语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破（15）-2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（16题） 1. Josh Leung and Percy Lee, both from Hong Kong, ______ (study) at Lancaster University seven years ago when they got the idea of organizing a Chinese New Year celebration. 2. Attracted by the colourful parades and lanterns that ______ (hold) every year, thousands of people now join the Chinese New Year event in Lancaster. 3. What makes this festival special is that it brings everyone together — not just the Chinese community, ______ also people from different cultural backgrounds. 4. Determined to share their traditional culture, the pair began decorating the streets with hundreds of traditional lanterns, which ______ (attract) more and more local people to participate. 5. Approximately 4000 years following the last glacial period, hunter-gatherer communities encountered another sudden climate shift that forced them ______ (adapt) to significantly colder conditions. 6. The climate event, which ______ (occur) 8200 years ago, brought about temperature declines of up to 6℃ within mere decades and separated Britain from mainland Europe. 7. Despite these severe environmental challenges, Northern Hemisphere populations demonstrated remarkable toughness and resilience, and some of ______ survived by packing up and moving to warmer areas. 8. To understand how they adapted, scientists compared archaeological findings with environmental evidence ______ (preserve) in ancient lake beds for thousands of years. 9. Adaptation strategies varied greatly across regions, but coastal communities in Norway’s Oslo Fjord expanded through ______ (increase) reliance on marine resources like fish and seals. 10. This ancient climate event provides crucial insights into human responses to environmental crises, which ______ (serve) as a critical case study for modern societies. 11. Recently, a new book, Fan Circle Chronicle: Love, Data, and Power, ______ (step) directly into the space of fan circles and explores the reasons behind young fans’ devotion. 12. Through in-depth interviews with young fans, the authors documented everyday practices, gathering raw, first-hand insights into how these fan circles ______ (operate). 13. The book goes beyond fan culture itself, including technological ethics and the digital economy, and draws on ______ (theory) from sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. 14. Ma argues that fan communities are worth ______ (understand) on their own terms — neither dismissed nor idealized. 15. Dong Chenyu notes that perhaps 10 years from now, the book will serve as a historical slice of this era, ______ (show) future generations how we lived through these times. 16. Li Chunyang, currently a visiting scholar at Harvard University, is best known for her research in Chinese intellectual history and her art that reflects deep ______ (connect) with poetry and cultural memory. 第一组 举一反三题目（17题，长难句为主，适配考点） 1. My parents, who are both teachers, ______ (work) in the same middle school ten years ago and they still love their jobs now. 2. The beautiful flowers that ______ (plant) in the garden every spring attract a lot of bees and butterflies. 3. She not just finished her homework on time, ______ also helped her little brother with his math. 4. He bought a new smartphone, which ______ (bring) great convenience to his daily life and work. 5. The heavy rain forced the students ______ (cancel) the outdoor activity that they had been looking forward to. 6. The accident, which ______ (happen) on a rainy morning, caused a lot of traffic jams on the highway. 7. All the students worked hard for the exam, and most of ______ achieved good grades in the end. 8. We collected a lot of data ______ (record) in the past five years to do the research on environmental protection. 9. With the ______ (develop) of technology, more and more people can work from home easily. 10. This story tells us a valuable lesson, which ______ (help) us understand the importance of honesty. 11. In recent years, more and more people ______ (realize) the importance of protecting wild animals. 12. The teacher asked us to talk about how we ______ (spend) our winter holiday during the class. 13. This book draws on ______ (study) from different fields to explain the mystery of the universe. 14. The film is worth ______ (watch) because it tells a touching story about family and love. 15. He stood by the window, ______ (look) at the beautiful sunset and thinking about his future. 16. There is a close ______ (relate) between people’s living habits and their health. 17. The scientist, who is famous for his research on space, has a deep ______ (know) of astronomy. 第二组 语法填空（16题） 1. Li Chunyang’s exhibition, Poetics of Chunyang: Transgression and Invocation of a Tradition, ______ (feature) nearly 30 recent works that reimagine Chinese literati traditions. 2. Her approach is rooted in cultural essentialism, and she ______ (begin) from the Song and Yuan dynasties paintings to explore classical poetic imagery. 3. With a PhD in art history and theory, Li has actively participated in academic exchange with institutions ______ (include) Tama Art University. 4. What has touched her most along this artistic path ______ (be) the sincerity of friends and the deep bonds of feeling. 5. Numerous studies have shown that people who describe themselves as happy tend to have fewer health problems and a ______ (low) risk of depression. 6. Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on ______ (produce) more flu-fighting antibodies than those who were in a bad mood. 7. Earlier work at Yale University has shown that your mood ______ (affect) the activation of genes that fight disease. 8. It could be that people who have robust immune systems naturally have higher levels of other mood-improving brain ______ (chemical). 9. Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups ______ (obtain) food and protect themselves from wild animals. 10. We were happier with a close network of friends and family because this ______ (improve) our survival chances in ancient times. 11. Research suggests that 50% of people’s general level of happiness ______ (determine) by genetics, while 40% is under people’s control. 12. A photo of a Siberian tigress with four cubs was taken in the national park, ______ (mark) the second time that such a complete image has been monitored in China. 13. Over the past decade, the strict protection of the national park system has steadily improved the habitat for wild tigers and ______ (leopard). 14. Populations of other animals have also risen, which ______ (help) the survival rate of tiger and leopard cubs increase greatly. 15. Based on previously recorded videos, researchers believe that the two tigers ______ (be) likely a mother and her daughter. 16. Since 2018, the park’s monitoring system ______ (record) 30,000 instances of wild Siberian tigers and 41,000 of Amur leopards. 第二组 举一反三题目（16题，长难句为主，适配考点） 1. The school’s new library, which was built last year, ______ (have) a large number of books and magazines for students to read. 2. He is good at playing the piano, and he ______ (practice) it for two hours every day to improve his skills. 3. Our class has 45 students, ______ (include) 23 boys and 22 girls. 4. What ______ (make) him different from other students is his perseverance and hard work. 5. People who exercise regularly have a ______ (healthy) body and a better mood than those who never exercise. 6. After finishing his homework, he went on ______ (read) his favorite novel for a while. 7. The study shows that enough sleep ______ (improve) people’s memory and work efficiency. 8. The doctor said that there are many ______ (medicine) that can help treat this kind of disease. 9. They saved a lot of money ______ (buy) a new house for their parents. 10. She was late for school because she ______ (miss) the early bus this morning. 11. The result of the exam ______ (decide) by students’ daily efforts and preparation. 12. He won the first prize in the competition, ______ (make) his parents very proud of him. 13. In the zoo, we saw many tigers, lions and ______ (bear) playing in their enclosures. 14. The number of people who like reading has increased, which ______ (promote) the development of bookstores. 15. I believe that the two girls ______ (be) good friends because they always help each other. 16. Since he came to this city five years ago, he ______ (work) in the same company and made many good friends. 语法知识点系统总结（详细全面，方便背诵记忆） 一、时态类（高频考点，重中之重） 1. 一般过去时 - 标志词：yesterday, last week, ago, in+过去年份, just now, once等。 - 用法：描述过去发生的动作、状态，或过去的常规动作。 - 注意：规则动词过去式变化（加-ed），不规则动词需单独记忆（如study→studied, go→went, hold→held）。 - 例句：They studied at Lancaster University seven years ago.（第一组第1题） 2. 一般现在时 - 标志词：every day, usually, often, always, sometimes, now and then, 客观事实/真理。 - 用法：描述客观事实、真理，常规动作、习惯性动作，现阶段的状态。 - 主谓一致：单数主语（可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词等）接单数谓语（加-s/-es），复数主语接复数谓语。 - 例句：The festival includes dragon parades and kung-fu shows.（原文改编） 3. 现在完成时 - 标志词：recently, already, yet, since+时间点, for+时间段, so far, up to now等。 - 用法：① 动作从过去开始，持续到现在（常与for/since连用）；② 动作过去发生，对现在有影响。 - 结构：have/has+过去分词（注意不规则过去分词，如see→seen, step→stepped）。 - 注意：瞬间动词（如come, go, step, record）不能与for+时间段连用，需转换为延续性动词（如come→be here）。 - 例句：Since 2018, the park’s monitoring system has recorded 30,000 instances of wild Siberian tigers.（第二组第16题） 二、被动语态（重点难点，常结合时态考查） - 核心含义：强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的发出者（动作发出者可由by引出）。 - 常见结构： ① 一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词（如The parades are held every year. 第一组第2题） ② 一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词（如The accident was caused by carelessness.） ③ 现在完成时被动：have/has been+过去分词（如The work has been finished.） - 注意：不及物动词（如happen, occur, come）无被动语态；有些动词短语（如take care of, look after）的被动语态需保留介词（如The baby is taken care of by her mother.）。 - 例句：50% of people’s general level of happiness is determined by genetics.（第二组第11题） 三、复合句（核心考点，涵盖定语从句、宾语从句、主语从句） 1. 定语从句 - 定义：修饰名词或代词（先行词）的从句，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 - 引导词： ① 关系代词：who（指人，作主语/宾语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、which（指物/整个句子，作主语/宾语）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语，不能引导非限制性定语从句）、whose（指人/物，作定语）。 ② 关系副词：when（指时间）、where（指地点）、why（指原因）。 - 重点： - 非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，不能用that引导，which可指代整个句子。 - 定语从句中，先行词是单数，从句谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用复数。 - 例句：The pair began decorating the streets with hundreds of traditional lanterns, which attracted more local people.（第一组第4题） 2. 宾语从句 - 定义：作动词、介词或形容词的宾语的从句。 - 引导词：that（可省略，无含义）、whether/if（是否）、what/who/which/how等（有具体含义）。 - 时态规则： ① 主句为一般现在时，从句可根据句意用任意时态。 ② 主句为过去时，从句需用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）。 ③ 从句为客观事实/真理，无论主句时态如何，从句均用一般现在时。 - 例句：Josh said he remembers falling in love with the city immediately when he landed.（原文改编） 3. 主语从句 - 定义：作句子主语的从句，常用What/That/Whether等引导。 - 主谓一致：主语从句视为单数，谓语动词用单数；若从句是并列结构，表复数含义，谓语动词可用复数。 - 例句：What makes this festival special is that it brings everyone together.（第一组第3题） 四、非谓语动词（高频考点，分为不定式、现在分词、过去分词） 1. 不定式（to do） - 常见用法： ① 作宾补：force sb. to do sth., ask sb. to do sth., tell sb. to do sth.（使役动词make/let/have后接省略to的不定式）。 ② 作目的状语：to do / in order to do / so as to do（表“为了……”）。 ③ 固定搭配：go on to do sth., be willing to do sth., plan to do sth.。 - 例句：The climate shift forced them to adapt to colder conditions.（第一组第5题） 2. 现在分词（doing） - 核心含义：表主动、表进行。 - 常见用法： ① 作伴随状语：补充说明主句动作，与主句主语是主动关系。 ② 作结果状语：表自然而然的结果。 ③ 作定语：修饰名词，与名词是主动关系。 - 例句：He stood by the window, looking at the sunset.（第一组举一反三第15题） 3. 过去分词（done） - 核心含义：表被动、表完成。 - 常见用法： ① 作定语：修饰名词，与名词是被动关系（可置于名词前或后）。 ② 作状语：与主句主语是被动关系，表时间、原因、条件等。 - 例句：Scientists compared archaeological findings with environmental evidence preserved in ancient lake beds.（第一组第8题）（修正句首小写错误） 五、词性转换（基础考点，贯穿所有题目） - 核心原则：根据句子成分确定词性（名词前用形容词，动词后用副词，介词后用名词等）。 - 高频转换类型： ① 动词→名词：study→study, connect→connection, develop→development, chemical→chemicals。 ② 动词→形容词：increase→increased, excite→excited/exciting, interest→interested/interesting。 ③ 形容词→比较级/最高级：low→lower→lowest, healthy→healthier→healthiest, good→better→best。 ④ 动词→介词：include→including。 - 注意：可数名词复数变化规则，不规则名词复数（如child→children, mouse→mice）。 六、并列结构与并列连词（基础考点，保证句子流畅） - 常见并列连词：and（和）、but（但是）、or（或者/否则）、so（所以）。 - 固定并列搭配：not just...but also...（不仅……而且……）、not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）、either...or...（要么……要么……）、neither...nor...（既不……也不……）。 - 注意：并列结构中，前后词性、单复数、时态需保持一致。 - 例句：It brings everyone together — not just the Chinese community, but also people from different backgrounds.（第一组第3题） 七、固定搭配（高频考点，需重点背诵） 1. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 2. go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 3. go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 4. be worth doing 值得做某事（主动表被动） 5. be rooted in 植根于…… 6. be determined by 被……决定 7. not just...but also... 不仅……而且…… 8. compare...with... 把……和……作比较 9. rely on 依赖；依靠 10. participate in 参与；参加 八、易错点总结（规避常见错误） 1. 时态混淆：分不清一般过去时与现在完成时（关键看标志词）。 2. 被动语态遗漏be动词：如误写为“is determined”为“determined”。 3. 非谓语动词误用：现在分词与过去分词混淆（看与主语的关系）。 4. 主谓一致错误：主语从句、单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 5. 词性转换错误：如误写“chemicals”为“chemical”，“theories”为“theory”。 6. 固定搭配记错：如误写“be worth doing”为“be worth to do”。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 语法填空必刷：模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破 第一组 语法填空（16题） 1. Josh Leung and Percy Lee, both from Hong Kong, ______ (study) at Lancaster University seven years ago when they got the idea of organizing a Chinese New Year celebration. 2. Attracted by the colourful parades and lanterns that ______ (hold) every year, thousands of people now join the Chinese New Year event in Lancaster. 3. What makes this festival special is that it brings everyone together — not just the Chinese community, ______ also people from different cultural backgrounds. 4. Determined to share their traditional culture, the pair began decorating the streets with hundreds of traditional lanterns, which ______ (attract) more and more local people to participate. 5. Approximately 4000 years following the last glacial period, hunter-gatherer communities encountered another sudden climate shift that forced them ______ (adapt) to significantly colder conditions. 6. The climate event, which ______ (occur) 8200 years ago, brought about temperature declines of up to 6℃ within mere decades and separated Britain from mainland Europe. 7. Despite these severe environmental challenges, Northern Hemisphere populations demonstrated remarkable toughness and resilience, and some of ______ survived by packing up and moving to warmer areas. 8. To understand how they adapted, scientists compared archaeological findings with environmental evidence ______ (preserve) in ancient lake beds for thousands of years. 9. Adaptation strategies varied greatly across regions, but coastal communities in Norway’s Oslo Fjord expanded through ______ (increase) reliance on marine resources like fish and seals. 10. This ancient climate event provides crucial insights into human responses to environmental crises, which ______ (serve) as a critical case study for modern societies. 11. Recently, a new book, Fan Circle Chronicle: Love, Data, and Power, ______ (step) directly into the space of fan circles and explores the reasons behind young fans’ devotion. 12. Through in-depth interviews with young fans, the authors documented everyday practices, gathering raw, first-hand insights into how these fan circles ______ (operate). 13. The book goes beyond fan culture itself, including technological ethics and the digital economy, and draws on ______ (theory) from sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies. 14. Ma argues that fan communities are worth ______ (understand) on their own terms — neither dismissed nor idealized. 15. Dong Chenyu notes that perhaps 10 years from now, the book will serve as a historical slice of this era, ______ (show) future generations how we lived through these times. 16. Li Chunyang, currently a visiting scholar at Harvard University, is best known for her research in Chinese intellectual history and her art that reflects deep ______ (connect) with poetry and cultural memory. 第一组 答案及详细核心知识点 1. studied 2. are held 3. but 4. attracted 5. to adapt 6. occurred 7. them 8. preserved 9. increased 10. serves 11. has stepped 12. operate 13. theories 14. understanding 15. showing 16. connection 详细核心知识点（结合题目，形成系统知识网络，方便背诵记忆） 1. 一般过去时（高频考点） 核心：当句中有明确的过去时间状语（seven years ago）时，谓语动词用一般过去时。study的过去式为studied（规则变化，以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加ed）。 拓展：常见过去时间状语：yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020等；不规则动词需单独记忆（如go-went, see-saw）。 2. 一般现在时的被动语态（重点难点） 核心：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词parades and lanterns，“游行和灯笼”是“被举办”的，故用被动语态（be+过去分词）；every year体现一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are，hold的过去分词为held（不规则变化）。 拓展：被动语态结构：一般现在时（am/is/are+done）、一般过去时（was/were+done）、现在完成时（have/has been done），核心是“动作承受者作主语”。 3. 并列连词not just...but also...（高频并列结构） 核心：固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列的成分（此处连接两个名词短语），注意but不能省略，且连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。 拓展：类似并列结构：not only...but also...（可置于句首，前半句倒装）、either...or...、neither...nor...（均遵循就近原则）。 4. 非限制性定语从句+一般过去时 核心：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子（“装饰街道挂灯笼”这件事），从句谓语动词的时态需与主句一致（主句began为过去时，故从句用attracted）。 拓展：非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别：非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，不能用that引导，指代整个句子时只能用which。 5. force sb. to do sth.（固定搭配+不定式） 核心：force为使役动词，固定用法“force sb. to do sth.”，意为“强迫某人做某事”，此处是“迫使他们适应寒冷环境”，故填to adapt。 拓展：类似使役动词用法：ask sb. to do sth., tell sb. to do sth., encourage sb. to do sth.（接不定式作宾补）；而make sb. do sth.（接省略to的不定式）。 6. 非限制性定语从句+一般过去时 核心：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the climate event，“气候事件发生在8200年前”，是过去的动作，故用occurred（occur的过去式，不规则变化，注意拼写：occur→occurred，双写末尾辅音字母）。 拓展：occur的常见搭配：occur to sb.（某人想到……），如It occurred to me that I forgot my keys. 7. 人称代词宾格 核心：and连接两个并列分句，后半句主语指代前面的Northern Hemisphere populations（复数），且作of的宾语，故用宾格them。 拓展：人称代词宾格用法：作动词或介词的宾语，如ask him, look at me；主格与宾格区别：I（主格，作主语）→me（宾格，作宾语），they→them。 8. 过去分词作后置定语 核心：environmental evidence与preserve之间是被动关系（“环境证据被保存在古湖床中”），故用过去分词preserved作后置定语，修饰evidence。 拓展：过去分词作定语的用法：表被动、表完成，可置于名词前（如a broken cup）或名词后（如the book written by Lu Xun）；现在分词作定语表主动、表进行。 9. 形容词作定语（词性转换高频考点） 核心：reliance是名词，需用形容词修饰，increase的形容词形式为increased（意为“增加的”），此处“increased reliance”表示“增加的依赖”。 拓展：词性转换核心：名词前用形容词修饰（如a beautiful flower），动词可通过加-ed/-ing变成形容词（如excite→excited/exciting），名词可通过加-ness变成名词（如happy→happiness）。 10. 非限制性定语从句+一般现在时 核心：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的this ancient climate event（单数），从句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故填serves（主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数）。 拓展：定语从句中，先行词是单数，从句谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用复数，需注意主谓一致。 11. 现在完成时（高频考点） 核心：recently（最近）是现在完成时的标志词，意为“动作从过去开始，持续到现在或对现在有影响”，主语a new book是单数，故填has stepped（step的过去分词为stepped）。 拓展：现在完成时标志词：recently, already, yet, since, for+时间段，结构：have/has+过去分词；注意：瞬间动词（如step, come, go）不能与for+时间段连用，需转换为延续性动词。 12. 宾语从句的时态 核心：how引导宾语从句，作into的宾语，主句谓语动词documented为过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态，但此处描述的是“粉丝圈的运作方式”，是客观事实，故用一般现在时operate。 拓展：宾语从句时态规则：主句为一般现在时，从句可根据句意用任意时态；主句为过去时，从句需用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等），但客观真理/事实仍用一般现在时。 13. 名词复数（词性转换+单复数） 核心：from后接名词，theory是可数名词，根据后面的sociology, communication studies, and cultural studies（三个学科），可知此处用复数theories。 拓展：可数名词复数变化规则：一般加-s（如book→books），以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i加-es（如city→cities），以o结尾的部分加-es（如tomato→tomatoes），不规则变化（如child→children）。 14. be worth doing（固定搭配） 核心：worth是形容词，固定用法“be worth doing”，意为“值得做某事”，此处doing是主动形式表示被动含义（“粉丝圈值得被理解”），故填understanding。 拓展：类似搭配：be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done（意为“值得被做”），如The book is worthy of being read. 15. 现在分词作伴随状语 核心：句子主语the book与show之间是主动关系（“书展示给后代……”），故用现在分词showing作伴随状语，补充说明主句的动作。 拓展：现在分词作伴随状语、结果状语、时间状语等，表主动、表进行；过去分词作状语表被动、表完成，如Seen from the top of the hill, the city is beautiful. 16. 名词（词性转换） 核心：deep是形容词，修饰名词，connect的名词形式为connection（意为“联系”），此处“deep connection”表示“深厚的联系”，为不可数名词，故填connection。 拓展：connect的相关词性：动词connect（connect A with B，把A和B联系起来），名词connection，形容词connected（be connected with，与……有关）。 第一组 举一反三题目（17题，长难句为主，适配考点） 1. My parents, who are both teachers, ______ (work) in the same middle school ten years ago and they still love their jobs now. 2. The beautiful flowers that ______ (plant) in the garden every spring attract a lot of bees and butterflies. 3. She not just finished her homework on time, ______ also helped her little brother with his math. 4. He bought a new smartphone, which ______ (bring) great convenience to his daily life and work. 5. The heavy rain forced the students ______ (cancel) the outdoor activity that they had been looking forward to. 6. The accident, which ______ (happen) on a rainy morning, caused a lot of traffic jams on the highway. 7. All the students worked hard for the exam, and most of ______ achieved good grades in the end. 8. We collected a lot of data ______ (record) in the past five years to do the research on environmental protection. 9. With the ______ (develop) of technology, more and more people can work from home easily. 10. This story tells us a valuable lesson, which ______ (help) us understand the importance of honesty. 11. In recent years, more and more people ______ (realize) the importance of protecting wild animals. 12. The teacher asked us to talk about how we ______ (spend) our winter holiday during the class. 13. This book draws on ______ (study) from different fields to explain the mystery of the universe. 14. The film is worth ______ (watch) because it tells a touching story about family and love. 15. He stood by the window, ______ (look) at the beautiful sunset and thinking about his future. 16. There is a close ______ (relate) between people’s living habits and their health. 17. The scientist, who is famous for his research on space, has a deep ______ (know) of astronomy. 第一组 举一反三答案 1. worked 2. are planted 3. but 4. brought 5. to cancel 6. happened 7. them 8. recorded 9. development 10. helps 11. have realized 12. spent 13. studies 14. watching 15. looking 16. relationship 17. knowledge 第二组 语法填空（16题） 1. Li Chunyang’s exhibition, Poetics of Chunyang: Transgression and Invocation of a Tradition, ______ (feature) nearly 30 recent works that reimagine Chinese literati traditions. 2. Her approach is rooted in cultural essentialism, and she ______ (begin) from the Song and Yuan dynasties paintings to explore classical poetic imagery. 3. With a PhD in art history and theory, Li has actively participated in academic exchange with institutions ______ (include) Tama Art University. 4. What has touched her most along this artistic path ______ (be) the sincerity of friends and the deep bonds of feeling. 5. Numerous studies have shown that people who describe themselves as happy tend to have fewer health problems and a ______ (low) risk of depression. 6. Those who felt happy on the day of the vaccination went on ______ (produce) more flu-fighting antibodies than those who were in a bad mood. 7. Earlier work at Yale University has shown that your mood ______ (affect) the activation of genes that fight disease. 8. It could be that people who have robust immune systems naturally have higher levels of other mood-improving brain ______ (chemical). 9. Humans evolved as social creatures that cooperate in groups ______ (obtain) food and protect themselves from wild animals. 10. We were happier with a close network of friends and family because this ______ (improve) our survival chances in ancient times. 11. Research suggests that 50% of people’s general level of happiness ______ (determine) by genetics, while 40% is under people’s control. 12. A photo of a Siberian tigress with four cubs was taken in the national park, ______ (mark) the second time that such a complete image has been monitored in China. 13. Over the past decade, the strict protection of the national park system has steadily improved the habitat for wild tigers and ______ (leopard). 14. Populations of other animals have also risen, which ______ (help) the survival rate of tiger and leopard cubs increase greatly. 15. Based on previously recorded videos, researchers believe that the two tigers ______ (be) likely a mother and her daughter. 16. Since 2018, the park’s monitoring system ______ (record) 30,000 instances of wild Siberian tigers and 41,000 of Amur leopards. 第二组 答案及详细核心知识点 答案（1-16题） 1. features 2. begins 3. including 4. is 5. lower 6. to produce 7. affects 8. chemicals 9. to obtain 10. improved 11. is determined 12. marking 13. leopards 14. helps 15. are 16. has recorded 详细核心知识点（结合题目，形成系统知识网络，方便背诵记忆） 1. 一般现在时+主谓一致（高频考点） 核心：句子描述展览的客观情况，用一般现在时；主语Li Chunyang’s exhibition是单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数features（feature的第三人称单数直接加s）。 拓展：主谓一致核心：单数主语（可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词短语等）接单数谓语，复数主语接复数谓语；注意集合名词（如family, team）作主语时，表整体用单数，表成员用复数。 2. 一般现在时（并列句时态一致） 核心：and连接两个并列分句，前半句谓语动词is为一般现在时，后半句描述Li的常规做法，也用一般现在时，主语she是单数，故填begins（begin的第三人称单数，双写末尾辅音字母加s）。 拓展：并列句中，前后分句时态需保持一致，若描述客观事实/常规动作，均用一般现在时；若描述过去的动作，均用一般过去时。 3. 介词including（高频词性转换） 核心：include是动词，此处需用介词including（意为“包括”），后接名词短语Tama Art University，作后置定语修饰institutions。 拓展：including与included的区别：including置于名词前（including A），included置于名词后（A included），如Everyone including me agreed with the plan / Everyone agreed with the plan, me included. 4. 主语从句的主谓一致（重点难点） 核心：What引导主语从句，指代“最触动她的事情”，视为单数，谓语动词用is；从句中has touched是现在完成时，主句用一般现在时，描述客观感受。 拓展：主语从句（What/That/Whether等引导）作主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用单数；若从句是并列结构，表复数含义，谓语动词可用复数。 5. 形容词比较级（高频考点） 核心：and连接两个并列的比较级结构（fewer health problems和a lower risk），low的比较级为lower，意为“更低的抑郁风险”。 拓展：形容词比较级变化规则：一般加-er（如low→lower），以e结尾加-r（如nice→nicer），以“重读闭音节”结尾双写末尾辅音加-er（如big→bigger），多音节词前加more（如beautiful→more beautiful）。 6. go on to do sth.（固定搭配+不定式） 核心：go on有两种搭配：go on to do sth.（继续做另一件事），go on doing sth.（继续做同一件事）；此处“接种当天开心的人，之后继续产生更多抗体”，是另一件事，故填to produce。 拓展：类似搭配：continue to do sth. / continue doing sth.（两者均可，表示“继续做某事”，无明显区别）。 7. 宾语从句的时态+主谓一致 核心：that引导宾语从句，主句谓语动词has shown是现在完成时，从句描述客观事实（情绪影响基因激活），用一般现在时；主语your mood是单数，故填affects（affect的第三人称单数直接加s）。 拓展：宾语从句中，若主句是现在完成时、一般现在时，从句可根据句意用一般现在时（客观事实）、现在完成时（持续影响）等。 8. 名词复数（词性转换+单复数） 核心：brain是名词，修饰后面的名词，chemical作名词时意为“化学物质”，是可数名词；根据前面的higher levels（复数），可知此处用复数chemicals。 拓展：chemical的词性：形容词（化学的，如chemical reaction）、名词（化学物质，可数名词）；注意区分可数与不可数名词，如water（不可数）、book（可数）。 9. 不定式作目的状语（高频考点） 核心：“人类以群体合作的方式进化”的目的是“获取食物、保护自己”，不定式to obtain表目的，与后面的protect并列（省略to）。 拓展：不定式作目的状语的用法：置于句末，可加in order to / so as to（so as to不能置于句首），如He got up early to catch the bus / In order to catch the bus, he got up early. 10. 一般过去时（时态呼应） 核心：because引导原因状语从句，主句谓语动词were是一般过去时，从句描述过去的动作（“这提高了我们的生存几率”），故用一般过去时improved。 拓展：原因状语从句中，时态需与主句呼应，主句用过去时，从句也用过去时；主句用现在时，从句根据句意用相应时态。 11. 一般现在时的被动语态 核心：happiness与determine之间是被动关系（“幸福水平被基因决定”），句子描述客观研究结果，用一般现在时的被动语态；主语50% of people’s general level of happiness是单数，故填is determined（determine的过去分词为determined）。 拓展：被动语态的核心：强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的发出者；常见搭配：be determined by（被……决定），be influenced by（被……影响）。 12. 现在分词作结果状语 核心：句子主语a photo与mark之间是主动关系（“照片标志着……”），现在分词marking作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。 拓展：现在分词作结果状语表“自然而然的结果”，过去分词作结果状语表“出乎意料的结果”；如He fell off the bike, breaking his leg（自然而然）/ The window was broken, left open（出乎意料）。 13. 名词复数（并列结构一致） 核心：and连接两个并列的名词tigers和leopards，tigers是复数，故leopard也用复数leopards，保持并列结构一致。 拓展：并列结构中，前后词性、单复数需保持一致，如I like apples and bananas（均为复数名词），He can sing and dance（均为动词原形）。 14. 非限制性定语从句+主谓一致 核心：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子（“其他动物数量增加”这件事），视为单数，从句用一般现在时，故填helps（help的第三人称单数直接加s）。 拓展：非限制性定语从句中，which指代整个句子时，谓语动词用单数；指代复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。 15. 宾语从句的主谓一致 核心：that引导宾语从句，主语the two tigers是复数，从句描述研究者的判断，用一般现在时，故填are。 拓展：宾语从句中，主谓一致由从句主语决定，与主句主语无关；如I think that they are right（从句主语they是复数，用are）。 16. 现在完成时（高频考点） 核心：since 2018（自从2018年以来）是现在完成时的标志词，主语the park’s monitoring system是单数，故填has recorded（record的过去分词为recorded）。 拓展：现在完成时的核心含义：1. 动作从过去开始，持续到现在（常与for/since连用）；2. 动作过去发生，对现在有影响（如He has finished his homework, so he can watch TV）。 第二组 举一反三题目（16题，长难句为主，适配考点） 1. The school’s new library, which was built last year, ______ (have) a large number of books and magazines for students to read. 2. He is good at playing the piano, and he ______ (practice) it for two hours every day to improve his skills. 3. Our class has 45 students, ______ (include) 23 boys and 22 girls. 4. What ______ (make) him different from other students is his perseverance and hard work. 5. People who exercise regularly have a ______ (healthy) body and a better mood than those who never exercise. 6. After finishing his homework, he went on ______ (read) his favorite novel for a while. 7. The study shows that enough sleep ______ (improve) people’s memory and work efficiency. 8. The doctor said that there are many ______ (medicine) that can help treat this kind of disease. 9. They saved a lot of money ______ (buy) a new house for their parents. 10. She was late for school because she ______ (miss) the early bus this morning. 11. The result of the exam ______ (decide) by students’ daily efforts and preparation. 12. He won the first prize in the competition, ______ (make) his parents very proud of him. 13. In the zoo, we saw many tigers, lions and ______ (bear) playing in their enclosures. 14. The number of people who like reading has increased, which ______ (promote) the development of bookstores. 15. I believe that the two girls ______ (be) good friends because they always help each other. 16. Since he came to this city five years ago, he ______ (work) in the same company and made many good friends. 第二组 举一反三答案 1. has 2. practices 3. including 4. makes 5. healthier 6. to read 7. improves 8. medicines 9. to buy 10. missed 11. is decided 12. making 13. bears 14. promotes 15. are 16. has worked 语法知识点系统总结（详细全面，方便背诵记忆） 一、时态类（高频考点，重中之重） 1. 一般过去时 - 标志词：yesterday, last week, ago, in+过去年份, just now, once等。 - 用法：描述过去发生的动作、状态，或过去的常规动作。 - 注意：规则动词过去式变化（加-ed），不规则动词需单独记忆（如study→studied, go→went, hold→held）。 - 例句：They studied at Lancaster University seven years ago.（第一组第1题） 2. 一般现在时 - 标志词：every day, usually, often, always, sometimes, now and then, 客观事实/真理。 - 用法：描述客观事实、真理，常规动作、习惯性动作，现阶段的状态。 - 主谓一致：单数主语（可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词等）接单数谓语（加-s/-es），复数主语接复数谓语。 - 例句：The festival includes dragon parades and kung-fu shows.（原文改编） 3. 现在完成时 - 标志词：recently, already, yet, since+时间点, for+时间段, so far, up to now等。 - 用法：① 动作从过去开始，持续到现在（常与for/since连用）；② 动作过去发生，对现在有影响。 - 结构：have/has+过去分词（注意不规则过去分词，如see→seen, step→stepped）。 - 注意：瞬间动词（如come, go, step, record）不能与for+时间段连用，需转换为延续性动词（如come→be here）。 - 例句：Since 2018, the park’s monitoring system has recorded 30,000 instances of wild Siberian tigers.（第二组第16题） 二、被动语态（重点难点，常结合时态考查） - 核心含义：强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的发出者（动作发出者可由by引出）。 - 常见结构： ① 一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词（如The parades are held every year. 第一组第2题） ② 一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词（如The accident was caused by carelessness.） ③ 现在完成时被动：have/has been+过去分词（如The work has been finished.） - 注意：不及物动词（如happen, occur, come）无被动语态；有些动词短语（如take care of, look after）的被动语态需保留介词（如The baby is taken care of by her mother.）。 - 例句：50% of people’s general level of happiness is determined by genetics.（第二组第11题） 三、复合句（核心考点，涵盖定语从句、宾语从句、主语从句） 1. 定语从句 - 定义：修饰名词或代词（先行词）的从句，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 - 引导词： ① 关系代词：who（指人，作主语/宾语）、whom（指人，作宾语）、which（指物/整个句子，作主语/宾语）、that（指人/物，作主语/宾语，不能引导非限制性定语从句）、whose（指人/物，作定语）。 ② 关系副词：when（指时间）、where（指地点）、why（指原因）。 - 重点： - 非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，不能用that引导，which可指代整个句子。 - 定语从句中，先行词是单数，从句谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数，从句谓语动词用复数。 - 例句：The pair began decorating the streets with hundreds of traditional lanterns, which attracted more local people.（第一组第4题） 2. 宾语从句 - 定义：作动词、介词或形容词的宾语的从句。 - 引导词：that（可省略，无含义）、whether/if（是否）、what/who/which/how等（有具体含义）。 - 时态规则： ① 主句为一般现在时，从句可根据句意用任意时态。 ② 主句为过去时，从句需用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等）。 ③ 从句为客观事实/真理，无论主句时态如何，从句均用一般现在时。 - 例句：Josh said he remembers falling in love with the city immediately when he landed.（原文改编） 3. 主语从句 - 定义：作句子主语的从句，常用What/That/Whether等引导。 - 主谓一致：主语从句视为单数，谓语动词用单数；若从句是并列结构，表复数含义，谓语动词可用复数。 - 例句：What makes this festival special is that it brings everyone together.（第一组第3题） 四、非谓语动词（高频考点，分为不定式、现在分词、过去分词） 1. 不定式（to do） - 常见用法： ① 作宾补：force sb. to do sth., ask sb. to do sth., tell sb. to do sth.（使役动词make/let/have后接省略to的不定式）。 ② 作目的状语：to do / in order to do / so as to do（表“为了……”）。 ③ 固定搭配：go on to do sth., be willing to do sth., plan to do sth.。 - 例句：The climate shift forced them to adapt to colder conditions.（第一组第5题） 2. 现在分词（doing） - 核心含义：表主动、表进行。 - 常见用法： ① 作伴随状语：补充说明主句动作，与主句主语是主动关系。 ② 作结果状语：表自然而然的结果。 ③ 作定语：修饰名词，与名词是主动关系。 - 例句：He stood by the window, looking at the sunset.（第一组举一反三第15题） 3. 过去分词（done） - 核心含义：表被动、表完成。 - 常见用法： ① 作定语：修饰名词，与名词是被动关系（可置于名词前或后）。 ② 作状语：与主句主语是被动关系，表时间、原因、条件等。 - 例句：Scientists compared archaeological findings with environmental evidence preserved in ancient lake beds.（第一组第8题）（修正句首小写错误） 五、词性转换（基础考点，贯穿所有题目） - 核心原则：根据句子成分确定词性（名词前用形容词，动词后用副词，介词后用名词等）。 - 高频转换类型： ① 动词→名词：study→study, connect→connection, develop→development, chemical→chemicals。 ② 动词→形容词：increase→increased, excite→excited/exciting, interest→interested/interesting。 ③ 形容词→比较级/最高级：low→lower→lowest, healthy→healthier→healthiest, good→better→best。 ④ 动词→介词：include→including。 - 注意：可数名词复数变化规则，不规则名词复数（如child→children, mouse→mice）。 六、并列结构与并列连词（基础考点，保证句子流畅） - 常见并列连词：and（和）、but（但是）、or（或者/否则）、so（所以）。 - 固定并列搭配：not just...but also...（不仅……而且……）、not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）、either...or...（要么……要么……）、neither...nor...（既不……也不……）。 - 注意：并列结构中，前后词性、单复数、时态需保持一致。 - 例句：It brings everyone together — not just the Chinese community, but also people from different backgrounds.（第一组第3题） 七、固定搭配（高频考点，需重点背诵） 1. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 2. go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 3. go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 4. be worth doing 值得做某事（主动表被动） 5. be rooted in 植根于…… 6. be determined by 被……决定 7. not just...but also... 不仅……而且…… 8. compare...with... 把……和……作比较 9. rely on 依赖；依靠 10. participate in 参与；参加 八、易错点总结（规避常见错误） 1. 时态混淆：分不清一般过去时与现在完成时（关键看标志词）。 2. 被动语态遗漏be动词：如误写为“is determined”为“determined”。 3. 非谓语动词误用：现在分词与过去分词混淆（看与主语的关系）。 4. 主谓一致错误：主语从句、单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 5. 词性转换错误：如误写“chemicals”为“chemical”，“theories”为“theory”。 6. 固定搭配记错：如误写“be worth doing”为“be worth to do”。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $