Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world(第二课时)复习+阅读组合训练 导学案 -2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第四册

必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the world(第二课时)复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习必修三Unit4 Extended reading词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part One重要短语 1.make a difference有影响，起作用 2.thanks to 因为，多亏了 3.refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 4.give up放弃 5.speed up(使)加速 6.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 7.through trial and error反复试验 8.draw on凭借，利用 9.make good use of 充分利用 10.by accident偶然；意外地 11.with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 12.show off显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄 13.let sb.down使某人失望 14.as to 关于，至于 15.take it for granted想当然认为，认为……是理所当然 16.put forward提出，提议，建议 17.far from the truth根本不是事实 18.work out计算出；理解 19.go through穿过；经历 20.come up即将发生(或出现、到来) 21.get a taste of体验；尝到 22.put another way换句话说 23.turn over翻转 Part two Extended reading The Value of Science科学的价值 1.It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb.科学显然是有用的；它是好的。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。 (1)atomic adj. 原子能的；原子的 (2)bomb n. 炸弹；核武器　vt. 轰炸 (3)work on... 从事 【拓展】carry on 继续 take on 呈现，接纳，承担，从事 turn on打开 put on穿上，上演 pass on 传递 pass...on to 把……传递给 agree on达成共识 call on拜访，看望 keep on继续 hang on 稍等，别挂断 单句语法填空 ①No other organization was able or willing to take on the job ②Pass on the book to me when you've finished with it. ③Hundreds of ________ (bomb) were dropped on the city. bombs 2.This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. 这个科学的成果显然非常危险——它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。 3.I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science？”我不得不问自己：“科学中是不是包含着罪恶？” (1)destruction n.破坏，摧毁--- destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的---destroy v.破坏，毁灭 (2)at risk处于危险或风险之中 【拓展】risk doing 冒险做.... (3)evil n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处　adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 (4)involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加---involved adj.涉及的，复杂的，有关的 【归纳用法】 ①involve sb in sth 使某人参与/牵涉到某事 involve doing.... 需要做....;包括.... ②be/get involved in.... 参加;被卷入....之中 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该积极参加社团活动，从中获得成长的经验。 I ask you not to get involved in this kind of matter, it's none of your business.我要求你不要卷入这种事，它与你无关 【拓展】involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。 It was a very involved explanation.这是一个非常复杂的解释。 We need to examine all the costs involved in the project first. 我们首先应该仔细考虑与这一项目有关的所有费用 (1)单句语法填空 ①I am told that the test will involve ________ (answer) questions about a photograph. ②Sarah wanted to get ________ (involve) in a volunteer program to enrich her life. 答案：①answering　②involved ③All the people (involve) in the matter were taken to the large hall. involved ④Parents should involve themselves in their children's education. ⑤He was involved(involve)in reading the novel all morning. (2)单句表达 亚洲国家的问候并不包括触摸别人，但总是有手的接触。 Greetings in Asian countries do not ________________ the other person, but they always involve the hands. 答案：involve touching 4.Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do? 换言之，当我发现科学可能造成的恶果后，我一直全心投入且热爱的科学，其价值是什么？ 【句型讲解】 (1)the value of the science I had long devoted myself to------I had long devoted myself to是定语从句，修饰the science，省略了关系代词that/which。 (2)the thing I had loved-----I had loved是the thing 的定语从句，省略了关系代词that/which，在从句中作宾语。 (3)when I saw what terrible things it could do是when 引导的时间状语从句； (4)what terrible things it could do是saw的宾语从句； (5)terrible things it could do------it could do 是things的定语从句，省略的关系代词在从句中作do的宾语 单句语法填空 (1)Do you remember the village __________ we worked last summer? (2)Do you remember the village __________ we visited last summer? (3)Do you remember the days _________ we spent together last summer? (4)The camp was full of people __________ homes had been destroyed. (5)He told me everything __________ he had seen in the accident. (6)The factory __________ makes bikes was built in 1930. (7)Miss Feng is my favorite math teacher, with help I've made great progress in my study. (8)There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands. 1.where 2.that / which 3.that / which 4.whose 5.that 6.which / that 7.whose 8.where 5.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.科学所体现的第一种价值对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种事情，制造各种东西。 (1)familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的；随便的 【归纳】 ①be/get familiar with　熟悉……；与……熟悉起来 (其主语通常是指人的名词) ②be familiar to 为……所熟悉(其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物) ③unfamiliar adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的；不认识的；无……的知识(或经验) ④familiarize vt. 熟悉；(使)了解；通晓 familiarize oneself with　使自己熟悉 【注意】be familiar to 的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物 (2)enable sb to do 使某人能够做某事 (3)scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 (4)in which science is of value-----“of＋名词”结构，在句子中作表语，也可作后置定语和宾语补足语 本句中的is of value是“be＋of＋n.”结构 What you are saying is of no interest (＝not interesting) to me.你说的话让我提不起兴趣。 His opinion is considered to be of great value (＝greatly valuable)．大家认为他的观点很有价值。 The rooms upstairs are of unequal size.楼上的房间大小不同 单句语法填空 (1)Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar to them. (2)I believe these donated books will not only make you familiar with China but help improve your Chinese. (3)For one thing, China's overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they are desperate to familiarize themselves (them) with what is going on in China (4)Dictionaries are of great help to English learners. (5)In fact, sports can be of great ________ (beneficial) to our health. benefit (6)She is looking for some girls of an age． 6.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. 科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是关于如何运用科学，它并未自带说明书。 (1)enabling adj.授权的；有条件完成的---enable v.使能够---able adj.有能力的 (2)a power to do.... 做.....的力量(或权力) (3)the instructions on.... 关于.....的指示或说明 (4)how to apply it是疑问词接动词不定式的结构作on的宾语 (5)apply vt.& vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关 ---application n.申请；应用；应用软件----applicant n.申请人----applied adj.应用的，实用的 【归纳用法】 apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物 apply to sth/sb 适用于某物/某人 apply to do... 申请做..... apply...to..... 把....运用于...... apply oneself to (doing)... 全神贯注于(做).... We need to apply for permission to build a garage.我们建车库需要申请许可。 The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶规则适用于每一个人。 The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound. 正确的做法会是在伤口上施加直接压力。 Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几个月里，他一门心思改进技术。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The new technology was applied ________ farming. ②The nurse applied some medicine ________ her swollen arm. ③In spite of much noise, he still applied himself to ________ (read)． 答案：①to　②to　③reading ④The new manager would like to see the girl (apply) for the position. applying ⑤A young girl walked out of the hall and said something to the (apply)． applicants (2)单句表达 艾伦决定向学校申请奖学金。 Alan made up his mind to __________________________ a scholarship. 答案：apply to his school for 7.With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. 随着更多的知识而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。 【句型讲解】 (1)With more knowledge comes a deeper是介词短语放在句首，后面用完全倒装 (2)inspiring one to look deeper still是现在分词短语作结果状语 (3)inspire sb to do... 激励某人做.... 【拓展】inspire vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生---inspired adj. 受鼓舞的，受启发的 ---inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发人心的---inspiration n. 灵感，启发 单句语法填空 ①He inspired many young people to_take_(take) up the sport. ②I really wonder where his inspiration(inspire) came from. ③Hearing the inspiring news，my children were very inspired. (inspire) 8.Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 我们从不担心答案会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们进行一次次新的探索去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更精妙的问题与奥秘。 (1)let sb down 使某人失望 【拓展】 let off　　排放；不惩罚，宽恕 let out 泄露；发出叫声 let sb.alone 不要管某人，不打扰某人 let alone 更不用说，更谈不上 let sth.down 使某物降低 let in 让……进来 (2)turn over翻转；交接；翻阅 ；翻过来 (3)strangeness n.陌生；冷淡；奇妙--strange adj.奇怪的，不寻常的；陌生的 (4)concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的；关注的，关切的；有关的，有牵连的 be concerned about/for...担心……，关心…… be concerned with ...与……有牵连；与……有关 as far as I'm concerned就我而言，依我看 【拓展】①concern n．担心，忧虑；关心 vt.涉及：让(某人)担忧 show/express one's concern about/for...对……表示关心 ②concerning prep.关于；涉及 单句语法填空 (1)You should not ask the questions which are concerned with personal problems. (2)A number of parents have showed concern about/for their children's safety. (3)As far as I'm concerned (concern)，Emily is the only one that you can trust. (4)He asked several questions concerning (concern) the future of the company. (5)I'll let him off this time but next time he'll be punished. (6)I'm counting on you to make it—don't let me down． (7)It remains unknown who let out the secret. (8)When my father is upset，he would rather we let him alone． 9.Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. 得益于科学上的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，它们远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家想象得更加美妙。 (1)Thanks to... 幸亏.... (2)all sorts of... 各种各样.... 【拓展】sort n.种类, 类别 vt.整理, 分类; 妥善处理 sort of=kind of　有几分地; 稍稍 a sort of 一种, 某种 sort out 挑选出, 分类; 清理出 单句语法填空 ①Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular ____two categories into ②Besides, please sort _______your problems in life or study in advance. Out ③She suddenly seemed to have a certain sort of confidence. 10.I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. 现在，我要说到科学所拥有的第三种价值。 The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. 科学家会有许多无知、怀疑和不确定的经历，而这种经历非常重要。 (1)turn to....求助于，转向，致力于 (2)ignorance n. 无知---ignorant adj.无知的，（对某事物）不了解的---ignore v.不理睬；忽视 be ignorant of/about 对……不了解/不知道 be in ignorance of 对……无知; 对……不了解 【拓展】ignored　adj. 被忽视的; 被忽略的 【类似】advanced adj.高级的，先进的 focused adj.专注的，目标明确的 balanced adj.平衡的 concerned adj.相关的；担心的；关注的 respected adj.受人尊敬的 单句语法填空 ①The man is ignorant(ignore) of the dangers of too much sun. ②I am embarrassed by my complete ignorance (ignore) of history. ③The singer held his head and walked past, ignoring(ignore) his fans. ④At that time I was ignorant events going on elsewhere. of ⑤The failure in moral education is the result of ________ (ignore) of life. 答案：ignorance 11.When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant.When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain.当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有猜想时，他是不确定的。 (1)the answer to.... ....的答案(to为介词) 【拓展】the key/guide/approach/access to..... (2)as to 关于，至于 【拓展】“关于，至于”其他相关短语 as for/regards 至于；关于 with respect to至于；关于；就.....而言 in/with regard to 至于 in respect of 关于，涉及 ①As to/for the flood, I have heard nothing. 至于那次水灾，我没听到什么。 ②As for the film, I don't like it.至于电影，我不喜欢。 ③In regard to disaster response, this is ideal. 关于灾难反应，这是理想的。 ④I have a problem in respect of the writing style.我有一个关于写作风格的问题。 (1)单句语法填空 ①As ________ (regard) a cure for the disease, very few advances have been made. ②The two groups were similar ________ respect to income and status. 答案：①regards　②with ③Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access ________ education. to ④There is no simple solution this problem. to ⑤Let's take a new approach to dealing(deal) with the problem. (2)单句表达 你对我们的销售方式有什么好的建议？ Do you have any suggestions in ______________ our way of sale? 答案：respect of 12.Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. 但是我们怀疑的自由，产生于科学早期与权威所展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。 (1)take it for granted想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 take it for granted想当然认为，认为……是理所当然 【拓展短语】 take it easy从容，不紧张，放松 take one’s time不匆忙，不急，慢慢来 take sth.seriously认真对待某事 take advantage of利用 take...by surprise使某人吃一惊；出其不意地攻击 take charge of 负责，掌管 take pride in 以……自豪 (2)that it is perfectly possible to live and not know是take it for granted 的宾语从句，连接词that 在从句中不作成分；it is perfectly possible to live and not know中it 为形式主语，to live and not know为句子真正的主语 (3)freedom n. 自由---free adj.自由的；免费的；v.释放；使解脱出来(free from)----freely adv.自由地 (4)authority n. 权威，权力；官方 (5)recognize vt. 承认, 意识到; 认出, 辨别出 ---recognition n.识别; 承认, 认出--- recognized adj.公认的，认可的 【归纳拓展】 recognize sb. /sth. as/to be. . . 认为某人/某物是……; 把某人/某物看作…… It is/was recognized that. . . 人们认识到/……是公认的 单句语法填空 (1)He began to take science seriously (serious)only when he did some research in farming. (2)We take it for granted(grant)that everyone should have the chance to be educated. (3)I'm going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. (4)We take pride in offering you the highest standards. (5)We recognize him (be) a hard­working and honest person. to be (6)We have to recognize there are shortcomings in our work. that (7)They got (recognize) for their kindness. recognition (8)We have to study and not merely assert (断言) that there should be no authority but only ________ (free) and so on. freedom 13.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。 permit vt.& vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能　n. 许可证---permission n.准许；许可；批准 【归纳用法】 ①permit sb to do... 允许某人做.... permit doing... 允许做..... weather/time permitting=if weather/time permits 如果天气/时间允许的话 ②without permission 未经许可 No visitors are permitted to take photos here unless they have a permit.除非游客有许可证，否则不准在这里拍照。 We don't permit chatting during work time. 上班时间我们不许聊天。 They can't leave the country without permission.没有许可，他们不得离开这个国家。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We don't permit ________ (smoke) in the office. ②Time ________ (permit), I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship. ③But no one is permitted ________ (take) books out of the building. 答案：①smoking　②permitting　③to take ④He shouldn't be taping without the singer's ________ (permit)．答案：permission ⑤Smoking is not permitted(not permit)in the cinema. ⑥Time permitting(permit), we'll go on a journey.如果时间允许，我们就去旅行。 (2)单句表达 天气允许的话，我们将在花园里举办派对。 The party will be held in the garden, ______________________． 答案：weather permitting 14.It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家我们有责任深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果，我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值；我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨；我们有责任要求这种自由，这是我们对所有后代的义务。 (1)....,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought---现在分词短语knowing作伴随状语， (2) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought----that引导定语从句 (3)demand v.强烈要求；需要，需求；n.坚决的要求；需求；需求 the demand for.... 对……的需求或要求 in demand有需求的 demand to do.... 要求做.... There is a great demand for these goods. 对这些货物的需求量很大 Cold drinks are in demand in the summer. 夏季需要清凉饮料 He demanded to see my passport. 他要求看我的护照 【拓展】demand后接宾语从句时，从句谓语一般要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形；其被动语态为should+be+动词过去分词，其中should可以省略 比较同义句： He demanded to be told everything.=He demanded that he (should) be told everything. 他要求把一切都告诉他。 单句语法填空 ①He was much in demand as a lecturer in the US. ②The fusty old establishment refused to recognise the demand for popular music. ③The demand to see (see)her work is much greater than expected. ④The seller demanded that payment be made (made)within five days. (4)responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 ---responsible adj.负责任的，对....负责的---irresponsible adj.不负责任的 【归纳短语】 ①a sense of responsibility 责任感 take responsibility for... 对....负责 ②be responsible for.... 对...负责 This will help them build up a sense of responsibility since young.这将有助于帮助他们从小建立责任感。 You are in charge of the company, so you should take responsibility for what you said.你负责这家公司，所以你应该为你所说的负责。 (5)declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报---declaration n.宣言；声明；公告 【归纳用法】 de clare that.... 表明...,宣称..... declare ...... to be/as... 宣布.....是..... declare for/against.... 赞成/反对..... declare war (on...) (向....宣战) declare sth open/closed 宣布某事的开始/结束 The accused man was declared to be innocent by the court法庭宣布被告无罪。 When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy. 他们向他征求意见时，他表明强烈反对这项政策。 (6)本句中含有not...but...结构，意为：不是……而是……。 not...but...连接两个主语时，谓语的数要遵循“就近原则”。 【拓展】not only...but (also)...不但……而且……，连接两个主语时，谓语的数也要遵循“就近原则” 单句语法填空 (1)The local government should not ignore its ________ (responsible) or turn a blind eye to the problem. (2)The manager should take the responsibility ________ the failure of the plan. 答案：①responsibility　②for (3)She feels a strong sense of responsibility towards her employees. (4)He takes the view that children are responsible for their own actions. (5)It is their responsibility to ensure(ensure)that the rules are carried out. (6)Li Fang declared ________ she had nothing to do with the matter. (7)The referee declared him ____________ (be) the winner. (8)Do you think he will declare ________ the plan? 答案：①that　②to be　③for/against (9)It's declared ________ only the manager has the authority to sign cheques. 答案：that (10)The doctor finally declared(declare)that the woman was dead. (11)His lecture will not make the children relieved, but make them more nervous.他的话将不会使孩子们放松，而是使他们更加紧张。 (12)Not the passengers but the driver is (be) to take responsibility for the accident. (2)单句表达 政府计划引入新法律，迫使父母为孩子的教育承担更多责任。 The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to __________________________ the education of their children. 答案：take more responsibility for Words in Project put forward 提出，提议，建议；将(钟表等)向前拨；提前；提名，推荐(教材P55) 【拓展】 put up张贴布告等；举起；搭建；留宿 put off推迟，延期 put on穿上，戴上；上演 put out熄灭，扑灭；伸出 put up with忍受 put down写下，记下；放下；镇压 put aside不考虑；储蓄；留出（时间）；放一边 put away 放好；存起来 Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents. 鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。 We've had to put off our wedding until September. 我们不得不把婚期推迟到九月。 I helped him put up some shelves in his bedroom. 我帮他在卧室里装了几个搁架。 I'm not going to put up with their smoking in the office any longer.我再也不能容忍他们在办公室里抽烟了。 (1)写出下列句中put forward的含义 ①They've put the date of their wedding forward by one week.________ ②She put forward a good suggestion at the meeting.________ ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.________ ④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？________ 答案：①提前　②提出　③将(钟表等)向前拨　④提名；推荐 (2)单句表达 谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？ Who ____________________ about black holes? 答案：put forward a theory 阅读理解 Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the 20th century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes. Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics. Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed the master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for the doctorate degree. McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand. An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a perpetual position in the laboratory and got continual incomes. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without repeatedly asking for financial aid. By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize. 5．When did McClintock get a doctorate degree? A．In 1921. B．In 1923. C．In 1925. D．In 1927. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“She completed the master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for the doctorate degree.”可知，她在1925年取得硕士学位，两年后，即1927年取得博士学位。故选D。 6．In the middle of the great economic depression in the US, ________． A．male scientists were in great demand B．male scientists were out of work C．female geneticists were not in demand at all D．young female scientists might have trouble finding a job 答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“But female geneticists were not much in demand.”可知，在美国经济大萧条时期，年轻的女科学家可能很难找到工作。故选D。 7．Which of the following jobs was beneficial to McClintock's research? A．A permanent position in the laboratory. B．A temporary job in the genetics department. C．A job as a botany teacher. D．A job to research cancer. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句中的“she accepted a perpetual position in the laboratory and got continual incomes. This gave her the freedom to continue her research”可知，在实验室的永久职位让McClintock有了持续的收入，对她的研究最有帮助。故选A。 8．Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize? A．Because she received a degree in genes and chromosomes. B．Because she contributed to genetic engineering and cancer research. C．Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes. D．Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.”可知，她在基因与染色体方面的发现使其获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C 完形填空 Did you ever have to say “no” to somebody? Such as a classmate asking to have breakfast with you? New research suggests that, at least socially, a rejection shouldn’t include an — 16 . In other words, saying you are sorry doesn’t make the person being rejected feel any better. 17 , it might make the rejected person feel worse. That is 18 .Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they 19 a request. Gili Freedman is doing some related research at Dartmouth College. For her research, she asked over 1,000 people to respond to different 20 of social rejection. In one instance, the researchers asked people for their 21 after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker who went out to lunch every Friday. And Taylor was told “no”. But in some cases, the person rejecting Taylor 22 an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say they were 23 . People were asked how they would 24 if they were being turned down, just as Taylor was. Most said they would be more 25 by a rejection with an apology than a rejection without an apology. Gili Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like that the rejection was 26 — even when they felt-like it was not okay. Rejection without an apology lets them express their feelings of 27 , hurt or anger more easily. Freedman also said that an apology often makes the person 28 feel better — even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse. However, her research deals only with 29 communication. A business situation might be very 30 . “If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies may be another case.” 16．A．excuse B．apology C．analysis D．explanation 17．A．In fact B．In particular C．Above all D．As a result 18．A．challenging B．alarming C．disappointing D．surprising 19．A．cope with B．hand over C．turn down D．send back 20．A．ideas B．examples C．functions D．rules 21．A．comment B．advice C．reaction D．choice 22．A．accepted B．deserved C．expected D．offered 23．A．helpless B．sorry C．upset D．anxious 24．A．feel B．interact C．behave D．strive 25．A．inspired B．pleased C．embarrassed D．hurt 26．A．flexible B．beneficial C．acceptable D．sufficient 27．A．displeasure B．resistance C．envy D．boredness 28．A．being turned down B．being talked with C．doing the rejection D．expressing the anger 29．A．written B．social C．global D．mass 30．A．different B．effective C．direct D．official 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．A 七选五练习 According to Michael Gelb, the author of ‘Think Like Da Vinci’, any living person can bring out their inner Da Vinci by committing themselves to several ‘Da Vincian’ principles. According to Gelb, although not everyone is born with the gifts and the abilities of Leonardo Da Vinci, it is possible for any person to use the fundamentals of Da Vinci’s approach to learning to guide us toward the realization of our own full potential. 16 Leonardo possessed an intense curiosity about the world around him. It was this undiscouraged curiosity that began in childhood and continued throughout his life that drove Leonardo into becoming one of the greatest thinkers’ humanity. 17 Quite the contrary, Leonardo was a man of action, possessing an unstoppable determination in pursuit of knowledge. The young Leonardo loved nature. Leonardo would wander around the Tuscany countryside asking questions he did not himself yet understand. Questions such as: Why shells exist on the tops of mountains alongside seaweed usually found in the sea. Why lightning is visible whereas thunder is not and takes a longer time to travel. 18 His questions took him under the water (he designed a snorkel as well as diving equipment and even a submarine) and into the sky (he also invented flying machines and a parachute). 19 Gelb recommends a series of exercises which include: Keeping a journal or notebook – Leonardo always carried a notebook with him so that he could jot down ideas, thoughts, impressions and observations as they occurred. Asking questions - Making a list of a hundred questions in your notebook on any given topic that comes into your head. Be willing to make lots of mistakes – Leonardo was not afraid to make mistakes and appear foolish. 20 A. Curiosity can be developed. B. Why so many important families live in Tuscany. C. But don’t think Leonardo was a man of thought alone. D. Here, we are going to look at one key principle: curiosity. E. Leonardo relied only on himself to answer his own questions. F. Actually, Leonardo embraced the feelings of unfamiliarity and foolishness. G. But do not be fooled into thinking that Leonardo did not make any mistakes. 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了好奇心伴随列奥纳多·达·芬奇一生，并造就了达·芬奇的伟大。 综合填空 The Chinese spend an average of three hours a day on their smartphones, 41 (rank) second in the world after Brazilians 42 spend two additional hours on their phones, according to a survey by a German Internet company. Smartphones allow people 43 (order) food, call a taxi, shop online and manage wealth. However, with such convenience 44 (come) overuse. The survey found that Brazilians spend the most time on their smartphones, about five hours a day, 45 (follow) by Chinese. People in the United States, Italy, Spain, Canada, and the United Kingdom spend more than two hours a day on their mobile phones. Last year, a survey of 1, 000 children ranging from ages 0-5   46 (show) that 80.4% of children use smartphones, and more than half of their parents believe 47 mobile phones put their children at ease. Fear of missing out contributes to the high amount of phone checking. The lack of leisure activities is the main reason 48 Chinese people’s smartphone addiction. Offline activities in China, such as sports, travel, art shows, and reading are not as popular as they are in other countries and regions. Though smartphones bring entertainment and convenience, they can have negative 49 (effect) on health. Staring at a screen for a long period of time can cause eye or spine damage. Smartphones are also 50 (associate) with lower quality of sleep and high blood pressure. 41．ranking 42．who/that 43．to order 44．comes 45．followed 46．showed 47．that 48．for 49．effects 50．associated 应用文 假定你所在的城市正在开展创建美丽城市的活动，请你以学生会的名义写一份倡议书，内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 倡议内容；3. 发起倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】 Dear fellow students, A campaign is being launched to beautify our city and create a comfortable environment. We students are expected to take an active part in it. We can start from the very little things around us, like picking up waste in the street, wiping out unwanted advertisements, observing traffic rules and so on. Besides, it’s also a good idea for us to give out booklets to advocate civilized behavior. Every little bit matters. Let’s work together to make our city more beautiful. The Students’ Union 【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为正在开展创建美丽城市的活动写倡议书。 1.词汇积累 开展：launch →hold 开始：start → begin 遵守：observe →obey 此外：besides→ what’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, it’s also a good idea for us to give out booklets to advocate civilized behavior. 拓展句：Besides, it’s also a good idea for us to give out booklets, which will advocate civilized behavior. 【高分句型1】A campaign is being launched to beautify our city and create a comfortable environment.（运用了现在进行时的被动语态，及不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】Besides, it’s also a good idea for us to give out booklets to advocate civilized behavior.（运用了it作形式主语，及不定式作后置定语） 读后续写:阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文 The great advice on making friends Jonah would never forget how he managed to overcome his shyness and make new friends all because of the timely advice he had followed a month ago. He remembered that day clearly. The bell for the break resounded through the corridors at Glendale School. Instead of heading to the canteen like the other children did, Jonah fled to the library. He pushed open the door and headed for the nearest bookshelf. Other than the noise of the air-conditioner, the library was quiet and there was barely a soul in sight. Far in a corner, he spotted the librarian, who seemed too busy shelving some books to pay any attention to him. The windows to the library looked out to the canteen. Jonah could hear children laughing and chatting. He wished he was outside playing with some friends but he did not let this bother him. Suddenly, Jonah heard a sound in the corner. He turned around and saw the librarian walking towards him. “Hi, I’m Mrs Lim.” she greeted him with a smile. “Um...hi, I’m Jonah,” Jonah said, his face flushed red with embarrassment. “Why are you reading here when you could be playing with your friends instead?” “Uh...” Jonah looked around the library, avoiding her gaze. He did not want Mrs Lim to know the real reason why he was in the library. She had the same look in her eyes as Jonah’s father during the quiet car rides home from school. Jonah was helplessly tight-lipped whenever his father asked whom he had played or eaten with at school. From his silence, Jonah’s father knew he was lonely. It was not that Jonah did not have any friends. They all just happened to live really far away. Jonah would stay up late at night chatting on the computer with his old friends from his previous school. Somehow, it made him feel close to them despite the distance. Transferred to this new school, Jonah found it difficult to make new friends. Everyone seemed to have different interests and their own circle of friends. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 “I know how you feel,” Mrs Lim said gently, as if she could read Jonah’s mind. Just then, in the hallway outside the library, a boy from Jonah’s class happened to be picking up something on the floor, with difficulty. “I know how you feel, ” Mrs. Lim said gently, as if she could read Jonah’s mind. “Once I was moving to a new place, alone and miserable.” Mrs. Lim reminisced. Jonah listened attentively and intently. “But then, one of my classmates broke her leg and needed someone to make up for the lost classes. With the final exam approaching, however, no one was willing to help. So, I stepped in, offering my notes and helping her review. Our friendship thus formed, matured and grew fully fledged.” Jonah listened with reverent awe. “So, Jonah, find someone who needs help, and your flower of friendship will surely blossom!” Just then, in the hallway outside the library, a boy from Jonah’s class happened to be picking up something on the floor, with difficulty. Fully enlightened by Mrs. Lim’s advice, Jonah flew out, squatted down and helped the boy pick up his scattering handouts. As the two boys exchanged their names, their conversation flew into other aspects of their life. Almost unbelievably, they lived in the same block, shared the same hockey coach and went to the same cello class! The more the two boys hung out, the better they were acquainted, and the wider Jonah’s world became. See what a tremendous magic a simple suggestion can work! 【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了Jonah是个害羞的孩子，这天他一个人躲到了图书馆里去了，遇到了图书管理员Lim太太，她问为什么Jonah不出去和其他孩子玩耍，他却不想让Lim太太知道他在图书馆的真正原因。最后，Jonah在Lim太太的鼓励下，第一次和别人打了招呼。 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the world(第二课时)复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、复习必修三Unit4 Extended reading词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part One重要短语 1.make a difference有影响，起作用 2.thanks to 因为，多亏了 3.refer to查阅，参考；提到，谈及 4.give up放弃 5.speed up(使)加速 6.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 7.through trial and error反复试验 8.draw on凭借，利用 9.make good use of 充分利用 10.by accident偶然；意外地 11.with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 12.show off显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄 13.let sb.down使某人失望 14.as to 关于，至于 15.take it for granted想当然认为，认为……是理所当然 16.put forward提出，提议，建议 17.far from the truth根本不是事实 18.work out计算出；理解 19.go through穿过；经历 20.come up即将发生(或出现、到来) 21.get a taste of体验；尝到 22.put another way换句话说 23.turn over翻转 Part two Extended reading The Value of Science科学的价值 1.It was obviously useful; it was good. But then during the war I worked on the atomic bomb.科学显然是有用的；它是好的。但随后在战争期间，我从事了原子弹的研究。 (1)atomic adj. 原子能的；原子的 (2)bomb n. 炸弹；核武器　vt. 轰炸 (3)work on... 从事 【拓展】carry on 继续 take on 呈现，接纳，承担，从事 turn on打开 put on穿上，上演 pass on 传递 pass...on to 把……传递给 agree on达成共识 call on拜访，看望 keep on继续 hang on 稍等，别挂断 单句语法填空 ①No other organization was able or willing to take the job ②Pass on the book me when you've finished with it. ③Hundreds of ________ (bomb) were dropped on the city. 2.This result of science was obviously very serious—it represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk. 这个科学的成果显然非常危险——它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。 3.I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science？”我不得不问自己：“科学中是不是包含着罪恶？” (1)destruction n.破坏，摧毁--- destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的---destroy v.破坏，毁灭 (2)at risk处于危险或风险之中 【拓展】risk doing 冒险做.... (3)evil n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处　adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 (4)involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加---involved adj.涉及的，复杂的，有关的 【归纳用法】 ①involve sb in sth 使某人参与/牵涉到某事 involve doing.... 需要做....;包括.... ②be/get involved in.... 参加;被卷入....之中 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该积极参加社团活动，从中获得成长的经验。 I ask you not to get involved in this kind of matter, it's none of your business.我要求你不要卷入这种事，它与你无关 【拓展】involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。 It was a very involved explanation.这是一个非常复杂的解释。 We need to examine all the costs involved in the project first. 我们首先应该仔细考虑与这一项目有关的所有费用 (1)单句语法填空 ①I am told that the test will involve ________ (answer) questions about a photograph. ②Sarah wanted to get ________ (involve) in a volunteer program to enrich her life. ③All the people (involve) in the matter were taken to the large hall. ④Parents should involve themselves their children's education. ⑤He (involve)in reading the novel all morning. (2)单句表达 亚洲国家的问候并不包括触摸别人，但总是有手的接触。 Greetings in Asian countries do not ________________ the other person, but they always involve the hands. 4.Put another way, what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do? 换言之，当我发现科学可能造成的恶果后，我一直全心投入且热爱的科学，其价值是什么？ 【句型讲解】 (1)the value of the science I had long devoted myself to------I had long devoted myself to是定语从句，修饰the science，省略了关系代词that/which。 (2)the thing I had loved-----I had loved是the thing 的定语从句，省略了关系代词that/which，在从句中作宾语。 (3)when I saw what terrible things it could do是when 引导的时间状语从句； (4)what terrible things it could do是saw的宾语从句； (5)terrible things it could do------it could do 是things的定语从句，省略的关系代词在从句中作do的宾语 单句语法填空 (1)Do you remember the village __________ we worked last summer? (2)Do you remember the village __________ we visited last summer? (3)Do you remember the days _________ we spent together last summer? (4)The camp was full of people __________ homes had been destroyed. (5)He told me everything __________ he had seen in the accident. (6)The factory __________ makes bikes was built in 1930. (7)Miss Feng is my favorite math teacher, with help I've made great progress in my study. (8)There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands. 5.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.科学所体现的第一种价值对每个人而言都耳熟能详：科学知识让我们能够做各种事情，制造各种东西。 (1)familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的；随便的 【归纳】 ①be/get familiar with　熟悉……；与……熟悉起来 (其主语通常是指人的名词) ②be familiar to 为……所熟悉(其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物) ③unfamiliar adj. 陌生的；不熟悉的；不认识的；无……的知识(或经验) ④familiarize vt. 熟悉；(使)了解；通晓 familiarize oneself with　使自己熟悉 【注意】be familiar to 的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物 (2)enable sb to do 使某人能够做某事 (3)scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 (4)in which science is of value-----“of＋名词”结构，在句子中作表语，也可作后置定语和宾语补足语 本句中的is of value是“be＋of＋n.”结构 What you are saying is of no interest (＝not interesting) to me.你说的话让我提不起兴趣。 His opinion is considered to be of great value (＝greatly valuable)．大家认为他的观点很有价值。 The rooms upstairs are of unequal size.楼上的房间大小不同 单句语法填空 (1)Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar them. (2)I believe these donated books will not only make you familiar China but help improve your Chinese. (3)For one thing, China's overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they are desperate to familiarize (them) with what is going on in China (4)Dictionaries are of great help English learners. (5)In fact, sports can be of great ________ (beneficial) to our health. (6)She is looking for some girls an age． 6.Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. 科学知识是一种让我们可以行善也可以作恶的力量——但是关于如何运用科学，它并未自带说明书。 (1)enabling adj.授权的；有条件完成的---enable v.使能够---able adj.有能力的 (2)a power to do.... 做.....的力量(或权力) (3)the instructions on.... 关于.....的指示或说明 (4)how to apply it是疑问词接动词不定式的结构作on的宾语 (5)apply vt.& vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关 ---application n.申请；应用；应用软件----applicant n.申请人----applied adj.应用的，实用的 【归纳用法】 apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物 apply to sth/sb 适用于某物/某人 apply to do... 申请做..... apply...to..... 把....运用于...... apply oneself to (doing)... 全神贯注于(做).... We need to apply for permission to build a garage.我们建车库需要申请许可。 The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶规则适用于每一个人。 The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound. 正确的做法会是在伤口上施加直接压力。 Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几个月里，他一门心思改进技术。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The new technology was applied ________ farming. ②The nurse applied some medicine ________ her swollen arm. ③In spite of much noise, he still applied himself to ________ (read)． ④The new manager would like to see the girl (apply) for the position. ⑤A young girl walked out of the hall and said something to the (apply)． (2)单句表达 艾伦决定向学校申请奖学金。 Alan made up his mind to __________________________ a scholarship. 7.With more knowledge comes a deeper, more wonderful mystery, inspiring one to look deeper still. 随着更多的知识而来的是更深刻、更精妙的奥秘，激励我们更深入地去探究。 【句型讲解】 (1)With more knowledge comes a deeper是介词短语放在句首，后面用完全倒装 (2)inspiring one to look deeper still是现在分词短语作结果状语 (3)inspire sb to do... 激励某人做.... 【拓展】inspire vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考；使产生---inspired adj. 受鼓舞的，受启发的 ---inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发人心的---inspiration n. 灵感，启发 单句语法填空 ①He inspired many young people _(take) up the sport. ②I really wonder where his (inspire) came from. ③Hearing the news, my children were very . (inspire) 8.Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries. 我们从不担心答案会令人失望，带着愉悦和信心，我们进行一次次新的探索去发现意想不到的奇妙，它们指向更精妙的问题与奥秘。 (1)let sb down 使某人失望 【拓展】 let off　　排放；不惩罚，宽恕 let out 泄露；发出叫声 let sb.alone 不要管某人，不打扰某人 let alone 更不用说，更谈不上 let sth.down 使某物降低 let in 让……进来 (2)turn over翻转；交接；翻阅 ；翻过来 (3)strangeness n.陌生；冷淡；奇妙--strange adj.奇怪的，不寻常的；陌生的 (4)concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的；关注的，关切的；有关的，有牵连的 be concerned about/for...担心……，关心…… be concerned with ...与……有牵连；与……有关 as far as I'm concerned就我而言，依我看 【拓展】①concern n．担心，忧虑；关心 vt.涉及：让(某人)担忧 show/express one's concern about/for...对……表示关心 ②concerning prep.关于；涉及 单句语法填空 (1)You should not ask the questions which are concerned personal problems. (2)A number of parents have showed concern their children's safety. (3)As far as I'm (concern), Emily is the only one that you can trust. (4)He asked several questions (concern) the future of the company. (5)I'll let him this time but next time he'll be punished. (6)I'm counting on you to make it—don't let me ． (7)It remains unknown who let the secret. (8)When my father is upset, he would rather we let him ． 9.Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. 得益于科学上的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，它们远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家想象得更加美妙。 (1)Thanks to... 幸亏.... (2)all sorts of... 各种各样.... 【拓展】sort n.种类, 类别 vt.整理, 分类; 妥善处理 sort of=kind of　有几分地; 稍稍 a sort of 一种, 某种 sort out 挑选出, 分类; 清理出 单句语法填空 ①Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular ____two categories ②Besides, please sort _______your problems in life or study in advance. ③She suddenly seemed to have certain sort of confidence. 10.I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. 现在，我要说到科学所拥有的第三种价值。 The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. 科学家会有许多无知、怀疑和不确定的经历，而这种经历非常重要。 (1)turn to....求助于，转向，致力于 (2)ignorance n. 无知---ignorant adj.无知的，（对某事物）不了解的---ignore v.不理睬；忽视 be ignorant of/about 对……不了解/不知道 be in ignorance of 对……无知; 对……不了解 【拓展】ignored　adj. 被忽视的; 被忽略的 【类似】advanced adj.高级的，先进的 focused adj.专注的，目标明确的 balanced adj.平衡的 concerned adj.相关的；担心的；关注的 respected adj.受人尊敬的 单句语法填空 ①The man is (ignore) of the dangers of too much sun. ②I am embarrassed by my complete (ignore) of history. ③The singer held his head and walked past, (ignore) his fans. ④At that time I was ignorant events going on elsewhere. ⑤The failure in moral education is the result of ________ (ignore) of life. 11.When a scientist doesn't know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant.When he has an idea as to what the result is, he is uncertain.当科学家不知道某个问题的答案时，他是无知的。当他对于结果是什么有猜想时，他是不确定的。 (1)the answer to.... ....的答案(to为介词) 【拓展】the key/guide/approach/access to..... (2)as to 关于，至于 【拓展】“关于，至于”其他相关短语 as for/regards 至于；关于 with respect to至于；关于；就.....而言 in/with regard to 至于 in respect of 关于，涉及 ①As to/for the flood, I have heard nothing. 至于那次水灾，我没听到什么。 ②As for the film, I don't like it.至于电影，我不喜欢。 ③In regard to disaster response, this is ideal. 关于灾难反应，这是理想的。 ④I have a problem in respect of the writing style.我有一个关于写作风格的问题。 (1)单句语法填空 ①As ________ (regard) a cure for the disease, very few advances have been made. ②The two groups were similar ________ respect to income and status. ③Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access ________ education. ④There is no simple solution this problem. ⑤Let's take a new approach to (deal) with the problem. (2)单句表达 你对我们的销售方式有什么好的建议？ Do you have any suggestions in ______________ our way of sale? 12.Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority in the early days of science. In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. 但是我们怀疑的自由，产生于科学早期与权威所展开的深刻而强硬的斗争。如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。为了进步，我们切不可忘记这场斗争的重要性；我们必须认识到自己的无知，并且为怀疑留出一席之地。 (1)take it for granted想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 take it for granted想当然认为，认为……是理所当然 【拓展短语】 take it easy从容，不紧张，放松 take one’s time不匆忙，不急，慢慢来 take sth.seriously认真对待某事 take advantage of利用 take...by surprise使某人吃一惊；出其不意地攻击 take charge of 负责，掌管 take pride in 以……自豪 (2)that it is perfectly possible to live and not know是take it for granted 的宾语从句，连接词that 在从句中不作成分；it is perfectly possible to live and not know中it 为形式主语，to live and not know为句子真正的主语 (3)freedom n. 自由---free adj.自由的；免费的；v.释放；使解脱出来(free from)----freely adv.自由地 (4)authority n. 权威，权力；官方 (5)recognize vt. 承认, 意识到; 认出, 辨别出 ---recognition n.识别; 承认, 认出--- recognized adj.公认的，认可的 【归纳拓展】 recognize sb. /sth. as/to be. . . 认为某人/某物是……; 把某人/某物看作…… It is/was recognized that. . . 人们认识到/……是公认的 单句语法填空 (1)He began to take science (serious)only when he did some research in farming. (2)We take it for (grant)that everyone should have the chance to be educated. (3)I'm going to take advantage this tour to explore the history of the castle. (4)We take pride offering you the highest standards. (5)We recognize him (be) a hard­working and honest person. (6)We have to recognize there are shortcomings in our work. (7)They got (recognize) for their kindness. (8)We have to study and not merely assert (断言) that there should be no authority but only ________ (free) and so on. 13.Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.要允许我们提问——怀疑——不确定。 permit vt.& vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能　n. 许可证---permission n.准许；许可；批准 【归纳用法】 ①permit sb to do... 允许某人做.... permit doing... 允许做..... weather/time permitting=if weather/time permits 如果天气/时间允许的话 ②without permission 未经许可 No visitors are permitted to take photos here unless they have a permit.除非游客有许可证，否则不准在这里拍照。 We don't permit chatting during work time. 上班时间我们不许聊天。 They can't leave the country without permission.没有许可，他们不得离开这个国家。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We don't permit ________ (smoke) in the office. ②Time ________ (permit), I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship. ③But no one is permitted ________ (take) books out of the building. ④He shouldn't be taping without the singer's ________ (permit)． ⑤Smoking (not permit)in the cinema. ⑥Time (permit), we'll go on a journey.如果时间允许，我们就去旅行。 (2)单句表达 天气允许的话，我们将在花园里举办派对。 The party will be held in the garden, ______________________． 14.It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. 作为科学家我们有责任深知伟大的进步是思想自由的成果，我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值；我们有责任教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨；我们有责任要求这种自由，这是我们对所有后代的义务。 (1)....,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought---现在分词短语knowing作伴随状语， (2) the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought----that引导定语从句 (3)demand v.强烈要求；需要，需求；n.坚决的要求；需求；需求 the demand for.... 对……的需求或要求 in demand有需求的 demand to do.... 要求做.... There is a great demand for these goods. 对这些货物的需求量很大 Cold drinks are in demand in the summer. 夏季需要清凉饮料 He demanded to see my passport. 他要求看我的护照 【拓展】demand后接宾语从句时，从句谓语一般要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形；其被动语态为should+be+动词过去分词，其中should可以省略 比较同义句： He demanded to be told everything.=He demanded that he (should) be told everything. 他要求把一切都告诉他。 单句语法填空 ①He was much demand as a lecturer in the US. ②The fusty old establishment refused to recognise the demand popular music. ③The demand (see)her work is much greater than expected. ④The seller demanded that payment (made)within five days. (4)responsibility n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 ---responsible adj.负责任的，对....负责的---irresponsible adj.不负责任的 【归纳短语】 ①a sense of responsibility 责任感 take responsibility for... 对....负责 ②be responsible for.... 对...负责 This will help them build up a sense of responsibility since young.这将有助于帮助他们从小建立责任感。 You are in charge of the company, so you should take responsibility for what you said.你负责这家公司，所以你应该为你所说的负责。 (5)declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报---declaration n.宣言；声明；公告 【归纳用法】 de clare that.... 表明...,宣称..... declare ...... to be/as... 宣布.....是..... declare for/against.... 赞成/反对..... declare war (on...) (向....宣战) declare sth open/closed 宣布某事的开始/结束 The accused man was declared to be innocent by the court法庭宣布被告无罪。 When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy. 他们向他征求意见时，他表明强烈反对这项政策。 (6)本句中含有not...but...结构，意为：不是……而是……。 not...but...连接两个主语时，谓语的数要遵循“就近原则”。 【拓展】not only...but (also)...不但……而且……，连接两个主语时，谓语的数也要遵循“就近原则” 单句语法填空 (1)The local government should not ignore its ________ (responsible) or turn a blind eye to the problem. (2)The manager should take the responsibility ________ the failure of the plan. (3)She feels a strong sense responsibility towards her employees. (4)He takes the view that children are responsible their own actions. (5)It is their responsibility (ensure)that the rules are carried out. (6)Li Fang declared ________ she had nothing to do with the matter. (7)The referee declared him ____________ (be) the winner. (8)Do you think he will declare ________ the plan? (9)It's declared ________ only the manager has the authority to sign cheques. (10)The doctor finally (declare)that the woman was dead. (11)His lecture will not make the children relieved, make them more nervous.他的话将不会使孩子们放松，而是使他们更加紧张。 (12)Not the passengers but the driver (be) to take responsibility for the accident. (2)单句表达 政府计划引入新法律，迫使父母为孩子的教育承担更多责任。 The government plans to bring in new laws forcing parents to __________________________ the education of their children. 答案：take more responsibility for Words in Project put forward 提出，提议，建议；将(钟表等)向前拨；提前；提名，推荐(教材P55) 【拓展】 put up张贴布告等；举起；搭建；留宿 put off推迟，延期 put on穿上，戴上；上演 put out熄灭，扑灭；伸出 put up with忍受 put down写下，记下；放下；镇压 put aside不考虑；储蓄；留出（时间）；放一边 put away 放好；存起来 Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents. 鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买圣诞礼物。 We've had to put off our wedding until September. 我们不得不把婚期推迟到九月。 I helped him put up some shelves in his bedroom. 我帮他在卧室里装了几个搁架。 I'm not going to put up with their smoking in the office any longer.我再也不能容忍他们在办公室里抽烟了。 (1)写出下列句中put forward的含义 ①They've put the date of their wedding forward by one week.________ ②She put forward a good suggestion at the meeting.________ ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.________ ④Can I put you forward as our club secretary？________ (2)单句表达 谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？ Who ____________________ about black holes? 阅读理解 Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the 20th century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes. Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science. She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics. Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed the master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for the doctorate degree. McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand. An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a perpetual position in the laboratory and got continual incomes. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without repeatedly asking for financial aid. By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize. 5．When did McClintock get a doctorate degree? A．In 1921. B．In 1923. C．In 1925. D．In 1927. 6．In the middle of the great economic depression in the US, ________． A．male scientists were in great demand B．male scientists were out of work C．female geneticists were not in demand at all D．young female scientists might have trouble finding a job 7．Which of the following jobs was beneficial to McClintock's research? A．A permanent position in the laboratory. B．A temporary job in the genetics department. C．A job as a botany teacher. D．A job to research cancer. 8．Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize? A．Because she received a degree in genes and chromosomes. B．Because she contributed to genetic engineering and cancer research. C．Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes. D．Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes. 完形填空 Did you ever have to say “no” to somebody? Such as a classmate asking to have breakfast with you? New research suggests that, at least socially, a rejection shouldn’t include an — 16 . In other words, saying you are sorry doesn’t make the person being rejected feel any better. 17 , it might make the rejected person feel worse. That is 18 .Many people consider it to be good manners to say they are sorry when they 19 a request. Gili Freedman is doing some related research at Dartmouth College. For her research, she asked over 1,000 people to respond to different 20 of social rejection. In one instance, the researchers asked people for their 21 after a person named Taylor asked to join a co-worker who went out to lunch every Friday. And Taylor was told “no”. But in some cases, the person rejecting Taylor 22 an apology. In other cases, the people doing the rejection did not say they were 23 . People were asked how they would 24 if they were being turned down, just as Taylor was. Most said they would be more 25 by a rejection with an apology than a rejection without an apology. Gili Freedman said the reason is that apologies make people feel like that the rejection was 26 — even when they felt-like it was not okay. Rejection without an apology lets them express their feelings of 27 , hurt or anger more easily. Freedman also said that an apology often makes the person 28 feel better — even as it makes the person being rejected feel worse. However, her research deals only with 29 communication. A business situation might be very 30 . “If a manager rejects a job interviewee or a boss must tell an employee that he or she is being fired from a job,” Freedman said, “reactions to apologies may be another case.” 16．A．excuse B．apology C．analysis D．explanation 17．A．In fact B．In particular C．Above all D．As a result 18．A．challenging B．alarming C．disappointing D．surprising 19．A．cope with B．hand over C．turn down D．send back 20．A．ideas B．examples C．functions D．rules 21．A．comment B．advice C．reaction D．choice 22．A．accepted B．deserved C．expected D．offered 23．A．helpless B．sorry C．upset D．anxious 24．A．feel B．interact C．behave D．strive 25．A．inspired B．pleased C．embarrassed D．hurt 26．A．flexible B．beneficial C．acceptable D．sufficient 27．A．displeasure B．resistance C．envy D．boredness 28．A．being turned down B．being talked with C．doing the rejection D．expressing the anger 29．A．written B．social C．global D．mass 30．A．different B．effective C．direct D．official 七选五练习 According to Michael Gelb, the author of ‘Think Like Da Vinci’, any living person can bring out their inner Da Vinci by committing themselves to several ‘Da Vincian’ principles. According to Gelb, although not everyone is born with the gifts and the abilities of Leonardo Da Vinci, it is possible for any person to use the fundamentals of Da Vinci’s approach to learning to guide us toward the realization of our own full potential. 16 Leonardo possessed an intense curiosity about the world around him. It was this undiscouraged curiosity that began in childhood and continued throughout his life that drove Leonardo into becoming one of the greatest thinkers’ humanity. 17 Quite the contrary, Leonardo was a man of action, possessing an unstoppable determination in pursuit of knowledge. The young Leonardo loved nature. Leonardo would wander around the Tuscany countryside asking questions he did not himself yet understand. Questions such as: Why shells exist on the tops of mountains alongside seaweed usually found in the sea. Why lightning is visible whereas thunder is not and takes a longer time to travel. 18 His questions took him under the water (he designed a snorkel as well as diving equipment and even a submarine) and into the sky (he also invented flying machines and a parachute). 19 Gelb recommends a series of exercises which include: Keeping a journal or notebook – Leonardo always carried a notebook with him so that he could jot down ideas, thoughts, impressions and observations as they occurred. Asking questions - Making a list of a hundred questions in your notebook on any given topic that comes into your head. Be willing to make lots of mistakes – Leonardo was not afraid to make mistakes and appear foolish. 20 A. Curiosity can be developed. B. Why so many important families live in Tuscany. C. But don’t think Leonardo was a man of thought alone. D. Here, we are going to look at one key principle: curiosity. E. Leonardo relied only on himself to answer his own questions. F. Actually, Leonardo embraced the feelings of unfamiliarity and foolishness. G. But do not be fooled into thinking that Leonardo did not make any mistakes. 综合填空 The Chinese spend an average of three hours a day on their smartphones, 41 (rank) second in the world after Brazilians 42 spend two additional hours on their phones, according to a survey by a German Internet company. Smartphones allow people 43 (order) food, call a taxi, shop online and manage wealth. However, with such convenience 44 (come) overuse. The survey found that Brazilians spend the most time on their smartphones, about five hours a day, 45 (follow) by Chinese. People in the United States, Italy, Spain, Canada, and the United Kingdom spend more than two hours a day on their mobile phones. Last year, a survey of 1, 000 children ranging from ages 0-5   46 (show) that 80.4% of children use smartphones, and more than half of their parents believe 47 mobile phones put their children at ease. Fear of missing out contributes to the high amount of phone checking. The lack of leisure activities is the main reason 48 Chinese people’s smartphone addiction. Offline activities in China, such as sports, travel, art shows, and reading are not as popular as they are in other countries and regions. Though smartphones bring entertainment and convenience, they can have negative 49 (effect) on health. Staring at a screen for a long period of time can cause eye or spine damage. Smartphones are also 50 (associate) with lower quality of sleep and high blood pressure. 41．ranking 42．who/that 43．to order 44．comes 45．followed 46．showed 47．that 48．for 49．effects 50．associated 应用文 假定你所在的城市正在开展创建美丽城市的活动，请你以学生会的名义写一份倡议书，内容包括： 1. 活动目的；2. 倡议内容；3. 发起倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 读后续写:阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文 The great advice on making friends Jonah would never forget how he managed to overcome his shyness and make new friends all because of the timely advice he had followed a month ago. He remembered that day clearly. The bell for the break resounded through the corridors at Glendale School. Instead of heading to the canteen like the other children did, Jonah fled to the library. He pushed open the door and headed for the nearest bookshelf. Other than the noise of the air-conditioner, the library was quiet and there was barely a soul in sight. Far in a corner, he spotted the librarian, who seemed too busy shelving some books to pay any attention to him. The windows to the library looked out to the canteen. Jonah could hear children laughing and chatting. He wished he was outside playing with some friends but he did not let this bother him. Suddenly, Jonah heard a sound in the corner. He turned around and saw the librarian walking towards him. “Hi, I’m Mrs Lim.” she greeted him with a smile. “Um...hi, I’m Jonah,” Jonah said, his face flushed red with embarrassment. “Why are you reading here when you could be playing with your friends instead?” “Uh...” Jonah looked around the library, avoiding her gaze. He did not want Mrs Lim to know the real reason why he was in the library. She had the same look in her eyes as Jonah’s father during the quiet car rides home from school. Jonah was helplessly tight-lipped whenever his father asked whom he had played or eaten with at school. From his silence, Jonah’s father knew he was lonely. It was not that Jonah did not have any friends. They all just happened to live really far away. Jonah would stay up late at night chatting on the computer with his old friends from his previous school. Somehow, it made him feel close to them despite the distance. Transferred to this new school, Jonah found it difficult to make new friends. Everyone seemed to have different interests and their own circle of friends. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 “I know how you feel,” Mrs Lim said gently, as if she could read Jonah’s mind. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Just then, in the hallway outside the library, a boy from Jonah’s class happened to be picking up something on the floor, with difficulty. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $