性 faint _______/________ 因...而昏倒 faint __________ 昏过去；消失 (1)单句语法填空 ①The little boy who ran away from home fainted ________ hunger. ②The sound fainted ________ in the distance. (2)单句写作 她的病还有一点点希望可以治愈。 There is still ______________________ that she may be cured. 知识点5：illustrate v.(用示例、图画等)说明，阐明; 给(书或文章)加插画→_____________ n.说明，阐明→_____________ n.插图画家→_____________ adj.说明的；作例证的；解说的 【解析】illustrate sth _________ sth 用……说明……，给…配上插图 illustrate + that 从句 表明…；说明…。 an _____________ textbook 有插图的教科书 【单句语法填空】 1. ___________ (illustrate) my point, let me tell you a little story. 2. Each book is beautifully __________(illustrate). 3. The manufacturing methods will ____________(illustrate) in the next chapter. 4. Debbie Powell is a London-based __________(illustrate) with a love of printmaking and drawing by hand. 知识点6：precious adj.珍稀的; 宝贵的→_____________ adv.珍贵地→______________ n.珍贵 【解析】be precious _______ sb.对某人来说很珍贵 【拓展】cherish vt.___________ previous adj._____________ 【练一练】 1. Nothing is ____________ (precious) to me than my good health. 2. Rain in spring is as precious _______ oil. 春雨贵如油。 3. Don't idle away your ___________(珍贵的) time. 别闲磨大好时光！ 知识点7：entrust vt.委托；交付 【解析】entrust sth _______ sb= entrust sb _________ sth将某物委托给某人 Eg. He entrusted the task _______ his nephew. He entrusted his nephew ________ the task. 【拓展】distrust v./n.______________ 知识点8：carry sb _____________ sth 帮助某人渡过难关 【拓展】与carry有关的短语： (1) carry ________ 实施；履行；执行 (2) carry ________ doing/with sth. 开展，坚持，继续 (3) carry through 顺利完成，进行到底 (4) carry ___________ 继承，弘扬 (5) carry over (情况变化时) 继续下去 【巩固内化】单句语法填空 ❶Her confidence and self-discipline helped _______ her________ . 她的信心和自律帮助她渡过了难关。 ❷She needed a clear head to_________ her instructions. 她需要一个清醒的头脑来执行命令。 ➌ You will wear yourself out if you_________ working so hard. 你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。 知识点9：_______________ n.结婚，婚姻→marry v.结婚→_____________ adj.已婚的→________________ adj.未婚的 【解析】marry sb 与某人结婚 be/get married (_______ sb) 与……结婚 marry sb _______ sb 把某人嫁给某人 【巩固内化】单句语法填空 1. _________(marry) is the tomb of love. 2. They're getting _________(marry) next month. 3. They _____________ (marry) to each other for 20 years. 4. Jane got married ________ her husband immediately after graduation. 知识点10：______________ n.大部分；大多数→major v.主修 n.主修专业,主修学生 adj.重要的,主要的→(反)_____________ adj.少数的→_____________ n.少数；少数民族 【解析】be _______ the majority 占多数 major ________ 主修…… the majority of +不可数名词＋谓语单数 大多数… +复数名词＋谓语复数 the majority 大多数，大部分 an English major 英语专业的学生 (1)单句语法填空 ①The ________ (major) of my patients come to me from out of town. ②What subject are you planning to major ________？ ③With the prices going up, the majority of people ________ (find) it hard to live on the amount of money they get. ④An agreement (协议) seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ (be) against it. ⑤We live in the country where women are _______ the majority. ⑥The majority of the damage _______ easy to repair. (2)单句写作 在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。 The white are ________________ in Australia while the native people ________________. 知识点11：complain v.抱怨; 埋怨; 发牢骚→______________ n.抱怨 【解析】 (1)complain (to sb ) _________/____(doing)sth…（向某人）抱怨某事 complain (_______ sb.) that+句子 (向某人)抱怨…… (2)complaint n.抱怨 make a complaint ______ sb. _________ sth.向某人抱怨某事 a letter of complaint _____________ (1)单句语法填空 ①The American couple complained ________ the high cost of visiting Europe. ②I'm going to complain ________ the manager about this. ③I have a number of _________ (complain) about the hotel room you’ve given me. ④It's no use _______________(complain) without taking action. (2)单句写作 ①她说自己头疼，很早就离开了。 She left early, ____________ a headache. ②人们常抱怨孩子花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 People often ____________ children spend too much time on computer games. ③我写信是为了向你投诉这家店的服务质量。 I'm writing to ___________________________________________ in the store. 知识点12：tuition n. (小组)教学；讲课；（尤指学院、大学或私立学校的）学费（不可数名词） 【解析】college tuition 大学学费 tuition fees _____________ 【拓展】tutor n.家庭教师，私人教师；导师，指导教师 v.指导，辅导，担任私人教师 知识点13：fee n. (可数名词)专业服务费；报酬 【常用搭配】school fees _____________ medical fees _____________ legal fees _____________ admission fee _____________ tuition fee _____________ membership fee _____________ 【辨析】fee, fare, expense, charge, cost&price price 商品标价，售价 cost 成本+付出的代价(金钱/时间/精力) fee 专业服务费，会员费，报名费等 expense 日常生活开销，开支等 charge 商家/服务方主动收取的费用 fare 只用于交通工具票价 知识点14：respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→____________ n.反应;回答;回复 【解析】respond ______ sb/sth　　对……做出反应/答复 _____ response _______ 为了回应；作为对……的回应 make a / no response ______ (对……)做出/不回应 (1)单句语法填空 ①Receiving a text does not mean you need to ________ (response) to it. ②________ response to the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week. ③The teacher kindly made a response ________ the questions that student put forward. ④I knocked on the door but there was no ______________(respond). (2)单句写作 ①如果我们收到这类信件，我们会做出回应的。 If we receive such a letter, we will ____________ it. ②应委内瑞拉的要求召开了这次会议。 The meeting was called ________________ a request from Venezuela. 知识点15：union n.协会;联合会;工会→ unite v.统一;联合;联手;团结→united adj.联合的; 统一的; 团结的 【解析】the Students’ Union=the Student Union _______________ trade union ________ 知识点16：scholarship n._____________→scholar n._____________ 知识点17：hire vt.聘用；雇用；租用 n.租界;租 【解析】hire sb __________ sth 雇佣某人做某事 hire out 出租 on hire 出租的 for hire 可出租 【拓展】fire/dismiss/lay off vt._____________ (1)单句语法填空 ①The company hires ________ machinery by the day. ②They also let bicycles out ________ hire. (2)单句写作 ①要召开这样的会议，我们应该租一个大礼堂。 We should ________ a hall ____________ such a meeting. ②杰克被聘用为一家大型高新技术公司的新的首席执行官。 Jack ________________ the new CEO of a large high­tech corporation. 知识点18：physician n.医师，内科医生→surgeon n._____________ 【解析】resident physician _____________ 【拓展】physics n._____________ physical adj._____________ 知识点19：colleague n.同事;同僚=_______________=_____________ 【拓展】follow v. 跟随; 跟着 fellow n. 家伙; 同事 adj.同类的，同伴的 知识点20：reject v.拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收=turn _________=__________=_____________→_______________ n.拒绝；抛弃；否决 【解析】reject (___________) sth拒绝(做)某事 refuse _____________ sth拒绝做 reject sb. 拒绝接受某人 reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan 拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划 reject a proposal / decision / an argument 拒绝接受一个提议/决定/论点 【巩固内化】单句语法填空 ①He __________ (reject) from the factory because of laziness. ②Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary. ③I absolutely ________ (refuse/reject) to take part in anything that’s illegal. 知识点21：appoint v.任命;委派→________________ n.任命；约定→______________ adj.约定的；指定的 【解析】appoint sb _______/_______ …… 任命某人为…… appoint sb ___________ sth 任命某人去做某事 appoint sth. for sth. 为(某事)约定(时间) make/have an appointment ______ sb. 与某人预约/约会 keep/break an/the appointment 守/违(爽)约 (1)单句语法填空 ①We are pleased to appoint you ________ our agent in Japan. ②September 1 was appointed ________ the ceremony. ③They made an ________ (appoint) for the second day of May. ④Our headmaster appointed me ____________(introduce) the Chinese culture of tea arts to foreign exchange students. ⑤Make sure you have understood all the details and try to get there a few minutes before the ___________ (appoint) time. (2)单句写作 ①他已被指派做红十字会的工作。 He has been appointed ________ a job ________ the Red Cross. ②如果你想看医生，最好事先跟他预约好。 If you want to see the doctor, you'd better ________________ him in advance. ③Learning that he __________________________________________, he is filled with joy.得知被选为学生会主席，他满怀喜悦。 知识点22：clinic n._________________ 知识点23：faraway adj._____________ 【拓展】far away 在远处 知识点24：elect v.选举;推选; 决定→_____________ n.选举;推选→____________ adj.当选的 【解析】elect ____________ sth.选择/决定做某事 elect sb. (__________/_______) ... 选举某人为… elect sb. _____________o sth.选举某人做某事 a general election _____________ win/lose an election 选举获胜/失败 announce an election 宣布选举 vote in an election 参加投票选举 (1)单句语法填空 ①This is what will happen if you elect a lawyer ________ (be) the president. ②The ________ (elect) was held six months ahead of schedule. ③They always elect a reliable person ________ monitor. (2)单句写作 ①首相即将宣布举行大选。 The prime minister is about to __________________. ②她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。 She became the first black woman to ________________ the Senate. 知识点25：____________ n.(可数） 十年;十年期 知识点26: elsewhere adv._____________ 知识点27: tend v.照顾; 照料; 倾向; 趋于→____________ n.趋势 【解析】tend (to) sb 照顾，照料 tend ___________ sth 往往，倾向于 tend _________/___________ sth 倾向于... ; 有...的趋势 have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事 There is a tendency that... 有一种趋势/倾向 the tendency of... ....的趋势 (1)单句语法填空 ①There is a growing ________ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in the office. ②I tend ________ (have) a different answer, depending on the family. ③Personally, I tend ________ the second plan you offered. ④Sofia was in the bedroom tending _________ her sick mother. (2)单句写作 ①大势趋向于和平。 The ____________ events is towards peace. ②我个人觉得，俱乐部成员工作还是不错的。 I ____________ think that members of the club do a good job. ③这位病人很容易昏倒，所以我们要耐心照顾她。 This patient ____________, so we should _____ her _________. 知识点28: publish vt.出版；发表作品→_____________ n.出版；发行→_____________ n.出版者，出版商；发行人 知识点29: staff n.员工; 全体职员 【解析】staff+动词单数/复数 知识点30: retire vi. & vt.退休；退职；(因伤)退出→_____________ n.退休→___________ adj.退休的→______________ n.退休人员 【解析】retire ____________... 从……退休 retire __________... 从……职位上退休 【练一练】 1. At age 68, he retired ___________ the post office, but he never stopped serving the community. 2. He has no plans to retire _____________ the editor of the magazine. 3. She is a ___________(retire) doctor, but many people are sad about her ___________(retire). 知识点31: _____________ n.节省物;节省;节约；(复数)储蓄金;存款→save v.救; 储蓄; 攒钱; 收集; 收藏 【解析】(1)n.[C]节省物; 节省; 节约 make a saving/savings 节省 a saving on energy 能源节约 (2)n.[复数]储蓄金; 存款 open a savings account 开储蓄账户 【拓展】energy-saving 节能的 labour-saving 节省人力的 space-saving 节省空间的 【练一练】 1. Buy three and make ____ saving of 55 pennies. 2. He put all his _____________(save) into buying a boat. 知识点32: kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园 【解析】go to kindergarten 上幼儿园 知识点33: principle n.道德原则; 法则; 原则→principal adj.最重要的,主要的 n.校长 【解析】_______ principle 理论上；基本上 on principle 按照原则 【练一练】 1. I agree with the idea ______ principle, but I have doubts about the details. 2. He is a man of high _____________(原则). 知识点34: passive adj.被动的；顺从的；消极的→______________ adv.被动地，消极地 【拓展】【反】____________ adj.乐观的；积极的 ___________ adj.主动的；积极的 passive voice 被动语态 【练一练】 1. He played a passive role ________ the relationship. 2. The use case steps are written in the active rather than __________(被动的) voice. 知识点35: _____________ adj.害怕的; 对…感到惊慌/恐惧的=__________/___________/___________→____________ adj.吓人的，恐怖的→scare v.惊吓; 使害怕 【解析】be scared _______ sth/ doing sth. 害怕某物/ 做某事 be scared __________ sth 害怕做某事 scare... __________/___________ 吓走/吓跑… scare sb. ________/__________f doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做/不敢做某事 scare sb. ________ death把某人吓得要死 a ____________ look 惊恐的表情 [巩固内化] 单句语法填空 ①When we are getting excited, angry or _______ (scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes. ②The atmosphere was _______ and we felt ________ staying in the room. (scare) ③We were all scared _______ (go) to the cemetery. ④The lack of hard science is enough _________________ (吓跑) my friend. ⑤She was __________________ (害怕进入) the yard because she was __________________ (害怕被咬) by the big dog lying at the gate. ⑥They scared him into ___________ (hand) over the keys. ⑦We'll scare her out of _________ (tell) the police. 知识点36: sharp adj.锋利的，尖的；(感观) 敏锐的; (人) 机灵的；(言辞等) 尖刻的，严厉的；(角度、变化)急剧的；剧烈的，猛烈的；尖厉的，刺耳的 adv. (指时刻)整点，正点 →_____________ v.使变锋利→_____________ adv.急剧地，严厉地→sharpener n._____________ 【解析】be sharp with 对……严厉 a sharp knife 锋利的刀 a sharp rise/increase 急剧上升 sharp eyes 敏锐的眼睛 sharp criticism 尖锐的批评 a sharp cry 尖叫 a sharp bend 急转弯 【练一练】写出下列句中sharp的含义 (1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes. _____________ (2)Unfortunately, her condition took a sharp turn for the worse. _____________ (3)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was peeling apples. __________ 知识点37: _____________ n.保险; 保险业→insure v.确保；为…投保→ensure v.确保，保证 【解析】pay insurance on... 交...的保险金 an insurance company 保险公司 insurance against 以防 【拓展】accept v. → acceptance n. annoy v. → annoyance n. appear v. → appearance n. perform v. → performance n. guide v. → guidance n. ignore v. → ignorance n. enter v. → entrance n. 知识点38: ______________ adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.能源；能量；精力→________________ adv.精力充沛地;充满活力地→______________ v.使充满热情 【解析】be full ______ energy 精力充沛的 have the energy ____________ sth 有精力做某事 [巩固内化]单句语法填空 ① To his satisfaction, the poet found the composer_____________(energy). ② She's always full_______ energy . ③She put all her ________ (energy) into her work. [衔接高考] ①When it comes to renewable _____________(energy),what occur to me are solar energy and wind energy. ②(2018.全国I)Running is cheap, easy and it's always _____________ (energy). 知识点39: replace v.接替; 取代; 更换→_______________ n.代替，更换；取代 【解析】replace A _________/_______ B 用B代替/取代A replace sb/sth _________ ... 取代某人/某物成为…… 【拓展】代替： take the place of =take one’s place in place of =in one’s place instead of 【学会运用】单句语法填空 ①I cannot replace you ________ her assistant. ②We are hard to find a ____________ (replace) for our assistant. ③It is not a good idea to replace meals _____ snacks. ④Such software can __________ (replace) with commercial software or simply taken out of service. 【学会表达】完成句子 ⑤我认为未来实体商店购物不会被网络购物取代。 I don't think physical shopping ___________________________ in the future. 知识点40: accident n.事故;车祸;失事→_______________ adj.意外的→_______________ adv.意外地 【解析】_______ accident/chance/mistake=accidentally 偶然地，意外地，错误地 ________ design = _______ purpose=deliberately 有意地, 故意地 have an accident 出事故 【拓展】incident n.事变；冲突 【练一练】根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。 1. His left knee was hurt in______ traffic accident. 2. The train had an _____________(事故) and many passengers were injured. 3. The baby knocked the vase off ________ accident. 4. Meeting you was the most ______________(accident) beauty in the world. 5. He hurt himself ______________(accident). 知识点41: _____________ n.手术；企业；经营→operate v.操作; 使用; 动手术→_____________ n.操作员;经营者 【解析】be _______ operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中 come/go into operation开始工作/生效 put/bring sth. into operation 实施；实行 operate _______/________ sb. 给某人动手术=have an operation _______ sb/sth. 【拓展】cooperation n.合作 “经营， 管理”表达：___________；operate；_________ 【练一练】 1. The device has a single button, allowing for easy _________ (operate). 2. She’s going to need an operation _______ her shoulder. 3. The lab is ________ operation. The move for the Engineers should be completed next week. 4. They were trying to reduce ____________ (operate) costs. 知识点42: whisper v.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声); 传言; 谣传 【解析】whisper (sth.) ______ sb 对某人耳语(某事) _______ a whisper/whispers 低声地 whisper about sth 密谈某事 It is whispered that.. 有人私下传播... (1)单句语法填空 ①She is whispering ________ her sister. ②She is whispering a story ________ her daughter. ③She said it in ________ whisper, so I didn't hear. (2)单句写作 ①有人私下说他将不久于人世，他果然去世了。 ________________ that he would soon die and he did. ②他们坐在房间的后面，低声交谈。 They sat at the back of the room, talking __________. 知识点43: midnight n.子夜;午夜 【解析】______ midnight 在半夜 【拓展】at _____________ 在黎明；at _____________ 在黎明；at _____________在中午； at _____________ 在黄昏；at _____________ 晚上 知识点44: import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进→_____________ adj.进口的→export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播→_____________ adj.出口的 知识点45: pole n. (行星的)极; 地极;磁极→_____________ adj.极地的;极的 【解析】the North Pole _____________ the South Pole _____________ 知识点46: lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈 v.（水）轻拍，轻打；（动物）舔，舐 【解析】on/in one’s lap 在某人的腿上 【拓展】laptop n.笔记本电脑 知识点47: bite vt. & vi. (过去式________, 过去分词______________) 咬；叮；蛰 n.（咬下的）一口；咬伤 【解析】take a bite of... 咬..... give sb. a bite 咬了某人 bite one’s lip 竭力忍住不说话;抑制情感的流露 be bitten by sth 热衷于某物,被...咬了 bite the bullet 咬紧牙关 知识点48: lip n.嘴唇 【解析】bite one’s lip 竭力忍住不说话;抑制情感的流露 【拓展】lipstick n._____________ 知识点49: assist v.帮助; 援助→_____________ n.帮助; 援助→_____________ n.助手; 助理; 副手 【解析】assist sb __________/____________ sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb __________/________ sth 在某方面帮助某人 come to one’s _____________ 援助某人 _________ the assistance/help of... 在……的帮助下 assist at 作陪，在场帮忙 be of assistance 有用，有帮助 【词语积累】a senior assistant高级助理 a personal assistant私人助理 a shop assistant店员 (1)单句语法填空 ①He assisted the old man ________ (fill) in the forms. ②We're sure to assist ________ your wedding. ③He gave ________ (assist) to me when I was in trouble. (2)单句写作 ①这位年轻的女护士首次当手术助手时，心情非常紧张。 The young nurse was very nervous when she ____________ her first operation. ②夫妻间有义务互帮互助。 Husband and wife have the duty to support and ________________. 知识点50: aid [C&U] n.支持；救助；资助；帮助；辅助设备 v.支持；援助；帮助 【解析】（1）be an aid to/for 对...有帮助 ________ the aid of 在...的帮助下 in aid of 为了帮助... come / go to one’s aid 援助某人 do/give/offer first aid 给予急救 a hearing aid _____________ financial aid 经济援助 teaching aid 教学工具 first aid ___________ first aid kit ____________ （2）aid sb. ________ sth 在某事帮助某人 aid sb. in____________ sth 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. _____________ sth 帮助某人做某事 (1)单句语法填空 ①The collection is in aid ________ the disabled. ②He came to the aid ________ the hurt man. ③Tom's uncle aided him in ________ (get) a new job. (2)单句写作 我们必须学习有关健康的知识和基本的急救知识。 We need to learn about good health and basic ________. (3)一句多译 我们前来援助索马里的民众渡过难关。 ①We're coming to aid the people of Somalia ________________ their hard life. ②We're coming to aid the people of Somalia ________________ their hard life. ③We're coming to aid the people of Somalia ________ their hard life. 知识点51: pass away ___________ 【解析】pass sb sth= pass sth _______ sb 把某物递给某人 pass by ________________ pass down ________________ pass on ________________ pass out ________________ pass through ________________ pass around ________________ 知识点52: ________________ n.主席;主持人;董事长→chair v.主持 n.椅子→pl. ________________ 知识点53: ________________ n.记忆力;回忆→memorize vt.记住；背熟→________________ adj.难忘的=unforgettable 【解析】________ memory of =_______ honor of 作为对...的纪念 【拓展】memorial adj.记忆的，纪念的，追悼的 n.纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念仪式，纪念物 in praise of 赞美；歌颂 in honour of 纪念；向……表达敬意 in search of 寻找 in charge of 负责；掌管 in control of 控制 [巩固内化]单句语法填空 ①You have ____ excellent memory, but I’d forgotten having ever told you the place. ②The object of great interest at the temple was a large marble tower built ___ memory of Buddha. ③The Dragon Boat Festival was set up ____________ (为了纪念) a great Chinese poet in ancient time. 知识点54: chain n.一连串(人或事);链子;链条 v.用锁链拴住；拘禁，束缚 【解析】______ chain of 一连串的;一系列的 chain store ___________ 知识点55: cafe n.咖啡馆 【拓展】coffee n.咖啡 知识点56: ________________ n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者→________________ n.男服务员; 男侍者→wait v./n.等待 【拓展】actor n.男演员—— ______________ n.女演员 host n.男主人—— ______________ n.女主人 知识点57: pregnant adj.怀孕的; 妊娠的→________________ n.怀孕（期），妊娠（期） 【解析】be pregnant ________… 怀上... give birth to… 生(孩子/动物) 知识点58: disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 【解析】disguise oneself ________ 伪装成；化装成 _______ disguise 化了装地；乔装改扮地 There's no disguising the fact that... 无法掩饰的事实是…… 【练一练】 ① I thought maybe you were a policeman _______ disguise. ② She disguised herself _______ a man so she could fight on the battlefield. 知识点59: spill v.(使)洒出; (使)溢出→过去式：________________→________________ 【解析】spill out 倾诉，涌出 spill over 溢出，漫出；波及 spill sth. on/over sth. 把某物洒在……上 【拓展】spit v.________________ 知识点60: trip ____________ (sth.) 被…绊倒（主动表被动） 【拓展】trip v.绊; 绊倒; 将…绊倒; 使跌倒→过去式/过去分词__________ n.旅行; 旅游 知识点61: limp vi.跛行;一瘸一拐地走 【拓展】lame adj.跛的; 瘸的 sb be lame/blind/deaf in... 某人(腿/眼睛/耳朵)是瘸的/瞎的/聋的 知识点62: tear n.眼泪; 泪水 v.撕破；撕掉，拔掉→过去式_________→过去分词________→___________ adj.撕破的 【解析】（1）burst _________ tears =burst _________ crying 突然大哭起来 burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 be bathed ________ tears 泪流满面 be close _______ tears 快流泪了 hold ___________ one's tears 强忍住泪水 _________ tears 流着泪；含着泪 move sb. _________ tears 感动到落泪 reduce sb. ________ tears (=make sb. cry) 把某人弄哭 shed (a) tear(s) 流泪，掉眼泪 wear and tear ________________ tear one's heart out 使…心碎欲裂 crocodile tears ________________ （2）tear apart 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除，拆掉 tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等) tear sth. into/to pieces 把某物撕成碎片 tear sth. in half/two 将...撕成两半 (1)单句语法填空 ①The last act was so touching, the whole audience was tears. ②She closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt to hold back the (tear)． ③The children were told to tear the paper pieces. (2)单句写作 他恼羞成怒，把信撕成两半。 Angry and bored, he the letter . 知识点63: harm n./v.伤害; 损害→________________ adj.有害的→________________ adj.无害的 【解析】be _______ great harm 危害极大的 do sb/sth harm=do harm _______ sb/sth 对某人/物有害 There is no harm (in) ____________ sth 做某事无害处,不妨做某事 be harmful ______ sb /sth 对...有害 [巩固内化]单句语法填空 1. The court case will do serious harm _____ my business. 2. Staying up too late will be ____ great harm to one’s health. 3. They are not always willing to take on untrained workers, but there’s no harm _____ asking. 4. Water is not an effective shield against the sun’s more _______ (harm) rays. 知识点64: despair n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 【解析】_______ despair 绝望地；处于绝望中 be the despair of sb 令某人担心 (或绝望)； despair of sb/sth/doing sth 对做某事绝望 / 失去信心 【拓展】desperate adj.________________ 【练一练】 ① I could do nothing but race from his room _______ despair. ② He did not despair _______ victory in the end. 知识点65: might n.________________ →mighty adj.强有力的，巨大的 (情态动词)可能; 可以 知识点66: a great deal (of) 大量，许多 【解析】a great deal of＋___________名词 大量的…… 【拓展】a great deal “非常”，修饰动词/比较级 知识点67: court n.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭 【搭配】tennis court 网球场 go to court 上法庭 appear in court 出庭 take sb. to court 把某人带上法庭 知识点68: _____________ adj.灵活的;可变通的→flex v.弯曲，曲折（四肢，关节）；活动→______________ adv.灵活地→________________ n.灵活性→________________ adj.（材料）坚硬的，不能弯曲的 【词性拓展】able adj.→ ability n.； capable adj.→ capability n.； possible adj.→ possibility n.； responsible adj.→ responsibility n. 【练一练】 一、根据句意，选出下列句子中flexible的释义。 a. 可变通的；灵活的 b. 易弯曲的；柔韧的 1. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments.______ 2. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. ______ 二、翻译下列句子。 1. 弹性的工作时间是女性择业考虑的重要因素。 ___________________ are a major career consideration for women. 2. 他在这个问题上寸步不让。 He’s completely _______ on the subject. 知识点69: income n.收入;收益 【拓展】outcome n.________________ 知识点70: therefore adv.因此;所以=___________=________=__________=consequently 知识点71: ________________ n.紧张关系; 紧张; 焦虑→tense adj.紧张的，焦虑的；绷紧的=________________=________________ v.绷紧 n.（动词的）时态 【拓展】confuse v.→ confusion n. revise v.→ revision n. compete v.→ competition n. invite v.→ invitation n. decide v.→ decision n. solve v.→ solution n. apply v.→ application n. 句型剖析 句型一： 1 Did you hear that James helped an old woman who fell down while crossing the street？(教材P15) 你听说过詹姆斯帮助了一个过马路时摔倒的老太太吗？ 剖析 该句中that引导宾语从句，其中who fell down while crossing the street是定语从句，while crossing the street是时间状语从句的省略情况，其完整形式应为while she was crossing the street。 归纳 拓展 ①When (he was) asked why he didn't take part in the race, he said nothing but smiled. 当被问及他为什么没参加这次赛跑时，他什么也没说，只是微笑了一下。 ②He will not come unless (he is) invited.除非被邀请，否则他不会来。 ③Although (he is) badly thought of in the company, the man always works hard. 他虽然在公司里不被器重，但是一直以来还是努力工作。 ④When (you are) using this machine you must remember these.在使用这台机器时，你必须记住这些。 (1)单句语法填空 ①While ________ (compete) with his teammates, he hurt his leg. ②If ________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon. ③There are some health problems that, if not ________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. ④They got engaged when ________ (travel) in Europe. (2)单句写作 即便是在住院期间，他也尽其所能地帮助别人。 Even while __________________，he tried to help others with all his might. 句型二： 2 But I don't think it's the right thing to do. Do you？(教材P15) 但我认为那样做不正确，你呢？ 剖析 本句中I don't think为否定转移句。 归纳 拓展 ①I don't think he is right.我认为他不对。 ②We don't suppose such things will happen.我们认为这样的事不会发生。 ③I don't believe you two have met, have you?我想你们两人以前没见过面，对吧？ ④We don't believe he will do harm to the animals, will he?我们相信他不会伤害动物，他会那样做吗？ (1)单句语法填空 ①I don't think Tom got lost in the theme park, ________ he? ②We ________ believe so many crops could be gathered in overnight, could they? (2)单句写作 ①我相信他今晚不会来。 I ________________ he ________________ tonight. ②我认为这个人不能按时完成工作，对吗？ I ____________________ the man ________ finish the work on time, ________________？ ③她认为你不了解它，是吗？ She doesn't think you know it, ________________？ 句型三： 3 These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of the amazing woman, and what carried her through life of hard choices.(教材P16) 林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。 剖析 本句中名词短语 the heart of the amazing woman和名词性从句what carried her through life of hard choices是and连接的并列成分，它们都是介词into 的宾语。 归纳 拓展 ①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 过去认为不可能的事现在已经变成现实。(主语从句) ②No one can tell what will happen next. 没人能够预见往后会发生什么。(宾语从句) ③This book is just what I have been looking for. 这本书正是我一直在找寻的那本书。(表语从句) ④I have no idea what he is doing.我不知道他正在做什么。(同位语从句) ⑤What we need is more information about trading. 我们所需要的是更多有关贸易的信息。(主语从句，what在从句中作宾语) ⑥The girl is no longer what she used to be.这姑娘不再是过去的样子。(表语从句，what在从句中作表语。) that也可以引导名词性从句，但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中不作任何句子成分。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ worried her was ________ her son was addicted to computer games. ②She is talking about ________ she experienced in Beijing last week. ③I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. (2)单句写作 ①他说的是真的。 ________________________ was true. ②他已不是10年前的他了。 He is no longer __________________ ten years ago. 句型四： 4 Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.(教材P18) 尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。 剖析 本句中 whatever 引导名词性从句，相当于anything that ... 归纳 拓展 ①Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。 ②We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (宾语从句) 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。 ③Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ you do, don't upset the little kids. ②________ passes here would stop to admire the scenery. ③Some people can always enjoy themselves ________ they are. (2)一句多译 无论他能给我什么，他都会给我。 ①________ he could give me, he gave. ②________________ he could give me, he gave. 句型五： 5 After Dr Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.(教材P18) 白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇纪念他的文章，称赞白求恩大夫在中国是值得纪念的英雄。 剖析 本句是in＋which/whom “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 归纳 拓展 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①This is a picture of Lei Feng ________ we've learned a lot. ②To tell you the truth, the singer ________ you are waiting won't come tonight. ③As we all know, the age ________ children can go to school is seven. ④These are the visitors ________ the man was too rude. ⑤He built a telescope ________ he could study the sky in his free time. 句型六：否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 6 To a person nothing is more precious than their life... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了......。 剖析 (1)否定词＋比较级，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等； (2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)How beautifully she sings！I have never heard a _________(good) voice. (2)汤姆是我们班最勤奋的学生。 Tom ___________________________________________ in our class.（最高级） →Nobody _________________________________________ in our class.（否定连用比较级） 语法剖析：ing形式作宾补与状语 Grammar　v．­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语 语法体验 指出下列句子中黑体部分所作的句子成分 1．We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.________________ 2．Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. ________________ 3．They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.________________ 4．She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces._________ 5．He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.________________ 6．He felt the house shaking in the earthquake.________________ 语法讲座 一、v.­ing形式作宾语补足语 v．­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。 1．感官动词：watch, observe, notice, see, hear, listen to, look at, smell, feel, find等。 I hear someone talking in the next room.我听到隔壁有人在谈话。 We saw the steam rising from the wet clothes.我们看到湿衣服上有水蒸气冒出来。 2．使役动词：get, have, make, keep, leave等。 We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火烧了整整一夜。 I won't have you running about in the room.我不会让你在房间里跑来跑去的。 v．­ing(短语)与省略to的动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的区别： v．­ing(短语)作宾补，表示动作正在进行，属于现场即时描述；省略to的动词不定式(短语)作宾补，表示动作的全过程，属于一种回忆性描述。 I saw Linda whispering to Danny.我看见琳达正在和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作正在进行) I saw Linda whisper to Danny.我看见琳达和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作的全过程) (1)单句语法填空 ①Suddenly, I felt somebody ________ (pat) me on the shoulder. ②They found her ________ (walk) alone on the beach. ③The medicine kept her ________ (sleep) for the whole day and night. (2)单句写作 ①你听到有人在敲门吗？ Do you ________________ at the door? ②许多人看到船驶离了港口。 Many people ______________________ the harbor. 二、v.­ing形式作状语 v.­ing作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等。 1．v.­ing短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while等引出。 While reading (＝While he was reading) the book, he nodded from time to time.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。 When walking down (＝When I was walking down) the street, I came across Tom.沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了汤姆。 2．v.­ing短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Respecting his father (＝Because he respected his father), he didn't want to argue with him. 因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和父亲争论。 Not knowing (＝Because I didn't know) his address, I can't send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。 3．v.­ing短语作结果状语，表示意料中的结果。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the light.妈妈为我拉上窗帘，把阳光挡在外面。 4．v.­ing作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个较次要的动作。 They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 The tramp stood by the door, not daring to say a word.那个流浪汉站在门旁，不敢说一句话。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ (search) everywhere, no one found any sign of his existence. ②The students felt relaxed and delighted, ________ (sing) aloud all the way back. ③The COVID－19 broke out throughout the world, ________ (cause) hundreds of thousands of deaths. (2)单句写作 ①快到城镇时你就可以看见左边的学校。 ________ the town you'll find the college on the left. ②由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 ________ ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. ③她捧着许多书走进了房间。 She came into the house, ________ a lot of books. 【单句语法填空】 1.Having __________ (work) for three hours，he took a rest. 2.Tom came __________(dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand. 3.Having __________ (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call. 4.__________(see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note. 5.__________(judge) from his accent，he must be from the south. 6.With so many things __________(bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical suggestions. 7. With more and more farmers __________(rush) into city, their children’s education is a problem. 8. The next thing he saw was smoke __________(rise)from the house. 9. __________(work) all day, they are very tired.   10. Listen! Do you hear someone __________(call) for help? 11. The manager would like to see his plan __________(carry) out as soon as possible. 12. He was so angry that he threw the toy on the ground, __________(break) it into pieces. 13. The girl was noticed __________(quarrel)with an old man at 9 o’clock yesterday. 14. __________(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 15. __________(go) straight down the road, you will find the hospital. 16.__________(take) everything into consideration the result is better than expected. 17.When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women__________ (argue). 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues知识要点 单词&短语解析 知识点1：moral adj.道德的；道义上的 n.品行；道德；寓意→morally adv.道德上;有道德地;确实地→morality n.道德，品行，正当性→immoral adj.不道德的;邪恶的 【解析】moral dilemma 道德困境 moral kidnapping 道德绑架 moral responsibility 道义上的责任 moral sense 道德感 moral values 道德观念 moral behaviour 道德行为 moral character 道德品质 moral standards 道德准则 public morals 公共道德 a person of high moral 品德高尚的人 ①We have a moral responsibility.我们有道义上的责任。 ②Young people today have different moral values. 如今的年轻人有不同的道德观念。 ③He felt morally responsible for the accident.他觉得在道义上应对这次事故负责。 ④All moral education aims to cultivate moral behaviour.所有的道德教育都是为了培养道德行为。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Films of this type help to build up children's moral ________(感觉). ②The issue raises a ________ (morally) dilemma. ③My father has always had high ________ (morally) standards. 答案：①sense　②moral　③moral (2)单句写作 ①中国人最基本的道德观之一是诚实。 One of the most basic ________________ for Chinese is honesty. ②道德品质是一个人素质的主要方面。 ________________ is an important aspect of the quality of people. ③这事不算违法，但在道德上是错误的。 It isn't unlawful, but it's ______________________. 答案：①moral values　②Moral character　③morally wrong 知识点2：virtue n.高尚的道德;美德; 优点，长处 【解析】by virtue of 凭借，由于 = by means of =because of 【注意】virtual adj.虚拟的→virtually adv.事实上，几乎；虚拟地 【练一练】 1. In modern society, punctuality is a necessary ____________(美德). 2. One of his _____________ (virtue) is that he never gets angry. 3. He was promoted _________ virtue of his ability. 答案：1.virtue 2.virtues 3.by 知识点3：dilemma n.进退两难的境地; 困境 【解析】moral dilemma 道德困境 be in a dilemma 处于两难境地 be faced with a dilemma 面临困境=face a dilemma place/put sb in a dilemma 使某人处于困境 get out of a dilemma 摆脱两难的处境 on the horns of a dilemma 进退维谷，左右为难 raise a dilemma 引发两难困境 (1)单句语法填空 ①Joe found himself ________ the horns of a dilemma. ②The bad weather places us ______ a dilemma—shall we move on or go back? ③I am grateful that you help me get out of the dilemma I was ______ a dilemma. ④Sometimes, you may fall into a dilemma __________ you find it hard to decide what to do. 答案：①on ②in ③in ④where/in which (2)单句写作 ①是否向病人讲明实情，医生感到进退两难。 The doctor was ________________ whether he should tell the patient the truth. ②________________________, we should think twice and make a right choice. 面对困境，我们应该三思而后行，做出正确的选择。 答案：①in a dilemma ②Facing a dilemma 知识点4：faint vi.昏倒，晕厥 adj.(1) 眩晕的，虚弱的 (2) (光、声、味等) 微弱的；微小的(slight）→faintly adv.微弱地→faintness n. 微弱 【解析】a faint smile 淡淡一笑 a faint light 微弱的光 a faint hope 一丝希望 a faint memory/voice 模糊的记忆/微弱的声音 faint possibility 微小的可能性 faint from/with 因...而昏倒 faint away 昏过去；消失 (1)单句语法填空 ①The little boy who ran away from home fainted ________ hunger. ②The sound fainted ________ in the distance. 答案：①from/with　②away (2)单句写作 她的病还有一点点希望可以治愈。 There is still ______________________ that she may be cured. 答案：a faint hope 知识点5：illustrate v.(用示例、图画等)说明，阐明; 给(书或文章)加插画→illustration n.说明，阐明→illustrator n.插图画家→illustrative adj.说明的；作例证的；解说的 【解析】illustrate sth with sth 用……说明……，给…配上插图 illustrate + that 从句 表明…；说明…。 an illustrated textbook 有插图的教科书 【单句语法填空】 1. ___________ (illustrate) my point, let me tell you a little story. 2. Each book is beautifully __________(illustrate). 3. The manufacturing methods will ____________(illustrate) in the next chapter. 4. Debbie Powell is a London-based __________(illustrate) with a love of printmaking and drawing by hand. 答案：1.To illustrate 2.illustrated 3.be illustrated 4.illustrator 知识点6：precious adj.珍稀的; 宝贵的→preciously adv.珍贵地→preciousness n.珍贵 【解析】be precious to sb.对某人来说很珍贵 【拓展】cherish vt.珍惜 previous adj.先前的 【练一练】 1. Nothing is ____________ (precious) to me than my good health. 2. Rain in spring is as precious _______ oil. 春雨贵如油。 3. Don't idle away your ___________(珍贵的) time. 别闲磨大好时光！ 答案：1.more precious 2.as 3.precious 知识点7：entrust vt.委托；交付 【解析】entrust sth to sb= entrust sb with sth将某物委托给某人 Eg. He entrusted the task _______ his nephew. He entrusted his nephew ________ the task. 答案：1.to 2.with 【拓展】distrust v./n.不信任，怀疑 知识点8：carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 【拓展】与carry有关的短语： (1) carry out 实施；履行；执行 (2) carry on doing/with sth. 开展，坚持，继续 (3) carry through 顺利完成，进行到底 (4) carry forward 继承，弘扬 (5) carry over (情况变化时) 继续下去 【巩固内化】单句语法填空 ❶Her confidence and self-discipline helped _______ her________ . 她的信心和自律帮助她渡过了难关。 ❷She needed a clear head to_________ her instructions. 她需要一个清醒的头脑来执行命令。 ➌ You will wear yourself out if you _________ working so hard. 你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。 答案：1.carry through 2.carry out 3.carry on 知识点9：marriage n.结婚，婚姻→marry v.结婚→married adj.已婚的→unmarried adj.未婚的 【解析】marry sb 与某人结婚 be/get married (to sb) 与……结婚 marry sb to sb 把某人嫁给某人 【巩固内化】单句语法填空 1. _________(marry) is the tomb of love. 2. They're getting _________(marry) next month. 3. They _____________ (marry) to each other for 20 years. 4. Jane got married ________ her husband immediately after graduation. 答案：1.Marriage 2.married 3.have been married 4.to 知识点10：majority n.大部分；大多数→major v.主修 n.主修专业,主修学生 adj.重要的,主要的→(反)minor adj.少数的→minority n.少数；少数民族 【解析】be in the majority 占多数 major in 主修…… the majority of +不可数名词＋谓语单数 大多数… +复数名词＋谓语复数 the majority 大多数，大部分 an English major 英语专业的学生 (1)单句语法填空 ①The ________ (major) of my patients come to me from out of town. ②What subject are you planning to major ________？ ③With the prices going up, the majority of people ________ (find) it hard to live on the amount of money they get. ④An agreement (协议) seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ (be) against it. ⑤We live in the country where women are _______ the majority. ⑥The majority of the damage _______ easy to repair. 答案：①majority　②in　③find ④are ⑤in ⑥is (2)单句写作 在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人占少数。 The white are ________________ in Australia while the native people ________________. 答案：in the majority; in the minority 知识点11：complain v.抱怨; 埋怨; 发牢骚→complaint n.抱怨 【解析】 (1)complain (to sb ) about/of(doing)sth…（向某人）抱怨某事 complain (to sb.) that+句子 (向某人)抱怨…… (2)complaint n.抱怨 make a complaint to sb. about sth.向某人抱怨某事 a letter of complaint 投诉信 (1)单句语法填空 ①The American couple complained ________ the high cost of visiting Europe. ②I'm going to complain ________ the manager about this. ③I have a number of _________ (complain) about the hotel room you’ve given me. ④It's no use _______________(complain) without taking action. 答案：①about　②to ③complaints ④complaining (2)单句写作 ①她说自己头疼，很早就离开了。 She left early, ____________ a headache. ②人们常抱怨孩子花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 People often ____________ children spend too much time on computer games. ③我写信是为了向你投诉这家店的服务质量。 I'm writing to ___________________________________________ in the store. 答案：①complaining of　②complain that ③complain to you about the service quality 知识点12：tuition n. (小组)教学；讲课；（尤指学院、大学或私立学校的）学费（不可数名词） 【解析】college tuition 大学学费 tuition fees 学费 【拓展】tutor n.家庭教师，私人教师；导师，指导教师 v.指导，辅导，担任私人教师 知识点13：fee n. (可数名词)专业服务费；报酬 【常用搭配】school fees 学费 medical fees 医疗费 legal fees 律师费 admission fee 入场费 tuition fee 学费 membership fee 会费 【辨析】fee, fare, expense, charge, cost&price price 商品标价，售价 cost 成本+付出的代价(金钱/时间/精力) fee 专业服务费，会员费，报名费等 expense 日常生活开销，开支等 charge 商家/服务方主动收取的费用 fare 只用于交通工具票价 知识点14：respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→response n.反应;回答;回复 【解析】respond to sb/sth　　对……做出反应/答复 in response to 为了回应；作为对……的回应 make a / no response to (对……)做出/不回应 (1)单句语法填空 ①Receiving a text does not mean you need to ________ (response) to it. ②________ response to the audience's great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week. ③The teacher kindly made a response ________ the questions that student put forward. ④I knocked on the door but there was no ______________(respond). 答案：①respond ②In ③to ④response (2)单句写作 ①如果我们收到这类信件，我们会做出回应的。 If we receive such a letter, we will ____________ it. ②应委内瑞拉的要求召开了这次会议。 The meeting was called ________________ a request from Venezuela. 答案：①respond to　②in response to 知识点15：union n.协会;联合会;工会→ unite v.统一;联合;联手;团结→united adj.联合的; 统一的; 团结的 【解析】the Students’ Union=the Student Union 学生会 trade union 工会 知识点16：scholarship n.奖学金→scholar n.学者 知识点17：hire vt.聘用；雇用；租用 n.租界;租 【解析】hire sb to do sth 雇佣某人做某事 hire out 出租 on hire 出租的 for hire 可出租 【拓展】fire/dismiss/lay off vt.解雇 (1)单句语法填空 ①The company hires ________ machinery by the day. ②They also let bicycles out ________ hire. 答案：①out　②on (2)单句写作 ①要召开这样的会议，我们应该租一个大礼堂。 We should ________ a hall ____________ such a meeting. ②杰克被聘用为一家大型高新技术公司的新的首席执行官。 Jack ________________ the new CEO of a large high­tech corporation. 答案：①hire; to hold　②was hired as 知识点18：physician n.医师，内科医生→surgeon n.外科医生 【解析】resident physician 住院医师 【拓展】physics n.物理学 physical adj.身体的;物质的 知识点19：colleague n.同事;同僚=co-worker=workmate 【拓展】follow v. 跟随; 跟着 fellow n. 家伙; 同事 adj.同类的，同伴的 知识点20：reject v.拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收=turn down=refuse=decline→rejection n.拒绝；抛弃；否决 【解析】reject (doing) sth拒绝(做)某事 refuse to do sth拒绝做 reject sb. 拒绝接受某人 reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan 拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划 reject a proposal / decision / an argument 拒绝接受一个提议/决定/论点 【巩固内化】单句语法填空 ①He __________ (reject) from the factory because of laziness. ②Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary. ③I absolutely ________ (refuse/reject) to take part in anything that’s illegal. 答案：①was rejected ②rejection ③refuse 知识点21：appoint v.任命;委派→appointment n.任命；约定→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 【解析】appoint sb as/ to be …… 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 任命某人去做某事 appoint sth. for sth. 为(某事)约定(时间) make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人预约/约会 keep/break an/the appointment 守/违(爽)约 (1)单句语法填空 ①We are pleased to appoint you ________ our agent in Japan. ②September 1 was appointed ________ the ceremony. ③They made an ________ (appoint) for the second day of May. ④Our headmaster appointed me ____________(introduce) the Chinese culture of tea arts to foreign exchange students. ⑤Make sure you have understood all the details and try to get there a few minutes before the ___________ (appoint) time. 答案：①as　②for　③appointment ④to introduce ⑤appointed (2)单句写作 ①他已被指派做红十字会的工作。 He has been appointed ________ a job ________ the Red Cross. ②如果你想看医生，最好事先跟他预约好。 If you want to see the doctor, you'd better ________________ him in advance. ③Learning that he __________________________________________, he is filled with joy.得知被选为学生会主席，他满怀喜悦。 答案：①to; with　②make an appointment with ③has been appointed as/to be chairman of the Students' Union 知识点22：clinic n.诊所; 门诊部 知识点23：faraway adj.遥远的 【拓展】far away 在远处 知识点24：elect v.选举;推选; 决定→election n.选举;推选→elected adj.当选的 【解析】elect to do sth.选择/决定做某事 elect sb. (to be/as) ... 选举某人为… elect sb. to do sth.选举某人做某事 a general election 大选 win/lose an election 选举获胜/失败 announce an election 宣布选举 vote in an election 参加投票选举 (1)单句语法填空 ①This is what will happen if you elect a lawyer ________ (be) the president. ②The ________ (elect) was held six months ahead of schedule. ③They always elect a reliable person ________ monitor. 答案：①to be　②election　③as (2)单句写作 ①首相即将宣布举行大选。 The prime minister is about to __________________. ②她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。 She became the first black woman to ________________ the Senate. 答案：①announce an election　②be elected to 知识点25：decade n.(可数） 十年;十年期 知识点26: elsewhere adv.在别处;去别处 知识点27: tend v.照顾; 照料; 倾向; 趋于→tendency n.趋势 【解析】tend (to) sb 照顾，照料 tend to do sth 往往，倾向于 tend to/towards sth 倾向于... ; 有...的趋势 have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事；喜欢做某事 There is a tendency that... 有一种趋势/倾向 the tendency of... ....的趋势 (1)单句语法填空 ①There is a growing ________ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in the office. ②I tend ________ (have) a different answer, depending on the family. ③Personally, I tend ________ the second plan you offered. ④Sofia was in the bedroom tending _________ her sick mother. 答案：①tendency　②to have　③to/towards ④to (2)单句写作 ①大势趋向于和平。 The ____________ events is towards peace. ②我个人觉得，俱乐部成员工作还是不错的。 I ____________ think that members of the club do a good job. ③这位病人很容易昏倒，所以我们要耐心照顾她。 This patient ____________, so we should _____ her _________. 答案：①tendency of　②tend to ③tends to faint，tend, patiently 知识点28: publish vt.出版；发表作品→publication n.出版；发行→publisher n.出版者，出版商；发行人 知识点29: staff n.员工; 全体职员 【解析】staff+动词单数/复数 知识点30: retire vi. & vt.退休；退职；(因伤)退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的→retiree n.退休人员 【解析】retire from... 从……退休 retire as... 从……职位上退休 【练一练】 1. At age 68, he retired ___________ the post office, but he never stopped serving the community. 2. He has no plans to retire _____________ the editor of the magazine. 3. She is a ___________(retire) doctor, but many people are sad about her ___________(retire). 答案：1.from; 2.as; 3.retired, retirement 知识点31: saving n.节省物;节省;节约；(复数)储蓄金;存款→save v.救; 储蓄; 攒钱; 收集; 收藏 【解析】(1)n.[C]节省物; 节省; 节约 make a saving/savings 节省 a saving on energy 能源节约 (2)n.[复数]储蓄金; 存款 open a savings account 开储蓄账户 【拓展】energy-saving 节能的 labour-saving 节省人力的 space-saving 节省空间的 【练一练】 1. Buy three and make ____ saving of 55 pennies. 2. He put all his _____________(save) into buying a boat. 答案：1.a; 2.savings 知识点32: kindergarten n.学前班；幼儿园 【解析】go to kindergarten 上幼儿园 知识点33: principle n.道德原则; 法则; 原则→principal adj.最重要的,主要的 n.校长 【解析】in principle 理论上；基本上 on principle 按照原则 【练一练】 1. I agree with the idea ______ principle, but I have doubts about the details. 2. He is a man of high _____________(原则). 答案：1.in 2.principle 知识点34: passive adj.被动的；顺从的；消极的→passively adv.被动地，消极地 【拓展】【反】positive adj.乐观的；积极的 active adj.主动的；积极的 passive voice 被动语态 【练一练】 1. He played a passive role ________ the relationship. 2. The use case steps are written in the active rather than __________(被动的) voice. 答案：1.in 2.passive 知识点35: scared adj.害怕的; 对…感到惊慌/恐惧的=afraid/frightened/terrified→scary adj.吓人的，恐怖的→scare v.惊吓; 使害怕 【解析】be scared of sth/ doing sth. 害怕某物/ 做某事 be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 scare... away/off 吓走/吓跑… scare sb. into/out of doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做/不敢做某事 scare sb. to death把某人吓得要死 a scared look 惊恐的表情 [巩固内化] 单句语法填空 ①When we are getting excited, angry or _______ (scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes. ②The atmosphere was _______ and we felt ________ staying in the room. (scare) ③We were all scared _______ (go) to the cemetery. ④The lack of hard science is enough _________________ (吓跑) my friend. ⑤She was __________________ (害怕进入) the yard because she was __________________ (害怕被咬) by the big dog lying at the gate. ⑥They scared him into ___________ (hand) over the keys. ⑦We'll scare her out of _________ (tell) the police. 答案：①scared ②scary, scared ③to go ④to scare off/away ⑤scared to enter, scared of being bitten ⑥handing ⑦telling 知识点36: sharp adj.锋利的，尖的；(感观) 敏锐的; (人) 机灵的；(言辞等) 尖刻的，严厉的；(角度、变化)急剧的；剧烈的，猛烈的；尖厉的，刺耳的 adv. (指时刻)整点，正点 →sharpen v.使变锋利→sharply adv.急剧地，严厉地→sharpener n.铅笔刀；磨具 【解析】be sharp with 对……严厉 a sharp knife 锋利的刀 a sharp rise/increase 急剧上升 sharp eyes 敏锐的眼睛 sharp criticism 尖锐的批评 a sharp cry 尖叫 a sharp bend 急转弯 【练一练】写出下列句中sharp的含义 (1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes. 敏锐的 (2)Unfortunately, her condition took a sharp turn for the worse. 急剧的 (3)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was peeling apples. 锋利的 知识点37: insurance n.保险; 保险业→insure v.确保；为…投保→ensure v.确保，保证 【解析】pay insurance on... 交...的保险金 an insurance company 保险公司 insurance against 以防 【拓展】accept v. → acceptance n. annoy v. → annoyance n. appear v. → appearance n. perform v. → performance n. guide v. → guidance n. ignore v. → ignorance n. enter v. → entrance n. 知识点38: energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.能源；能量；精力→energetically adv.精力充沛地;充满活力地→energize v.使充满热情 【解析】be full of energy 精力充沛的 have the energy to do sth 有精力做某事 [巩固内化]单句语法填空 ① To his satisfaction, the poet found the composer_____________(energy). ② She's always full_______ energy . ③She put all her ________ (energy) into her work. [衔接高考] ①When it comes to renewable _____________(energy),what occur to me are solar energy and wind energy. ②(2018.全国I)Running is cheap, easy and it's always _____________ (energy). 答案：①energetic ②of ③energies ①energy ②energetic 知识点39: replace v.接替; 取代; 更换→replacement n.代替，更换；取代 【解析】replace A with/by B 用B代替/取代A replace sb/sth as ... 取代某人/某物成为…… 【拓展】代替： take the place of =take one’s place in place of =in one’s place instead of 【学会运用】单句语法填空 ①I cannot replace you ________ her assistant. ②We are hard to find a ____________ (replace) for our assistant. ③It is not a good idea to replace meals _____ snacks. ④Such software can __________ (replace) with commercial software or simply taken out of service. 【学会表达】完成句子 ⑤我认为未来实体商店购物不会被网络购物取代。 I don't think physical shopping ___________________________ in the future. 答案：①as ②replacement ③with/by ④be replaced ⑤will be replaced by online shopping 知识点40: accident n.事故;车祸;失事→accidental adj.意外的→accidentally adv.意外地 【解析】by accident/chance/mistake=accidentally 偶然地，意外地，错误地 by design = on purpose=deliberately 有意地, 故意地 have an accident 出事故 【拓展】incident n.事变；冲突 【练一练】根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。 1. His left knee was hurt in______ traffic accident. 2. The train had an _____________(事故) and many passengers were injured. 3. The baby knocked the vase off ________ accident. 4. Meeting you was the most ______________(accident) beauty in the world. 5. He hurt himself ______________(accident). 答案：1.a 2.accident 3.by 4.accidental 5.accidentally 知识点41: operation n.手术；企业；经营→operate v.操作; 使用; 动手术→operator n.操作员;经营者 【解析】be in operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中 come/go into operation开始工作/生效 put/bring sth. into operation 实施；实行 operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术=have an operation on sb/sth. 【拓展】cooperation n.合作 “经营， 管理”表达：manage；operate；run 【练一练】 1. The device has a single button, allowing for easy _________ (operate). 2. She’s going to need an operation _______ her shoulder. 3. The lab is ________ operation. The move for the Engineers should be completed next week. 4. They were trying to reduce ____________ (operate) costs. 答案：1.operation 2.on 3.in 4.operating 知识点42: whisper v.悄声说;耳语;低语 n.耳语(声); 传言; 谣传 【解析】whisper (sth.) to sb 对某人耳语(某事) in a whisper/whispers 低声地 whisper about sth 密谈某事 It is whispered that.. 有人私下传播... (1)单句语法填空 ①She is whispering ________ her sister. ②She is whispering a story ________ her daughter. ③She said it in ________ whisper, so I didn't hear. 答案：①to　②to　③a (2)单句写作 ①有人私下说他将不久于人世，他果然去世了。 ________________ that he would soon die and he did. ②他们坐在房间的后面，低声交谈。 They sat at the back of the room, talking __________. 答案：①It was whispered　②in whispers 知识点43: midnight n.子夜;午夜 【解析】at midnight 在半夜 【拓展】at daybreak 在黎明；at dawn 在黎明；at noon在中午；at dusk 在黄昏；at night 晚上 知识点44: import n.进口；进口商品 vt.进口；输入；引进→imported adj.进口的→export n.出口；出口商品 vt.出口；输出；传播→exported adj.出口的 知识点45: pole n. (行星的)极; 地极;磁极→polar adj.极地的;极的 【解析】the North Pole 北极 the South Pole 南极 知识点46: lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈 v.（水）轻拍，轻打；（动物）舔，舐 【解析】on/in one’s lap 在某人的腿上 【拓展】laptop n.笔记本电脑 知识点47: bite vt. & vi. (过去式bit, 过去分词bitten) 咬；叮；蛰 n.（咬下的）一口；咬伤 【解析】take a bite of... 咬..... give sb. a bite 咬了某人 bite one’s lip 竭力忍住不说话;抑制情感的流露 be bitten by sth 热衷于某物,被...咬了 bite the bullet 咬紧牙关 知识点48: lip n.嘴唇 【解析】bite one’s lip 竭力忍住不说话;抑制情感的流露 【拓展】lipstick n.口红，唇膏 知识点49: assist v.帮助; 援助→assistance n.帮助; 援助→assistant n.助手; 助理; 副手 【解析】assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 come to one’s assistance 援助某人 with the assistance/help of... 在……的帮助下 assist at 作陪，在场帮忙 be of assistance 有用，有帮助 【词语积累】a senior assistant 高级助理 a personal assistant私人助理 a shop assistant店员 (1)单句语法填空 ①He assisted the old man ________ (fill) in the forms. ②We're sure to assist ________ your wedding. ③He gave ________ (assist) to me when I was in trouble. 答案：①to fill/in filling　②at　③assistance (2)单句写作 ①这位年轻的女护士首次当手术助手时，心情非常紧张。 The young nurse was very nervous when she ____________ her first operation. ②夫妻间有义务互帮互助。 Husband and wife have the duty to support and ________________. 答案：①assisted at　②assist each other 知识点50: aid [C&U] n.支持；救助；资助；帮助；辅助设备 v.支持；援助；帮助 【解析】（1）be an aid to/for 对...有帮助 with the aid of 在...的帮助下 in aid of 为了帮助... come / go to one’s aid 援助某人 do/give/offer first aid 给予急救 a hearing aid 助听器 financial aid 经济援助 teaching aid 教学工具 first aid 急救 first aid kit 急救箱 （2）aid sb. with sth 在某事帮助某人 aid sb. in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. to do sth 帮助某人做某事 (1)单句语法填空 ①The collection is in aid ________ the disabled. ②He came to the aid ________ the hurt man. ③Tom's uncle aided him in ________ (get) a new job. 答案：①of　②of　③getting (2)单句写作 我们必须学习有关健康的知识和基本的急救知识。 We need to learn about good health and basic ________. 答案：first aid (3)一句多译 我们前来援助索马里的民众渡过难关。 ①We're coming to aid the people of Somalia ________________ their hard life. ②We're coming to aid the people of Somalia ________________ their hard life. ③We're coming to aid the people of Somalia ________ their hard life. 答案：①to go through　②in going through　③with 知识点51: pass away 去世 【解析】pass sb sth= pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人 pass by 经过; (时间)过去 pass down 把...流传下去，强调下一代 pass on 传递 pass out 晕过去；昏倒 pass through 穿过；通过 pass around 分发，传送；轮查 知识点52: chairman n.主席;主持人;董事长→chair v.主持 n.椅子→pl. chairmen 知识点53: memory n.记忆力;回忆→memorize vt.记住；背熟→memorable adj.难忘的=unforgettable 【解析】in memory of = in honor of 作为对...的纪念 【拓展】memorial adj.记忆的，纪念的，追悼的 n.纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念仪式，纪念物 in praise of 赞美；歌颂 in honour of 纪念；向……表达敬意 in search of 寻找 in charge of 负责；掌管 in control of 控制 [巩固内化]单句语法填空 ①You have ____ excellent memory, but I’d forgotten having ever told you the place. ②The object of great interest at the temple was a large marble tower built ___ memory of Buddha. ③The Dragon Boat Festival was set up ____________ (为了纪念) a great Chinese poet in ancient time. 答案：①an ②in ③in memory of 知识点54: chain n.一连串(人或事);链子;链条 v.用锁链拴住；拘禁，束缚 【解析】a chain of 一连串的;一系列的 chain store 连锁店 知识点55: cafe n.咖啡馆 【拓展】coffee n.咖啡 知识点56: waitress n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者→waiter n.男服务员; 男侍者→wait v./n.等待 【拓展】actor n.男演员—— actress n.女演员 host n.男主人—— hostess n.女主人 知识点57: pregnant adj.怀孕的; 妊娠的→pregnancy n.怀孕（期），妊娠（期） 【解析】be pregnant with… 怀上... give birth to… 生(孩子/动物) 知识点58: disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 【解析】disguise oneself as 伪装成；化装成 in disguise 化了装地；乔装改扮地 There's no disguising the fact that... 无法掩饰的事实是…… 【练一练】 ① I thought maybe you were a policeman _______ disguise. ② She disguised herself _______ a man so she could fight on the battlefield. 答案：①in ②as 知识点59: spill v.(使)洒出; (使)溢出→过去式：spilt/spilled→spilt/spilled 【解析】spill out 倾诉，涌出 spill over 溢出，漫出；波及 spill sth. on/over sth. 把某物洒在……上 【拓展】spit v.吐; 吐痰;吐口水 知识点60: trip over (sth.) 被…绊倒（主动表被动） 【拓展】trip v.绊; 绊倒; 将…绊倒; 使跌倒→过去式/过去分词tripped n.旅行; 旅游 知识点61: limp vi.跛行;一瘸一拐地走 【拓展】lame adj.跛的; 瘸的 sb be lame/blind/deaf in... 某人(腿/眼睛/耳朵)是瘸的/瞎的/聋的 知识点62: tear n.眼泪; 泪水 v.撕破；撕掉，拔掉→过去式tore→过去分词torn→torn adj.撕破的 【解析】（1）burst into tears =burst out crying 突然大哭起来 burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 be bathed in tears 泪流满面 be close to tears 快流泪了 hold back one's tears 强忍住泪水 in tears 流着泪；含着泪 move sb. to tears 感动到落泪 reduce sb. to tears (=make sb. cry) 把某人弄哭 shed (a) tear(s) 流泪，掉眼泪 wear and tear 磨损，损耗 tear one's heart out 使…心碎欲裂 crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 （2）tear apart 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除，拆掉 tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等) tear sth. into/to pieces 把某物撕成碎片 tear sth. in half/two 将...撕成两半 (1)单句语法填空 ①The last act was so touching, the whole audience was tears. ②She closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt to hold back the (tear)． ③The children were told to tear the paper pieces. 答案：①in　②tears　③into (2)单句写作 他恼羞成怒，把信撕成两半。 Angry and bored, he the letter . 答案：tore; in half/two 知识点63: harm n./v.伤害; 损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 【解析】be of great harm 危害极大的 do sb/sth harm=do harm to sb/sth 对某人/物有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害处,不妨做某事 be harmful to sb /sth 对...有害 [巩固内化]单句语法填空 1. The court case will do serious harm _____ my business. 2. Staying up too late will be ____ great harm to one’s health. 3. They are not always willing to take on untrained workers, but there’s no harm _____ asking. 4. Water is not an effective shield against the sun’s more _______ (harm) rays. 答案：1.to 2.of 3.in 4.harmful 知识点64: despair n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 【解析】in despair 绝望地；处于绝望中 be the despair of sb 令某人担心 (或绝望)； despair of sb/sth/doing sth 对做某事绝望 / 失去信心 【拓展】desperate adj.绝望的，拼命的，不顾一切的 【练一练】 ① I could do nothing but race from his room _______ despair. ② He did not despair _______ victory in the end. 答案：①.in ②of 知识点65: might n.力量; 威力 →mighty adj.强有力的，巨大的 (情态动词)可能; 可以 知识点66: a great deal (of) 大量，许多 【解析】a great deal of＋不可数名词 大量的…… 【拓展】a great deal “非常”，修饰动词/比较级 知识点67: court n.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭 【搭配】tennis court 网球场 go to court 上法庭 appear in court 出庭 take sb. to court 把某人带上法庭 知识点68: flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→flex v.弯曲，曲折（四肢，关节）；活动→flexibly adv.灵活地→flexibility n.灵活性→inflexible adj.（材料）坚硬的，不能弯曲的 【词性拓展】able adj.→ ability n.； capable adj.→ capability n.； possible adj.→ possibility n.； responsible adj.→ responsibility n. 【练一练】 一、根据句意，选出下列句子中flexible的释义。 a. 可变通的；灵活的 b. 易弯曲的；柔韧的 1. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments.______ 2. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. ______ 二、翻译下列句子。 1. 弹性的工作时间是女性择业考虑的重要因素。 ___________________ are a major career consideration for women. 2. 他在这个问题上寸步不让。 He’s completely _______ on the subject. 答案：1.b 2.a 1.Flexible working hours 2.inflexible 知识点69: income n.收入;收益 【拓展】outcome n.结果 知识点70: therefore adv.因此;所以=thus=so=hence=consequently 知识点71: tension n.紧张关系; 紧张; 焦虑→tense adj.紧张的，焦虑的；绷紧的=nervous=anxious v.绷紧 n.（动词的）时态 【拓展】confuse v.→ confusion n. revise v.→ revision n. compete v.→ competition n. invite v.→ invitation n. decide v.→ decision n. solve v.→ solution n. apply v.→ application n. 句型剖析 句型一： 1 Did you hear that James helped an old woman who fell down while crossing the street？(教材P15) 你听说过詹姆斯帮助了一个过马路时摔倒的老太太吗？ 剖析 该句中that引导宾语从句，其中who fell down while crossing the street是定语从句，while crossing the street是时间状语从句的省略情况，其完整形式应为while she was crossing the street。 归纳 拓展 ①When (he was) asked why he didn't take part in the race, he said nothing but smiled. 当被问及他为什么没参加这次赛跑时，他什么也没说，只是微笑了一下。 ②He will not come unless (he is) invited.除非被邀请，否则他不会来。 ③Although (he is) badly thought of in the company, the man always works hard. 他虽然在公司里不被器重，但是一直以来还是努力工作。 ④When (you are) using this machine you must remember these.在使用这台机器时，你必须记住这些。 (1)单句语法填空 ①While ________ (compete) with his teammates, he hurt his leg. ②If ________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon. ③There are some health problems that, if not ________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. ④They got engaged when ________ (travel) in Europe. 答案：①competing　②accepted　③treated　④travelling (2)单句写作 即便是在住院期间，他也尽其所能地帮助别人。 Even while __________________，he tried to help others with all his might. 答案：(he was) in hospital 句型二： 2 But I don't think it's the right thing to do. Do you？(教材P15) 但我认为那样做不正确，你呢？ 剖析 本句中I don't think为否定转移句。 归纳 拓展 ①I don't think he is right.我认为他不对。 ②We don't suppose such things will happen.我们认为这样的事不会发生。 ③I don't believe you two have met, have you?我想你们两人以前没见过面，对吧？ ④We don't believe he will do harm to the animals, will he?我们相信他不会伤害动物，他会那样做吗？ (1)单句语法填空 ①I don't think Tom got lost in the theme park, ________ he? ②We ________ believe so many crops could be gathered in overnight, could they? 答案：①did　②don't (2)单句写作 ①我相信他今晚不会来。 I ________________ he ________________ tonight. ②我认为这个人不能按时完成工作，对吗？ I ____________________ the man ________ finish the work on time, ________________？ ③她认为你不了解它，是吗？ She doesn't think you know it, ________________？ 答案：①don't believe; will come　②don't think; can; can he　③does she 句型三： 3 These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of the amazing woman, and what carried her through life of hard choices.(教材P16) 林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。 剖析 本句中名词短语 the heart of the amazing woman和名词性从句what carried her through life of hard choices是and连接的并列成分，它们都是介词into 的宾语。 归纳 拓展 ①What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 过去认为不可能的事现在已经变成现实。(主语从句) ②No one can tell what will happen next. 没人能够预见往后会发生什么。(宾语从句) ③This book is just what I have been looking for. 这本书正是我一直在找寻的那本书。(表语从句) ④I have no idea what he is doing.我不知道他正在做什么。(同位语从句) ⑤What we need is more information about trading. 我们所需要的是更多有关贸易的信息。(主语从句，what在从句中作宾语) ⑥The girl is no longer what she used to be.这姑娘不再是过去的样子。(表语从句，what在从句中作表语。) that也可以引导名词性从句，但that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中不作任何句子成分。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ worried her was ________ her son was addicted to computer games. ②She is talking about ________ she experienced in Beijing last week. ③I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. 答案：①What; that　②what　③that (2)单句写作 ①他说的是真的。 ________________________ was true. ②他已不是10年前的他了。 He is no longer __________________ ten years ago. 答案：①What he said　②what he was 句型四： 4 Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.(教材P18) 尽管处境艰难，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。 剖析 本句中 whatever 引导名词性从句，相当于anything that ... 归纳 拓展 ①Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。 ②We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (宾语从句) 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。 ③Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ you do, don't upset the little kids. ②________ passes here would stop to admire the scenery. ③Some people can always enjoy themselves ________ they are. 答案：①Whatever　②Whoever　③wherever (2)一句多译 无论他能给我什么，他都会给我。 ①________ he could give me, he gave. ②________________ he could give me, he gave. 答案：①Whatever　②No matter what 句型五： 5 After Dr Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.(教材P18) 白求恩大夫去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇纪念他的文章，称赞白求恩大夫在中国是值得纪念的英雄。 剖析 本句是in＋which/whom “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 归纳 拓展 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①This is a picture of Lei Feng ________ we've learned a lot. ②To tell you the truth, the singer ________ you are waiting won't come tonight. ③As we all know, the age ________ children can go to school is seven. ④These are the visitors ________ the man was too rude. ⑤He built a telescope ________ he could study the sky in his free time. 答案：①from whom　②for whom　③at which　④to whom　⑤through which 句型六：否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 6 To a person nothing is more precious than their life... 对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵的了......。 剖析 (1)否定词＋比较级，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等； (2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。 【单句语法填空/一句多译】 (1)How beautifully she sings！I have never heard a _________(good) voice. (2)汤姆是我们班最勤奋的学生。 Tom ___________________________________________ in our class.（最高级） →Nobody _________________________________________ in our class.（否定连用比较级） 答案：(1)better (2)is the most hard-working student ; is more hard-working than Tom 语法剖析：ing形式作宾补与状语 Grammar　v．­ing形式作宾语补足语和状语 语法体验 指出下列句子中黑体部分所作的句子成分 1．We watched three boys sharing their food with each other.宾语补足语 2．Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 状语 3．They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.宾语补足语 4．She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.状语 5．He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.状语 6．He felt the house shaking in the earthquake.宾语补足语 语法讲座 一、v.­ing形式作宾语补足语 v．­ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。 1．感官动词：watch, observe, notice, see, hear, listen to, look at, smell, feel, find等。 I hear someone talking in the next room.我听到隔壁有人在谈话。 We saw the steam rising from the wet clothes.我们看到湿衣服上有水蒸气冒出来。 2．使役动词：get, have, make, keep, leave等。 We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火烧了整整一夜。 I won't have you running about in the room.我不会让你在房间里跑来跑去的。 v．­ing(短语)与省略to的动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的区别： v．­ing(短语)作宾补，表示动作正在进行，属于现场即时描述；省略to的动词不定式(短语)作宾补，表示动作的全过程，属于一种回忆性描述。 I saw Linda whispering to Danny.我看见琳达正在和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作正在进行) I saw Linda whisper to Danny.我看见琳达和丹尼交头接耳。(表示动作的全过程) (1)单句语法填空 ①Suddenly, I felt somebody ________ (pat) me on the shoulder. ②They found her ________ (walk) alone on the beach. ③The medicine kept her ________ (sleep) for the whole day and night. 答案：①patting　②walking　③sleeping (2)单句写作 ①你听到有人在敲门吗？ Do you ________________ at the door? ②许多人看到船驶离了港口。 Many people ______________________ the harbor. 答案：①hear someone knocking　②observed the ship leaving 二、v.­ing形式作状语 v.­ing作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等。 1．v.­ing短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while等引出。 While reading (＝While he was reading) the book, he nodded from time to time.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。 When walking down (＝When I was walking down) the street, I came across Tom.沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了汤姆。 2．v.­ing短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Respecting his father (＝Because he respected his father), he didn't want to argue with him. 因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和父亲争论。 Not knowing (＝Because I didn't know) his address, I can't send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。 3．v.­ing短语作结果状语，表示意料中的结果。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the light.妈妈为我拉上窗帘，把阳光挡在外面。 4．v.­ing作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个较次要的动作。 They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 The tramp stood by the door, not daring to say a word.那个流浪汉站在门旁，不敢说一句话。 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ (search) everywhere, no one found any sign of his existence. ②The students felt relaxed and delighted, ________ (sing) aloud all the way back. ③The COVID－19 broke out throughout the world, ________ (cause) hundreds of thousands of deaths. 答案：①Having searched　②singing　③causing (2)单句写作 ①快到城镇时你就可以看见左边的学校。 ________ the town you'll find the college on the left. ②由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 ________ ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. ③她捧着许多书走进了房间。 She came into the house, ________ a lot of books. 答案：①Approaching　②Being　③carrying 【单句语法填空】 1.Having worked (work) for three hours，he took a rest. 2.Tom came dashing (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand. 3.Having spent (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call. 4.Seeing(see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note. 5.Judging(judge) from his accent，he must be from the south. 6.With so many things bothering(bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical suggestions. 7. With more and more farmers rushing(rush) into city, their children’s education is a problem. 8. The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise)from the house. 9. Having worked(work) all day, they are very tired.   10. Listen! Do you hear someone calling(call) for help? 11. The manager would like to see his plan carried(carry) out as soon as possible. 12. He was so angry that he threw the toy on the ground, breaking(break) it into pieces. 13. The girl was noticed quarreling(quarrel)with an old man at 9 o’clock yesterday. 14. Approaching(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 15. Going(go) straight down the road, you will find the hospital. 16.Taking(take) everything into consideration the result is better than expected. 17.When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women arguing (argue). 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $