Unit 3 -Unit 5 核心知识点清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

高中英语必修一 核心知识点 Unit 3 Sports and fitness 【核心必背短语】（考试高频，必背熟） track and field 田径（运动类固定搭配，完形阅读常出现） come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快 make it 获得成功；准时到达；做到（口语+写作高频，万能短语） set an example (for sb.)（为某人）树立榜样（写作加分表达） fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃 lose heart 丧失信心；泄气（区分lose one's heart倾心于，易错点） give up doing sth.放弃做某事（后接动名词，必考搭配） make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚 pretend to do sth.假装做某事（后接不定式，易错语法点） even if/though 即使；虽然（引导让步状语从句） make a difference (to sb./sth.)（对某人/某物）有影响；起作用 rather than 而不是（连接并列结构，主谓一致常考） cut out 停止做；剪下；删去 now and then 有时；偶尔（同义替换sometimes，写作升级） compare...with/to...与……比较 be injured 受伤（be seriously/lightly injured 受重/轻伤） have the determination to do sth.有决心做某事 compete in 参加比赛/竞赛 compete with/against sb.与某人竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 keep fit/healthy 保持健康（单元主题 【核心句型】 What sports do you like doing in your free time? 你空闲时间喜欢做什么运动？ I like sports that can help me relax and keep fit. 我喜欢能帮我放松和保持健康的运动。 Losing two important players was a big challenge for the team, but they didn't lose heart. 失去两名重要队员对球队来说是个巨大的挑战，但他们没有灰心。 （动名词作主语，高频考点句型） They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for young people. 他们一定是各自运动领域的佼佼者，还能为年轻人树立好榜样。 （定语从句，单元核心语法） It is very important for us to work out regularly and keep a healthy lifestyle. 定期锻炼、保持健康的生活方式对我们来说非常重要。 （形式主语句型，写作万能开头） Even if you face difficulties, you should never give up trying your best. 即使面对困难，你也永远不该放弃尽全力去尝试。 【核心语法】 定语从句（that/who引导） + 动名词作主语 1.修饰人用who/that，修饰物用that，从句紧跟先行词后 2.动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，[例]Reading is helpful.（本单元Losing...作主语同理） 3.固定搭配后接动名词：give up doing, keep doing, avoid doing等 Unit 4 Natural disasters 【核心短语】 1.灾害类 natural disasters 自然灾害 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 earthquake 地震 flood 洪水；水灾 drought 旱灾；久旱 typhoon 台风 landslide 滑坡；崩塌 tsunami 海啸 2.场景动作类 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 in shock 震惊；吃惊 be trapped in 被困在…… sweep away 冲走；彻底消除 calm down 平静下来；镇静下来 come to one’s aid 帮助某人 suffer from 遭受；经历 fall down 倒塌 catch fire 着火 search for 寻找；搜寻 dig out 挖出；找出 bury the dead 掩埋死者 3.救援与准备类 first aid 急救 first aid kit 急救箱 prepare for 为…… 做准备 carry out rescue 实施救援 safe evacuation 安全撤离 post-disaster reconstruction 灾后重建 on hand 现有；在手边 in the open air 在户外；露天 【万能句型】 1.灾害描述（现象 + 影响） It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ The earthquake hit/struck the city at midnight. 地震在午夜袭击了这座城市。 The flood swept away many houses and roads. 洪水冲走了许多房屋和道路。 Thousands of people were killed or injured in the disaster. 数千人在灾难中伤亡。 Many buildings fell down and the city lay in ruins. 许多建筑物倒塌，城市沦为废墟。 2.救援与经历（过去进行时经典结构） I was having breakfast when water started filling my home. 我正在吃早饭，这时水开始涌入家中。 People were sleeping when the earthquake happened. 地震发生时，人们正在睡觉。 Soldiers were sent to dig out those who were trapped. 士兵们被派去挖出被困人员。 3.救援与帮助 The government provided food and shelter for the survivors. 政府为幸存者提供了食物和住所。 Rescue workers came to people’s aid immediately. 救援人员立即赶来帮助人们。 We should learn how to protect ourselves in natural disasters. 我们应该学会在自然灾害中保护自己。 4.特殊句式（写作加分） Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 水、食物和电都很难获得。（主语 + be+adj.+ 不定式） The number of people who lost their lives is expected to rise. 遇难人数预计还会上升。 Keeping calm is very important when a disaster happens. 灾难发生时，保持冷静非常重要。（动名词作主语） 【核心语法】 1.限制性定语从句（重中之重） 含义：修饰名词/代词，作定语，不可省略，无逗号分隔关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose that：指人/物，作主/宾语（可省略） The earthquake that happened last night was very strong. 昨晚发生的地震很强。 which：指物，作主/宾语（可省略） The flood which hit the area caused great damage. 袭击该地区的洪水造成了巨大损失。 who：指人，作主语 The rescuers who helped us were very brave. 帮助我们的救援人员非常勇敢。 whom：指人，作宾语（可省略） The people whom we saved were very grateful. 我们救出的人非常感激。 whose：作定语，表 “…… 的” Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 工人们为家园被毁的幸存者搭建了避难所。 2.过去进行时（高频考点） 结构： was/were + doing用法：过去某时刻/阶段正在进行的动作； 常与when连用（be doing...when...正在做…… 这时突然……） I was watching TV when the lights went out. 我正在看电视，这时灯灭了。 They were sleeping when the earthquake struck. 他们正在睡觉，这时地震来袭。 3.as if 引导的虚拟语气（难点） 用法：从句描述不真实/不可能的情况，用虚拟语气 与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时（be 动词用 were） He talks as if he knew everything. 他说话好像什么都知道。 与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时 She looked as if she had seen a ghost. 她看起来好像见过鬼。 与将来事实相反：从句用would/could/might + 动词原形 It looks as if it would rain tomorrow. 看起来明天好像要下雨。 4.主语 + be+adj.+ 不定式（写作高频） 用法：不定式主动表被动，形容词表 “难易/好坏”（easy/hard/difficult/comfortable） The problem is hard to solve.这个问题很难解决。 The book is easy to understand.这本书很容易理解。 【易错提醒】 in ruins 无冠词，ruin 必须用复数；in shock 同样无冠词 be trapped in 被动结构，trap 必须用过去分词 定语从句：that 不能引导非限制性定语从句；whose 后必须接名词 as if 虚拟语气：现在虚拟用过去时，过去虚拟用过去完成时，别混淆！ damage/destroy/ruin 区别： damage：可修复的损坏 destroy：彻底毁坏，不可修复 ruin：使失去价值，“毁掉” Unit 5 Languages around the world 【核心短语】 1.语言与文化 official language 官方语言 global language 全球语言 mother tongue 母语 native speaker 母语使用者 foreign language 外语 second language 第二语言 2.学习与使用 pick up （偶然）学会 refer to 提到；参考；指的是 be known for 因…… 而出名 be based on 以…… 为基础 play a role in 在…… 中起作用 make good use of 充分利用 communicate with 与…… 交流 learn by heart 背诵 in general 总的来说 3.发展与变化 develop rapidly 快速发展 change over time 随着时间变化 date back to 追溯到 be regarded as 被看作 be considered as 被认为 【万能句型】 English is spoken as an official language in many countries. 英语在许多国家被当作官方语言使用。 Language plays an important role in communication. 语言在交流中起着重要作用。 The Internet helps people learn languages more easily. 互联网帮助人们更容易地学习语言。 Chinese is becoming more and more popular around the world. 汉语在全世界正变得越来越受欢迎。 It is important for us to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语对我们很重要。 I find it very useful to learn English every day. 我发现每天学英语非常有用。 【必考语法】 1.定语从句（that /which/who /whose） The book that/which you bought is very useful. 你买的那本书很有用。 The students who study hard will succeed. 努力学习的学生会成功。 2.被动语态（be + done） English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都说英语。 Chinese is used by more and more people. 越来越多的人使用汉语。 3.make + 宾语 + 宾补 We must make our country stronger. 我们必须让我们的国家更强大。 4.find it + adj.+ to do I find it easy to learn new words. 我发现学新词很容易。 5.be used to do/be used to doing/used to do be used to do 被用来做 be used to doing 习惯于做 used to do 过去常常做 【写作万能模板】（语言文化类作文） 开头：Language is very important in our life. 中间：It plays a key role in communication.We should make good use of it. 结尾：Let’s learn languages well and know more about the world. 0 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $