Unit 5 课时6 Section B 3a-3d（大单元分层作业）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 本同步练习以“基础巩固-能力提升-思维进阶”为分层逻辑，通过词汇句型到语篇应用的递进设计，适配新授课语言能力培养与思维品质提升需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇辨析与句型应用|单选/翻译直接对标课时重点词汇（如alarm, thunder）| |能力提升|语篇语境中词汇语法综合运用|完形填空融入重庆山火救援情境（文化意识）| |拓展培优|真实情境阅读理解与信息筛选|阅读理解结合合肥暴雪生活场景（思维品质）| |思维进阶|语篇补全中词汇形态转换与逻辑衔接|选词填空要求词形变换与上下文逻辑分析（学习能力）|

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 课时6 Section B (3a-3d) 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 ( 词汇 terribly /ˈterəbli/adv. 非常糟地；非常 alarm /əˈlɑːm/n. 警报（器）；惊恐 alarm clock 闹钟go off（警报器等）发出响声 review /rɪˈvjuː/v. 复习；回顾；复查 n. 回顾；审查sudden /ˈsʌdn/adj. 突然的；骤然的 all of a sudden 突然；猛地 thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/n. 雷；雷声 v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 by the time 到…… 的时候 usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/adj. 通常的；寻常的 out of breath 上气不接下气 rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/n. 暴风雨 as a result 因此 unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/adj. 不幸的；不顺利的；不吉利的 句型 All of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky. 突然，雷声划过天空。 By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. 公交车来的时候，我又冷又湿。 ) 一、单项选择。 1．My ________ clock didn’t go off, so I woke up late. A．alarm B．morning C．time D．meal 2．The fire alarm suddenly ________ in the middle of the night. A．went off B．went on C．went out D．went over 3．What time did you ________ this morning? A．put up B．get up C．stand up D．stay up 4．Before the exam, she spent two hours ________ her history notes. A．reviewing B．finishing C．copying D．checking 5．We were walking in the park when ________, it started to rain heavily. A．all of a sudden B．as usual C．by the time D．as a result 6．The loud ________ scared the little girl, and she ran to her mother. A．thunder B．lightning C．storm D．wind 7．The box was ________ heavy for the child ________ carry. A．too; to B．so; that C．such; that D．very; to 8．________ I got to the station, the train had already left. A．By the time B．As soon as C．While D．Because 9．She sat in her ________ seat at the back of the classroom. A．usual B．unusual C．common D．normal 10．After running up three flights of stairs, he was completely ________. A．out of breath B．out of order C．out of control D．out of date 二、翻译。 1．非常糟糕地；非常 adv. ________ 2．警报 n. ________ 3．复习；回顾 v. ________ 4．突然的 adj. ________ 5．通常的 adj. ________ 6．thunder n. ________ 7．rainstorm n. ________ 8．unlucky adj. ________ 9．landslide n. ________ 10．already adv. ________. 三、完形填空 Chongqing, a beautiful city of more than 30 million people, faced a terrible natural disaster test in the hot 1 of 2022.In August, Chongqing kept fighting the fire caused by the hot and dry weather. People from all walks of life volunteered to 2 the terrible fire together. Some people cut down trees to make fire barriers (屏障). Others 3 motorbikes on newly formed roads to take firefighters and supplies up the mountain, while some volunteers carried food and drinks 4 their backs on foot. Women and children helped organize supplies, cleaned the ground and finished other 5 tasks. At night, as the fire got close to a man-made barrier on Jinyun Mountain, more than 1,000 firefighters and volunteers stood alongside the barrier. They held fire extinguishers tightly in their 6 . People could see their lights 7 . These warm lights built a strong wall and stopped the fire from spreading. These moving stories 8 many people. Du Hailang is the leader of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association (应急救援协会). He and 10 other members joined the life-saving team in Chongqing. He said, “Chongqing people are really amazing 9 they built a great man-made fire barrier bravely. The wall was unbelievable and it brought us great hope. It really showed Chinese people’s strong 10 to protect our homeland.” 1．A．spring B．summer C．autumn 2．A．put out B．look for C．find out 3．A．bought B．rode C．took 4．A．in B．at C．on 5．A．important B．impossible C．interesting 6．A．feet B．knees C．hands 7．A．hardly B．clearly C．badly 8．A．refused B．helped C．touched 9．A．because B．while C．unless 10．A．development B．confidence C．determination 四、阅读理解 Heavy snow arrived in Hefei, Anhui, at the beginning of January. Although people found the snow beautiful at first, it quickly started making problems for them. After a whole night and day of heavy snow, the city was covered in white. The thick snow covered everything. At first, people enjoyed looking out of their windows at the beautiful snow-covered city and parks. But safety soon became a problem and troubles came. The snow made the roads very difficult to walk on, making it dangerous for people to drive. So the local government (当地政府) asked workers to clear the snow off the roads. Thanks to their hard work, traffic was better. The snow also brought some problems to the city’s trees. The snow that fell on the trees’ branches (树枝) got heavier as it continued to fall, causing some of the trees to break and fall down near roads. People were asked to go outside and shake the snow off the trees to protect them. My family and even my school’s headmaster went out and helped to shake the snow off the trees. But for me there was some good news, too. We didn’t have to go to school because our roads to school might be too dangerous. I went outside to enjoy the beautiful snow and take pictures. Although the snow caused many problems, we still really enjoyed it. 1．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．The police helped the old cross the road. B．Workers cleared the snow off the roads. C．People shake the snow off the trees to protect them. D．The students didn’t need to go to school. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．The heavy snow only brought trouble to people. B．People don’t think snow is beautiful. C．The snow is good for the trees in the city. D．Maybe the writer thinks the snow is not a bad thing. 3．Where may this passage come from? A．A meeting. B．A science book. C．A diary. D．An ad. 五、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。 while bad power wake thankful volunteer preparation take thick weather Last summer, a heavy rainstorm hit our town. The weather report warned us days before, but no one thought it would be the 1 in five years. It was Saturday morning. After weeks of hot and dry 2 , the sky turned dark suddenly. 3 black clouds covered the sky, 4 the wind blew hard outside. My alarm didn’t go off, and I 5 up late. Outside, the street was full of water. The city was in trouble — the 6 was out, and the water on the roads was very deep. 7 , our community acted quickly. I saw security guards helping old people, and neighbors sharing food and water. I joined them as a 8 , helping to clean the street. We worked hard and refused 9 a rest. This experience taught me that making enough 10 before disasters is very important. ( 1 / 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Nature's Temper! 课时6 Section B (3a-3d) 分层作业 参考答案 一、单项选择 1-5 A A B A A 6-10 A A A A A 二、翻译 1．terribly 2．alarm 3．review 4．sudden 5．usual 6．雷 7．暴风雨 8．不幸的 9．山体滑坡 10．已经 三、完型填空 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 四、阅读理解。 1．A 2．D 3．C 五、选词填空 1．worst 2．weather 3．Thick 4．while 5． woke 6．power 7．Thankfully 8．volunteer 9． to take 10． preparations ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Nature's Temper 课时6 Section B (3a-3d) 分层作业 href="#核心知识速记" 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 一、单项选择。 1．My ________ clock didn’t go off, so I woke up late. A．alarm B．morning C．time D．meal 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的闹钟没有响，所以我醒晚了。 alarm闹钟；morning早晨；time时间；meal餐。根据“clock”及后文“woke up late”可知，此处指用来叫醒人的闹钟，alarm clock为固定搭配，意为“闹钟”。 2．The fire alarm suddenly ________ in the middle of the night. A．went off B．went on C．went out D．went over 【答案】A 【详解】句意：火警警报器在半夜突然响了。 went off 响起；went on继续；went out出去；went over仔细检查。句中“The fire alarm suddenly”提示，此处指警报器突然响起。 3．What time did you ________ this morning? A．put up B．get up C．stand up D．stay up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你今天早上几点起床的？ put up张贴，搭建；get up起床；stand up起立；stay up熬夜。根据“What time did you…this morning?”可知，此处询问的是早上起床的时间。 4．Before the exam, she spent two hours ________ her history notes. A．reviewing B．finishing C．copying D．checking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：考试前，她花了两个小时复习她的历史笔记。 reviewing复习；finishing完成；copying抄写；checking检查。句中“Before the exam”提示，考前准备应该复习笔记。 5．We were walking in the park when ________, it started to rain heavily. A．all of a sudden B．as usual C．by the time D．as a result 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们正在公园散步，突然下起了大雨。 all of a sudden突然地；as usual像往常一样；by the time到……时候；as a result结果。根据语境，正在散步时下雨是突发情况，应填all of a sudden。 6．The loud ________ scared the little girl, and she ran to her mother. A．thunder B．lightning C．storm D．wind 【答案】A 【详解】句意：巨大的雷声吓坏了小女孩，她跑向她的妈妈。 thunder雷声；lightning闪电；storm暴风雨；wind风。句中“loud”提示，此处指发出巨大的雷声。 7．The box was ________ heavy for the child ________ carry. A．too; to B．so; that C．such; that D．very; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，那个孩子搬不动。 too...to...“太……以至于不能……”，too后接形容词或副词，to 后接动词原形；so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that后接从句，so后跟形容词；such...that...“如此……以至于……”，that后接从句，such后跟名词；very不与to搭配。句中“heavy”和“carry”提示，此处指箱子太重了以至于那个孩子搬不动。 8．________ I got to the station, the train had already left. A．By the time B．As soon as C．While D．Because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：到我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。 By the time“到……的时候为止”，引导时间状语从句，常与过去完成时搭配使用，表示截止到过去某时刻动作已完成；As soon as“一……就……”，通常连接紧接着发生的动作；While“当……时”，常接进行时态；Because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。该句主句谓语had already left是过去完成时，从句谓语got是一般过去时，体现“过去的过去“这一时间关系，应用By the time引导时间状语从句。 9．She sat in her ________ seat at the back of the classroom. A．usual B．unusual C．common D．normal 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她坐在教室后面她通常的座位上。 usual通常的；unusual不寻常的；common常见的；normal正常的。根据“She sat in her... seat at the back of the classroom.”可知，此处指她习惯坐的特定座位，usual符合语境。 10．After running up three flights of stairs, he was completely ________. A．out of breath B．out of order C．out of control D．out of date 【答案】A 【详解】句意：跑上三层楼梯后，他完全气喘吁吁了。 out of breath气喘吁吁；out of order故障；out of control失控；out of date过时。根据“After running up three flights of stairs”可知，剧烈运动后人的状态通常是呼吸急促。out of breath表示气喘吁吁，符合语境。 二、翻译。 1．非常糟糕地；非常 adv. ________ 2．警报 n. ________ 3．复习；回顾 v. ________ 4．突然的 adj. ________ 5．通常的 adj. ________ 6．thunder n. ________ 7．rainstorm n. ________ 8．unlucky adj. ________ 9．landslide n. ________ 10．already adv. ________ 答案：1．terribly 2．alarm 3．review 4．sudden 5．usual 6．雷 7．暴风雨 8．不幸的 9．山体滑坡 10．已经 三、完形填空 Chongqing, a beautiful city of more than 30 million people, faced a terrible natural disaster test in the hot 1 of 2022.In August, Chongqing kept fighting the fire caused by the hot and dry weather. People from all walks of life volunteered to 2 the terrible fire together. Some people cut down trees to make fire barriers (屏障). Others 3 motorbikes on newly formed roads to take firefighters and supplies up the mountain, while some volunteers carried food and drinks 4 their backs on foot. Women and children helped organize supplies, cleaned the ground and finished other 5 tasks. At night, as the fire got close to a man-made barrier on Jinyun Mountain, more than 1,000 firefighters and volunteers stood alongside the barrier. They held fire extinguishers tightly in their 6 . People could see their lights 7 . These warm lights built a strong wall and stopped the fire from spreading. These moving stories 8 many people. Du Hailang is the leader of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association (应急救援协会). He and 10 other members joined the life-saving team in Chongqing. He said, “Chongqing people are really amazing 9 they built a great man-made fire barrier bravely. The wall was unbelievable and it brought us great hope. It really showed Chinese people’s strong 10 to protect our homeland.” 1．A．spring B．summer C．autumn 2．A．put out B．look for C．find out 3．A．bought B．rode C．took 4．A．in B．at C．on 5．A．important B．impossible C．interesting 6．A．feet B．knees C．hands 7．A．hardly B．clearly C．badly 8．A．refused B．helped C．touched 9．A．because B．while C．unless 10．A．development B．confidence C．determination 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 解析：1．句意：重庆，一座拥有超过3000万人口的美丽城市，在2022年炎热的夏季面临了一场可怕的自然灾害考验。 根据后文“In August”以及“hot and dry weather”可知，八月是夏季，且天气炎热干燥，因此此处指2022年的夏季。应选用summer，表示“夏季”，符合时间背景。spring表示“春季”，autumn表示“秋季”，均与八月及炎热天气不符。 2．句意：来自各行各业的人们自愿一起扑灭这场可怕的火灾。 根据前文“kept fighting the fire”以及“terrible fire”可知，此处指人们一起灭火。应选用put out，表示“扑灭”，符合语境。look for表示“寻找”，find out表示“查明”，均与灭火无关。 3．句意：其他人在新修的道路上骑摩托车，搭载消防员和物资上山。 根据后文“motorbikes on newly formed roads”可知，此处指骑摩托车。应选用rode，表示“骑”，符合动作搭配。bought表示“买”，took表示“拿/带走”，均不符合语境。 4．句意：还有一些志愿者徒步背着食物和饮料。 根据后文“their backs”可知，此处指把东西背在背上，介词用on。应选用on，表示“在……上”，符合固定搭配“on one’s back”。in表示“在……里面”，at表示“在……地点”，均不符合语境。 5．句意：妇女和儿童帮助整理物资、清理地面并完成其他重要的任务。 在灭火救援中，这些任务都是重要的。应选用important，表示“重要的”，符合逻辑。impossible表示“不可能的”，interesting表示“有趣的”，均不符合语境。 6．句意：他们手里紧紧握着灭火器。 根据前文“held fire extinguishers tightly in their...”可知，灭火器是用手握着的。应选用hands，表示“手”，符合动作搭配。feet表示“脚”，knees表示“膝盖”，均无法握住灭火器。 7．句意：人们能清楚地看到他们的灯光。 根据后文“These warm lights built a strong wall”可知，灯光是清晰可见的。应选用clearly，表示“清楚地”，符合语境。hardly表示“几乎不”，badly表示“严重地/糟糕地”，均不符合语境。 8．句意：这些感人的故事打动了许多人。 根据前文描述了各种感人的救援场面，以及后文杜海朗的发言可知，这些故事让人感动。应选用touched，表示“打动/感动”，符合语境。refused表示“拒绝”，helped表示“帮助”，均不符合语境。 9．句意：重庆人真的很了不起，因为他们勇敢地建起了一道伟大的人造防火屏障。 前后存在因果关系，前文说重庆人了不起，后文解释原因。应选用because，表示“因为”，符合逻辑。while表示“而/当……时”，unless表示“除非”，均不符合语境。 10．句意：这真的展现了中国人民保护家园的坚定决心。 根据前文“they built a great man-made fire barrier bravely”“The wall was unbelievable”以及“strong”可知，此处指中国人民的坚定决心。应选用determination，表示“决心”，符合语境。development表示“发展”，confidence表示“信心”，均不符合语境。 四、阅读理解 Heavy snow arrived in Hefei, Anhui, at the beginning of January. Although people found the snow beautiful at first, it quickly started making problems for them. After a whole night and day of heavy snow, the city was covered in white. The thick snow covered everything. At first, people enjoyed looking out of their windows at the beautiful snow-covered city and parks. But safety soon became a problem and troubles came. The snow made the roads very difficult to walk on, making it dangerous for people to drive. So the local government (当地政府) asked workers to clear the snow off the roads. Thanks to their hard work, traffic was better. The snow also brought some problems to the city’s trees. The snow that fell on the trees’ branches (树枝) got heavier as it continued to fall, causing some of the trees to break and fall down near roads. People were asked to go outside and shake the snow off the trees to protect them. My family and even my school’s headmaster went out and helped to shake the snow off the trees. But for me there was some good news, too. We didn’t have to go to school because our roads to school might be too dangerous. I went outside to enjoy the beautiful snow and take pictures. Although the snow caused many problems, we still really enjoyed it. 1．Which is NOT true according to the passage? A．The police helped the old cross the road. B．Workers cleared the snow off the roads. C．People shake the snow off the trees to protect them. D．The students didn’t need to go to school. 2．What can we know from the passage? A．The heavy snow only brought trouble to people. B．People don’t think snow is beautiful. C．The snow is good for the trees in the city. D．Maybe the writer thinks the snow is not a bad thing. 3．Where may this passage come from? A．A meeting. B．A science book. C．A diary. D．An ad. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 【解析】 1．原文第三段“So the local government asked workers to clear the snow off the roads.”及“People were asked to go outside and shake the snow off the trees to protect them.”对应选项B和C；最后一段“We didn’t have to go to school because our roads to school might be too dangerous.”表明作者因为大雪不用去上学；A选项“警察帮助老人过马路”的内容原文完全没有提及，表述错误。 2．文章最后一段“But for me there was some good news, too. ”，作者提到大雪带来了好消息；结尾也说“Although the snow caused many problems, we still really enjoyed it.”，可见作者认为这场雪不完全是坏事。 3．文章以第一人称讲述作者自己经历大雪的见闻和感受，符合日记的体裁，不可能来自会议、科学书籍或广告。 五、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。 while bad power wake thankful volunteer preparation take thick weather Last summer, a heavy rainstorm hit our town. The weather report warned us days before, but no one thought it would be the 1 in five years. It was Saturday morning. After weeks of hot and dry 2 , the sky turned dark suddenly. 3 black clouds covered the sky, 4 the wind blew hard outside. My alarm didn’t go off, and I 5 up late. Outside, the street was full of water. The city was in trouble — the 6 was out, and the water on the roads was very deep. 7 , our community acted quickly. I saw security guards helping old people, and neighbors sharing food and water. I joined them as a 8 , helping to clean the street. We worked hard and refused 9 a rest. This experience taught me that making enough 10 before disasters is very important. 【答案】 1．worst 2．weather 3．Thick 4．while 5． woke 6．power 7．Thankfully 8．volunteer 9． to take 10． preparations 【解析】 1．句意：天气预报提前几天预警，但没人想到这会是五年来最糟糕的一次。根据空格前the和后文范围in five years可知，要用形容词最高级；bad的最高级worst，表示“最糟糕的、最严重的”，因此填worst。 2．句意：经过数周炎热干燥的天气，天空突然变暗。根据空格前hot and dry(炎热干燥) 修饰名词，再结合语境描述天气状况可知，备选词weather意为“天气”，符合句意。 3．句意：厚厚的乌云笼罩了天空。根据空格后名词black clouds可知，需要形容词修饰名词；thick意为 “厚的、浓密的”，修饰乌云，句首首字母大写。 4．句意：乌云密布，同时外面狂风大作。根据前后两个分句都是进行的景象描述，表示并列对比关系可知，while可作连词表示“与此同时”，连接两个场景。 5．句意：我的闹钟没响，我醒得很晚。根据全文时态为一般过去时，再结合固定搭配wake up(醒来) 可知，wake的过去式为woke，符合语境。 6．句意：城市陷入困境——停电了，路上积水很深。根据固定搭配power be out表示“停电”，结合暴雨灾害的语境可知，此处填power。 7．句意：幸好，我们社区反应迅速。根据后文社区快速行动、互相帮助可知，此处是副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸好、感激地”；thankful变为副词Thankfully，句首大写。 8．句意：我作为一名志愿者加入了他们。根据空格前不定冠词a可知，后接可数名词单数；volunteer意为“志愿者”，符合语境。 9．句意：我们努力干活，拒绝休息。根据固定用法refuse to do sth.(拒绝做某事)，再结合固定搭配take a rest(休息)可知，需填不定式to take。 10．句意：这次经历教会我们，灾难前做好充足的准备非常重要。根据固定搭配make preparations(做准备)，常用复数形式，再结合空格前enough修饰名词可知，preparation变复数preparations，符合语境。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $