训练小卷 03：题型之GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（III）（训练小卷）（上海专用）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

训练小卷03：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 一、语法填空 （25-26高三上·上海黄埔·期末） Do women make for better endurance athletes than men? You only need to think of any marathon you’ve watched to assume that men tend to outperform women in sport. But an interesting recent review 1 (publish) in the journal Sports Medicine has triggered the discussion. It highlighted that the male-female performance gap in ultra-endurance competitions (events typically more than six hours) is as low as 4 percent, 2 it’s around 10 percent in traditional endurance sport. And the difference seems to reduce the longer the event becomes, to the point that women even outperform men when 3 comes to events like ultra-distance swimming. Just look at the finishing times for the 45.8 km Manhattan Island marathon swim. On average over the past 30 years, the best women 4 (be) 12 to 14 percent faster than the best men. There are lots of theories as to 5 women might make better ultra-endurance athletes. If we look at the physiology, men tend 6 (have) more type II muscle fibers, which are good for high power output sports such as sprinting (短跑). Women have more type I muscle fibers, which produce less force but are more resistant to exhaustion — ideal for ultra-endurance events. Another theory is that women are better than men at burning fat for fuel and so they have spare essential carbohydrate (碳水化合物) stores. This would mean they’re 7 (likely) to hit ‘the wall’ in a race. Other studies show that women are more likely to keep a consistent pace, 8 going too hard too soon.     Sports psychologists have also suggested that women are generally better at bearing pain, reframing feelings such as exhaustion and enjoying the process rather than worrying about the outcome, all of 9 might lead to a better performance. As persuasive as these theories are, it’s difficult to be certain. Ultra-endurance events are niche (小众项目) and the small numbers of women 10 (participate) make it challenging to draw conclusions, and it’s rare to find direct comparisons with men. Hopefully this will change over time. 二、选词填空 （25-26高三上·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．achievement   B．clients    C． construction  D．demonstrates  E. inspired F. integrated     G. privacy   H. philosophy    I. respecting     J. self-sustain  K.shades   Cool Schools in Burkina Faso If architects are people who like to think their way around challenges, building schools in Burkina Faso must be the dream job. The challenges are many: high temperatures, limited funds, scarce materials, and 11 young and in need of protection. Architect Diébédo Francis Kéré, who grew up in the village of Gando, knows these difficulties well. He and others, such as Albert Faus, have found innovative ways to use cheap, local materials to make schools and orphanage (孤儿院) cool and welcoming places without air conditioning. Kéré, who won the Pritzker Prize in 2022, has often said that his work is 12 by his community, which once raised money to support his education. His first major project, Gando Primary School, completed in 2001, combined local clay and traditional techniques with modern ideas. The villagers themselves took part in 13 , creating a structure that was comfortable even under the hot sun. Another of Kéré’s works, the Noomdo Orphanage near Koudougou, 14 his creative approach. The building provides temperature comfort — cool in heat and warm in cold — without needing air conditioning. Its design uses thick walls and light roofs so cool air flows in and hot air escapes. One key innovation is the raised and extended metal roof, which 15 the structure and lets hot air out, inspired by Persian Gulf architecture but given a modern form. The orphanage’s semicircular design also ensures 16 and safety, separating dormitories for boys and girls and creating calm, protected spaces for children. Architect Albert Faus’s Bangre Veenem school complex in Youlou follows a similar 17 . Built with locally sourced stone, the buildings remain cool while 18 traditional beliefs and sacred sites. The red bricks are strong, beautiful, and made by local workers. The school runs from nursery to high school, and students enjoy a comfortable environment that enhances concentration and learning. Solar panels provide electricity, allowing students to study and charge their phones at night — no small 19 in a country where only 22.5% of the population has electricity. Both Kéré and Faus prove that architecture in Burkina Faso can 20 through community engagement, local materials, and sustainable design. Their buildings not only meet environmental and economic challenges but also inspire pride and hope in education and community life. 三、完形填空 （25-26高三上·上海静安·月考）Ever since the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797, locals have complained that Venice, its former capital, is being overrun by visitors. Having spent decades trying to attract tourists, the city council is now rethinking its 21 . In May it built pedestrian gates across the historic neighborhood’s main entrances. When crowds get too 22 , the police will close them, limiting access to locals who possess a special pass. Although this will restrict the number of visitors, the idea of ticketed entry has 23 some locals. “It is the 24 step to becoming Disneyland,” complains one of the city’s urban planners. According to the World Tourism Organization, an agency of the United Nations, the number of international visitors making overnight stays grew to 1.3bn in 2017. Even so, the rise in numbers is not the real problem, says Alex Dichter of McKinsey. “People in 99% of countries in the world are 25 out for more, not fewer, tourists,” he explains. The problem is that these extra tourists are crowding into the same places. This has surprised many in the travel industry. The Internet was meant to spread out tourists more evenly by making less 26 places easier to find. Why has the 27 happened? Analysts at Skift, a travel website, attribute it to the rise of “bucket lists”. Popularised by a film of the same name, which featured a “list of things to do before I kick the bucket”, these internet lists 28 tourists to the same “must see” places. Mr. Dichter also points to several other reasons for the shift. When flag carriers ran air travel as a cartel (垄断), flights cost a fortune—over $ 230 for the 300-mile journey between London and Dublin in the mid-1980s, 29 . But low-cost carriers have transformed the industry. Partly as a result, the share of tourists who are making their first trips has 30 . Such overcrowding brings costs, which are 31 by local residents. Island resorts suffer from littered beaches and polluted water. Local authorities are cobbling together strategies to cope. An extreme reaction is to ban tourists entirely or to 32 visitor numbers. A less 33 approach is to deal with taxes and charges, so that they better reflect the costs tourists impose. Tourists staying in hotels in central Amsterdam pay a higher tax rate than those staying farther away. Another option would be to improve its infrastructure. A study by the University of Venice in 1988 found the city could hold at most 20,750 visitors a day. That is around a quarter of 34 today. The increased demand has not been met by building better public transport. Traditionalists may 35 any new infrastructure in beautiful old cities. But Venice has already built a motorway and a railway station over the past two centuries. 21．A．agenda B．boom C．approach D．constitution 22．A．thick B．full C．accessible D．noisy 23．A．delighted B．upset C．alerted D．confused 24．A．last B．necessary C．complementary D．innovative 25．A．crying B．laying C．rolling D．ironing 26．A．eye-catching B．newly-established C．full-grown D．well-known 27．A．ritual B．nonsense C．misery D．opposite 28．A．transform B．transport C．impose D．direct 29．A．in return B．by contrast C．for instance D．after all 30．A．soared B．stabilized C．declined D．fluctuated 31．A．borne B．burdened C．presented D．struggled 32．A．remove B．strand C．cap D．mask 33．A．aggressive B．exclusive C．fierce D．intense 34．A．vehicles B．traffic C．venues D．estimates 35．A．commit to B．object to C．fall victim to D．submit to 第二套 一、语法填空 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇·月考）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Art can change how we understand the world Amid the quick pace of modern life, I’ve made a conscious effort to seek out moments of quiet discovery. Over the course of this year, whether I’m in my home city or travelling, I’ve made time 1 (visit) art galleries and museums, allowing myself a few hours to make my way through permanent collections. I chance upon a work that arrests me, and that is also new to me. I get lost in all the thoughts 2 arise as I spend time with the exhibits. They make me reflect on life. As debates around the representation of art in public museums grow ever 3 (intense), I’ve found myself thinking about how an exhibit can speak to us. I believe art can deeply affect how we consider the way we understand one another’s experiences and histories. "The Confiscation (没收) of the Contents of an Art dealer’s Gallery" is a work by François Bunel the Younger. The painting depicts several men carrying works of art. We see a man, dressed in black with an uncertain expression on his face, 4 (gesture) to another person who is removing one of the works. In the left foreground a man in a black cloak stands close to a large open chest. There is only one woman in the painting. With her hands 5 (cross) on her belly, she has a sad look on her face. This painting reminds me that throughout history people 6 (recognise) the power of art. It is suggestive to me of the idea that deciding which art to confiscate is clear cut, and that whoever orchestrated this event understands the world in a somewhat unrealistically defined sense of black and white, right and wrong, 7 diversity of form and content. 8 there is art, a world does not seem to have any room for an expansive imagination. Titus Kaphar is a contemporary American artist who leads viewers to explore the story behind his painting. Much of his work explores the narrative gaps in history, highlighting ways that ideas and representations of the past remain relevant to how we comprehend present-day realities. He is also the co-founder of NXTHVN, 9 national arts initiative focused on career advisory for the next generation of artists. A question contemporary German photographer Thomas Struth asked himself at the time of his museum visits was: “What can you valuably take from pictures from the past, which might be a catalyst for productive ideas for the future?” I think this remains an invaluable question for all of us. Our shared humanity includes a collective shared history that can help inform 10 we create our future. 二、选词填空 （25-26高三上·上海长宁·月考）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．modified   B．edge   C． track   D．interfere   E. answer   F. innocent G. mechanism   H. aim   I. tailored   J. selection   K. regulate RNA-based Pesticides Enter the Field Insecticides can be a blunt weapon, killing 11 species along with pests. This year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved what could be a solution: an RNA-based pesticide spray 12 to a gene in its intended target. Proponents believe this new, precise approach will be safer than existing chemicals and could work for many pests. The first RNA pesticide product takes 13 at the Colorado potato beetle, which has evolved resistance to existing chemicals and causes half a billion dollars in lost crops per year around the world. Invented by the company GreenLight Biosciences, Calantha is to 14 with a gene unique to the beetle. When larvae chew on leaves that have been sprayed, the RNA blocks expression of a key protein, and they die within days. This 15 , known as RNA interference (RNAi), is a natural process that most cells use to 16 gene expression and to defend themselves from viruses. After the discovery in 2007 that double-stranded RNA can cross the gut lining of insects and efficiently kill them, researchers tried to turn RNAi into a weapon against bark beetles, mosquitoes, and other insects. A genetically 17 variety of corn that makes its own RNA to kill corn rootworms came on the market in 2023. GreenLight is now developing another pesticide to kill the varroa mite, a notorious scourge of bee hives. Researchers now hope to adapt RNAi to kill moths and other so-called lepidopteran insects, which include some of the most damaging crop pests, such as the diamondback moth and the fall armyworm. Unlike beetles, however, lepidopterans have gut enzymes that easily destroy RNA before it can harm them. One potential 18 , packaging RNA inside a tiny protective shell, has become a hot research area. Insects and other pests are notorious for quickly evolving resistance to toxins, and researchers are already wondering how long it will take natural 19 to counter RNA insecticides. Lab tests have revealed the Colorado potato beetle and the corn rootworm can evolve resistance to RNA, if exposed to high enough doses. Like all inventions that try to take on nature, RNA insecticides will have to be used responsibly to keep their 20 . 三、完形填空 （25-26高三·上海奉贤·期末）How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 训练小卷03：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 一、语法填空 （25-26高三上·上海黄埔·期末） Do women make for better endurance athletes than men? You only need to think of any marathon you’ve watched to assume that men tend to outperform women in sport. But an interesting recent review 1 (publish) in the journal Sports Medicine has triggered the discussion. It highlighted that the male-female performance gap in ultra-endurance competitions (events typically more than six hours) is as low as 4 percent, 2 it’s around 10 percent in traditional endurance sport. And the difference seems to reduce the longer the event becomes, to the point that women even outperform men when 3 comes to events like ultra-distance swimming. Just look at the finishing times for the 45.8 km Manhattan Island marathon swim. On average over the past 30 years, the best women 4 (be) 12 to 14 percent faster than the best men. There are lots of theories as to 5 women might make better ultra-endurance athletes. If we look at the physiology, men tend 6 (have) more type II muscle fibers, which are good for high power output sports such as sprinting (短跑). Women have more type I muscle fibers, which produce less force but are more resistant to exhaustion — ideal for ultra-endurance events. Another theory is that women are better than men at burning fat for fuel and so they have spare essential carbohydrate (碳水化合物) stores. This would mean they’re 7 (likely) to hit ‘the wall’ in a race. Other studies show that women are more likely to keep a consistent pace, 8 going too hard too soon.     Sports psychologists have also suggested that women are generally better at bearing pain, reframing feelings such as exhaustion and enjoying the process rather than worrying about the outcome, all of 9 might lead to a better performance. As persuasive as these theories are, it’s difficult to be certain. Ultra-endurance events are niche (小众项目) and the small numbers of women 10 (participate) make it challenging to draw conclusions, and it’s rare to find direct comparisons with men. Hopefully this will change over time. 【答案】 1．published 2．while 3．it 4．have been 5．why 6．to have 7．less likely 8．instead of/rather than 9．which 10．participating 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨超耐力运动中女性表现不输甚至优于男性的现象，分析生理、体能及心理等方面的原因，也指出研究存在的局限性。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：但最近发表在《运动医学》期刊上的一篇有趣的综述引发了这一讨论。此处为非谓语动词作定语，a review与publish为被动关系，用过去分词published作后置定语。故填published。 2．考查连词。句意：该综述强调，在超耐力比赛（通常耗时六小时以上的赛事）中，男女选手的成绩差距低至4%，而在传统耐力运动中这一差距约为10%。此处表前后两种情况的对比，用连词while，意为“然而”。故填while。 3．考查代词。句意：而且赛事时长越长，这一差距似乎就越小，以至于在超远距离游泳这类赛事中，女性的表现甚至优于男性。此处为固定句型when it comes to...，意为“当谈到……，涉及……时”，用代词it。故填it。 4．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去30年里，平均而言，女子最佳选手的成绩比男子最佳选手快12%到14%。根据时间状语over the past 30 years可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的情况，用现在完成时，主语the best women为复数，助动词用have。故填have been。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：关于为何女性可能成为更优秀的超耐力运动员，有很多相关理论。此处引导宾语从句，作as to的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处缺少原因状语，表“为什么”，用连接副词why。故填why。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：从生理结构来看，男性往往拥有更多的II型肌纤维，这类肌纤维适合短跑等高强度爆发力的运动。此处为固定搭配tend to do sth.，意为“往往会做某事，倾向于做某事”，用动词不定式to have。故填to have。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：这意味着她们在比赛中更不容易遭遇“撞墙期”。根据前文女性更擅长以脂肪为能量来源，保留碳水化合物储备的内容可知，此处表“更不可能的”，用likely的比较级less likely。故填less likely。 8．考查固定搭配。句意：其他研究表明，女性更有可能保持稳定的配速，而不会一开始就用力过猛。结合句意，此处表“而不是”，后接动名词going，用instead of/rather than。故填instead of/ rather than。 9．考查定语从句。句意：运动心理学家还表示，女性通常更能忍受疼痛，能重新看待疲惫等感受，更享受过程而非担忧结果，这些因素都可能让她们取得更好的成绩。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子提到的内容，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：超耐力赛事属于小众项目，参与的女性人数较少，这使得得出结论颇具难度，也很难找到与男性的直接对比数据。此处为非谓语动词作定语，women与participate为主动关系，用现在分词participating作后置定语。故填participating。 二、选词填空 （25-26高三上·上海浦东新·期中）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．achievement   B．clients    C． construction  D．demonstrates  E. inspired F. integrated     G. privacy   H. philosophy    I. respecting     J. self-sustain  K.shades   Cool Schools in Burkina Faso If architects are people who like to think their way around challenges, building schools in Burkina Faso must be the dream job. The challenges are many: high temperatures, limited funds, scarce materials, and 11 young and in need of protection. Architect Diébédo Francis Kéré, who grew up in the village of Gando, knows these difficulties well. He and others, such as Albert Faus, have found innovative ways to use cheap, local materials to make schools and orphanage (孤儿院) cool and welcoming places without air conditioning. Kéré, who won the Pritzker Prize in 2022, has often said that his work is 12 by his community, which once raised money to support his education. His first major project, Gando Primary School, completed in 2001, combined local clay and traditional techniques with modern ideas. The villagers themselves took part in 13 , creating a structure that was comfortable even under the hot sun. Another of Kéré’s works, the Noomdo Orphanage near Koudougou, 14 his creative approach. The building provides temperature comfort — cool in heat and warm in cold — without needing air conditioning. Its design uses thick walls and light roofs so cool air flows in and hot air escapes. One key innovation is the raised and extended metal roof, which 15 the structure and lets hot air out, inspired by Persian Gulf architecture but given a modern form. The orphanage’s semicircular design also ensures 16 and safety, separating dormitories for boys and girls and creating calm, protected spaces for children. Architect Albert Faus’s Bangre Veenem school complex in Youlou follows a similar 17 . Built with locally sourced stone, the buildings remain cool while 18 traditional beliefs and sacred sites. The red bricks are strong, beautiful, and made by local workers. The school runs from nursery to high school, and students enjoy a comfortable environment that enhances concentration and learning. Solar panels provide electricity, allowing students to study and charge their phones at night — no small 19 in a country where only 22.5% of the population has electricity. Both Kéré and Faus prove that architecture in Burkina Faso can 20 through community engagement, local materials, and sustainable design. Their buildings not only meet environmental and economic challenges but also inspire pride and hope in education and community life. 【答案】 11．B 12．E 13．C 14．D 15．K 16．G 17．H 18．I 19．A 20．J 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了建筑师Diébédo Francis Kéré和Albert Faus在布基纳法索，利用当地廉价材料、结合创新设计建造凉爽舒适的学校和孤儿院，展现了可持续建筑理念及其意义。 11．考查名词。句意：挑战有很多：高温、资金有限、材料稀缺，还有需要保护的年轻客户。空处与high temperatures、limited funds等并列，作表语，结合后文young and in need of protection可知，名词clients（客户；受助者）符合语境，此处指需要保护的年轻受助群体。故选B。 12．考查动词。句意：2022年普利兹克奖得主Kéré经常说，他的作品受到了社区的启发，这个社区曾经筹款支持他的教育。空处作谓语，与is构成被动语态，结合which once raised money to support his education可知，他的作品被社区的善举启发，动词inspired（启发）的过去分词形式符合题意。故选E。 13．考查名词。句意：村民们亲自参与建造，打造出即使在烈日下也很舒适的建筑。空处作take part in的宾语，结合前文His first major project, Gando Primary School, completed in 2001可知，此处指村民参与学校的建造，名词construction（建造）符合题意。故选C。 14．考查动词。句意：Kéré的另一作品——库杜古附近的努姆多孤儿院，展示了他富有创意的方法。文章整体为一般现在时，空处作谓语，主语the Noomdo Orphanage为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式，结合后文对孤儿院设计的介绍，可知该作品展示了他的设计方法，动词demonstrates（展示）符合题意。故选D。 15．考查动词。句意：一个关键的创新是升高且延伸的金属屋顶，它为建筑遮挡阳光并排出热气，其灵感来自波斯湾建筑，但采用了现代形式。空处作谓语，主语the raised and extended metal roof为单数，结合常识，屋顶的作用是遮挡阳光，动词shades符合题意。故选K。 16．考查名词。句意：孤儿院的半圆形设计还确保了隐私和安全，将男孩和女孩的宿舍分开，并为孩子们创造了安静、受保护的空间。空处与safety并列，作ensures的宾语，结合separating dormitories for boys and girls可知，分开宿舍是为了保证隐私，名词privacy（隐私）符合题意。故选G。 17．考查名词。句意：建筑师Albert Faus在尤卢的Bangre Veenem学校综合体遵循了类似的理念。空处作follows的宾语，结合前文Kéré的设计理念及后文Built with locally sourced stone, the buildings remain cool可知，此处指两所建筑遵循类似的设计理念，名词philosophy（理念；哲学）符合题意。故选H。 18．考查动词。句意：该建筑采用当地采购的石头建造，在尊重传统信仰和圣地的同时，保持凉爽。空处作伴随状语，结合traditional beliefs and sacred sites可知，此处指尊重传统和圣地，动词respect（尊重）符合句意，逻辑主语the buildings与respect之间为主动关系，respect用现在分词。故选I。 19．考查名词。句意：太阳能电池板提供电力，让学生们可以在晚上学习和给手机充电——在一个只有22.5%人口有电的国家，这绝非小事。空处作no small的宾语，结合前文Solar panels provide electricity可知，在电力匮乏的国家，这是一项不小的成就，名词achievement（成就）符合题意。故选A。 20．考查动词。句意：Kéré和Faus都证明，布基纳法索的建筑可以通过社区参与、当地材料和可持续设计实现自我维持。空处作谓语，情态动词can后接动词原形，结合community engagement, local materials, and sustainable design可知，这样的建筑可以实现自我维持，动词self-sustain（自我维持）符合题意。故选J。 三、完形填空 （25-26高三上·上海静安·月考）Ever since the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797, locals have complained that Venice, its former capital, is being overrun by visitors. Having spent decades trying to attract tourists, the city council is now rethinking its 21 . In May it built pedestrian gates across the historic neighborhood’s main entrances. When crowds get too 22 , the police will close them, limiting access to locals who possess a special pass. Although this will restrict the number of visitors, the idea of ticketed entry has 23 some locals. “It is the 24 step to becoming Disneyland,” complains one of the city’s urban planners. According to the World Tourism Organization, an agency of the United Nations, the number of international visitors making overnight stays grew to 1.3bn in 2017. Even so, the rise in numbers is not the real problem, says Alex Dichter of McKinsey. “People in 99% of countries in the world are 25 out for more, not fewer, tourists,” he explains. The problem is that these extra tourists are crowding into the same places. This has surprised many in the travel industry. The Internet was meant to spread out tourists more evenly by making less 26 places easier to find. Why has the 27 happened? Analysts at Skift, a travel website, attribute it to the rise of “bucket lists”. Popularised by a film of the same name, which featured a “list of things to do before I kick the bucket”, these internet lists 28 tourists to the same “must see” places. Mr. Dichter also points to several other reasons for the shift. When flag carriers ran air travel as a cartel (垄断), flights cost a fortune—over $ 230 for the 300-mile journey between London and Dublin in the mid-1980s, 29 . But low-cost carriers have transformed the industry. Partly as a result, the share of tourists who are making their first trips has 30 . Such overcrowding brings costs, which are 31 by local residents. Island resorts suffer from littered beaches and polluted water. Local authorities are cobbling together strategies to cope. An extreme reaction is to ban tourists entirely or to 32 visitor numbers. A less 33 approach is to deal with taxes and charges, so that they better reflect the costs tourists impose. Tourists staying in hotels in central Amsterdam pay a higher tax rate than those staying farther away. Another option would be to improve its infrastructure. A study by the University of Venice in 1988 found the city could hold at most 20,750 visitors a day. That is around a quarter of 34 today. The increased demand has not been met by building better public transport. Traditionalists may 35 any new infrastructure in beautiful old cities. But Venice has already built a motorway and a railway station over the past two centuries. 21．A．agenda B．boom C．approach D．constitution 22．A．thick B．full C．accessible D．noisy 23．A．delighted B．upset C．alerted D．confused 24．A．last B．necessary C．complementary D．innovative 25．A．crying B．laying C．rolling D．ironing 26．A．eye-catching B．newly-established C．full-grown D．well-known 27．A．ritual B．nonsense C．misery D．opposite 28．A．transform B．transport C．impose D．direct 29．A．in return B．by contrast C．for instance D．after all 30．A．soared B．stabilized C．declined D．fluctuated 31．A．borne B．burdened C．presented D．struggled 32．A．remove B．strand C．cap D．mask 33．A．aggressive B．exclusive C．fierce D．intense 34．A．vehicles B．traffic C．venues D．estimates 35．A．commit to B．object to C．fall victim to D．submit to 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．A 26．D 27．D 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．A 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍威尼斯等热门景点因游客过度拥挤面临的问题，以及背后的原因和当地应对过度拥挤的各类策略。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几十年努力吸引游客后，市议会现在正在重新考虑其方法。A. agenda议程；B. boom繁荣；C. approach方法、途径；D. constitution宪法。根据前文“spent decades trying to attract tourists”和后文采取的限制游客措施可知，此处指重新考虑吸引和管理游客的方法。故选C。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当人群过于密集时，警方会关闭大门，只允许持有特殊通行证的当地人进入。A. thick密集的；B. full满的；C. accessible可接近的；D. noisy吵闹的。根据下文“the police will close them, limiting access to locals”可知，游客数量过多、人群密集时会关门。故选A。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管这会限制游客数量，但门票入场的想法让一些当地人感到不满。A. delighted高兴的；B. upset不满的、心烦的；C. alerted警觉的；D. confused困惑的。根据后文“complains one of the city’s urban planners.”可知，当地人对门票入场的想法是不满的。故选B。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这是变成迪士尼乐园的最后一步，” 该市的一位城市规划师抱怨道。A. last最后的；B. necessary必要的；C. complementary补充的；D. innovative创新的。根据下文“complains one of the city’s urban planners.”推知，当地人认为门票入场的做法会让威尼斯逐渐商业化，沦为迪士尼乐园那样，此处指“最后一步”，体现不满和担忧。故选A。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“世界上 99% 国家的人们都迫切需要更多游客，而不是更少，” 他解释道。A. crying哭、迫切需要；B. laying放置；C. rolling滚动；D. ironing熨烫。根据下文“not fewer”并结合常识可知，此处指大多数国家希望有更多游客。故选A。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：互联网本应通过让不太知名的地方更容易被找到，从而更均匀地分散游客。A. eye-catching引人注目的；B. newly-established新建的；C. full-grown成熟的；D. well-known知名的。根据上文“spread out tourists more evenly”可知，此处指让那些不那么有名的地方被发现，从而分散热门景点的游客。故选D。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么相反的事情发生了？A. ritual仪式；B. nonsense无意义的事；C. misery痛苦；D. opposite相反的事、对立面。根据上文“The Internet was meant to spread out tourists more evenly”和下文“to the same “must see” places.”可知，前文说互联网本应分散游客，而实际情况是游客集中在同一地方，即发生了相反的事情。故选D。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些网络清单因同名电影而流行，电影里有一个“临终前要做的事清单”，它们引导游客前往同样的 “必看” 景点。A. transform改变；B. transport运输；C. impose强加；D. direct引导、指引。根据下文““must see” places.”可知，“必看清单”会引导游客去相同的热门景点。故选D。 29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在20世纪80年代中期，英国航空和爱尔兰航空等航空公司垄断航空旅行时，机票价格高得惊人 —— 例如，伦敦和都柏林之间300英里的旅程票价超过230美元。A. in return作为回报；B. by contrast相比之下；C. for instance例如；D. after all毕竟。上文“flights cost a fortune — over $ 230 for the 300-mile journey between London and Dublin in the mid-1980s”举例说明垄断时期机票价格昂贵，for instance用于举例，符合语境。故选C。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：部分因此，首次旅行的游客比例大幅上升。A. soared飙升、大幅上升；B. stabilized稳定；C. declined下降；D. fluctuated波动。根据前文“But low-cost carriers have transformed the industry.”低成本航空公司改变了航空业可知，出行成本降低，可推测首次旅行的游客数量会大幅增加。故选A。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种过度拥挤带来的代价，由当地居民承担。A. borne承担、承受；B. burdened使负担；C. presented呈现；D. struggled挣扎。根据上文“Such overcrowding brings costs”可知，此处指当地居民承受着过度拥挤带来的负面影响。故选A。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种极端的反应是完全禁止游客，或者限制游客数量。A. remove移除；B. strand使滞留；C. cap限制、给……定上限；D. mask掩盖。结合前文“ban tourists entirely”可知，此处指另一种极端做法是限制游客数量。故选C。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一种不那么激进的方法是处理税收和费用，使其更好地反映游客带来的成本。A. aggressive激进的、强硬的；B. exclusive排他的；C. fierce激烈的；D. intense强烈的。呼应上文“An extreme reaction”此处指相对温和、不激进的方法。故选A。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这大约是今天客流量的四分之一。A. vehicles交通工具；B. traffic交通、人流量；C. venues场所；D. estimates估计数、估算值。根据上文“A study by the University of Venice in 1988 found the city could hold at most 20,750 visitors a day. That is around a quarter ”可知，此处指这个数量是如今客流量的四分之一。故选B。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：传统主义者可能会反对在美丽的古老城市建设任何新的基础设施。A. commit to致力于；B. object to反对；C. fall victim to成为……的受害者；D. submit to屈服于。根据前文“ Traditionalists”和后文“any new infrastructure in beautiful old cities”可知，传统主义者注重保护古老城市的原貌，会反对建设新的基础设施。故选B。 第二套 一、语法填空 （25-26高三上·上海徐汇·月考）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Art can change how we understand the world Amid the quick pace of modern life, I’ve made a conscious effort to seek out moments of quiet discovery. Over the course of this year, whether I’m in my home city or travelling, I’ve made time 1 (visit) art galleries and museums, allowing myself a few hours to make my way through permanent collections. I chance upon a work that arrests me, and that is also new to me. I get lost in all the thoughts 2 arise as I spend time with the exhibits. They make me reflect on life. As debates around the representation of art in public museums grow ever 3 (intense), I’ve found myself thinking about how an exhibit can speak to us. I believe art can deeply affect how we consider the way we understand one another’s experiences and histories. "The Confiscation (没收) of the Contents of an Art dealer’s Gallery" is a work by François Bunel the Younger. The painting depicts several men carrying works of art. We see a man, dressed in black with an uncertain expression on his face, 4 (gesture) to another person who is removing one of the works. In the left foreground a man in a black cloak stands close to a large open chest. There is only one woman in the painting. With her hands 5 (cross) on her belly, she has a sad look on her face. This painting reminds me that throughout history people 6 (recognise) the power of art. It is suggestive to me of the idea that deciding which art to confiscate is clear cut, and that whoever orchestrated this event understands the world in a somewhat unrealistically defined sense of black and white, right and wrong, 7 diversity of form and content. 8 there is art, a world does not seem to have any room for an expansive imagination. Titus Kaphar is a contemporary American artist who leads viewers to explore the story behind his painting. Much of his work explores the narrative gaps in history, highlighting ways that ideas and representations of the past remain relevant to how we comprehend present-day realities. He is also the co-founder of NXTHVN, 9 national arts initiative focused on career advisory for the next generation of artists. A question contemporary German photographer Thomas Struth asked himself at the time of his museum visits was: “What can you valuably take from pictures from the past, which might be a catalyst for productive ideas for the future?” I think this remains an invaluable question for all of us. Our shared humanity includes a collective shared history that can help inform 10 we create our future. 【答案】 1．to visit 2．that 3．more intense 4．gesturing 5．crossed 6．have recognised 7．without 8．Unless 9．a 10．how 【导语】这是一篇议论文。通过具体艺术作品和艺术家的例子，阐述了艺术如何引发人们对生活、历史及彼此经历的思考。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年以来，无论在我家乡还是旅行时，我都抽时间参观美术馆和博物馆，让自己花几小时浏览永久藏品。make time to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“抽出时间做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to visit，作目的状语。故填to visit。 2．考查定语从句。句意：我沉浸在欣赏展品时产生的各种思绪中。此处引导定语从句，先行词thoughts在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，此处应用关系代词that。故填that。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：随着关于公共博物馆中艺术展示的争论愈发激烈，我开始思考一件展品如何与我们产生共鸣。根据“grow ever”可知，此处表示“愈发……”，应用形容词比较级more intense。故填more intense。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们看到一个穿黑衣、表情不安的男人，正朝另一个搬艺术品的人做手势。句中已有谓语see。man与gesture是主谓关系，应用现在分词gesturing，作状语。故填gesturing。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：她双手交叉放在肚子上，脸上带着悲伤的神情。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，hands与cross是动宾关系，应用过去分词crossed，作宾补。故填crossed。 6．考查动词时态。句意：这幅画提醒我，古往今来人们都意识到了艺术的力量。根据“throughout history”可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，且主语people是复数，助动词应用have。故填have recognised。 7．考查介词。句意：除非有艺术存在，否则世界似乎就没有容纳广阔想象的空间。根据“black and white, right and wrong”及空后名词“diversity”可知，此处应用介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。 8．考查条件状语从句。句意：除非有艺术存在，否则世界似乎就没有容纳广阔想象的空间。根据逗号前后的逻辑关系可知，此处引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果没有”，应用unless，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unless。 9．考查冠词。句意：他也是NXTHVN的联合创始人，这是一项全国性的艺术倡议，专注于为下一代艺术家提供职业咨询。此处表示泛指“一项”倡议，且national以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：我们共同的人性包含着集体共享的历史，这有助于指导我们如何创造未来。此处引导宾语从句，作inform的宾语，根据“a collective shared history”及“we create our future”可知，此处应用how，表示“如何”。故填how。 二、选词填空 （25-26高三上·上海长宁·月考）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．modified   B．edge   C． track   D．interfere   E. answer   F. innocent G. mechanism   H. aim   I. tailored   J. selection   K. regulate RNA-based Pesticides Enter the Field Insecticides can be a blunt weapon, killing 11 species along with pests. This year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved what could be a solution: an RNA-based pesticide spray 12 to a gene in its intended target. Proponents believe this new, precise approach will be safer than existing chemicals and could work for many pests. The first RNA pesticide product takes 13 at the Colorado potato beetle, which has evolved resistance to existing chemicals and causes half a billion dollars in lost crops per year around the world. Invented by the company GreenLight Biosciences, Calantha is to 14 with a gene unique to the beetle. When larvae chew on leaves that have been sprayed, the RNA blocks expression of a key protein, and they die within days. This 15 , known as RNA interference (RNAi), is a natural process that most cells use to 16 gene expression and to defend themselves from viruses. After the discovery in 2007 that double-stranded RNA can cross the gut lining of insects and efficiently kill them, researchers tried to turn RNAi into a weapon against bark beetles, mosquitoes, and other insects. A genetically 17 variety of corn that makes its own RNA to kill corn rootworms came on the market in 2023. GreenLight is now developing another pesticide to kill the varroa mite, a notorious scourge of bee hives. Researchers now hope to adapt RNAi to kill moths and other so-called lepidopteran insects, which include some of the most damaging crop pests, such as the diamondback moth and the fall armyworm. Unlike beetles, however, lepidopterans have gut enzymes that easily destroy RNA before it can harm them. One potential 18 , packaging RNA inside a tiny protective shell, has become a hot research area. Insects and other pests are notorious for quickly evolving resistance to toxins, and researchers are already wondering how long it will take natural 19 to counter RNA insecticides. Lab tests have revealed the Colorado potato beetle and the corn rootworm can evolve resistance to RNA, if exposed to high enough doses. Like all inventions that try to take on nature, RNA insecticides will have to be used responsibly to keep their 20 . 【答案】 11．F 12．I 13．H 14．D 15．G 16．K 17．A 18．E 19．J 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了RNA干扰技术作为新型精准农药的原理与应用，该技术通过靶向特定基因选择性杀虫，相比传统化学农药更安全，但面临鳞翅目昆虫肠道分解RNA的挑战，且需警惕害虫抗药性演化。 11．考查形容词。句意：传统杀虫剂犹如钝器，在杀死害虫的同时也会误伤无罪的物种。空处作修饰species的定语，结合“a blunt weapon”可推知，F项innocent“无罪的”符合题意，表示“误伤无罪的物种”。故选F。 12．考查动词。句意：今年，美国环保署（EPA）批准了一种潜在解决方案：一种基于RNA的农药喷雾，根据其目标基因量身定制。空处作修饰pesticide spray的定语，结合下一句中的“this new, precise approach”可推知，I项tailored“定制”符合题意，为过去分词作定语，表示“根据其目标基因量身定制”。故选I。 13．考查名词。句意：首个RNA农药产品瞄准科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫，这种害虫已对现有农药产生抗性，全球每年造成5亿美元作物损失。空处作takes的宾语，结合“at the Colorado potato beetle”可推知，H项aim“目标”符合题意，构成短语take aim at“瞄准”，表示“瞄准科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫”。故选H。 14．考查动词。句意：由GreenLight Biosciences公司研发的Calantha农药将干扰甲虫特有的基因。空处和to构成不定式，作表语，结合下一句中的“the RNA blocks expression of a key protein”可推知，D项interfere“干扰”符合题意，表示“干扰甲虫特有的基因”，下文的“RNA interference”也是提示。故选D。 15．考查名词。句意：这种被称为RNA干扰（RNAi）的机制，是大多数细胞用于调控基因表达和抵御病毒的自然过程。空处作主语，结合“a natural process”可推知，G项mechanism“机制”符合题意，表示“被称为RNA干扰的机制”。故选G。 16．考查动词。句意：这种被称为RNA干扰（RNAi）的机制，是大多数细胞用于调控基因表达和抵御病毒的自然过程。空处和to构成不定式，结合“gene expression”可推知，K项regulate“调控”符合题意，表示“调控基因表达”。故选K。 17．考查形容词。句意：2023年，一种能自主产生杀虫RNA的转基因玉米上市，用于防治玉米根虫。空处被genetically修饰，作修饰variety的定语，结合“variety of corn”可推知，A项modified“修改的”符合题意，表示“转基因玉米”。故选A。 18．考查名词。句意：一个可能的答案是，将RNA包装在一个微小的保护壳内，这已经成为一个热门的研究领域。空处作主语，结合上一句“Unlike beetles, however, lepidopterans have gut enzymes that easily destroy RNA before it can harm them.”可推知，E项answer“答案”符合题意，表示“一个可能的答案”。故选E。 19．考查名词。句意：昆虫和其他害虫因迅速进化出对毒素的抵抗力而臭名昭著，研究人员已经在想，自然选择需要多长时间才能对抗RNA杀虫剂。空处被natural修饰，作take的宾语，结合“quickly evolving resistance to toxins”可推知，J项selection“选择”符合题意，表示“自然选择”。故选J。 20．考查名词。句意：如同所有对抗自然的发明，RNA杀虫剂需负责任地使用以维持其优势。空处作keep的宾语，结合“have to be used responsibly”可推知，B项edge“优势”符合题意，表示“负责任地使用以维持其优势”。故选B。 三、完形填空 （25-26高三·上海奉贤·期末）How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 21 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 22 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 23 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 24 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 25 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 26 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 27 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 28 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 29 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 30 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 31 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 32 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 33 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 34 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 35 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 21．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 22．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 23．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 24．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 25．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 26．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 27．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 28．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 29．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 30．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 31．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 32．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 33．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 34．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 35．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“提前拖延症”这一现象，分析其定义、表现、成因、弊端及合理应对方式，区分其与普通拖延症的不同。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在你努力克服拖延症的过程中，有可能做得太过火吗？A. beat克服，击败；B. enhance增强；C. adapt适应；D. reveal揭示。根据前文“The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time.”可知，此处指努力克服拖延症。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的研究重点是“提前拖延症”的危害，即过于仓促地投入任务的倾向。A. feasibility可行性；B. tendency倾向，趋势；C. possibility可能性；D. activity活动。根据前文“precrastination”的定义，结合空后“to rush too quickly into tasks”可知，此处指的是一种行为倾向。故选B。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它会导致不必要的精力消耗，而稍微计划一下就可以避免 —— 换句话说，欲速则不达。A. rise from由……引起；B. result from由……导致；C. result in导致，引起；D. end with以……结束。根据空后“an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning”可知，此处指提前拖延症会导致这种后果。故选C。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：与拖延者不同，拖延者可能会把收件箱里满满的邮件留到第二天再处理，而提前拖延者会在早上第一件事就阅读并回复每一封邮件。A. With regards to关于；B. In terms of就……而言；C. In response to作为对……的回应；D. As opposed to与……相反，相对于。根据后文对“procrastinator”和“precrastinator”行为的对比可知，此处指 与拖延者相反。故选D。 25．考查连词短语辨析。句意：即使他们知道大多数邮件都不重要，他们也会选择尽快处理掉。A. Only if只有；B. Even if即使，尽管；C. As if好像；D. What if要是……会怎样。根据空前后“they know most of the emails are unimportant”和“they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处存在转折让步关系。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，这可能意味着耗尽他们之后可能需要用于更紧急任务的宝贵精力。A. common普通的；B. minor次要的；C. special特殊的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文“clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处指这些精力本可以用于更紧急的任务，urgent符合语境，与前文unimportant形成对比。故选D。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，对大多数人来说，很难抗拒唾手可得的成果。A. overcome克服；B. realize意识到；C. sense感觉到；D. resist抵抗，抗拒。根据后文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”可知，此处指人们很难抗拒容易得到的东西。故选D。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果某样东西立刻对你可用，你会本能地去争取它。A. desirable令人向往的；B. available可获得的，可用的；C. approachable可接近的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market.”可知，免费食物样品是可获得的，此处指容易得到的东西会吸引人。故选B。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样地，当你完成简单的短期任务时，你需要考虑的事情就少了一件 ——“我可以在五分钟内完成这件事。为什么不现在就处理呢？”A. Especially尤其；B. Fairly相当；C. Similarly同样地；D. Arguably可以说。前文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”和后文“when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about”逻辑一致，是同样道理。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，诸如责任心、渴望取悦他人和精力充沛等人格特质可以预测提前拖延行为，但它们背后的进化冲动是普遍存在的。A. traits特质，特征；B. drawbacks缺点；C. themes主题；D. strengths优势。根据空后“such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy”可知，这些都是人的人格特质。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提前拖延症真正的弊端在于，当你急于完成任务时，你自然会有更高的几率把工作做得不完整或不准确。A. upside优势，好处；B. downside弊端，缺点；C. feature特征；D. value价值。根据空后“doing your work incompletely or inaccurately”可知，这是提前拖延症的弊端。故选B。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以邮件为例，有时候等待回复可以体现出重视深思熟虑而非急于求成，尤其是当邮件内容涉及情感时。A. respond回应，回复；B. read阅读；C. reflect反思；D. edit编辑。根据前文“a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning”可知，此处指与提前回复相反——等待回复。故选A。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，提前拖延症并非没有好处，但关键是只有在合理的时候才这样做。A. shortcomings缺点；B. interests兴趣；C. benefits好处，益处；D. improvements改进。根据后文“but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense”可知，此处存在转折，指提前拖延症也有好处。故选C。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，长期的提前拖延者也必须意识到，把琐碎的事情放在一边是可以的，因为它们在当天晚些时候不会需要太多的脑力。A. take on承担；B. set aside搁置，留出；C. put forward提出；D. break down分解，崩溃。根据后文“because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day”可知，此处指可以搁置琐碎的事情。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在我们的社会中，应该达成共识，停下来闻闻花香是可以的。放慢脚步，保持从容和专注。”A. intentional故意的；B. imaginative富有想象力的；C. deliberate从容的，深思熟虑的；D. impulsive冲动的。根据前文“it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible”和“smell the flowers”可知，此处指从容地放慢脚步。故选C。 1 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $