专题16 特殊疑问句（知识清单）2026年小升初英语专题总复习（上海专版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题16 特殊疑问句 考点一 特殊疑问句的基本结构 使用秘籍： 特殊疑问句是用来对句子中某一特定部分进行提问的问句，不能用“是”或“否”来回答，而应根据提问内容回答具体信息。句末用问号，读降调。 特殊疑问句的基本结构为：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序？ 一、特殊疑问词分类 疑问词 含义 提问对象 what 什么 事物、职业、姓名等 what time 几点钟 具体时刻 what date 几月几号 日期 what color 什么颜色 颜色 who 谁 人（主语/表语） whom 谁 人（宾语） whose 谁的 所属关系 which 哪一个 特定范围内的人或物 when 什么时候 时间 where 哪里 地点 why 为什么 原因 how 怎样 方式、程度、状态 how many 多少 可数名词的数量 how much 多少 不可数名词的数量/价格 how old 多大 年龄 how long 多长 时间长度/物体长度 how often 多久一次 频率 how far 多远 距离 how soon 多久以后 将来时间 二、常见特殊疑问词的用法及回答 1. what 的用法 - 提问事物：What is this?（这是什么？）-It’s a book. - 提问职业：What is your father?（你爸爸是做什么的？）-He is a teacher. - 提问姓名：What is your name?（你叫什么名字？）-My name is Mike. - 提问爱好：What do you like?（你喜欢什么？）-I like painting. 2. who / whom 的用法 - who 提问主语或表语：Who is that man?（那个男人是谁？）-He is my brother. - whom 提问宾语（口语中常用who代替）：Whom did you see?（你看见了谁？）-I saw a little boy. 3. whose 的用法 - 提问所属关系：Whose book is this?（这是谁的书？）-It’s mine./It’s Mike’s. 4. which 的用法 - 在一定范围内选择：Which color do you like better, red or blue?（你更喜欢哪个颜色，红色还是蓝色？）-Red. 5. when 的用法 - 提问时间：When do you get up?（你什么时候起床？）-At 6:30. 6. where 的用法 - 提问地点：Where do you live?（你住在哪里？）-I live in Shanghai. 7. why 的用法 - 提问原因：Why are you late?（你为什么迟到？） - 回答常用because：Because I missed the bus. 8. how 的用法 - 提问方式：How do you go to school?（你怎么去上学？）-I go to school by bus. - 提问状态：How are you?（你好吗？）-I’m great. - 提问程度：How do you like the movie?（你觉得这部电影怎么样？）-It’s interesting. 9. how many / how much 的用法 - how many + 可数名词复数：How many books do you have?（你有多少本书？）-Three. - how much + 不可数名词：How much water is there?（有多少水？）-A little. - how much 提问价格：How much is this pen?（这支钢笔多少钱？）-Ten yuan. 10. how old 的用法 - 提问年龄：How old are you?（你多大了？）-I’m ten. 11. how long 的用法 - 提问时间长度：How long did you stay there?（你在那里待了多久？）-Two weeks. - 提问物体长度：How long is the river?（这条河有多长？）-About 2,000 kilometers. 12. how often 的用法 - 提问频率：How often do you exercise?（你多久锻炼一次？）-Once a day. - 回答常用：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week等。 13. how far 的用法 - 提问距离：How far is it from your home to school?（从你家到学校有多远？）-Two kilometers. 14. how soon 的用法 - 提问将来时间：How soon will you come back?（你多久以后回来？）-In three days. - 回答常用：in + 时间段（in two days等） 注意： - 可以简略回答：—Where is Tom? —In the classroom. - 也可以完整回答：—Where is Tom? —He is in the classroom. 考点再现 一、用适当的特殊疑问词填空 1. __________ is that girl? She is my sister. 2. __________ do you go to school? By bike. 3. __________ is your birthday? It's on May 5th. 4. __________ students are there in your class? Forty. 5. __________ is the T-shirt? It's 50 yuan. 二、根据实际情况回答问题 1. What's your favorite color? ________________________________________________ 2. How do you go to school? ________________________________________________ 3. When do you usually have breakfast? ________________________________________________ 4. How many people are there in your family? ________________________________________________ 5. What is your father's job? ________________________________________________ 过关训练 单项选择 ( ) 1. —______ do you go to the library? —Twice a week. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon ( ) 2. —______ will you be back? —In a week. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon ( ) 3. —______ milk do you need? —Two glasses. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long ( ) 4. —______ is the river? —About 1,000 kilometers. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon ( ) 5. —______ is your mother? —She is a nurse. A. Who B. What C. Where D. How ( ) 6. What is your name? A. I'm twelve. B. I'm Tom. C. I'm fine. D. I'm a student. ( ) 7. How old are you? A. I'm fine. B. I'm a teacher. C. I'm twelve. D. I'm Tom. ( ) 8. Where is the bank? A. It's 9 o'clock. B. It's red. C. It's near the park. D. It's Tom's. ( ) 9. Why are you late? A. Because I got up late. B. I'm fine. C. By bus. D. At 7:00. ( ) 10. How often do you exercise? A. Two hours. B. Once a week. C. Two kilometers. D. In two days. 考点二 特殊疑问句的语序 使用秘籍： 特殊疑问句的语序通常有两种情况：当疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，用陈述句语序；当疑问词作其他成分时，用“疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序”。 一、疑问词作主语 当疑问词（who, what, which等）在句中作主语时，语序与陈述句相同。 - 例如：Who is singing in the next room?（谁在隔壁唱歌？） - 例如：What happened yesterday?（昨天发生了什么？） - 例如：Which is yours?（哪一个是你的？） 二、疑问词作其他成分 当疑问词作宾语、表语、状语等时，用“疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序”。 - 例如：What are you doing?（你在做什么？） - 例如：Where did you go yesterday?（你昨天去哪里了？） - 例如：Why do you like music?（你为什么喜欢音乐？） 三、常见结构对比 疑问词作用 结构 例句 作主语 疑问词 + 谓语 + 其他？ Who broke the window? 作宾语 疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语？ What do you want? 作表语 疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 表语？ What is your name? 作状语 疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语？ When did you arrive? 考点再现 将下列陈述句改为特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问） 1. My name is Tom.（对Tom提问） ________________________________________________ 2. She goes to school by bike.（对by bike提问） ________________________________________________ 3. He is reading a book in the library.（对in the library提问） ________________________________________________ 4. I have three apples.（对three提问） ________________________________________________ 5. The book is on the desk.（对on the desk提问） ________________________________________________ 过关训练 ( ) 1. —______ is the man in black? —He is my uncle. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How ( ) 2. —______ is your new bike? —It's 500 yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long ( ) 3. —______ do you go to school every day? —On foot. A. What B. Who C. When D. How ( ) 4. —______ is your sister? —She is very tall. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How ( ) 5. —______ will the meeting start? —At 9:00. A. What time B. How often C. How long D. How soon ( ) 6. —______ is knocking at the door? —It's my father. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How ( ) 7. —______ is your favorite subject? —English. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How ( ) 8. —______ did you buy this book? —Last week. A. What B. Who C. When D. How ( ) 9. —______ will come to the party? —About twenty people. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long ( ) 10. —______ are you late again? —Because I got up late. A. What B. Who C. When D. Why 一、用适当的特殊疑问词填空 1. ____________ is that woman? She is my aunt. 2. ____________ do you go to the cinema? Once a month. 3. ____________ is your school from your home? About two kilometers. 4. ____________ students are there in your school? About 1,000. 5. ____________ is the dress? It's 200 yuan. 6. ____________ is your birthday? It's on June 1st. 7. ____________ are you so happy? Because I passed the exam. 8. ____________ do you usually get to school? At 7:30. 9. ____________ book is this, yours or hers? It's mine. 10. ____________ do you like this movie? Very much. 二、将下列陈述句改为特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问） 1. He is my English teacher.（对my English teacher提问） ________________________________________________ 2. She goes to work by bus.（对by bus提问） ________________________________________________ 3. I have three pencils.（对three提问） ________________________________________________ 4. The supermarket is near the bank.（对near the bank提问） ________________________________________________ 5. He was late because he missed the bus.（对because he missed the bus提问） ________________________________________________ 三、单项选择 ( ) 1. —______ is your sister? —She is a doctor. A. Who B. What C. Where D. How ( ) 2. —______ do you have an art class? —Once a week. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon ( ) 3. —______ is the weather like today? —It's sunny. A. What B. How C. Which D. Who ( ) 4. —______ will the train arrive? —In ten minutes. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon ( ) 5. —______ is the river? —About 500 kilometers. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon ( ) 6. —______ is your new teacher? —He is very kind. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How ( ) 7. —______ is that boy? —He is my cousin. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How ( ) 8. —______ did you put my keys? —On the desk. A. What B. Who C. Where D. How ( ) 9. —______ do you like summer? —Because I can eat ice cream. A. What B. Who C. Where D. Why ( ) 10. —______ milk do we need? —Two bottles. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long 四、改错题 下列句子中有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. Who does sing in the next room? ________________________________________________ 2. What you are doing? ________________________________________________ 3. How many milk is there in the bottle? ________________________________________________ 4. Where she goes yesterday? ________________________________________________ 5. How soon have you lived here? —For five years. ________________________________________________ 6. Which do you like, apples or bananas? —Yes, I do. ________________________________________________ 7. What does your father like? —He is tall. ________________________________________________ 8. Who's coat is this? ________________________________________________ 答案与解析 考点梳理 考点一：特殊疑问句的基本结构 考点再现 一、用适当的特殊疑问词填空 1. Who - 解析：询问人物身份或关系，用Who。 2. How - 解析：By bike表示交通方式，用How提问。 3. When - 解析：on May 5th表示日期，用When提问。 4. How many - 解析：students是可数名词复数，用How many提问数量。 5. How much - 解析：50 yuan表示价格，用How much提问。 二、根据实际情况回答问题 （答案不唯一，仅供参考） 1. My favorite color is blue. 2. I go to school by bike. 3. I usually have breakfast at 7:00. 4. There are four people in my family. 5. He is a doctor. 过关训练 1. C - 解析：Twice a week表示频率，用How often提问。 2. D - 解析：In a week表示“一周后”，用How soon提问将来时间。 3. B - 解析：milk是不可数名词，用How much提问数量。 4. A - 解析：1,000 kilometers表示长度，用How long提问。 5. B - 解析：She is a nurse询问职业，用What提问。 6. B - 解析：询问名字，回答I'm Tom。 7. C - 解析：询问年龄，回答I'm twelve。 8. C - 解析：询问地点，回答It's near the park。 9. A - 解析：询问原因，回答Because I got up late。 10. B - 解析：询问频率，回答Once a week。 考点二 特殊疑问句的语序 考点再现 将下列陈述句改为特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问） 1. What is your name? - 解析：对Tom（名字）提问，用What。 2. How does she go to school? - 解析：对by bike（方式）提问，用How，动词恢复原形。 3. Where is he reading a book? - 解析：对in the library（地点）提问，用Where。 4. How many apples do you have? - 解析：对three（数量）提问，用How many，apples复数，助动词用do。 5. Where is the book? - 解析：对on the desk（地点）提问，用Where。 过关训练 1. B - 解析：He is my uncle询问人物身份，用Who。 2. B - 解析：500 yuan询问价格，用How much。 3. D - 解析：On foot表示方式，用How提问。 4. D - 解析：very tall描述外貌，用How提问“长得怎么样”。 5. A - 解析：At 9:00表示具体时间，用What time提问。 6. B - 解析：my father询问人物，用Who，疑问词作主语。 7. A - 解析：English询问具体科目，用What。 8. C - 解析：Last week表示时间，用When提问。 9. A - 解析：About twenty people表示人数，用How many。 10. D - 解析：Because I got up late表示原因，用Why提问。 强化练习 一、用适当的特殊疑问词填空 1. Who - 解析：my aunt表示人物，用Who。 2. How often - 解析：Once a month表示频率，用How often。 3. How far - 解析：About two kilometers表示距离，用How far。 4. How many - 解析：students是可数名词复数，用How many。 5. How much - 解析：200 yuan表示价格，用How much。 6. When - 解析：on June 1st表示日期，用When。 7. Why - 解析：Because表示原因，用Why。 8. What time - 解析：At 7:30表示具体时刻，用What time。 9. Whose - 解析：yours or hers询问所属，用Whose。 10. How - 解析：Very much表示程度，用How。 二、将下列陈述句改为特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问） 1. Who is he? - 解析：对my English teacher（人物）提问，用Who。 2. How does she go to work? - 解析：对by bus（方式）提问，用How。 3. How many pencils do you have? - 解析：对three（数量）提问，用How many。 4. Where is the supermarket? - 解析：对near the bank（地点）提问，用Where。 5. Why was he late? - 解析：对because引导的原因状语提问，用Why。 三、单项选择 1. B - 解析：She is a doctor询问职业，用What。 2. C - 解析：Once a week表示频率，用How often。 3. A - 解析：询问天气常用What's the weather like? 4. D - 解析：In ten minutes表示“十分钟后”，用How soon。 5. A - 解析：500 kilometers表示长度，用How long。 6. D - 解析：He is very kind询问评价，用How。 7. B - 解析：He is my cousin询问人物，用Who。 8. C - 解析：On the desk表示地点，用Where。 9. D - 解析：Because表示原因，用Why。 10. B - 解析：milk是不可数名词，用How much。 四、改错题 1. 错误：does sing 改正：sings - 解析：疑问词who作主语，用陈述句语序，Who sings in the next room? 2. 错误：What you are doing 改正：What are you doing - 解析：疑问词作宾语，用“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”。 3. 错误：How many 改正：How much - 解析：milk是不可数名词，用How much提问。 4. 错误：Where she goes 改正：Where did she go - 解析：yesterday提示过去时，需借助did构成疑问句。 5. 错误：How soon 改正：How long - 解析：For five years表示时间段，用How long提问。 6. 错误：Yes, I do 改正：Apples. （或具体选择对象） - 解析：Which在两者中选择，需直接回答选择哪一个，不能用Yes/No。 7. 错误：He is tall 改正：He likes apples. （答案不唯一，需回答喜欢什么） - 解析：What does your father like?询问爱好，需回答具体事物。 8. 错误：Who's 改正：Whose - 解析：询问所属关系，用Whose。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $