精品解析：上海南洋中学2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级期中英语试卷

南洋中学2025-2026学年第二学期 高三年级期中英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension(25分) Section A(10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Her working all day long. B. The gathering of friends. C. The annoying housework. D. The busy schedule. 2. A. He likes cooking food himself. B. He thinks frozen food is unhealthy. C. He accepts the woman’s invitation. D. He prefers eating outside. 3. A. The movie is not suitable for kids. B. The kids like Spider Man. C. The kids were frightened by the movie. D. The movie is quite boring. 4. A. Tom invites Susan to his wedding. B. Tom will get married to Susan. C. Susan invites both Tom and Anna. D. Anna will attend Tom’s wedding. 5. A. She is drinking tea. B. She likes reading magazines. C. She doesn’t like the pictures. D. She doesn’t know any Japanese. 6. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours. 7.A. To the supermarket. B. To the drug store. C. To the barber shop. D. To the other side of the street. 8. A. The bad weather stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out. C. He didn’t like the hiking trip. D. He was too tired to continue. 9. A. A full-time student. B. An exchange student. C. A visiting scholar. D.A part-time student. 10. A. He is talkative. B. He is bossy. C. He is confident. D. He is trustworthy. Section B(15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The truck’s overspeeding. B. The truck’s heavy load. C. The terrible weather. D. The pedestrians’ carelessness. 12. A. The relocation of several factories. B.The company’s pay offer. C. The high rate of unemployment. D. The union’s demand. 13. A. They will increase by a third this year. B. They have been rising in the last five years. C. The average price of a house in the UK is £255,900. D.They make it extremely difficult for those on the property ladder to buy a house. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. What causes fearfulness externally. B. Why mice are particularly fearful animals. C. Whether fearfulness is inherited or not. D. How animals react to frightening situations. 15. A. They wandered around the box. B. They bred again and again. C. They couldn’t find a hiding place. D. They remained close to one wall. 16. A. Some changes in the nervous system. C. The size of nerve cells in the brain. B. The interference from human beings. D. The existence of certain nerve cells. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To help the man learn more about the gardener. B. To show the value of taking advice in gardening. C. To publicize the attractiveness of Dorset Gardens. D. To inform people of more guidelines for gardening. 18. A. By attending a college course. B. By visiting Kew Garden. C. By listening to talks on gardening. D. By reading Margery Fisher’s book. 19. A. It was full of creative angles. B. It made her famous in the town. C. It occupied a rather small area. D. It was near her house in Somerset. 20. A. Because it’s full of plants given by her friends. B. Because it’s visited and appreciated by tourists. C. Because it’s where she spends much time with others. D. Because it’s an outdoor classroom for biology students. II. Grammar and Vocabulary(20分) Section A(10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are you afraid of getting old? _____1_____ we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures _____2_____ (counter) many of them. _____3_____ these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks. A group of scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that _____4_____ being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first, at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78. The study, published in Nature Medicine, reveals that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than _____5_____, and which age-related diseases your body is more likely to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age. Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular issues and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s _____6_____ therapeutic treatments can be devised to counter their onset while there’s still time.  Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study, told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that _____7_____ (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status — lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular (心血管的) health, for example. But it _____8_____ (not appreciate) that so many different proteins’ levels — roughly a third of all the ones we looked at — change markedly with advancing age.” This difference between the chronological (按时间计算的) and physiological (生理的) age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually are. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally _____9_____ (represent) in the study, age differently. Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help ______10______ ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s? You never know. 【答案】1. As soon as 2. to counter 3. While##Though##Although 4. instead of 5. the others 6. so that 7. measuring 8. hasn’t been appreciated 9. represented 10. whoever 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现了人一生中衰老过程达到顶峰的确切时间以及如何测量衰老情况。 【1题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：一旦过了25岁，我们中的许多人就会立即感到想要阻止衰老的迹象——尤其是那些看得见的迹象。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦”应用as soon as，首字母大写。故填As soon as。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：男性和女性现在都在使用局部“抗衰老”面霜、水疗和医疗程序来对抗其中的许多衰老。固定短语use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”。故填to counter。 【3题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这些方法会在一定程度上影响你的外表，但衰老是一个内在的过程。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though或although或while，首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。 【4题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：斯坦福大学医学院的一组科学家发现，衰老不是一个平稳、连续的过程，而是在生命的三个不同阶段加速：首先是34岁，然后是60岁，最后是78岁。后跟动名词作宾语，此处表示“而不是”应用介词短语instead of。故填instead of。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：这项发表在《自然医学》杂志上的研究表明，科学家不仅可以通过研究蛋白质组（血液中的蛋白质水平）来预测你的年龄，还可以确定哪些器官比其他器官衰老得更快，以及你的身体更容易患上哪些与年龄有关的疾病。比较的对象是在同一类事物（即身体的各个器官）范围内，突出了在身体所有器官这个整体中，某些器官相对其他器官的衰老速度差异，应用the others。故填the others。 【6题详解】 考查目的状语从句。句意：他们的最终目标是了解如何识别与心血管问题和老年痴呆症等与年龄有关的疾病相关的变化，以便在还有时间的时候设计出治疗方法来对抗它们的攻击。此处引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”应用so that。故填so that。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们早就知道，测量某些蛋白质可以提供一个人健康状况的信息——例如，用于心血管健康的脂蛋白。此处空处作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填measuring。 【8题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：但人们还没有意识到，这么多不同的蛋白质水平——大约占我们研究的所有蛋白质的三分之一——会随着年龄的增长而发生显著变化。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has，且为否定陈述句，加not。故填hasn’t been appreciated。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，该研究还证实，男性和女性虽然在研究中占同等比例，但衰老年龄不同。此处为非谓语动词，且从句中主语men and women与represent构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填represented。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这是否意味着，通过进一步的研究，药物和生活方式也可以被设计出来，帮助那些衰老过快、有患高血压和阿尔茨海默氏症等与年龄有关的疾病风险的人？此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”应用whoever。故填whoever。 Section B(10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accidentally B. alert C. curiosity D. critical E. defensive F. disproved G. documented H. immediate I. initiating J. stimulus K. typically Wanted: Volunteers who can throw new light on “photosneezia” mystery Scientists are attempting to unpick the mystery of the “photic sneeze” — a reflex (反射动作) that causes people to sneeze, in response to bright light — and they need help from the public. “It ____11____ follows a tickling sensation (痒感). The sneeze is not ____12____, and it will take a few seconds,” said Manuel Spitschan, an experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford, who is launching a study into the phenomenon. Much as photic sneezing is a(n) ____13____, it can have serious consequences, particularly for ophthalmologists (眼科医生). “And you have other safety ____14____ professions in which sneezing in response to bright light isn’t helpful, like fighter pilots or truck drivers, anywhere you can’t really lose control of something.” Reports of photosneezia have been ____15____ throughout the ages. The Greek philosopher Aristotle wondered in his Book of Problems: why does the heat of the sun cause sneezing? His assumption was that sweat inside the nose caused it, but the 17th century English philosopher Francis Bacon ____16____ this theory by facing the sun with his eyes closed and finding that it did not make him sneeze. His theory was that the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose, ____17____ a sneeze. Various modern theories have also been put forward, but none is easily testable. One theory is that optic (视觉的) nerve fibers could ____18____ activate neighboring nerve fibers as they join in the brain. Curiously, the reflex can also be started during eye surgery, meaning needle-bearing anesthetists (麻醉师) must be ____19____ to sneezes to avoid damaging patients’ eyes. The goal of the Oxford Photic Sneeze Survey, which Spitschan is coordinating, is to better understand what drives the photic sneeze reflex. “There are approximately 110 papers in the scientific literature that discus this phenomenon, but there’s very little empirical (实证的) data,” he said. “We are hoping to find the ideal ____20____ to cause the sneeze.” 【答案】11. K 12. H 13. C 14. D 15. G 16. F 17. I 18. A 19. B 20. J 【解析】 【导语】文章主要围绕“光喷嚏反射”这一现象展开，介绍了其表现、可能的危害、历史上的相关研究及牛津大学的相关调查目的。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：它通常伴随着一种痒感。空处修饰动词follows，需用副词，结合语境，此处指光喷嚏反射通常会有痒感作为前兆，副词typically（通常；典型地）符合题意。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：喷嚏不是即时的，会需要几秒钟。空处作表语，结合后半句“it will take a few seconds”可知，此处指喷嚏不会立刻发生，形容词immediate（即时的；立即的）符合题意。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管光喷嚏是一种令人好奇的事物，但它可能会产生严重的后果，尤其是对眼科医生而言。空处前有不定冠词a(n)修饰，需用名词作表语，结合上文“Scientists are attempting to unpick the mystery of the “photic sneeze””可知，光喷嚏是一种令人好奇的现象，名词curiosity（好奇的事物）符合题意。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：还有其他对安全至关重要的职业，在这些职业中，因强光打喷嚏是无益的，比如战斗机飞行员或卡车司机，在这些职业中，你真的不能失去对某些事物的控制。空处修饰名词professions，需用形容词，结合“fighter pilots or truck drivers”可知，这些职业对安全要求极高，形容词critical（至关重要的）符合题意。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：历代都有关于光喷嚏反射的记载。空处前有been，结合语境可知，此处为现在完成时的被动语态，需用过去分词，结合“Reports of photosneezia”可知，光喷嚏反射的现象在历史上一直有记载，过去分词documented（记载；记录）符合题意。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：他的假设是鼻子里的汗水导致了这种现象，但17世纪英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根通过闭着眼睛面对太阳，发现这并没有让他打喷嚏，从而反驳了这一理论。空处作谓语，文章叙述历史上的研究，用一般过去时，结合“finding that it did not make him sneeze”可知，培根的实验反驳了亚里士多德的理论，动词disproved（反驳；证明……是错误的）符合题意。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的理论是，太阳的光线使眼睛流泪，泪水滴落到鼻子里，引发喷嚏。结合“the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose”可知，此处指这种情况引发了喷嚏，动词initiate（引发；启动）符合，和逻辑主语the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose是主动关系，用现在分词initiating作结果状语 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：一种理论是，视觉神经纤维在进入大脑时可能会意外激活邻近的神经纤维。空处修饰动词activate，需用副词，结合“activate neighboring nerve fibers as they join in the brain”可知，此处指视觉神经纤维可能意外激活其他神经纤维，副词accidentally（意外地；偶然地）符合题意。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：奇怪的是，这种反射也可能在眼科手术中发生，这意味着手持针头的麻醉师必须警惕喷嚏，以避免损伤患者的眼睛。空处作表语，结合“avoid damaging patients’ eyes”可知，麻醉师需要警惕喷嚏的发生，形容词alert（警惕的；警觉的）符合题意。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们希望找到引发喷嚏的理想刺激物。空处前有定冠词the和形容词ideal修饰，需用名词，结合前文研究光喷嚏反射的目的可知，此处指找到能引发喷嚏的理想刺激物，名词stimulus（刺激物）符合题意，复数形式表泛指。 III. Reading Comprehension(45分) Section A(15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C.and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development. I also know that surveys can provide _____21_____ information that’s extremely valuable to our clients. But the quality of the data you get as an output from surveys is only as strong as how well you _____22_____ the survey questions. One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear, but those results are not always _____23_____. Below are common ways I’ve seen companies ask leading questions and how to avoid them: 1. Don’t make assumptions for your participants. “How well do you think we delivered on your project?” implies your team did a good job. To make it more objective, _____24_____ to ask, “How did we deliver on your project?” It’s a subtle change, but the second question takes out the implicit bias. 2. Balance the options from which participants can choose. Let’s say you want to know the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction customers have with your product or service. If you ask this in a multiple-choice format, you need to ensure the _____25_____ is balanced for both positive and negative responses. The following options, for example, would not work: • Extremely satisfied • Very satisfied • Satisfied • Somewhat unsatisfied • Unsatisfied As a rule of thumb, if you have “extremely” on the positive end, you should have “extremely” on the negative side as well, and give a(n) _____26_____ option in the middle of the scale. 3. Don’t lead the witness or participant. Again, if you’re seeking _____27_____ and you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place, you don’t want to put statements in front of a question that will lead participants to _____28_____ in a certain way. _____29_____, my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market. What do you think?” This is because, now, the participant knows exactly what we want them to think. 4. Avoid double-barrel questions. Be mindful about including two questions in one and _______30_______ how a participant can respond. Say you ran an event for customers; you wouldn’t want to ask, “What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?” and then have multiple choice options where they are really only able to respond to one question. They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters. The _______31_______ of the data you gather is compromised when you put questions together. 5. Don’t write coercive questions. These questions don’t sit well. In my experience, they tend to come up more in customer _______32_______ surveys and employee surveys when you really want to be able to highlight the positives. Examples of coercive questions include: “You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?” Naturally, these are full of bias, so they should be avoided _______33_______. Know what the goals of your survey are. If you want to get data that _______34_______ biases, yes, leading questions can help you get those data points. But the integrity of the data cannot be trusted when you’re not writing questions in a(n) _______35_______ way for your participants to answer. 21. A. quantitative B. controversial C. mysterious D. proper 22. A. craft B. pave C. tempt D. anchor 23. A. delightful B. dominant C. accurate D. independent 24. A. repeat B. rephrase C. restore D. refresh 25. A. portion B. category C. thread D. scale 26. A. random B. informative C. sacred D. neutral 27. A. instinct B. gratitude C. truth D. harmony 28. A. reverse B. respond C. deny D. compete 29. A. In addition B. For instance C. After all D. Above all 30. A. limiting B. spilling C. inserting D. distracting 31. A. integrity B. endurance C. exploitation D. highlight 32. A. discrimination B. satisfaction C. transition D. perseverance 33. A. on good terms B. by no means C. at all costs D. to some extent 34. A. conserves B. entitles C. seals D. includes 35. A. isolated B. objective C. selected D. reflective 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述设计调查问卷时需避免诱导性问题，确保问题中立、客观，以获取真实有效的数据。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也知道，调查可以提供量化的信息，这些信息对我们的客户来说极具价值。A. quantitative量化的；B. controversial有争议的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. proper适当的。根据上文 “I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development.”可知，作者经验一家市场调研公司，而市场调查通常关注可量化的数据，如评分、数量。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但通过调查获得的数据质量，完全取决于你设计调查问题的水平。A. craft精心设计；B. pave铺就；C. tempt引诱；D. anchor锚定。根据上文“so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development.”可知，收集目标受众数据并用于产品开发很重要，因此需要精心设计问卷的问题，才能收集到有价值的信息。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到团队常犯的一个主要错误是设计诱导性问题，这些问题可能会让公司得到他们想听的结果，但这些结果往往并不准确。A. delightful令人愉快的；B. dominant主导的；C. accurate准确的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear”可知，团队设计的问题有诱导性，因此得到的数据是被误导之下得到的，会与真实数据有偏差，即并不真实准确。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了更客观，可以重新措辞为“我们在您的项目中表现如何？”这个细微的调整消除了隐含的偏见。A. repeat重复；B. rephrase重新措辞；C. restore恢复；D. refresh刷新。根据上文“How well do you think we delivered on your project?”及下文“How did we deliver on your project?”可知，下文将上文的问题做了调整变化，即重新措辞变成新的问题进行问卷调查。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果采用多选题形式，你需要确保量表在积极和消极反馈之间保持平衡。A. portion部分；B. category类别；C. thread线索；D. scale量表。根据下文“for both positive and negative responses”可知，这里积极与消极回应是指评分“量表”的平衡性，即好坏的衡量标准。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，如果在积极端使用“极其”，那么消极端也应该有“极其”，并在量表中部设置一个中立的选项。A. random随机的；B. informative信息丰富的；C. sacred神圣的；D. neutral中立的。根据下文“in the middle of the scale.”可知，好坏评价标准要在量表中间，即设计一个中立的选项。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：重申一下，如果你追求的是真相，而且你本就应该清楚为什么要做这个调查，就不应该在问题前加入引导性陈述，以免参与者被诱导给出特定回答。A. instinct本能；B. gratitude感激；C. truth真相；D. harmony和谐。根据下文“you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place”可知，我们明确知道为何要做这个调查，因为要收集目标受众真实的数据，才能用于产品开发。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：重申一下，如果你追求的是真相，而且你本就应该清楚为什么要做这个调查，就不应该在问题前加入引导性陈述，以免参与者被诱导给出特定回答。A. reverse逆转；B. respond回答；C. deny否认；D. compete竞争。根据上文“you don’t want to put statements in front of a question”可知，不用在问题前加入引导性陈述，为的是避免参与者给出提问人想要的回答，导致得到的数据不真实。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查副词短语辨析。句意：例如，我们公司与教育科技公司有大量合作。A. In addition此外；B. For instance例如；C. After all毕竟；D. Above all最重要的是。根据下文“my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market.”可知，下文给出了一个特定的关于诱导性问卷的例子。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要注意避免在一个问题中包含两个问题，这会限制参与者的回答方式。A. limiting限制；B. spilling溢出；C. inserting插入；D. distracting分散注意力。根据上文“Be mindful about including two questions in one”可知，将两个问题合并在一个问题中，会导致参与者对两个问题只能给出一个答案，即限制参与者对两个问题给出两个回答。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你把多个问题混在一起时，收集到的数据完整性就会受到影响。 A. integrity完整性；B. endurance耐力；C. exploitation剥削；D. highlight亮点。根据上文“What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?”以及“They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters.”可知，将对于场地和演讲者的评价放在一个问题中，导致参与者只能统一回答喜欢或是讨厌，但实际两个问题答案不一致，导致最终得到的数据是不完整的，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据我的经验，这类问题最常出现在客户满意度调查和员工调查中，特别是当你想要突出积极面的时候。A. discrimination歧视；B. satisfaction满意度；C. transition过渡；D. perseverance毅力。根据下文““You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?””可知，这个问卷设计的问题，很明显在要求参与者给出正面积极或是肯定的答复，这些问题常见于询问客户“满意度”调查中，是诱导性问题，即诱导客户给出肯定答复，以表示满意。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当然，这些问题都充满了偏见，所以应该不惜一切代价避免它们。A. on good terms关系良好；B. by no means绝不；C. at all costs不惜一切代价；D. to some extent在某种程度上。根据上文“coercive questions.”可知，本段给出的建议是“拒绝胁迫式提问”，因此这里是不惜一切代价避免这类问题，呼应本段主题。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想获得包含偏见的数据，是的，诱导性问题确实能帮你得到这些数据点。A. conserves保存；B. entitles赋予权利；C. seals密封；D. includes包含。根据下文“yes, leading questions can help you get those data points.”可知，诱导信问卷会导致带有偏差的回答，因此这里指，若问题带有偏差，则数据会“包含”偏差。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是当你不以客观的方式写问题让参与者回答时，数据的完整性就不可信了。A. isolated孤立的；B. objective客观的；C. selected精选的；D. reflective反思的。根据上文“ yes, leading questions can help you get those data points.”可知，若问题带有偏差，则数据会“包含”偏差，所以要以客观中立的方式设计问题。故选B。 Section B(22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 36. What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A. It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B. It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C. It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D. It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 37. The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A. cashing his traveler’s cheques B. packing everything into his luggage C. waiting for a taxi to send him there D. choosing suitable clothes to wear 38. By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A. puzzled B. amazed C. worried D. relieved 39. Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A. To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B. To show the girl how angry he was with her. C. To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D. To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了去Hammerfest看北极光，在出发前遇到的一系列波折，包括在银行兑换旅行支票的困难以及在车站差点错过巴士的经历。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe(它位于世界的边缘，是欧洲最北端的城镇)”和第二段中“I wanted to see the Northern Lights.(我想去看北极光)”可知，Hammerfest是欧洲最北端的城镇，是作者去看北极光的目的地。故选B项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare(我费了好大的劲才说服卡尔·约翰斯门的Kreditkassen银行的工作人员兑换足够的旅行支票来支付1200克朗的车费)”可知，作者花了很长时间兑换旅行支票，所以他在火车出发前两分钟才赶到车站。故选A项。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“‘If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?’ ‘Next week at the same time.’ (“如果我错过这班车，下一班是什么时候?”“下周同一时间。”)以及下文“‘Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.’ ‘No, it doesn’t.’”(“小姐，相信我，上面写的是Bill Bryson。”“不，不是。”)”可知，作者错过这班车就要等下周同一时间的下一班车，所以当得知下一班车的时间时，作者很无奈，觉得很糟糕，因此“Oh, splendid”实际上是作者表达担忧的情绪。故选C项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“‘Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.’ She didn’t buy this. ‘I want to see the manager.’ (“小姐，看，我从英国来。我带着一些能救孩子命的药。”她不相信。“我想见经理。”)”、倒数第五段“He’s in Stavanger. (他在斯塔万格) ”和倒数第四段中“Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century. (听着，我是打电话预订的。如果我上不了这班车，我就给你经理写一封信，这封信会在这个世纪剩下的时间里给你的职业前景投下阴影)”可知，作者说带着能救孩子命的药以及要给经理写信都是为了说服售票员让他上车。故选D项。 (B) Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed as opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals?We are revealing for you: 1. Right whales, Bay of Fundy, Canada Northern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay. Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island. St. Andrews. Grand Manan Island. and Deer Island. 2. Grizzly bears, Alaska Grizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms. Planning: Most fishing sites are reached by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Swart-Cassiar Highway. 3. Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico Each fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyalmel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Mchoacdn. They flock intimately (closely) on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighbouring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Planning: Chineua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March. 4. Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard—the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91 kg. the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10 ft (3 m) long. Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores). 5. Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1. 4 million wildebeest and 200, 000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait. Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September. 40. The underlined word gregarious is closest in meaning to ________________. A. being able to climb B. preferring group living C. migrating in small numbers D. moderate in temper 41. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features. B. Viewing spots for grizzly bears are accessible by air and on foot. C. Komodo Island is located east of Flores and West of Sumbawa D. Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favourable food conditions. 42. Li Hua is an adventurous visitor longing for closer look at animals. He is taking a gap year and doing voluntary work now in Indonesia. He will go back to China and further his study next fall. Which of the following will be the most reasonable wildlife-watching route after he finishes his voluntary work this winter? A. Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti B. Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua C. Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska D. Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了几个观察动物的好去处。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“They flock intimately (closely) on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground…(它们亲密地（亲密地）聚集在树干、灌木丛和地上)”可知，北美帝王蝶喜欢聚集性飞行，由此可知，这一点展示了它们的群居性，“preferring group living”意为“更喜欢群居”，能够表达划线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia”部分关键句“Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores). (规划：科莫多只能从比马（松巴哇岛东部）或纳闽巴霍（弗洛雷斯岛西部）乘船抵达)”可知，科莫多岛位于弗洛雷斯岛西部，松巴哇岛东部，由此可知，C项“科莫多岛位于弗洛雷斯以东，松巴哇以西”描述与文章不一致。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据问题可知，李华应该从北美洲沿路观光，向亚洲前进，最后回到中国，结合地理知识可知，应该先到“Sierra Chincua”，位于“墨西哥”，接下来前进到“Serengeti”，位于“坦桑尼亚”，接下来到达“Alaska”，位于“美国”，最后到达“Bay of Fundy”，位于“加拿大”，最后回到中国。故选D项。 (C) Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, points out that if the dangers from bacterially polluted chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.” Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides. He says: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens—a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.” Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people are subject to the small amounts of pollutants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, enhance its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less risky alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. 43. What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food? A. They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry. B. They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food. C. They overestimate the risk of the food they eat. D. They overlook the potential danger caused by the food. 44. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______. A. no food is free from pollution in the environment. B. pesticides are widely used in agriculture. C. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals. D. almost all foods have hazardous additives. 45. What is implied in what Bruce Ames says? A. Plants produce certain chemicals to resist pests and diseases. B. Plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth. C. Farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants. D. Farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases. 46. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage? A. Eating and drinking have become more dangerous than before due to additives. B. Sweeping measures must be taken immediately to ensure safety in food industry. C. Healthy food is a distant dream in the modern society, remaining to be realized. D. There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption. 【答案】43. C 44. C 45. A 46. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明对于食物安全美国民众虽然不用感到害怕，但也需要保持谨慎。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food.(许多美国人对食品的大部分风险抱有错误和夸大的看法)”可知，作者认为大多数美国人高估了所吃食物的风险。故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides.(加州大学伯克利分校生物化学系主任布鲁斯·艾姆斯指出，植物重量的10%是由天然杀虫剂构成的)”可知，作者认为不可能获得没有危险性的食物是因为实验证明许多蔬菜含有危险的天然化学物质。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“He says: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” (他说:“因为植物没有颚和牙齿来保护自己，所以它们使用化学战。”)”可知，Bruce Ames的话表明植产生某些有毒的化学物制是为了抵御害虫和疾病等。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food.(许多美国人对食品的大部分风险抱有错误和夸大的看法)”，和倒数第二段的“While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety.(虽然美国人没有理由害怕坐在餐桌前，但他们有充分的理由要求在食品和水安全方面取得重大进展)”，以及最后一段的“To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, enhance its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. (为了使优质的食品和水供应变得更好，政府需要收紧监管标准，加强检查计划，加强执法政策)”推知，作者认为对于食物安全美国民众虽然不用感到害怕，但也需要保持谨慎，并呼吁政府收紧监管标准、加强检查计划、加强执法政策。故选D。 Section C(8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. ____47____ Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. ____48____ Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. ____49____ In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. ____50____ The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A. He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B. Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C. They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D. He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E. These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F. The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. 【答案】47. F 48. D 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了西班牙教授帕科・卡尔沃在《植物智人》一书中，通过多项科学实验与研究提出植物具备智力、意识、记忆、交流及感知能力，尽管该观点存有争议，但仍值得人们认真看待，并呼吁人们改变对植物的固有认知。 【47题详解】 根据前文“Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. (帕科・卡尔沃所著的佳作《植物智人》，是他“二十年来热忱探索与人类世界并存的另一个丰富别样世界”的成果——这个世界就是植物界。)”可知，文章开篇提到《植物智人》是卡尔沃二十年探索植物世界的成果，F选项“The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. (他探索的主题极具根本意义：植物是否可以被认为拥有智慧。)”承接上文，继续介绍该书的探索主题，引出全文核心话题。 【48题详解】 根据前文“We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”.  (我们人类总习惯性认为世界以我们为中心，但卡尔沃写道，智慧“并不像我们自以为的那般独一无二”。)”可知，前文明说卡尔沃提出“智慧并不是人类独有的”，D选项“He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. (他认为，我们是时候承认，其他生物即便与人类截然不同，也同样可能拥有智慧。)”中的it指代前文的intelligence，进一步说明他的观点：其他和人类差异极大的生物也可能拥有智慧，衔接紧密。 【49题详解】 根据前文“Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile organic compounds. (卡尔沃介绍了许多实验，这些实验揭示了植物非凡的能力范围，包括它们利用“化学对话”与周边同类交流的方式，这是一种由约1700种挥发性有机化合物构成的语言。)”及后文“In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bel jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. (在讲座中，他把一株捕蝇草放置在玻璃罩下，并放入一块浸有麻醉剂的棉片。一小时后，这株植物受到触碰时，不再闭合捕虫夹。检测显示，植物的电活动已经停止，它实际上进入了睡眠状态。如果植物可以被麻醉入睡，那是否意味着它们也有清醒状态？卡尔沃认为的确如此，并且认为植物很可能拥有对世界的独立感知：它们或许具有意识。)”可知，前文介绍了植物的交流能力，后文具体展开麻醉植物的实验，A选项“He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized. (他还展示了如何像对待动物一样对它们进行麻醉。)”点明“植物和动物一样可以被麻醉”，对应后文的麻醉相关实验内容，完美引出下文，符合逻辑。 【50题详解】 根据前文“Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. (其他研究表明，有些植物能记住日出的方位，以便将叶片转向清晨的第一缕阳光。)”及后文“The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.”(由此可以得出结论：植物会不断收集信息，对其进行处理和储存，进而“做出预测、学习，甚至提前规划”。)”可知，前文明说部分植物能记住太阳升起的位置，C选项“They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. (即便处于完全黑暗的环境中，它们也能将这类记忆留存数日。)”中的this knowledge指代前文对太阳位置的记忆，进一步说明植物储存记忆的能力，衔接后文关于植物收集处理信息的结论，符合语境。 IV. Summary Writing(10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. Mindfulness therapy allows patients more treatment options. With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (55 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了辛辛那提大学研究团队发现正念疗法能显著减轻儿童焦虑，并为患者提供更多治疗选择。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical (药物的) solutions. ②Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. ③Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. ④Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. ⑤If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. ⑥Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. 2.缜密构思 第①②③三个要点进行重组为“研究目的+方法+机制”，将第⑤⑥要点进行整合为“需求驱动+提供更多选择”的因果关系，④句作为独立要点，说明研究结果——焦虑显著减轻。 3.遣词造句 A university team explored non-drug treatments for childhood anxiety through mindfulness therapy including meditation and yoga, which increases awareness of present feelings and body sensations. The therapy significantly reduced patients’ anxiety. With growing demand for extra options, it offers more choices and the university is developing it further. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. (运用了不定式作目的状语，以及省略了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (运用了with构成的介词短语作状语。) V. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 无糖口香糖有助于减少口腔疾病。(contribute)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sugarless chewing gum contributes to reducing oral diseases. 【解析】 【详解】“无糖口香糖”表达为sugarless chewing gum，作主语，“有助于”为contribute to，to是介词，作谓语动词，陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，使用第三人称单数形式，“减少”为 reduce，使用动名词，作介词to的宾语，“口腔疾病”为oral diseases，作reducing的宾语。 53. 你认为获得高中毕业证书需要些什么? (take) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What do you think it takes to earn/get a high school diploma? 【解析】 【详解】“你认为”表达为what do you think，作插入语置于句首；“获得”表达为动词earn或get；“高中毕业证书”表达为名词短语a high school diploma，作earn/get的宾语；“需要”表达为动词take，作谓语动词，结合“你认为”以及句意可知，此句询问一般情况，用一般现在时；“需要些什么”表达为what does it take，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语to earn/get a high school diploma；“你认为获得高中毕业证书需要些什么”表达为What do you think it takes to earn/get a high school diploma?，其中what do you think为插入语，it takes为谓语部分，to earn/get a high school diploma为不定式短语作真正主语。 54. 不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Whether you choose a wooden sofa or a leather one, make sure the sofa is huge enough to accommodate the eight of us. 【解析】 【详解】“不管……还是……”使用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，“选择”为choose，“实木沙发”为wooden sofa，“皮革沙发”为leather one，表泛指，加不定冠词，“一定要确保”为make sure，使用祈使句型，“足够大”为be huge enough，“能坐得下我们八个人”为accommodate the eight of us，enough后常接动词不定式，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。 55. 食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Diners all compliment the baker on his exceptional skill, as the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks just melt in the mouth, filling them with happiness. 【解析】 【详解】“食客们”用diners作主语，“夸赞某人……”用短语compliment sb. on sth.，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语compliment用原形，“他的高超技艺”用his exceptional skill，“软糯香甜的点心入口即化”可处理为as引导的时间状语从句，“软糯香甜的点心”用the fragrant and tender/soft desserts/sweets/treats/snacks作主语，“融化”用melt作从句谓语，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，“在嘴里”用in the mouth作状语，“给人满满的幸福感”用fill them with happiness，此处处理为现在分词filling...作状语。 VI. Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假如你是明启中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。 (相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ChatGPT has recently become a hot topic on the Internet. Its excellent performance is hailed as a representative of the future of artificial intelligence. So, as a senior high school student, what kind of knowledge or skills should we focus on in the future so as to form a differentiated competition with ChatGPT? First, I think we should learn math and physics well. That’s because AI can do a lot better than humans in computing, but it can’t do anything like that when it comes to pioneering problems, and math and physics really need pioneering thinking. Secondly, we should have the ability of independent learning. In the future world, science and technology will develop faster and faster. Only through independent learning can we keep up with the pace of The Times. In the end, I think ChatGPT is going to help us as well as compete with it, so we need to be able to work with AI. 【解析】 【导语】本文是开放性写作。要求考生写一篇关于高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争的文章给校英文报。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 优秀的：excellent→wonderful 集中：focus on→pay attention to 首先：first→to begin with 跟上：keep up with→ catch up with 2. 句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：Its excellent performance is hailed as a representative of the future of artificial intelligence. 替换句： Its excellent performance is known as the representative of future artificial intelligence. 【点睛】[高分句型1]. First, I think we should learn math and physics well.(省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2]. Only through independent learning can we keep up with the pace of The Times.(only开头的倒装句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 南洋中学2025-2026学年第二学期 高三年级期中英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension(25分) Section A(10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Her working all day long. B. The gathering of friends. C. The annoying housework. D. The busy schedule. 2. A. He likes cooking food himself. B. He thinks frozen food is unhealthy. C. He accepts the woman’s invitation. D. He prefers eating outside. 3. A. The movie is not suitable for kids. B. The kids like Spider Man. C. The kids were frightened by the movie. D. The movie is quite boring. 4. A. Tom invites Susan to his wedding. B. Tom will get married to Susan. C. Susan invites both Tom and Anna. D. Anna will attend Tom’s wedding. 5. A. She is drinking tea. B. She likes reading magazines. C. She doesn’t like the pictures. D. She doesn’t know any Japanese. 6. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours. 7.A. To the supermarket. B. To the drug store. C. To the barber shop. D. To the other side of the street. 8. A. The bad weather stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out. C. He didn’t like the hiking trip. D. He was too tired to continue. 9. A. A full-time student. B. An exchange student. C. A visiting scholar. D.A part-time student. 10. A. He is talkative. B. He is bossy. C. He is confident. D. He is trustworthy. Section B(15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The truck’s overspeeding. B. The truck’s heavy load. C. The terrible weather. D. The pedestrians’ carelessness. 12. A. The relocation of several factories. B.The company’s pay offer. C. The high rate of unemployment. D. The union’s demand. 13. A. They will increase by a third this year. B. They have been rising in the last five years. C. The average price of a house in the UK is £255,900. D.They make it extremely difficult for those on the property ladder to buy a house. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. What causes fearfulness externally. B. Why mice are particularly fearful animals. C. Whether fearfulness is inherited or not. D. How animals react to frightening situations. 15. A. They wandered around the box. B. They bred again and again. C. They couldn’t find a hiding place. D. They remained close to one wall. 16. A. Some changes in the nervous system. C. The size of nerve cells in the brain. B. The interference from human beings. D. The existence of certain nerve cells. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To help the man learn more about the gardener. B. To show the value of taking advice in gardening. C. To publicize the attractiveness of Dorset Gardens. D. To inform people of more guidelines for gardening. 18. A. By attending a college course. B. By visiting Kew Garden. C. By listening to talks on gardening. D. By reading Margery Fisher’s book. 19. A. It was full of creative angles. B. It made her famous in the town. C. It occupied a rather small area. D. It was near her house in Somerset. 20. A. Because it’s full of plants given by her friends. B. Because it’s visited and appreciated by tourists. C. Because it’s where she spends much time with others. D. Because it’s an outdoor classroom for biology students. II. Grammar and Vocabulary(20分) Section A(10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Are you afraid of getting old? _____1_____ we get past the age of 25, many of us immediately feel the urge to stop the signs of ageing — especially the visible ones. Men and women are now using topical “anti-ageing” creams, spa treatments and medical procedures _____2_____ (counter) many of them. _____3_____ these methods can somewhat affect the way you look, ageing is an internal process. A new study has found exactly when during your lifetime this process peaks. A group of scientists based out of the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered that _____4_____ being a smooth, continuous process, ageing surges forward at three distinct stages of life: first, at the age of 34, then at age 60, and finally at 78. The study, published in Nature Medicine, reveals that scientists can not only predict your age by studying the proteome (protein levels in the blood) but also determine which organs are ageing faster than _____5_____, and which age-related diseases your body is more likely to develop. The study measured plasma proteins (血浆蛋白) collected from 4,263 adults between the ages of 18-95 years and studied the changes in the proteome that occurred with age. Their ultimate goal was to understand how to identify the changes associated with cardiovascular issues and age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s _____6_____ therapeutic treatments can be devised to counter their onset while there’s still time.  Dr Tony Wyss-Coray, one of the leading members of the study, told Stanford Medicine News Center, “We’ve known for a long time that _____7_____ (measure) certain proteins can give you information about a person’s health status — lipoproteins (脂蛋白) for cardiovascular (心血管的) health, for example. But it _____8_____ (not appreciate) that so many different proteins’ levels — roughly a third of all the ones we looked at — change markedly with advancing age.” This difference between the chronological (按时间计算的) and physiological (生理的) age, according to the scientists’ “plasma-protein clock”, showed that a lot of people in the study seemed younger than they actually are. What’s more, the study also confirmed that men and women, though equally _____9_____ (represent) in the study, age differently. Does this mean medications and lifestyle methods, with further research, can also be devised to help ______10______ ages too rapidly and is at risk of contracting age-related diseases like hypertension and Alzheimer’s? You never know. Section B(10分) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accidentally B. alert C. curiosity D. critical E. defensive F. disproved G. documented H. immediate I. initiating J. stimulus K. typically Wanted: Volunteers who can throw new light on “photosneezia” mystery Scientists are attempting to unpick the mystery of the “photic sneeze” — a reflex (反射动作) that causes people to sneeze, in response to bright light — and they need help from the public. “It ____11____ follows a tickling sensation (痒感). The sneeze is not ____12____, and it will take a few seconds,” said Manuel Spitschan, an experimental psychologist at the University of Oxford, who is launching a study into the phenomenon. Much as photic sneezing is a(n) ____13____, it can have serious consequences, particularly for ophthalmologists (眼科医生). “And you have other safety ____14____ professions in which sneezing in response to bright light isn’t helpful, like fighter pilots or truck drivers, anywhere you can’t really lose control of something.” Reports of photosneezia have been ____15____ throughout the ages. The Greek philosopher Aristotle wondered in his Book of Problems: why does the heat of the sun cause sneezing? His assumption was that sweat inside the nose caused it, but the 17th century English philosopher Francis Bacon ____16____ this theory by facing the sun with his eyes closed and finding that it did not make him sneeze. His theory was that the sun’s light made the eyes water, causing moisture to drip down the nose, ____17____ a sneeze. Various modern theories have also been put forward, but none is easily testable. One theory is that optic (视觉的) nerve fibers could ____18____ activate neighboring nerve fibers as they join in the brain. Curiously, the reflex can also be started during eye surgery, meaning needle-bearing anesthetists (麻醉师) must be ____19____ to sneezes to avoid damaging patients’ eyes. The goal of the Oxford Photic Sneeze Survey, which Spitschan is coordinating, is to better understand what drives the photic sneeze reflex. “There are approximately 110 papers in the scientific literature that discus this phenomenon, but there’s very little empirical (实证的) data,” he said. “We are hoping to find the ideal ____20____ to cause the sneeze.” III. Reading Comprehension(45分) Section A(15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B. C.and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I own a market research company, so I understand the importance of gathering data from your target audience and using that data in order to make product development. I also know that surveys can provide _____21_____ information that’s extremely valuable to our clients. But the quality of the data you get as an output from surveys is only as strong as how well you _____22_____ the survey questions. One of the main pitfalls I see teams make is writing leading questions that might get the company results they want to hear, but those results are not always _____23_____. Below are common ways I’ve seen companies ask leading questions and how to avoid them: 1. Don’t make assumptions for your participants. “How well do you think we delivered on your project?” implies your team did a good job. To make it more objective, _____24_____ to ask, “How did we deliver on your project?” It’s a subtle change, but the second question takes out the implicit bias. 2. Balance the options from which participants can choose. Let’s say you want to know the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction customers have with your product or service. If you ask this in a multiple-choice format, you need to ensure the _____25_____ is balanced for both positive and negative responses. The following options, for example, would not work: • Extremely satisfied • Very satisfied • Satisfied • Somewhat unsatisfied • Unsatisfied As a rule of thumb, if you have “extremely” on the positive end, you should have “extremely” on the negative side as well, and give a(n) _____26_____ option in the middle of the scale. 3. Don’t lead the witness or participant. Again, if you’re seeking _____27_____ and you should have started with knowing why you’re conducting the survey in the first place, you don’t want to put statements in front of a question that will lead participants to _____28_____ in a certain way. _____29_____, my company works a lot with educational technology companies. We would never write a question such as this: “Most of the people who use this educational technology product say that the adaptive and personalized nature of the product is better than others on the market. What do you think?” This is because, now, the participant knows exactly what we want them to think. 4. Avoid double-barrel questions. Be mindful about including two questions in one and _______30_______ how a participant can respond. Say you ran an event for customers; you wouldn’t want to ask, “What do you think about the location and the quality of the speakers?” and then have multiple choice options where they are really only able to respond to one question. They might have loved the venue but hated your presenters. The _______31_______ of the data you gather is compromised when you put questions together. 5. Don’t write coercive questions. These questions don’t sit well. In my experience, they tend to come up more in customer _______32_______ surveys and employee surveys when you really want to be able to highlight the positives. Examples of coercive questions include: “You’ll leave us a positive Google Review, won’t you?” “You’ll tell your friends to visit our restaurant, right?” Naturally, these are full of bias, so they should be avoided _______33_______. Know what the goals of your survey are. If you want to get data that _______34_______ biases, yes, leading questions can help you get those data points. But the integrity of the data cannot be trusted when you’re not writing questions in a(n) _______35_______ way for your participants to answer. 21. A. quantitative B. controversial C. mysterious D. proper 22. A. craft B. pave C. tempt D. anchor 23. A. delightful B. dominant C. accurate D. independent 24. A. repeat B. rephrase C. restore D. refresh 25. A. portion B. category C. thread D. scale 26. A. random B. informative C. sacred D. neutral 27. A. instinct B. gratitude C. truth D. harmony 28. A. reverse B. respond C. deny D. compete 29. A. In addition B. For instance C. After all D. Above all 30. A. limiting B. spilling C. inserting D. distracting 31. A. integrity B. endurance C. exploitation D. highlight 32. A. discrimination B. satisfaction C. transition D. perseverance 33. A. on good terms B. by no means C. at all costs D. to some extent 34. A. conserves B. entitles C. seals D. includes 35. A. isolated B. objective C. selected D. reflective Section B(22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) In winter, Harnmerfest is a thirty-hour ride by bus from Oslo, though why anyone would want to go there in winter is a question worth considering. It is on the edge of the world, the northernmost town in Europe, as far from London as London is from Tunis, a place of dark and fierce winters, where the sun sinks into the Arctic Ocean in November and does not rise again for ten weeks. I wanted to see the Northern Lights. But now as I picked my way through Osto in late December, I was beginning to have my doubts. Things had not started well. I had overslept at the hotel, missing breakfast, and had to leap into my clothes. I couldn’t find a taxi and had to drag my overweight bag eight blocks to the central bus station. I had had huge difficulty persuading the staff at the Kreditkassen Bank on Karl Johans Gate to cash sufficient traveler’s cheques to pay the 1,200-kroner bus fare — they simply could not be made to grasp that the William McGuire Bryson on my passport and the Bill Brvson on my traveler’s cheques were both me — and now here I was arriving at the station two minutes before departure, and the girl at the ticket counter was telling me that she had no record of my reservation. “This isn’t happening,” I said. “I’m still at home in England enjoying Christmas.” Actually, I said, “There must be some mistake. Please look again.” The girl studied the passenger list. “No, Mr. Bryson, your name is not here.” But I could see it, even upside-down. “There it is, second from the bottom.” “No,” the girl decided, “that says Bernt Bjornson. That’s a Norwegian name.” “It doesn’t say Bernt Bjornson. It says Bill Bryson. Look at they, the two l’s. Miss, please,” But she wouldn’t have it. “If I miss this bus, when does the next one go?” “Next week at the same time.” Oh, splendid. “Miss, believe me, it says Bill Bryson.” “No, it doesn’t.” “Miss, look, I’ve come from England. I’m carrying some medicine that could save a child’s life.” She didn’t buy this. “I want to see the manager.” “He’s in Stavanger.” “Listen, I made a reservation by telephone. If I don’t get on this bus, I’m going to write a letter to your manager that will cast a shadow over your career prospects for the rest of this century.” This clearly did not alarm her. Then it occurred to me. “If this Bernt Bjornson doesn’t show up, can I have this seat?” “Sure.” Why don’t I think of these things in the first place? “Thank you,” I said. 36. What can be learned from the passage about Hammerfest? A. It is located in the South of the city of Oslo. B. It is where the Northern Lights can be seen. C. It is known as a town without sufficient power supply. D. It remains in the darkness from November till next March. 37. The writer got to the station just two minutes before the train departed because he spent much time ________. A. cashing his traveler’s cheques B. packing everything into his luggage C. waiting for a taxi to send him there D. choosing suitable clothes to wear 38. By “Oh, splendid”, the writer meant that he actually felt ________. A. puzzled B. amazed C. worried D. relieved 39. Why did the writer say he was carrying some medicine and he would write to the manager? A. To tell the girl what he really wanted to do. B. To show the girl how angry he was with her. C. To warn the girl of the potential consequences. D. To persuade the girl to allow him onto the bus. (B) Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed as opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals?We are revealing for you: 1. Right whales, Bay of Fundy, Canada Northern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay. Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island. St. Andrews. Grand Manan Island. and Deer Island. 2. Grizzly bears, Alaska Grizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms. Planning: Most fishing sites are reached by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Swart-Cassiar Highway. 3. Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico Each fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyalmel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Mchoacdn. They flock intimately (closely) on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighbouring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Planning: Chineua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March. 4. Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard—the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91 kg. the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10 ft (3 m) long. Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores). 5. Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1. 4 million wildebeest and 200, 000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait. Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September. 40. The underlined word gregarious is closest in meaning to ________________. A. being able to climb B. preferring group living C. migrating in small numbers D. moderate in temper 41. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features. B. Viewing spots for grizzly bears are accessible by air and on foot. C. Komodo Island is located east of Flores and West of Sumbawa D. Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favourable food conditions. 42. Li Hua is an adventurous visitor longing for closer look at animals. He is taking a gap year and doing voluntary work now in Indonesia. He will go back to China and further his study next fall. Which of the following will be the most reasonable wildlife-watching route after he finishes his voluntary work this winter? A. Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti B. Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua C. Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska D. Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy (C) Many Americans harbor a false and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, points out that if the dangers from bacterially polluted chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.” Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant’s weight is made up of natural pesticides. He says: “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens—a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “We’ve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.” Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people are subject to the small amounts of pollutants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, enhance its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less risky alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens. 43. What does the author think of the Americans’ view of their food? A. They overstate the government’s interference with the food industry. B. They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food. C. They overestimate the risk of the food they eat. D. They overlook the potential danger caused by the food. 44. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because ______. A. no food is free from pollution in the environment. B. pesticides are widely used in agriculture. C. many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals. D. almost all foods have hazardous additives. 45. What is implied in what Bruce Ames says? A. Plants produce certain chemicals to resist pests and diseases. B. Plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth. C. Farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants. D. Farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases. 46. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage? A. Eating and drinking have become more dangerous than before due to additives. B. Sweeping measures must be taken immediately to ensure safety in food industry. C. Healthy food is a distant dream in the modern society, remaining to be realized. D. There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption. Section C(8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Flower power Paco Calvo’s remarkable book Planta Sapiens is the result of “two decades of passionate exploration into a rich and alternate world that exists alongside our own” — the world of plants. ____47____ Calvo is a professor of the philosophy of science in the Minimal Intelligence Laboratory at the University of Murcia, Spain. Although he presents detailed scientific evidence to support his case, he also draws on philosophical arguments about the nature of consciousness. We humans have a tendency to believe that the world revolves around us, but Calvo writes that intelligence is “not quite as special as we like to think”. ____48____ Calvo describes many experiments that reveal plants’ remarkable range, including the way they communicate with others nearby using “chemical talk”, a language encoded in about 1,700 volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. ____49____ In lectures, he places a Venus flytrap under a bell jar with a cotton pad soaked in anesthetic. After an hour the plant no longer responds to touch by closing its traps. Tests show that plant’s electrical activity has stopped. It is effectively asleep. If plants can be put to sleep, does that imply they also have a waking state? Calvo thinks it does, and argues that it’s quite possible they have an individual experience of the world: They may be aware. Other studies show that some plants retain a memory of where the sun will rise, in order to turn their leaves towards the first rays. ____50____ The conclusion must be that they constantly collect information, processing and retaining it in order to “make predictions, learn, and even plan ahead.” These are revolutionary ideas and as Calvo admits, contested by many scientists who study the physiology of plants. But he guides us through the latest research and builds a compelling case that, unlikely as it may seem, deserves to be taken seriously. Although plants lack our grey matter, he believes they have a unique “green matter”. In the absence of nerves, plants use networked cells to regulate themselves. A. He also shows how, like animals, they can be anesthetized (麻醉). B. Fundamentally, this book is about changing our perception of plants. C. They store this knowledge for several days, even when kept in total darkness. D. He argues that it’s time to accept that other organisms, even drastically different ones, may be capable of it. E. These movements of plants are in fact “behavior”, and observing behavior is the route to understanding intelligence. F. The subject of his exploration is startlingly fundamental: the question of whether plants can be regarded as possessing intelligence. IV. Summary Writing(10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 无糖口香糖有助于减少口腔疾病。(contribute)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 53. 你认为获得高中毕业证书需要些什么? (take) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 54. 不管你选择实木沙发还是皮革沙发，一定要确保沙发足够大，能坐得下我们八个人。(enough) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ 55. 食客们都夸面包师技艺高超，软糯香甜的点心入口即化，给人满满的幸福感。(compliment) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假如你是明启中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。 (相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $