Unit1 Period 2 Using language（导学案）（含思维提升训练）英语外研版必修第三册

该高中英语导学案聚焦外研版必修第三册Unit 1“人际交往”主题，核心围绕与人际交往相关的核心动词（如forgive, criticise等）及-ed形式作状语的用法展开。课堂导入通过基础词汇与词块记忆搭建学习支架，从词汇搭配到语法规则解析，再到真实语境应用，形成由浅入深的知识脉络。 本资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“知识梳理+即学即练”模式实现词汇与语法的即时巩固，真实交往情境任务提升语言运用能力，分层书面表达作业兼顾不同水平学生，助力学习能力发展，习题设计注重语境化与实用性，强化知识迁移。

外研版必修第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you Period 2 Using language（导学案） 1. 掌握与人际交往相关的核心动词，并能在具体语境中准确运用。 √ forgive, criticise, apologise, complain, judge 2. 理解并掌握 -ed 形式作状语 的基本用法，明确其与主句主语之间的逻辑关系（被动或状态）。 3. 能区分 -ed 形式 与 -ing 形式 作状语在意义上的差异，并在句子中正确选择。 4. 能在真实的人际交往情境中，运用所学词汇与 -ed 形式作状语表达情绪、说明原因或状态，使表达更简洁、得体。 一、基础词汇记忆 1. ____________ /stiːm/ n. 蒸汽；水汽 2. ____________ /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略；战略 3. ____________ /kɔːr/ adj. 核心的；关键的 4. ____________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的 → ____________ v. 依靠；依赖→ ____________ adj. 依赖的 5. ____________ /sɪŋk/ v. 使（船）沉没（过去式、过去分词 ____________ ，____________ ） 6. ____________ /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 职责；义务；责任 7. ____________ /dɪˈsiːv/ v. 欺骗；蒙骗 8. ____________ /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. 证明……正当；为……辩护 9. ____________ /fræŋk/ adj. 坦率的；坦诚的 → ____________ adv. 坦率地 10. ____________ /əˈpɑːt/ adv. 分开地；相隔 11. ____________ /teə(r)/ n. 眼泪；泪水 v. 撕；扯（过去式、过去分词 ____________ ，____________ 二、词块记忆 1.帮一把 ___________ 2.使失望；辜负___________ 3.吸一口气___________ 4. 做好分内事；尽责___________ 5. 偶然；意外地___________ Part 1 Using language 【知识梳理1】核心动词在交往语境中的用法 apologise / forgive / criticise / complain / judge 这些动词常用于描述人与人之间的态度、行为和结果，理解其用法有助于更得体地表达观点。 【常用搭配】 apologise to sb. for sth. 向某人因某事道歉 forgive sb. for sth. 原谅某人某事 criticise sb. for sth. 因某事批评某人 complain about sth. 抱怨某事 judge sb. by sth. 根据某方面评价某人 【即学即练】 用所给提示完成句子。 1. You should ____________ to your friend ____________ your careless words. 2. Don’t ____________ others ____________ one single mistake. 3. She finally ____________ him ____________ what he had done. 4. He is always ____________ ____________ the food in the school canteen. 5. The teacher ____________ him ____________ speaking without thinking. Part 2 Grammar Focus 【知识梳理2】-ed 形式作状语的意义 -ed形式作状语，用来说明主句主语所处的状态或主语承受的动作，常表示原因、时间、条件或伴随情况。 【常用搭配】 encouraged by … 受到……鼓励 influenced by … 受……影响 criticised by … 被……批评 separated from … 与……分离 reminded of … 被提醒…… 【即学即练】 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. ____________ (encourage) by his teacher, he decided to try again. 2. ____________ (criticise) by others, she felt quite embarrassed. 3. ____________ (separate) from his friends, he felt lonely at first. 4. ____________ (influence) by emotions, people may say things they don’t mean. 5. ____________ (remind) of the saying, he chose to stay silent. Part 3 Language Application 【知识梳理3】-ed 与 -ing 形式作状语的区别 -ed 形式：主语是动作的承受者或处于某种状态 -ing 形式：主语是动作的发出者，表示主动行为 【即学即练】 选择正确形式完成句子。 1. ____________ (Influenced / Influencing) by anger, he said something rude. 2. ____________ (Believed / Believing) he was right, he refused to apologise. 3. ____________ (Judged / Judging) by appearance, people are often misunderstood. 4. ____________ (Encouraged / Encouraging) others, she shared her own experience. Part 4 Sentence Practice 【知识梳理4】-ed 形式作状语在表达中的作用 使用 -ed 形式作状语，可以使句子更简洁、更正式，常用于书面表达。 【即学即练】 根据汉语提示完成句子，要求使用 -ed 形式作状语。 1. ____________（受到误解）, he chose to explain calmly. 2. ____________（被朋友提醒）, she apologised immediately. 3. ____________（受到情绪影响）, we may judge others unfairly. 4. ____________（与家人分开）, he learned to be independent. 【知识梳理5】情绪形容词与 -ed 作状语的结合使用 在描述人际交往中的情绪时，常用 情绪类形容词 + -ed 形式作状语，用来说明人物所处的心理状态。 常见情绪类形容词包括： embarrassed，disappointed，annoyed，confused，satisfied 等。 【常用搭配】 embarrassed by … 因……而感到尴尬 disappointed with / by … 对……感到失望 annoyed at / by … 对……感到恼火 confused about … 对……感到困惑 satisfied with … 对……感到满意 【即学即练】 用括号内所给词的正确形式完成句子。 1. ____________ (embarrass) by his mistake, he didn’t know what to say. 2. ____________ (disappoint) with the result, she decided to try again. 3. ____________ (annoy) by the noise, the teacher stopped the class. 4. ____________ (confuse) about the rules, he asked for help. 5. ____________ (satisfy) with her progress, she felt more confident. 【知识梳理6】用 -ed 作状语表达“原因 + 结果” -ed 形式作状语常用来说明主句动作发生的原因，使表达更加紧凑。 【例句】 Encouraged by his parents, he chose to face the problem bravely. 在父母的鼓励下，他选择勇敢面对问题。 Influenced by others, she changed her opinion. 受他人影响，她改变了主意。 【即学即练】 将下列句子改写为使用 -ed 形式作状语的句子。 1. Because he was influenced by anger, he spoke without thinking. → _______________________________________________ 2. As she was encouraged by her friends, she decided to speak out. → _______________________________________________ 3. Because they were separated from their families, they felt lonely. → _______________________________________________ 4. When he was criticised by others, he became more careful. → _______________________________________________ 【知识梳理7】在真实交往语境中使用所学结构 在表达建议、反思或态度时，合理使用 -ed 作状语可以让语言更自然、更正式。 【即学即练】 根据情境完成句子，要求使用 -ed 形式作状语。 1. 因为被朋友的话伤到，他选择保持沉默。 → ____________ ____________ his friend’s words, he chose to keep silent. 2. 受到老师鼓励后，她不再害怕表达自己的观点。 → ____________ ____________ her teacher, she was no longer afraid to express her ideas. 3. 被提醒要冷静下来后，他向对方道了歉。 → ____________ ____________ calm down, he apologised to the other person. 4. 与他人比较之后，她学会了正确看待自己。 → ____________ ____________ others, she learned to see herself clearly. 【课堂小结提升】 通过本课学习，你应能够： 1. 在人际交往语境中正确理解并使用核心动词； 2. 熟练掌握 -ed 形式作状语的结构和意义； 3. 在表达情绪、原因和态度时，使语言更加准确、得体。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The boss was ________________ (annoy) with him because he failed to finish the work on time. 2.According to the present situation,he had to make ________________ (adjust) to his plan. 3.________________ (disappoint) by the poor performance of his players, the coach shook his head. 4.______(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 5.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ________ (stare) at the night sky. 6.Though ________________ (face) with difficulties, the company held on and took the lead in 5G technology. 7.Easily____________ (annoy) by comments, the girl student is very sensitive to what others think of her. 8.Due to the bad weather, they had to make an____________(adjust)to the time of the meeting. 9.To avoid the __________ (embarrass) of hair that stands up, simply wet your comb. 10.___________(face) with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his parents for some advice. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone makes 1 mistake at some point, but when we hurt our parents 2 love us all their life, it’s especially heartbreaking. The good news is that their big hearts have room for forgiveness if we just ask. Anna, a senior high school student, argued with her parents, and she 3 (write) a letter to his parents for forgiveness yesterday. Dear Mom and Dad. I’m sorry about my argument with you. I haven’t been the girl as you are expecting. My behavior was impolite. All I have done was just so stupid. I haven’t been focusing 4 what is more important. The two of you are always working hard for my brother and me. I’m sorry to miss the understanding of how hard you have been working for our family, and I just didn’t value anything I have. I now realize how you want everything to be perfect for 5 (we). It is wrong of me 6 (take) advantage of you giving me the first, the second, and the 7 (three) chances. I know if I keep 8 (perform) badly like this, I will never be a winner in the future. I want to go to college, and I want to make you take 9 (proud) in me. I promise to do better from now on. Yours, Anna. Such an apology(道歉) letter is a 10 (use) way to start a conversation, and Anna’s parents forgave her. 三、完形填空 I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____1____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ____2____, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____3____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____4____ it! Between the girl making my ____5____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ___6_____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I ____7____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____8____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ___9_____ her bike and went for a ride. The ____10____: the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ___11_____. That day, I got ___12_____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ___13_____. I’ve ____14____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____15____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 1.A．knew B．held C．won D．quit 2.A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 3.A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 4.A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 5.A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 6.A．way B．risk C．place D．reason 7.A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 8.A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 9.A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 10.A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 11.A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 12.A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 13.A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 14.A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 15.A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests 一、阅读理解 A Almost everyone gossips. And a new study finds that people spend about 52 minutes per day, on average, talking to someone about others who are not present But here’s the surprise: Despite the assumption that most gossip is trash talk, the study finds the majority of gossip is nonjudgmental chat. “People love to talk about others,” says Jeremy Cone, a psychologist at Williams College. “Think about your own conversations with a family member or friend: You talk about everyday things that keep you connected. You share your daughter got her driver’s license or your uncle has a kidney stone. Much of it is just documenting facts.” Of course, the study also finds that some gossip is negative or mean-spirited. About 15% of the gossip included some type of negative judgement. But even negative gossip can serve a purpose, as more research has found. “I think gossiping can be a smart thing to do,” says Elena Martinescu who has studied gossip in the workplace. “It allows people to keep track of what’s going on and form social connection with other people.” Research has shown that gossip can help build group cohesion (凝聚力) and cooperation. “When you gossip, you can keep track of who is contributing to the group and who's being selfish,” Martinescu explains. “And by sharing this information, you can exclude those group members who are social loafers (游手好闲的人).” “We also found negative gossip makes people likely to repair the aspects of their behavior that they were criticized for,” Martinescu says. So, say, for instance, you were criticized for always arriving at work late. Hearing that gossip about yourself may motivate you to want to be on time. Of course, this isn’t a license to be loose lips or to repeat baseless claims that can damage someone’s reputation unfairly. But confiding (吐露个人隐私) in your friends and colleagues and sharing impressions about another person — even when they’re negative — may be helpful. 1. Why do people often gossip according to Jeremy Cone? A．Because gossip can satisfy their curiosity. B．Because they can share social information. C．Because they want to correct others’ mistakes. D．Because spreading negative facts is unavoidable. 2. In Elena Martinescu’s opinion, what can people benefit from gossip? A．People can be improved in an all-round way. B．People can get rid of immoral behavior rapidly. C．People can be kept informed of others' privacy. D．People can change their behavior for the better.. 3. Which of the following statements is right according to the text? A．It is plain to see that people gossip all the time. B．Based on the study, the majority of gossip is trash talk. C．It’s advisable that we turn a deaf ear to negative gossip. D．It’s likely that gossip helps us know more about one's quality. 4. What conclusion can we draw about gossip? A．Gossip is the last thing people could do. B．Gossip should be advocated by the society. C．Gossip may not be as harmful as it sounds. D．Gossip is the best way to build social bonds. B The World’s oldest pen pals have both turned 100 after 84 years of transatlantic (跨大洋) letters. Geoff Banks from Honiton, Devon, UK and Celesta Byrne, from the US, started to write to each other when they were just 16 in 1938. They met as part of an educational project to put British and American students in contact and 84 years later they still keep contacting. Geoff once was a retired engineer. He said, “I can’t quite remember how we could get in touch, but I was talking to Celesta recently. And I think it was something to do with an American school’s plan. The plan matched us up with Americans for a pen pal relationship and somehow I ended up with this letter from an American girl, and we just kept contacting ever since. There were a couple of years when we tried very hard to keep in touch because of the war. Now of course she is poorly sighted, so I contact mainly by email to one of her daughters who lives nearby. Email is much easier for me these days too, because I can’t write very well anymore. In the email, we just talk about our daily lives and our own families. She’s always been there to write to. even if it was just birthday cards and Christmas cards.” Though they have chatted for over 80 years, the pair has only ever met twice — their first meeting in 2002 while Geoff visited New York, and then two years later. Nowadays, Geoff is a great grandfather. He lives a happy life. He has three sons who settles across the world and many more grandchildren. “I have this new thing called Zoom. I think now it’s time to chat with her, but I leave all the technology to younger people. They’re much better at pressing all the buttons”. 5. What may bring Geoff and Celesta to be pen pals? A．An American school’s plan. B．Geoff’s visit to New York. C．The world war. D．Communication technology. 6. Why did Geoff use email to write letters later? A．Because he relied on Zoom to chat. B．Because he suffered from eye disease. C．Because he was unable to write well. D．Because writing is too boring for him. 7. What can we infer from the passage? A．Pen pals are true friends. B．True friendship survives time and space. C．Letters were not allowed during the war. D．Technology builds friendship. 8. What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A Zoom: a new technology to chat. B．A great way to keep in touch. C．Importance of being pen pals. D．Oldest pen pals in the world. C I don’t believe lying in children is usually a moral (道德的) problem. So, I think it’s unnecessary to take it personally if your child lies. Indeed, most kids don’t lie to hurt their parents. They lie because there’s something else going on. As a parent, what matters most is that you should know the behavior behind the lie when you know the lie in the first place. If you’re taking it personally, you’re probably angry and not clearing up the behavior that leads to the lie. Let’s say your child didn’t do his homework, but he told you he did. When you find out that he is lying, he explains that he was playing sports with his friends after school. And that’s why he didn’t do his homework. At this point, you have a choice to make as a parent. Either you can focus on (关注) the fact that your child lied to you, or you can focus on the fact that he did not complete his homework. I strongly recommend that you focus on the underlying (根本的) behavior - the homework not being completed. As your child improves the underlying behavior, the reason for lying will go away. He won’t need to lie. But if you shout at your child because of his lying or showing disrespect, then that’s all you’re going to be able to deal with. Your child will shut down. And you’re not going to be able to know the real problem of your child and he still can’t finish his homework and may lie again. Your anger caused by the lie is not going to help your child change the behavior that makes the lie necessary for him. So, don’t be angry when you find your child has lieD. Remember that lying is not strictly a moral problem. Your child is lying because he doesn’t know how to get his homework done on time. You can help him work on how to finish his homework and improve his problem - solving ability. 9. What is the most important thing parents should do if they find their child lying? A．Finding out the real cause of it. B．Letting him know the harm of telling lies. C．Making him promise he will never lie. D．Showing respect for him while talking. 10. According to the author, what will take place if the parents focus on lying itself? A．The child will study less hard. B．The child will probably stop lying. C．The child will share the reason for lying. D．The child will refuse to talk about the problem. 11. How does the author support her point of view in the text? A．By doing an experiment. B．By making a comparison. C．By sharing a personal experience. D．By providing scientific findings. 12. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage parents to be nicer to their children. B．To show the bad influence of lying on children. C．To tell parents how to deal with their children’s lying. D．To explain why children like lying to their parents. 二、思维提升-观点分享 任务说明 Share one communication problem you have experienced and talk about how it could be handled in a better way. 1. Think of a situation where someone’s words caused misunderstanding or embarrassment. 2. Explain what happened and how the problem could be solved through proper communication. 3. Practise your short presentation with your partner. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 写作情境 假使你是李华，你的外国笔友 Peter 在与朋友相处时，经常因为说话方式不当而引发误会。他来信向你求助，希望学会更好的沟通方式。 请你结合 本课所学词汇与 -ed 形式作状语，给 Peter 提出建议。 写作要点 ① 不当言行可能带来的影响 ② 如何通过冷静表达与有效沟通解决问题 1. 写三条建议 要求： · 至少使用 5 个本课所学单词或短语 （如 apologise, judge, criticise, forgive, influenced by, embarrassed, -ed 作状语等） 2. 写一封完整的建议信 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版必修第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you Period 2 Using language（导学案） 1. 掌握与人际交往相关的核心动词，并能在具体语境中准确运用。 √ forgive, criticise, apologise, complain, judge 2. 理解并掌握 -ed 形式作状语 的基本用法，明确其与主句主语之间的逻辑关系（被动或状态）。 3. 能区分 -ed 形式 与 -ing 形式 作状语在意义上的差异，并在句子中正确选择。 4. 能在真实的人际交往情境中，运用所学词汇与 -ed 形式作状语表达情绪、说明原因或状态，使表达更简洁、得体。 一、基础词汇记忆 1. ____________ /stiːm/ n. 蒸汽；水汽 2. ____________ /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略；战略 3. ____________ /kɔːr/ adj. 核心的；关键的 4. ____________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的 → ____________ v. 依靠；依赖→ ____________ adj. 依赖的 5. ____________ /sɪŋk/ v. 使（船）沉没（过去式、过去分词 ____________ ，____________ ） 6. ____________ /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 职责；义务；责任 7. ____________ /dɪˈsiːv/ v. 欺骗；蒙骗 8. ____________ /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. 证明……正当；为……辩护 9. ____________ /fræŋk/ adj. 坦率的；坦诚的 → ____________ adv. 坦率地 10. ____________ /əˈpɑːt/ adv. 分开地；相隔 11. ____________ /teə(r)/ n. 眼泪；泪水 v. 撕；扯（过去式、过去分词 ____________ ，____________ 【答案】 1.steam 2.strategy 3.core 4.independent depend dependent 5.sink sank sunk 6.responsibility 7.deceive 8.justify 9.frank frankly 10.apart 11.tear tore torn 二、词块记忆 1.帮一把 ___________ 2.使失望；辜负___________ 3.吸一口气___________ 4. 做好分内事；尽责___________ 5. 偶然；意外地___________ 【答案】 1.give sb a hand 2.let sb down 3.take a breath 4.pull one’s weight 5.by accident Part 1 Using language 【知识梳理1】核心动词在交往语境中的用法 apologise / forgive / criticise / complain / judge 这些动词常用于描述人与人之间的态度、行为和结果，理解其用法有助于更得体地表达观点。 【常用搭配】 apologise to sb. for sth. 向某人因某事道歉 forgive sb. for sth. 原谅某人某事 criticise sb. for sth. 因某事批评某人 complain about sth. 抱怨某事 judge sb. by sth. 根据某方面评价某人 【即学即练】 用所给提示完成句子。 1. You should ____________ to your friend ____________ your careless words. 2. Don’t ____________ others ____________ one single mistake. 3. She finally ____________ him ____________ what he had done. 4. He is always ____________ ____________ the food in the school canteen. 5. The teacher ____________ him ____________ speaking without thinking. 【答案】1.apologise; for 2. judge; by 3.forgave; for 4.complaining about 5.criticised; for Part 2 Grammar Focus 【知识梳理2】-ed 形式作状语的意义 -ed形式作状语，用来说明主句主语所处的状态或主语承受的动作，常表示原因、时间、条件或伴随情况。 【常用搭配】 encouraged by … 受到……鼓励 influenced by … 受……影响 criticised by … 被……批评 separated from … 与……分离 reminded of … 被提醒…… 【即学即练】 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. ____________ (encourage) by his teacher, he decided to try again. 2. ____________ (criticise) by others, she felt quite embarrassed. 3. ____________ (separate) from his friends, he felt lonely at first. 4. ____________ (influence) by emotions, people may say things they don’t mean. 5. ____________ (remind) of the saying, he chose to stay silent. 【答案】1.Encouraged 2.Criticised 3.Separated 4.Influenced 5.Reminded Part 3 Language Application 【知识梳理3】-ed 与 -ing 形式作状语的区别 -ed 形式：主语是动作的承受者或处于某种状态 -ing 形式：主语是动作的发出者，表示主动行为 【即学即练】 选择正确形式完成句子。 1. ____________ (Influenced / Influencing) by anger, he said something rude. 2. ____________ (Believed / Believing) he was right, he refused to apologise. 3. ____________ (Judged / Judging) by appearance, people are often misunderstood. 4. ____________ (Encouraged / Encouraging) others, she shared her own experience. 【答案】1.Influenced 2.Believing 3.Judged 4.Encouraging Part 4 Sentence Practice 【知识梳理4】-ed 形式作状语在表达中的作用 使用 -ed 形式作状语，可以使句子更简洁、更正式，常用于书面表达。 【即学即练】 根据汉语提示完成句子，要求使用 -ed 形式作状语。 1. ____________（受到误解）, he chose to explain calmly. 2. ____________（被朋友提醒）, she apologised immediately. 3. ____________（受到情绪影响）, we may judge others unfairly. 4. ____________（与家人分开）, he learned to be independent. 【答案】1.Misunderstood by others 2.Reminded by her friend 3.Influenced by emotions 4.Separated from his family 【知识梳理5】情绪形容词与 -ed 作状语的结合使用 在描述人际交往中的情绪时，常用 情绪类形容词 + -ed 形式作状语，用来说明人物所处的心理状态。 常见情绪类形容词包括： embarrassed，disappointed，annoyed，confused，satisfied 等。 【常用搭配】 embarrassed by … 因……而感到尴尬 disappointed with / by … 对……感到失望 annoyed at / by … 对……感到恼火 confused about … 对……感到困惑 satisfied with … 对……感到满意 【即学即练】 用括号内所给词的正确形式完成句子。 1. ____________ (embarrass) by his mistake, he didn’t know what to say. 2. ____________ (disappoint) with the result, she decided to try again. 3. ____________ (annoy) by the noise, the teacher stopped the class. 4. ____________ (confuse) about the rules, he asked for help. 5. ____________ (satisfy) with her progress, she felt more confident. 【答案】1.Embarrassed 2.Disappointed 3.Annoyed 4.Confused 5.Satisfied 【知识梳理6】用 -ed 作状语表达“原因 + 结果” -ed 形式作状语常用来说明主句动作发生的原因，使表达更加紧凑。 【例句】 Encouraged by his parents, he chose to face the problem bravely. 在父母的鼓励下，他选择勇敢面对问题。 Influenced by others, she changed her opinion. 受他人影响，她改变了主意。 【即学即练】 将下列句子改写为使用 -ed 形式作状语的句子。 1. Because he was influenced by anger, he spoke without thinking. → _______________________________________________ 2. As she was encouraged by her friends, she decided to speak out. → _______________________________________________ 3. Because they were separated from their families, they felt lonely. → _______________________________________________ 4. When he was criticised by others, he became more careful. → _______________________________________________ 【答案】1.Influenced by anger, he spoke without thinking. 2. Encouraged by her friends, she decided to speak out. 3. Separated from their families, they felt lonely. 4. Criticised by others, he became more careful. 【知识梳理7】在真实交往语境中使用所学结构 在表达建议、反思或态度时，合理使用 -ed 作状语可以让语言更自然、更正式。 【即学即练】 根据情境完成句子，要求使用 -ed 形式作状语。 1. 因为被朋友的话伤到，他选择保持沉默。 → ____________ ____________ his friend’s words, he chose to keep silent. 2. 受到老师鼓励后，她不再害怕表达自己的观点。 → ____________ ____________ her teacher, she was no longer afraid to express her ideas. 3. 被提醒要冷静下来后，他向对方道了歉。 → ____________ ____________ calm down, he apologised to the other person. 4. 与他人比较之后，她学会了正确看待自己。 → ____________ ____________ others, she learned to see herself clearly. 【答案】1.Hurt by 2.Encouraged by 3.Reminded to 4.Compared with 【课堂小结提升】 通过本课学习，你应能够： 1. 在人际交往语境中正确理解并使用核心动词； 2. 熟练掌握 -ed 形式作状语的结构和意义； 3. 在表达情绪、原因和态度时，使语言更加准确、得体。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The boss was ________________ (annoy) with him because he failed to finish the work on time. 【答案】annoyed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：老板对他很生气，因为他没能按时完成工作。空处作表语，描述人的心理状态，应用v-ed形式的形容词；be annoyed with“对..生气”是固定搭配。故填annoyed。 2.According to the present situation,he had to make ________________ (adjust) to his plan. 【答案】adjustments 【解析】考查名词。句意：根据目前的情况，他不得不对他的计划作些调整。作宾语，应用名词adjustment，此处为短语makeadjustmentsto表示“对…进行调整〞。故填adjustments。 3.________________ (disappoint) by the poor performance of his players, the coach shook his head. 【答案】Disappointed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：教练对队员们的糟糕表现感到失望，摇了摇头。分析句子结构，逗号前的部分应为形容词短语作状语。形容词说明指人的the coach的状态，所以应用-ed形式形容词，即disappointed，表示“失望的”，首字母应大写。故填Disappointed。 4.______(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 【答案】Raised 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区长大，为了成为一名足球明星，他经历了漫长而艰难的道路。分析句子可知，逗号之后为主句，动词raise意为“抚养”，句子主语he和raise之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词raised，表被动，在句中做状语。故填Raised。 5.There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ________ (stare) at the night sky. 【答案】staring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有什么比躺在草原中央，凝视夜空更快乐的了。分析句子可知，本句使用了therebe结构，根据句中的“on my back”可知，"lying”的动作由“我”发出，而stare与其逻辑主语“我〞是主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填staring。 6.Though ________________ (face) with difficulties, the company held on and took the lead in 5G technology. 【答案】faced 【解析】考查状语从句省略句。句意：尽管面临困难，但该公司坚持不懈，在5G技术方面处于领先地位。though引导的让步状语从句的主语和主句的主 语一致，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是Thoughthecompanywasfacedwithdifficulties，省略了主语和be动词，空处需填过去分词形式。故填faced。 7.Easily____________ (annoy) by comments, the girl student is very sensitive to what others think of her. 【答案】annoyed 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：这个女生很容易被别人的评论惹恼，对别人对她的看法非常敏感。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，主语the girl student与annoy为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词形式作状语。故填annoyed。 8.Due to the bad weather, they had to make an____________(adjust)to the time of the meeting. 【答案】adjustment 【解析】考查名词。句意：由于天气不好，他们不得不调整会议时间。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，adjustment，表“调整”，为可数名词，且由空前an可知，这里应用单数形式。故填adjustment。 9.To avoid the __________ (embarrass) of hair that stands up, simply wet your comb. 【答案】embarrassment 【解析】考查名词。句意：为了避免头发竖起来的尴尬，只要把梳子弄湿就可以了。根据句意及空处定冠词the可知，空处应填名词embarrassment“尷尬”，作宾语，不可数名词，故填embarrassment。 10.___________(face) with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his parents for some advice. 【答案】Faced 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对着困难的情况，他决定向父母征求建议。动词face使…⋯面对，动词face与主语he构成被动关系，要用过去分词作状语。所以要填Faced。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Everyone makes 1 mistake at some point, but when we hurt our parents 2 love us all their life, it’s especially heartbreaking. The good news is that their big hearts have room for forgiveness if we just ask. Anna, a senior high school student, argued with her parents, and she 3 (write) a letter to his parents for forgiveness yesterday. Dear Mom and Dad. I’m sorry about my argument with you. I haven’t been the girl as you are expecting. My behavior was impolite. All I have done was just so stupid. I haven’t been focusing 4 what is more important. The two of you are always working hard for my brother and me. I’m sorry to miss the understanding of how hard you have been working for our family, and I just didn’t value anything I have. I now realize how you want everything to be perfect for 5 (we). It is wrong of me 6 (take) advantage of you giving me the first, the second, and the 7 (three) chances. I know if I keep 8 (perform) badly like this, I will never be a winner in the future. I want to go to college, and I want to make you take 9 (proud) in me. I promise to do better from now on. Yours, Anna. Such an apology(道歉) letter is a 10 (use) way to start a conversation, and Anna’s parents forgave her. 【答案】1.a 2.who 3.wrote 4. on 5.us 6. to take 7. third 8. performing 9.pride 10. useful 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过举例介绍了和父母沟通，获得父母原谅的有效方式，那就是书信。 【小题1】考查冠词。句意：每个人都会在某个时候犯错误，但是当我们伤害了一辈子爱我们的父母的时候，就特别让人心碎。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词，表示“一个”是泛指，应使用不定冠词，空格后的单词mistake以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。 【小题2】考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处缺少限定性定语从句引导词，先行词是ourparents，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可以使用关系代词who引导。故填who。 【小题3】考查动词时态。句意：安娜，一个高中生，和她的父母争论，她昨天给她的父母写了一封信请求原谅。分析句子可知，空格处动词write为句子的谓语，根据yesterday可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，故填wrote。 【小题4】考查介词。句意：我没有注意到什么是更重要的。分析句子可知，空格处缺少介词on，和前面的动词focus构成固定短语focus on“专注于〞，故填on。 【小题5】考查代词。句意：我现在意识到你是多么希望我们的一切都完美。分析句子可知，空格处为介词for的宾语，应使用宾格形式，故填us。 【小题6】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不该利用你给我第一次、第二次和第三次机会。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，空格处为句子的真正主语，应使用不定式，故填to take。 【小题7】考查序数词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，结合前面“the first,the second”可知，空格处表示的是“第三次”，故填third。 【小题8】考查非谓语动词。句意：我知道如果我继续这样糟糕地表现，我将来永远不会成为一个胜利者。分析句子可知，空格处为动词keep的宾语，构成固定搭配keep doing“一直做”，此处应使用动名词，充当宾语，故填performing。 【小题9】考查名词。句意：我要上大学，我要让你们因我而感到自豪。分析句子可知，空格处为动词take的宾语，应使用名词pride，构成固定 短语takepridein"以...自豪"，pride是不可数名词，故填pride。 【小题10】考查形容词。句意：这样的道歉信是一种有用的开始对话的方式，安娜的父母原谅了她。分析句子可知，空格处为定语修饰名词way，应使用形容词useful“有用的”，作定语，故填useful。 三、完形填空 I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____1____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ____2____, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____3____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____4____ it! Between the girl making my ____5____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ___6_____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I ____7____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____8____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ___9_____ her bike and went for a ride. The ____10____: the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ___11_____. That day, I got ___12_____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ___13_____. I’ve ____14____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____15____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 1.A．knew B．held C．won D．quit 2.A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 3.A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 4.A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 5.A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 6.A．way B．risk C．place D．reason 7.A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 8.A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 9.A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 10.A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 11.A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 12.A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 13.A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 14.A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 15.A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests 【答案】 【小题1】C 【小题2】A 【小题3】D 【小题4】C 【小题5】B 【小题6】D 【小题7】C 【小题8】B 【小题9】B 【小题10】A 【小题11】D 【小题12】A 【小题13】D 【小题14】B 【小题15】C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变 【小题1】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A.knew知道；B.held抓住；C.won赢得；D.quit退出。根据后文“Feelingmotivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。 【小题2】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A.regularly有规律地；B.silently默默地；C.proudly自豪地；D.recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。 【小题3】考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B.looking看；C.waiting等待；D.training训练。根据后文“referring to a52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。 【小题4】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它！A.made制作；B.believed相信；C.hated讨厌；D.deserved值得。根据前 文"Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15miles."以及后文Between the girl making my ____5____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging,可知，作者最长跑了15miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。 【小题5】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大 狗在追我！A.advantage优势；B.achievement成就；C.contribution贡献；D.influence影响。根据前文"Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15miles."以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15miles，而女孩在为52.4miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。 【小题6】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大 狗在追我！A.way方式；B.risk风险；C.place地方；D.reason理由。根据后文"I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me！”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。 【小题7】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A.gaveup放弃；B.wenton继续；C.turnedto转向；D.dealtwith处理。根据 前文I decided that the only ___6_____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。 【小题8】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A.heard听到；B.dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D.approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。 【小题9】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A.painted把⋯描绘成；B.borrowed借；C.bought 买；D.parked停（车）。根据前文"flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。 【小题10】考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A.problem问题；B.secret秘密；C. principle原则；D.advice建议。根据后文"'I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ___11_____. ”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。 【小题11】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A.dangers危险；B.events事件；C.opponents对手；D.challenges挑战。根据前文"The: the roads there went through large valleys where !' d be riding uphill for miles at a time." ,作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。 【小题12】考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A.passed超过；B. convinced说服；C.admired欣赏；D.stopped阻止。根据前文"I'd never faced such ___11____“可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。 【小题13】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A.reliable可信赖的；B.convenient方便的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.appealing吸引人的。根据前文“Thatday,Igot 12 by about 100 "local" bikers who were used to suchroads."可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。 【小题14】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A.traveled旅行：B.matured（情感和认识）成熟；C.missed思念；D.worried 担心。根据后文"I’ve come to accept that whatever ____15____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own."可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。 【小题15】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A.limits限制；B. dates日期；C.goals目标；D.tests测试。根据后文"I’ve come to accept that whatever ____15____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own."可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标”，符合语境。故选C项。 一、阅读理解 A Almost everyone gossips. And a new study finds that people spend about 52 minutes per day, on average, talking to someone about others who are not present But here’s the surprise: Despite the assumption that most gossip is trash talk, the study finds the majority of gossip is nonjudgmental chat. “People love to talk about others,” says Jeremy Cone, a psychologist at Williams College. “Think about your own conversations with a family member or friend: You talk about everyday things that keep you connected. You share your daughter got her driver’s license or your uncle has a kidney stone. Much of it is just documenting facts.” Of course, the study also finds that some gossip is negative or mean-spirited. About 15% of the gossip included some type of negative judgement. But even negative gossip can serve a purpose, as more research has found. “I think gossiping can be a smart thing to do,” says Elena Martinescu who has studied gossip in the workplace. “It allows people to keep track of what’s going on and form social connection with other people.” Research has shown that gossip can help build group cohesion (凝聚力) and cooperation. “When you gossip, you can keep track of who is contributing to the group and who's being selfish,” Martinescu explains. “And by sharing this information, you can exclude those group members who are social loafers (游手好闲的人).” “We also found negative gossip makes people likely to repair the aspects of their behavior that they were criticized for,” Martinescu says. So, say, for instance, you were criticized for always arriving at work late. Hearing that gossip about yourself may motivate you to want to be on time. Of course, this isn’t a license to be loose lips or to repeat baseless claims that can damage someone’s reputation unfairly. But confiding (吐露个人隐私) in your friends and colleagues and sharing impressions about another person — even when they’re negative — may be helpful. 1. Why do people often gossip according to Jeremy Cone? A．Because gossip can satisfy their curiosity. B．Because they can share social information. C．Because they want to correct others’ mistakes. D．Because spreading negative facts is unavoidable. 2. In Elena Martinescu’s opinion, what can people benefit from gossip? A．People can be improved in an all-round way. B．People can get rid of immoral behavior rapidly. C．People can be kept informed of others' privacy. D．People can change their behavior for the better.. 3. Which of the following statements is right according to the text? A．It is plain to see that people gossip all the time. B．Based on the study, the majority of gossip is trash talk. C．It’s advisable that we turn a deaf ear to negative gossip. D．It’s likely that gossip helps us know more about one's quality. 4. What conclusion can we draw about gossip? A．Gossip is the last thing people could do. B．Gossip should be advocated by the society. C．Gossip may not be as harmful as it sounds. D．Gossip is the best way to build social bonds. 【答案】 【小题1】B 【小题2】D 【小题3】D 【小题4】C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对八卦进行了一个客观的评价，我们可能想象不到八卦也有其好处。 【小题1】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Jeremy Cone的话“Think about your own conversations with a family member or friend: You talk about everyday things that keep you connected. You share your daughter got her driver’s license or your uncle has a kidney stone. Much of it is just documenting facts.”（想象一下你和家人或者朋友的对话：你们谈论让你们保持联系的日常事务。你的女儿拿到驾照了或者你叔叔得了肾结石。其中大部分只是记录事实）”可知，JeremyCone认为八卦是保持日常社交联系，分享信息的一种方式，故选B。 【小题2】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段Martinescu的话“We also found negative gossip makes people likely to repair the aspects of their behavior that they were criticized for,”（我们也发现，消极的八卦能让人改正他们被批评的行为）”可知，在ElenaMartinescu看来，有时候八卦会让你正确看待自己的不足，从而改变不好的某些行为或习惯。故选D。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段“ But confiding (吐露个人隐私) in your friends and colleagues and sharing impressions about another person — even when they’re negative — may be helpful.（但是吐露朋友、同事的隐私，并和另外一个人分享印象也许是有帮 助的）”以及文章倒数第四段When you gossip, you can keep track of who is contributing to the group and who's being selfish,” ，（当你八卦时，你可以了解到谁对团队做了贡献，谁更自私）”可知，八卦极有可能让我们更了解一个人的品质。故选D。 【小题4】推理判断题。通读全文，结合根据倒数第三段“We also found negative gossip makes people likely to repair the aspects of their behavior that they were criticized for,”（我们也发现，消极的八卦能让人改正他们被批评的行为）”和最后一段“ But confiding (吐露个人隐私) in your friends and colleagues and sharing impressions about another person — even when they’re negative — may be helpful.（但是向你的朋友和同事倾诉，分享对另一个人的印象，即使他们是消极的，可能会有帮助）可推知，八卦有时也有好处，可能并不 像听起来那么有害。故选C。 B The World’s oldest pen pals have both turned 100 after 84 years of transatlantic (跨大洋) letters. Geoff Banks from Honiton, Devon, UK and Celesta Byrne, from the US, started to write to each other when they were just 16 in 1938. They met as part of an educational project to put British and American students in contact and 84 years later they still keep contacting. Geoff once was a retired engineer. He said, “I can’t quite remember how we could get in touch, but I was talking to Celesta recently. And I think it was something to do with an American school’s plan. The plan matched us up with Americans for a pen pal relationship and somehow I ended up with this letter from an American girl, and we just kept contacting ever since. There were a couple of years when we tried very hard to keep in touch because of the war. Now of course she is poorly sighted, so I contact mainly by email to one of her daughters who lives nearby. Email is much easier for me these days too, because I can’t write very well anymore. In the email, we just talk about our daily lives and our own families. She’s always been there to write to. even if it was just birthday cards and Christmas cards.” Though they have chatted for over 80 years, the pair has only ever met twice — their first meeting in 2002 while Geoff visited New York, and then two years later. Nowadays, Geoff is a great grandfather. He lives a happy life. He has three sons who settles across the world and many more grandchildren. “I have this new thing called Zoom. I think now it’s time to chat with her, but I leave all the technology to younger people. They’re much better at pressing all the buttons”. 5. What may bring Geoff and Celesta to be pen pals? A．An American school’s plan. B．Geoff’s visit to New York. C．The world war. D．Communication technology. 6. Why did Geoff use email to write letters later? A．Because he relied on Zoom to chat. B．Because he suffered from eye disease. C．Because he was unable to write well. D．Because writing is too boring for him. 7. What can we infer from the passage? A．Pen pals are true friends. B．True friendship survives time and space. C．Letters were not allowed during the war. D．Technology builds friendship. 8. What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A Zoom: a new technology to chat. B．A great way to keep in touch. C．Importance of being pen pals. D．Oldest pen pals in the world. 【答案】 【小题5】A 【小题6】C 【小题7】B 【小题8】D 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要报道了世界上年龄最大的两位笔友的故事。八十多年前，美国的一个教育项目使英国的Geoff与美国的Celesta建立了笔友关系。八十多年来，他们一直通过书信、电子邮件或视频软件保持着联系。 【小题5】细节理解题。根据第三段中Geoff和话“I can’t quite remember how we could get in touch, but I was talking to Celesta recently. And I think it was something to do with an American school’s plan. The plan matched us up with Americans for a pen pal relationship（我不太记得我们是怎么联系上的，但我最近和塞菜斯塔聊过。我认为这与美国学校的计划有关。这个计划让我们和美国人成为笔友）”可知，一所美国学校的计划让Geoff和Celesta成笔友。故选A。 【小题6】细节理解题。根据第三段Now of course she is poorly sighted, so I contact mainly by email to one of her daughters who lives nearby. Email is much easier for me these days too, because I can’t write very well anymore. （当然，她视力不佳， 所以我主要通过电子邮件与她住在附近的一个女儿联系。现在，电子邮件对我来说也容易多了，因为我写字不太行了）”可知，杰夫后来改用电子邮件是因为他写不好字。故选C。 【小题7】推理判断题。根据第一段"The World’s oldest pen pals have both turned 100 after 84 years of transatlantic (跨大洋) letters. （世界上最老的笔友在经历了84年的跨大西洋书信往来后，双双迎来了100岁生日）”和第三段“There were a couple of years when we tried very hard to keep in touch because of the war. Now of course she is poorly sighted, so I contact mainly by email to one of her daughters who lives nearby. Email is much easier for me these days too, because I can’t write very well anymore.（有几年，因为战争，我们非常努力地保持联系。当然，她视力不佳，所以我主要通过电子邮件与住在她附近的一个女儿联系。这些天 来，电子邮件对我来说也容易多了，因为我写字不太行了）可推知，杰夫与塞拉斯塔跨越80多年的笔友情谊，纵然有战争，纵然有健康原 因，他们之间依然保持着联系。由此推断，真正的友谊超越时空。故选B。 【小题8】主旨大意题。根据第一段"The World’s oldest pen pals have both turned 100 after 84 years of transatlantic (跨大洋) letters. （世界上最老的笔友在经历了84年的跨大西洋书信往来后，双双迎来了100岁生日）”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了世界上年龄最大的两位笔友的故事。故选D C I don’t believe lying in children is usually a moral (道德的) problem. So, I think it’s unnecessary to take it personally if your child lies. Indeed, most kids don’t lie to hurt their parents. They lie because there’s something else going on. As a parent, what matters most is that you should know the behavior behind the lie when you know the lie in the first place. If you’re taking it personally, you’re probably angry and not clearing up the behavior that leads to the lie. Let’s say your child didn’t do his homework, but he told you he did. When you find out that he is lying, he explains that he was playing sports with his friends after school. And that’s why he didn’t do his homework. At this point, you have a choice to make as a parent. Either you can focus on (关注) the fact that your child lied to you, or you can focus on the fact that he did not complete his homework. I strongly recommend that you focus on the underlying (根本的) behavior - the homework not being completed. As your child improves the underlying behavior, the reason for lying will go away. He won’t need to lie. But if you shout at your child because of his lying or showing disrespect, then that’s all you’re going to be able to deal with. Your child will shut down. And you’re not going to be able to know the real problem of your child and he still can’t finish his homework and may lie again. Your anger caused by the lie is not going to help your child change the behavior that makes the lie necessary for him. So, don’t be angry when you find your child has lieD. Remember that lying is not strictly a moral problem. Your child is lying because he doesn’t know how to get his homework done on time. You can help him work on how to finish his homework and improve his problem - solving ability. 9. What is the most important thing parents should do if they find their child lying? A．Finding out the real cause of it. B．Letting him know the harm of telling lies. C．Making him promise he will never lie. D．Showing respect for him while talking. 10. According to the author, what will take place if the parents focus on lying itself? A．The child will study less hard. B．The child will probably stop lying. C．The child will share the reason for lying. D．The child will refuse to talk about the problem. 11. How does the author support her point of view in the text? A．By doing an experiment. B．By making a comparison. C．By sharing a personal experience. D．By providing scientific findings. 12. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage parents to be nicer to their children. B．To show the bad influence of lying on children. C．To tell parents how to deal with their children’s lying. D．To explain why children like lying to their parents. 【答案】 【小题9】A 【小题10】D 【小题11】B 【小题12】C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了孩子说谎的问题，包括背后的原因以及家长应该如何处理。 【小题9】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Indeed, most kids don’t lie to hurt their parents. They lie because there’s something else going on. As a parent, what matters most is that you should know the behavior behind the lie when you know the lie in the first place.（事实上，大多数孩子不会为了伤害父母而撒谎。他们撒谎是因为另有隐情。作为父母，最重要的是，当你知道谎言的时候，你应该知道谎言背后的行为。）〞可知，当孩子说谎时，父母应该了解谎言背后的原因。故选A。 【小题10】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But if you shout at your child because of his lying or showing disrespect, then that’s all you’re going to be able to deal with. Your child will shut down. And you’re not going to be able to know the real problem of your child and he still can’t finish his homework and may lie again.”（但如果你因为孩子撒谎或表现出不尊重而对他大喊大叫，那你就只能 应付这些了。你的孩子会沉默。你不可能知道孩子真正的问题是什么，他仍然不能完成作业，可能会再次撒谎。）”可知，作者认为，如果父母把注意力集中在撒谎本身，那么孩子就会沉默，孩子会拒绝谈论这个问题。故选D。 【小题11】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“At this point, you have a choice to make as a parent. Either you can focus on (关注) the fact that your child lied to you, or you can focus on the fact that he did not complete his homework. I strongly recommend that you focus on the underlying (根本的) behavior - the homework not being completed. As your child improves the underlying behavior, the reason for lying will go away. He won’t need to lie.（在这一点上，作为家长，你必须做出选择。你可以把注意力集中在你的孩子对你撒 谎这件事上，也可以集中在他没有完成家庭作业这件事上。我强烈建议你关注潜在的行为——没有完成作业。当你的孩子改善了潜在的行为，撒谎的原因就会消失。他不需要说谎。）”以及文章第四段“But if you shout at your child because of his lying or showing disrespect, then that’s all you’re going to be able to deal with. Your child will shut down. And you’re not going to be able to know the real problem of your child and he still can’t finish his homework and may lie again.”（但如果你因为孩子撒谎或表现出不尊重而对他大喊大 叫，那你就只能应付这些了。你的孩子会沉默。你不可能知道孩子真正的问题是什么，他仍然不能完成作业，可能会再次撒谎。）”可知，作者 比较了父母在发现孩子说谎时的两种反应：把注意力集中在你的孩子对你撒谎这件事上和把注意力集中在他没有完成家庭作业这件事上。由此可知，作者通过作比较的方式阐释自己的观点。故选B。 【小题12】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Your anger caused by the lie is not going to help your child change the behavior that makes the lie necessary for him. So, don’t be angry when you find your child has lieD. Remember that lying is not strictly a moral problem. Your child is lying because he doesn’t know how to get his homework done on time. You can help him work on how to finish his homework and improve his problem - solving ability.（你因谎言而产生的愤怒并不能帮助你的孩子改变使谎言成为必要的行为。所 以，当你发现你的孩子撒谎时，不要生气。记住，撒谎并不是严格意义上的道德问题。你的孩子撒谎是因为他不知道如何按时完成作业。你可以帮助他完成作业，提高他解决问题的能力。）”以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了告诉家长如何处理孩子说谎的问题。故选C 二、思维提升-观点分享 任务说明 Share one communication problem you have experienced and talk about how it could be handled in a better way. 1. Think of a situation where someone’s words caused misunderstanding or embarrassment. 2. Explain what happened and how the problem could be solved through proper communication. 3. Practise your short presentation with your partner. 【答案】 Situation description Once I was criticised by a classmate in public, which made me feel embarrassed and upset. Problem analysis Judged too quickly, I thought he was doing it on purpose and refused to communicate. Better solution Calmed down first, I could have talked to him privately and explained my feelings. Short presentation example I once felt embarrassed after being criticised in front of others. Influenced by my emotions, I didn’t explain myself. If I had communicated calmly and politely, the misunderstanding could have been resolved more easily. 三、思维提升-书面表达 本作业二选一，为分层作业，难度有所区别。基础一般的同学可以选择作业1，基础较好的同学可以选择作业2。 写作情境 假使你是李华，你的外国笔友 Peter 在与朋友相处时，经常因为说话方式不当而引发误会。他来信向你求助，希望学会更好的沟通方式。 请你结合 本课所学词汇与 -ed 形式作状语，给 Peter 提出建议。 写作要点 ① 不当言行可能带来的影响 ② 如何通过冷静表达与有效沟通解决问题 1. 写三条建议 要求： · 至少使用 5 个本课所学单词或短语 （如 apologise, judge, criticise, forgive, influenced by, embarrassed, -ed 作状语等） 【参考答案】 1. Influenced by emotions, you may say something you don’t really mean, which can hurt others. 2. When you make a mistake, it is important to apologise and explain yourself calmly. 3. Judged too quickly, misunderstandings may grow instead of being resolved. 2. 写一封完整的建议信 【参考范文】 Dear Peter, I’m sorry to hear that you often have trouble communicating with your friends. Speaking without thinking may cause embarrassment and misunderstandings. Influenced by emotions, people sometimes criticise others too quickly. When this happens, it’s better to calm down first and try to communicate politely. If you realise you have hurt someone, apologise sincerely and explain your feelings. Judged in a fair way, your words will be better understood, and conflicts can be resolved more easily. I hope these suggestions will help you improve your communication skills. Best regards, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $