精品解析：上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学2021-2022学年高三下学期期中线上检测英语试题

2021-2022学年华东师大一附中高三下英语期中线上检测 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Surprising Facts About At-Home DNA Tests If you send your DNA to two different companies to find out about your ancestry, you may end up with two different results. That's _____1_____ there’s no certification required for DNA-testing companies. They may get the basic idea correct — that you are a little less than half northern European, for example, but when they say you’re 30 percent from here and 60 percent from there, it’s a statistical guess _____2_____(base) on their own database and method. Your results will be less precise if you're not a native. The more people from your ancestral region in a company’s database are, the more accurate your results will be. You can find out your risk of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s from an at-home DNA test kit, but a laboratory authorized (授权) to do medical testing will give you _____3_____(conclusive) results. The results of your genetic testing could affect your ability to get insurance. _____4_____ federal law prohibits health insurers from denying coverage based on genetic test results, the law does not apply to life, disability, and long-term-care insurance. Law-enforcement agencies are increasingly using family tree DNA databases to solve crimes, _____5_____was done in the arrest of a former police officer accused of being the Golden State Killer. California detectives took the DNA results from various crime scenes, _____6_____(look) for partial matches on a public genealogy database, and eventually found their man. The market is also exploding with companies _____7_____ (claim) they can pinpoint the right product — for your skin or your waistline, for instance — based on a DNA test. But consider them entertainment ____8____ real science, Greely says. A study found that diets based on genetic tests didn't help people lose weight. Still, DNA tests can answer questions you've had about _____9_____ — and ones you didn’t know to ask. For example, for an additional cost, 23 and Me will include your results on more than 25 individual traits, _______10_______being a morning person. 【答案】1. because 2. based 3. much more conclusive 4. Although##While##Though 5. as 6. looked 7. claiming 8. instead of##rather than 9. yourself 10. including 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述关于家庭DNA测试的惊人事实。 【1题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这是因为DNA检测公司不需要认证。设空处引导表语从句，根据上文，可知此处是表示原因，应用because引导，故填because。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可能对基本的想法是正确的——例如，你不到一半是北欧人，但当他们说你有30%来自这里，60%来自那里时，这是基于他们自己的数据库和方法的统计猜测。设空处修饰名statistical guess作定语，短语“be based on”，译为“基于……”,所以这里用过去分词作定语，故填based。 【3题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：你可以通过一个家庭DNA检测试剂盒来发现自己患癌症和阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病的风险，但一个被授权进行医学检测的实验室会给你更确切的结果。根据but可知前后为转折关系，可推断应用形容词比较级，强调更确切，故填much more conclusive。 【4题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：虽然联邦法律禁止健康保险公司基于基因检测结果拒绝承保，但该法律不适用于人寿、残疾和长期护理保险。分析可知，设空处引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，故填Although/While/Though。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：执法机构越来越多地使用家谱DNA数据库来破案，就像逮捕一名被指控为“金州杀手”的前警官一样。设空处引导定语从句，指代前面的句子，在从句中做主语，意为“像……一样”，应用as来引导，故填as。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：加州警探从不同的犯罪现场提取了DNA结果，在一个公共家谱数据库中寻找部分匹配，最终找到了他们的凶手。分析可知，设空处为谓语动词，和took、found为并列谓语，应用一般过去时，故填looked。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：市场上还有很多公司声称，他们可以根据DNA测试找到适合你的产品——比如适合你的皮肤或腰围。设空处为with的宾语补足语和宾语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填claiming。 【8题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：但格里利说，把它们当作娱乐，而不是真正的科学。根据句意可知，设空处应意为“代替，而不是”，可以用介词短语instead of 或者rather than，故填instead of /rather than。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：尽管如此，DNA测试可以回答你对自己的疑问——以及你不知道该问的问题。分析句意和语境，可知是关于自己的问题，应用反身代词，和主语保持一直，故填yourself。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：例如，在额外费用的情况下，23 and Me将包括你在25个以上个人特征上的结果，包括早起的人。根据语境可知，你可能是个早起的人，设空后是动名词，应用介词，意为“包括”，故填including。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. edges. B. liberated. C. confident. D. wildly. E. matters. F. perceived G. embrace H. chewing I. inevitably J. credit K. denial The problem with being yourself British women feel the same about their bodies as we do about school dinner — full of hate. They have almost the lowest self-esteem in the world, with only 20% feeling ___11___ about their bodies, according to interviews with 10,500 women and girls across 13 countries for the latest Dove self-esteem in women project. Though the study is new, the information, of course, is not. None of this is ___12___ surprising. The two new things that this study tells us are: first, that Britain’s body anxiety is getting worse. And second, while 60% of women say they believe they need to “meet certain beauty standards”, 77% believe it is also important to “be ourselves”. What do you do with a tension like that — between the pressure on you to be thin and blonde, and the pressure to “___13___ your curves”, “love your imperfections”? To be strong, brave, “natural”, real, and at the same time look like Jennifer Lawrence. This vague requirement for the modern and ___14___ woman to “be herself” feels increasingly harmful. While we should give Dove ___15___ for its mission to inspire confidence in women, I fear the modern panic it helps create. There was that side-eyed term, “real women” — authenticity (真实性) is currency, especially for women. But you would be more lovable only if the authentic you is not insecure, odd, sad, or has that old worry ___16___ at your throat, and only if the authentic you believes not only that your body is beautiful but that beauty really ___17___. At least the old pressure gave exact rules, directions or instructions. You could see the ___18___ of it, you could walk around it, overthrow it, laugh at it, toss it in the bin. “Be yourself”, however, takes more than Botox (瘦脸针) when that means appearing confident, happy, brave and healthy — it requires a ___19___ of all the societal nonsense that has brought you to a place where you feel the need to cover up those parts of your personality that are ___20___ unattractive by others. “Be yourself” is the insistence that, rather than the culture, the media and the politics, it is still you who need to change. 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. G 14. B 15. J 16. H 17. E 18. A 19. K 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了“做自己”对女性来说存在的问题及带来的压力。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：根据多芬最新的女性自尊项目对13个国家的10500名女性和女孩进行的采访，她们的自尊心几乎是世界上最低的，只有20%的人对自己的身体感到自信。根据前文“They have almost the lowest self-esteem in the world”可知，此处说的是只有少数人对自己身体自信。空处应用形容词作表语，confident意为“自信的”，符合语境。feel confident about“对……感到自信”。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：这一切并不十分令人惊讶。根据前文“Though the study is new, the information, of course, is not.”可知，此处表示这一切并不意外。空格处应填副词修饰surprising，wildly“非常，很”为副词，符合句意。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：在你要变瘦、变金发的压力和要 “接受你的曲线”、“爱你的不完美” 的压力之间，你该如何应对这样的矛盾呢？根据前文 “while 60% of women say they believe they need to “meet certain beauty standards”, 77% believe it is also important to “be ourselves””可知，此处是说在不同的压力之间如何应对，要接受自己的曲线等，embrace“拥抱，接受” 为动词，符合句意。空前为动词不定式符号to，所以空处动词用原形。故选G。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对现代解放了的女性来说，这种模糊的“做自己”的要求感觉越来越有害。此处修饰名词woman，liberated“解放了的”为形容词，与modern并列，符合语境，指现代解放了的女性。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然我们应该赞扬多芬激发女性自信的使命，但我担心它也助长了现代社会的恐慌情绪。此处表示应该赞扬多芬的使命，根据固定搭配give...credit for...“因……而称赞……”，名词credit“赞扬，认可”，符合语境。故选J。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：但只有当真实的你不缺乏安全感、不古怪、不悲伤，或者没有那种如鲠在喉的旧烦恼时，你才会更讨人喜欢；而且只有当真实的你不仅相信自己的身体是美丽的，还相信美丽确实至关重要时，你才会更讨人喜欢。此处表示那种旧忧虑萦绕在心头，chew“咀嚼，（忧虑等）萦绕”，chew at your throat 表示“萦绕心头。此处需要现在分词短语作后置定语修饰worry。故选H。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：但只有当真实的你不缺乏安全感、不古怪、不悲伤，或者没有那种如鲠在喉的旧烦恼时，你才会更讨人喜欢；而且只有当真实的你不仅相信自己的身体是美丽的，还相信美丽确实至关重要时，你才会更讨人喜欢。此处表示相信美丽真的重要，matter“重要，有关系” 为动词，为that引导的第二宾语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为beauty，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 matters，符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：你可以看到它的边缘，你可以绕过它，推翻它，嘲笑它，把它扔进垃圾桶。根据后文“you could walk around it, overthrow it, laugh at it, toss it in the bin”可知，此处表示能看到旧压力的边缘等，edge“边缘”为可数名词，指代这种压力在多方面所呈现出的界限，用复数形式edges，符合语境。故选A。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：“做你自己”，然而，当这意味着表现得自信、快乐、勇敢和健康时，这不仅仅需要瘦脸针——它需要否定所有那些社会上的无稽之谈，这些无稽之谈让你觉得有必要掩盖你个性中那些被别人认为没有吸引力的部分。根据前文“it requires a”可知，空格处应填名词作requires的宾语，此处表示需要否定那些社会上的无稽之谈，denial“否认，否定”为名词，符合语境。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：“做你自己”，然而，当这意味着表现得自信、快乐、勇敢和健康时，这不仅仅需要肉毒杆菌——它需要否定所有那些社会上的无稽之谈，这些无稽之谈让你觉得有必要掩盖你个性中那些被别人认为没有吸引力的部分。根据前文“that has brought you to a place where you feel the need to cover up those parts of your personality that are”可知，此处表示个性中被别人认为没有吸引力的部分，perceive“认为，察觉”，此处用被动语态be perceived，表示“被认为”，符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed (受到称赞的) “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to ____21____ other people’s emotions. The same was not ____22____ of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists. Researchers ____23____ a series of five experiments which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a(n) ____24____ of empathy. Overall, study participants scored better after reading literary fiction, versus the other three ____25____. It was a(n) ____26____ improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not like taking people from a ‘C’ to an ‘A’ ,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to ____27____. What’s so ____28____ about literary fiction? It’s usually more focused on character than on plot. There is usually no single “dominant narrator” who takes readers through the story. It ____29____ that the readers should think about the characters and fill in the gaps. The author doesn’t tell you what to think. Readers have to make_____30_____ about characters. And that’s often what people are doing in the real-life conversations. “This is great study!” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, who was not involved in the new study. _____31_____, he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really _____32_____ other types of fiction. So, it’s too early to tell people to _____33_____ their romance novel for Nobel literature, at least if the goal is boosting empathy. But it is _____34_____ that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous (可笑的), or not practical,” Mar said. “But there’s a growing body of evidence that it’s important in _____35_____ that we need in our lives.” 21. A. evaluate B. manage C. spell D. interpret 22. A. true B. informed C. critical D. compulsory 23. A. put forward B. went through C. carried out D. compared to 24. A. tool B. measure C. standard D. source 25. A. samples B. techniques C. conditions D. topics 26. A. moderate B. invaluable C. significant D. worthless 27. A. rate B. opportunity C. mistake D. chance 28. A. strange B. intense C. special D. particular 29. A. demands B. reveals C. confesses D. favors 30. A. implications B. inferences C. innovations D. imaginations 31. A. Besides B. Nonetheless C. Therefore D. Even 32. A. outweighs B. challenges C. dominates D. strikes 33. A. cling to B. trade in C. invest in D. wear out 34. A. expected B. suspected C. guaranteed D. agreed 35. A. researches B. moods C. skills D. innovations 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究表明，喜欢读获奖文学作品的人更擅长读懂别人的内心。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：社会研究新学院的研究人员发现，当他们让志愿者阅读广受赞誉的“文学小说”作品时，似乎能暂时提高他们解读他人情绪的能力。A. evaluate评价；B. manage管理；C. spell拼写；D. interpret解释，解读。由上文的“Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people”可知，句子表示“他们让志愿者阅读广受赞誉的“文学小说”作品时，似乎能暂时提高他们解读他人情绪的能力”，空格处是“解释，解读”。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常占据畅销书排行榜的非小说类或“流行”小说、悬疑小说、爱情小说和科幻小说则不是这样。A. true真正的；B. informed见多识广的；C. critical评判的；D. compulsory强制的。由上文的““literary fiction””和后文的“nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science fiction books”可知，读“文学小说”才能提高读者解读他人情绪的能力，其他的那些小说不行，也就是对于其他的小说情况就不是这样了，it is not true of意为“在......方面不是这样”，故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员进行了一系列五项实验，参与者在参加一些标准测试之前，要么阅读文学小说，要么阅读通俗小说，要么阅读非小说类作品，要么什么都不读。A. put forward提出；B. went through经历；C. carried out执行；D. compared to与……相比。由后文的“a series of five experiments”可知，研究人员进行了一系列五项实验，空格处是carried out，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该测试被认为是一种同理心的衡量。A. tool工具；B. measure衡量；C. standard标准；D. source来源。由上文的“People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each”可知，该测试被认为是一种同理心的衡量，空格处是“衡量”。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，与其他三种情况相比，研究参与者阅读文学小说后得分更高。A. samples样品；B. techniques技巧；C. conditions情况；D. topics话题。由上文的“participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests”可知，测试时参与者在参加一些标准测试之前，要么阅读文学小说，要么阅读通俗小说，要么阅读非小说类作品，要么什么都不读，因此此处表示“与其他三种情况相比，研究参与者在阅读文学小说后得分更高”，空格处是“情况”，故选C。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据首席研究员David Comer Kidd说，这是一种适度的改善。A. moderate适度的；B. invaluable珍贵的；C. significant意义重大的；D. worthless无价值的。由后文的“It’s not like taking people from a ‘C’ to an ‘A’”可知，这个改变不是从C到A的改善，因此这是一种适度的改善，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，基德补充说，这种效果只在大约10分钟的阅读后就能看到，这是一个统计上强有力的发现，意味着它不太可能是由于偶然。A. rate速率；B. opportunity机会；C. mistake错误；D. chance偶然。由上文的“it was a statistically strong finding”可知，这是一个统计上强有力的发现，所以不太可能是由于偶然，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：文学小说有什么特别之处？A. strange奇怪的；B. intense强烈的；C. special特别的；D. particular特定的。由后文的“It’s usually more focused on character than on plot. There is usually no single “dominant narrator” who takes readers through the story”可知，此处是说“文学小说有什么特别之处”，空格处意为“特别的”。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它要求读者思考人物，填补空白。A. demands要求；B. reveals揭示；C. confesses坦白；D. favors喜欢。由后文的“the readers should think about the characters and fill in the gaps”可知，这是对读者的要求，它要求读者思考人物，填补空白，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者必须对人物进行推断。A. implications暗示；B. inferences推断；C. innovations创新；D. imaginations想象力。由上文的“The author doesn’t tell you what to think”可知，作者没有告诉你该怎么想，读者必须对人物进行推断，故选B。 31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他补充说，这一领域的整体研究“仍处于起步阶段”，一个关键问题是，文学小说是否真的比其他类型的小说更重要。A. Besides另外；B. Nonetheless然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Even甚至。由上文的“This is great study”和后文的“the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy””可知，前后是转折关系，因此空格处是“然而”，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他补充说，这一领域的整体研究“仍处于起步阶段”，一个关键问题是，文学小说是否真的比其他类型的小说更重要。A. outweighs比……重要；B. challenges挑战；C. dominates主导；D. strikes敲打。由上文的“whether literary fiction”和后文的“other types of fiction”可知，句子表示“文学小说是否真的比其他类型的小说更重要”，空格处是“比……重要”。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以，现在就告诉人们把爱情小说换成诺贝尔文学奖还为时过早，至少如果目的是增进同理心的话。A. cling to坚持；B. trade in以（旧物）折价贴换同类新物；C. invest in投资；D. wear out穿破。由后文的“their romance novel for Nobel literature”可知，现在告诉人们把爱情小说换成诺贝尔文学奖还为时过早。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但人们一致认为，这些发现表明，文学的重要性超越了娱乐或提高词汇量。A. expected期望；B. suspected怀疑；C. guaranteed保证；D. agreed同意。由后文的“the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary”可知，人们一致认为，这些发现表明，文学的重要性超越了娱乐或提高词汇量。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但越来越多的证据表明，这对我们生活中需要的技能很重要。A. researches研究；B. moods情绪；C. skills技巧；D. innovations创新。根据第一段的“Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people”可知，一项新的研究表明，阅读获奖文学作品可能会提高你解读他人的能力，解读他人是我们生活中需要的技能，因此句子表示“越来越多的证据表明，这对我们生活中需要的技能很重要”，空格处是“技能”。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism many produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanities are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广)outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so—called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph? A. An argument is examined and possible solutions given. B. Two contrasting views are presented. C. Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time. D. A detail description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given. 37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents . A. could not develop long-standing relationships. B. did not have the same interests as their neighbors. C. tended to be associated with bad behavior. D. usually had more friends. 38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors . A. disrupt people’s natural relations. B make them worry about crime. C. cause them no to show concern for one another. D. cause them to be suspicious of each other. 39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is____, A. the better its quality of life B. the more tolerant and open-minded it is. C. the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress. D. the more similar its interests 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了城市居民和小城镇居民的人际关系的相似之处。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true.”可知，以前，普通大众和社会学家认为，现代社会“明显地”改变了人们的自然关系，使他们的亲情、邻里观念变得淡薄，取而代之的是彼此之间萍水相逢的表面关系，然而，最近几年，越来越多的研究表明，那些“明显”的事情并不是事实，也就是说第一段展示了两种相反的观点，故B项正确。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.”可知，以前，对于普通大众和社会学家而言，现代社会“明显地”改变了人们的自然关系，使他们的亲情、邻里观念变得淡薄，取而代之的是彼此之间萍水相逢的表面关系，也就是说人们曾普遍认为城市居民不能发展长期的关系，故A项正确。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers.”可知，如果邻里之间互不相识，他们就不大会清扫隔壁老夫妇门前的过道，也不会帮忙照看一下小捣蛋，也就是说城市生活的后果之一就是使人们不会互相关心，故C项正确。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Large-city urbanities are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广)outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so—called undesirables.”可知，大城市社区的人们对非传统宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治团体和所谓的不受欢迎的人持宽容态度，由此可知，社区越大，越是宽容和豁达，故B项正确。 【点睛】本篇第3题B项的干扰性较大，但根据第二段中的“However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.”可知，城市居民对犯罪行为更为担心，这使他们不信任陌生人，这是原因而非结果，而第三段中的“If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers.”提到了结果：如果邻里之间互不相识，他们就不大会清扫隔壁老夫妇门前的过道，也不会帮忙照看一下小捣蛋”，也就是说城市生活的后果之一就是使他们不会互相关心。 (B) WE FOUND A FIX 1. Get Free Support Just want someone to talk to? At 7cups.com, you can connect with a trained “active listener” for free, completely confidential advice. Choose a listener based on location and life experience, or let the site assign someone to you for an instant conversation. 2. Clip Virtual Coupons Look for coupon codes on retailer and cash-back websites. Just google the brand name and “promo code” to find the latest offerings. And who says that when you snooze (打盹), you lose? Sometimes leaving items in your shopping cart can add up to savings. You might get a pop-up with a coupon code to tempt you to purchase what’s there or an e-mail in your inbox with a discount offer. 3. Cut Your Tax Bill Does anyone want to hear about taxes? Maybe not. But in this unusual year (the first time in history that the federal tax deadline has been extended to July 15), it pays to stay on top of things. The irs.gov website is surprisingly easy to navigate, and there’s a link on the home page to the IRS’s coronavirus tax-relief programs. 4. Remove Stubborn Food Stains Got unattractive coffee and tea stains on a pot, or mug? Pick up some denture (假牙) cleaner. Dissolve one tablet per two cups of hot water, pour it into the stained vessel, and let it sit for several hours. Then use a scrub brush to clean off the stains and any loosened bits. Pour the solution out and rinse thoroughly. 5. Save Texting Time One lesser-known secret to typing on your phone: Double-tap the space bar on the keyboard when you finish a sentence. Doing so adds a period and a space—and automatically capitalizes the next letter you type to start your next sentence. 6. Preserve Your Fragrances If you wish the scent of your eau de toilette or cologne lasted longer, store it in the fridge. “Growing up, I’d always see my grandmother’s in the fridge, and she told me it kept the fragrance longer and felt refreshing on the skin,” says TV style expert Hilary Kennedy. “I love keeping mine cool, especially during the summer and fall months.” Take note: Very cold temperatures can upset the balance of some delicate perfumes. 40. Michael, who values efficiency most, can _________________. A. turn to a trained listener at 7cups.com for free advice B. look for coupon codes online to find the latest offerings C. apply for tax-cut on the government’s website this year D. double-tap the space bar on the phone when texting 41. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. If perfume is preserved in the fridge at very cold temperature, its fragrance will last longer. B. Brushing the stain soon after applying the denture cleaner can remove the stubborn one. C. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the government has prolonged the tax deadline and cut taxes. D. Leaving items in shopping carts helps you save as you can re-consider if they are worth buying. 42. The purpose of this passage is to __________________. A. teach people how to deal with emergency B. arouse people’s interest in fixing problems C. offer tricks to help improve people’s life D. inform people of the latest scientific findings 【答案】40. D 41. C 42. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。讲述了六个改善人们生活的小技巧。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据5. Save Texting Time部分的“One lesser-known secret to typing on your phone: Double-tap the space bar on the keyboard when you finish a sentence. Doing so adds a period and a space—and automatically capitalizes the next letter you type to start your next sentence.( 在手机上打字的一个鲜为人知的秘密：当你完成一个句子时，双击键盘上的空格键。 这样做会增加一个句号和一个空格——并自动大写您键入的下一个字母以开始下一个句子)”可知，迈克尔，看重效率，发短信时双击手机上的空格键可以提高效率。 故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据3. Cut Your Tax Bill的“But in this unusual year (the first time in history that the federal tax deadline has been extended to July 15), it pays to stay on top of things. The irs.gov website is surprisingly easy to navigate, and there’s a link on the home page to the IRS’s coronavirus tax-relief programs.（但在这不寻常的一年，这是历史上第一次将联邦税收期限延长到7月15日，对于最重要的事情上是值得的。irs.gov网站令人惊讶地容易浏览，并且在主页上有一个链接到irs的冠状病毒税收减免计划）可知，由于冠状病毒的流行，政府延长了税收期限，并削减了税收。故选C。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题WE FOUND A FIX和黑体小标题1. Get Free Support(得到免费帮助)；2. Clip Virtual Coupons(剪辑虚拟优惠券); 3. Cut Your Tax Bill(削减税收的法令)；4. Remove Stubborn Food Stains(去除顽固的食物污渍)；5. Save Texting Time(节省短信时间)；6. Preserve Your Fragrances(保存香水)可知，文章讲述改善人们生活的一些技巧。故选C。 (C) Schools are not just a small society; they mediate (调停, 斡旋) it too. The best seek to ease the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside — at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright. Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados — appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The disagreement is remarkably apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbors. Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalized age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit. But £3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over £30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind. The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are free from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not promote divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged. 43. What does the author say best schools should do? A. Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society. B. Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world. C. Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities. D. Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals. 44. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit? A. Events aiming to improve community services. B. Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity. C. Events that require mutual understanding. D. Activities involving all students on campus. 45. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips? A. They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit. B. They don’t want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going. C. They don’t want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost. D. They want their children to experience adventures but they don’t want them to run risks. 46. What is the author’s expectation of schools? A Bringing a community together with ingenuity. B. Resolving the existing discrepancies in society. C. Avoiding creating new gaps among students. D. Giving poor students preferential treatment. 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，本文针对当今研学旅行在某些公立学校盛行，贫困生遭遇困难的现象提出建议“学校不应加剧阶层分化”。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The best seek to ease the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside– at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons.(最好的学校设法减轻学生的外部压力，同时让他们更好地理解和处理外部世界——既能庇护他们，又能拓宽他们的视野)”可知，作者认为最好的学校应该保护学生免受社会压力，同时使他们能够面对世界，故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.(像全校筹款这样的方法，将收益集中起来，可以帮助扩大机会，激发社区精神)”可知，全校学生都参与的活动能够激发社区精神，故选D。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.(即使是那些认为旅行只不过是一次聚会或庆祝活动的父母，也很可能会因为把孩子落在后面而感到内疚)”可知，低收入家庭的父母即使没有看到太多研学旅行带来的好处，他们也希望自己的孩子参与，故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not promote divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.(不能指望学校单枪匹马地把社区团结起来。但我们至少应该期待的是，它们不会助长分裂，不会排斥那些已经处于不利地位的人)”可知，作者认为学校虽然不能弥合社会差距和不平等，但至少学校不应该扩大它们，故选C。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Climate change is changing the flavor of French wine Records going back 700 years show that Burgundy’s wine grapes have been feeling the heat of the past three decades. The summer of 1540 was burning hot in the vine-covered hills of Burgundy, France—so hot as to be “almost unbearable,” according to one written account from the time. ____47____ In the Alps, glaciers melted, their snouts retreating up steep-sided valleys. Fires burned from France to Poland. And in the wine country of central France, the grapes withered to raisins (葡萄干) on the vine, so sugary the wine made from them was syrupy and extra-alcoholic. ___48___ the look of the vines before they bud; the look of the vines as they mature over long seasons; and the fat, sugary, fragrant curve of the grapes when they’re ready to be made into wine. Normally, winemakers harvested grapes at the very end of September or early October. But that year, they had to rush to get overripe grapes off the vine weeks earlier than usual. Now, a nearly 700-year-long record of harvest shows that early harvest dates like the one from 1540 are now par for the course, thanks to climate change. ____49____ “We can clearly see the reaction of the grapes to the rise in temperature,” says Thomas Labbé, an historian at the University of Burgundy. “We can predict, using modeling, the harvest will occur around about the 15th of August, in the core of summer.” ___50___ Already, as temperatures worldwide have warmed, the alcohol content of wines has bumped up from about 12 percent in the 1970s to about 14 percent today, though that number varies from region to region. Part of that, though, is winemaker preference, part of it is because grapes are maturing faster in the heat. The more sugar they accumulate, the more of it is converted to alcohol during the winemaking process. A. Though the kind of heat hasn’t settled into Burgundy yet, it’s probably coming. B. Winemakers have kept careful track of the harvest dates for centuries. C. That will almost certainly affect the way wines taste and feel, and how strong they are. D. In fact, it was hot all across Europe that year. E. The subtle feel resulting from more alcoholic wine is not favored. F. Winemakers know the growth stages intimately. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文，气候变化正在改变法国葡萄酒的风味。由于气温升高，葡萄成熟较早，糖份会更高。更多的糖份在酿造时被转换成酒精，葡萄酒的酒精含量上升。 【47题详解】 此题是词汇复现线索。空前句中 burning hot和so hot as to be “almost unbearable” 都是说明“这个夏天法国酷热难耐”。选项D意为：事实上，那年整个欧洲都很热，“hot”与空前句中的词汇重复；空后句中In the Alps, glaciers melted和Fires burned from France to Poland是举例说明欧洲其他地区“很炎热”。因此选项D是对上下文承上启下。故选D项。 【48题详解】 此空位于段首。空后“the look of …; the look of ….; and the…curve of the grapes when they’re ready to be made into wine”是描述葡萄生长过程中不同阶段的样子；选项F意为：酿酒师非常熟悉葡萄酒生长的各个阶段。选线F是本段的总起句，空后内容是细节句。故选F项。 【49题详解】 根据空后一句“We can clearly see the reaction of the grapes to the rise in temperature”可知，葡萄对气温的升高已经有了反应。选项A意为：虽然这种热还没有进入Burgundy，但它可能就要来了。选项A中的“the kind of heat”和前一句中“the rise in temperature”都是“指温度升高”，句意顺承。故选A项。 【50题详解】 此空位于段首。根据空后一句提到高温对葡萄酒带来的影响，“the alcohol content of wines has bumped up（（葡萄酒的酒精含量上升）”；选项C意为：这几乎肯定会影响葡萄酒的味道、口感以及烈度，是本段的主题句。故选C项。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. American College of Physicians 'stepped out of its lane" by placing gun control in medical education. Stanley Gold-farb, formerly the associate dean of curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine, argued that teaching social justice issues and population health comes "at the expense of strict training in medical science" at a time when sub-specialists are in short supply. But many physicians, ourselves included, think social issues should be at the heart of medical education. Formal medical school typically takes four years, followed by several years of residency（住院医生实习期）and often a fellowship（研究员职位）, and during that short time students have a wide range of competing requirements. They must learn complex biological and chemical pathways that explain diseases and health. They must be educated on how to read the the scientific literature and apply it to their patients. They must master many therapies and know how to adapt them to patients' varied diseases states. On top of all this, they must learn to communicate effectively and compassionately with patients and colleagues. Being a good doctor also demands that we understand the reasons behind poor health. Our mission is not simply to diagnose, manage and treat. Physicians should act to prevent the root causes of illness and improve well-being. Physicians are trained to tackle problems at their root. System and structural-level social issues are also drivers of poor health, and it is our duty to address them. Medical training must evolve to produce doctors who are able to not only treat the individual but also understand the larger influencers of health -- of which gun violence is most emphatically one. As medical professors, we would fail our students -- and our patients - if we expected any less. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Social issues are vital in medical education. Firstly, medical students must learn effective and compassionate communication with others Besides it is necessary for good doctors to know what's behind poor health and prevent it. Social issues cause poor health, so we need to handle hem. Without such issues taken into account,medical education would be incomplete. (56 words) 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在医学教育中，社会问题是至关重要的。首先，医学生必须学会与他人进行有效的、富有同情心的沟通。社会问题导致健康状况不佳，因此我们需要处理好这些问题。如果不考虑这些问题，医学教育就不完整了。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①But many physicians, ourselves included, think social issues should be at the heart of medical education. ②On top of all this, they must learn to communicate effectively and compassionately with patients and colleagues. Being a good doctor also demands that we understand the reasons behind poor health. ④System and structural-level social issues are also drivers of poor health, and it is our duty to address them. As medical professors, we would fail our students -- and our patients - if we expected any less. 2.缜密构思 将第1点简化重组，作为总起句；将第2点作为第一个分说句；将3和4两个要点进行重组，作为第二个分说句；将第5个要点表述转换，作为总结句。 3.遣词造句 Social issues are vital in medical education. Firstly, medical students must learn effective and compassionate communication with others. Besides, it is necessary for good doctors to know what's behind poor health and prevent it. Social issues cause poor health, so we need to handle them. Without such issues taken into account, medical education would be incomplete. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, it is necessary for good doctors to know what's behind poor health and prevent it.(运用了it作形式主语，真正的主语是to引导的不定式。其中不定式动词后还跟有what引导的宾语从句，对第三段前半句进行了概括) [高分句型2]：Social issues cause poor health, so we need to handle them.( 运用了so连接两个并列句，对第三段后半部分进行了概括。) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 光刷题不反思是没有用处的。 (reflect) (汉译英) __________________________________________ 【答案】It’s no use doing many exercises without reflecting on them. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型和动词短语。句子陈述一般性事实，时态为一般现在时。表示“做某事是没有用处的”应为固定句型It’s no use doing…，其中it作形式主语，动名词短语作真正的主语，表示“刷题”可理解为“做很多练习”，译为do many exercises，在该句型中应用动名词形式doing many exercises；表示“不反思”用without reflecting on them，动词短语reflect on意为“反思”，需用动名词形式作without的宾语。故翻译为：It’s no use doing many exercises without reflecting on them. 53. 经过三年的修复，这家影院配备了一流的设备，如今焕然一新。(equip) （汉译英） 【答案】After three-year/three years’ restoration, the cinema has been equipped with the top-class equipment/facilities, taking on a new look now. 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查动词、短语和时态语态。表示“经过三年的修复”应用短语After three-year/three years’ restoration，作时间状语；表示“电影院”应用the cinema，作主语；表示“配备了一流的设备”应用短语 be equipped with the top-class equipment/facilities，作谓语，与主语是被动关系，且根据时间状语，用现在完成时，且主语是单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数；表示“如今焕然一新”应用短语, taking on a new look now.，作意料之中的结果，用现在分词短语。故翻译为After three-year/three years’ restoration, the cinema has been equipped with the top-class equipment/facilities, taking on a new look now. 【点睛】 54. 社会发展如此之快，如果你固执于陈旧的观念，那么不久你就会被时代抛弃。 (So) (汉译英) __________________________________________ 【答案】So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts, it won’t be long before you are abandoned/deserted by the times. 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装和状语从句。so…that结构中so连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行部分倒装，that后的结果状语从句不倒装。“社会发展如此之快”为现在进行时，“社会”为 the society ；“发展”为develop。if引导的条件状语从句的复合句遵循“主将从现”原则，stick to表示“坚持、固执于”；“陈旧的观念”为outdated concepts；“不久就”为it won’t be long before；“被抛弃”为be abandoned / deserted by。“时代”为the times，句首单词首字母需大写。故翻译为So fast is the society developing that if you stick to outdated concepts, it won’t be long before you are abandoned/deserted by the times. 55. 面对电子商务的挑战，这家公司不急功近利，而是潜心经营。最终开发了独具匠心的产品，扭亏为盈。(turn) （汉译英） 【答案】Faced with the challenge from the e-commerce, the company, not eager for instant success, concentrated on management, finally developed an original/innovative/creative product, turning losses into gains. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词，短语和非谓语动词。表示“面对电子商务的挑战”应用短语Faced with the challenge from the e-commerce，作伴随状语；表示“这家公司”用the company，作主语；表示“不急功近利，而是潜心经营”应用eager for instant success, concentrated on management，作伴随状语；表示“最终开发了独具匠心的产品”应用finally develope an original/innovative/creative product，作谓语，根据句意，用一般过去时；表示“扭亏为盈”用turn losses into gains，作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果，用现在分词形式，故翻译为Faced with the challenge from the e-commerce, the company, not eager for instant success, concentrated on management, finally developed an original/innovative/creative product, turning losses into gains. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 热爱劳动是中华民族的传统美德，劳动教育也是素质教育的重要组成部分。假设你是光明中学的学生李华，将在下周的升旗仪式上做主题发言，号召全校学生增强劳动意识，积极参加各类劳动。你的演讲稿必须包括： 1. 高中生参加劳动的意义； 2. 高中生能够参加的劳动。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear students and teachers, I’m Li Hua from Class 9 Grade 12. Today, I’m honored to be invited to the “flag-raising ceremony” to express my humble opinions. My topic is “Broomstick in Hand, World in Mind”. As we know, the traditional Chinese virtue, the passion for labor plays a pivotal role in quality education. Doing labor work can not only sweep out the worries of our overstretched mind after a whole day’s sitting but also enhance the group cooperation, thus improving both physical and mental well-being to form a positive circulation for the second day’s learning. Therefore I appeal to everyone to engage in labor work, ranging from mopping floor, cleaning the blackboard at school to washing clothes yourselves. As a person who inherits those virtues, we should shoulder the responsibility to pass it down from generation to generation. We will see small flames integrating into big fires. Thanks for listening! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，阐述高中生参加劳动的意义，高中生能够参加的劳动，号召全校学生增强劳动意识，积极参加各类劳动。 详解】1.词汇积累 荣幸的：honored → privileged 表达：express → convey 呼吁：appeal to → call on 承担责任：shoulder the responsibility → undertake the obligations 2.句式拓展 倒装句 原句：Doing labor work can not only sweep out the worries of our overstretched mind after a whole day’s sitting but also enhance the group cooperation, thus improving both physical and mental well-being to form a positive circulation for the second day’s learning. 拓展句：Not only can doing labor work sweep out the worries of our overstretched mind after a whole day’s sitting, but it can also enhance the group cooperation, thus improving both physical and mental well-being to form a positive circulation for the second day’s learning. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Therefore I appeal to everyone to engage in labor work, ranging from mopping floor, cleaning the blackboard at school to washing clothes yourselves.（运用了动词不定式作补语，现在分词作状语，动名词作宾语） 【高分句型2】As a person who inherits those virtues, we should shoulder the responsibility to pass it down from generation to generation.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句，动词不定式作后置定语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2021-2022学年华东师大一附中高三下英语期中线上检测 Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Surprising Facts About At-Home DNA Tests If you send your DNA to two different companies to find out about your ancestry, you may end up with two different results. That's _____1_____ there’s no certification required for DNA-testing companies. They may get the basic idea correct — that you are a little less than half northern European, for example, but when they say you’re 30 percent from here and 60 percent from there, it’s a statistical guess _____2_____(base) on their own database and method. Your results will be less precise if you're not a native. The more people from your ancestral region in a company’s database are, the more accurate your results will be. You can find out your risk of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s from an at-home DNA test kit, but a laboratory authorized (授权) to do medical testing will give you _____3_____(conclusive) results. The results of your genetic testing could affect your ability to get insurance. _____4_____ federal law prohibits health insurers from denying coverage based on genetic test results, the law does not apply to life, disability, and long-term-care insurance. Law-enforcement agencies are increasingly using family tree DNA databases to solve crimes, _____5_____was done in the arrest of a former police officer accused of being the Golden State Killer. California detectives took the DNA results from various crime scenes, _____6_____(look) for partial matches on a public genealogy database, and eventually found their man. The market is also exploding with companies _____7_____ (claim) they can pinpoint the right product — for your skin or your waistline, for instance — based on a DNA test. But consider them entertainment ____8____ real science, Greely says. A study found that diets based on genetic tests didn't help people lose weight. Still, DNA tests can answer questions you've had about _____9_____ — and ones you didn’t know to ask. For example, for an additional cost, 23 and Me will include your results on more than 25 individual traits, _______10_______being a morning person. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. edges. B. liberated. C. confident. D. wildly. E. matters. F. perceived G. embrace H. chewing I. inevitably J. credit K. denial The problem with being yourself British women feel the same about their bodies as we do about school dinner — full of hate. They have almost the lowest self-esteem in the world, with only 20% feeling ___11___ about their bodies, according to interviews with 10,500 women and girls across 13 countries for the latest Dove self-esteem in women project. Though the study is new, the information, of course, is not. None of this is ___12___ surprising. The two new things that this study tells us are: first, that Britain’s body anxiety is getting worse. And second, while 60% of women say they believe they need to “meet certain beauty standards”, 77% believe it is also important to “be ourselves”. What do you do with a tension like that — between the pressure on you to be thin and blonde, and the pressure to “___13___ your curves”, “love your imperfections”? To be strong, brave, “natural”, real, and at the same time look like Jennifer Lawrence. This vague requirement for the modern and ___14___ woman to “be herself” feels increasingly harmful. While we should give Dove ___15___ for its mission to inspire confidence in women, I fear the modern panic it helps create. There was that side-eyed term, “real women” — authenticity (真实性) is currency, especially for women. But you would be more lovable only if the authentic you is not insecure, odd, sad, or has that old worry ___16___ at your throat, and only if the authentic you believes not only that your body is beautiful but that beauty really ___17___. At least the old pressure gave exact rules, directions or instructions. You could see the ___18___ of it, you could walk around it, overthrow it, laugh at it, toss it in the bin. “Be yourself”, however, takes more than Botox (瘦脸针) when that means appearing confident, happy, brave and healthy — it requires a ___19___ of all the societal nonsense that has brought you to a place where you feel the need to cover up those parts of your personality that are ___20___ unattractive by others. “Be yourself” is the insistence that, rather than the culture, the media and the politics, it is still you who need to change. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed (受到称赞的) “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to ____21____ other people’s emotions. The same was not ____22____ of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists. Researchers ____23____ a series of five experiments which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a(n) ____24____ of empathy. Overall, study participants scored better after reading literary fiction, versus the other three ____25____. It was a(n) ____26____ improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not like taking people from a ‘C’ to an ‘A’ ,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to ____27____. What’s so ____28____ about literary fiction? It’s usually more focused on character than on plot. There is usually no single “dominant narrator” who takes readers through the story. It ____29____ that the readers should think about the characters and fill in the gaps. The author doesn’t tell you what to think. Readers have to make_____30_____ about characters. And that’s often what people are doing in the real-life conversations. “This is great study!” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, who was not involved in the new study. _____31_____, he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really _____32_____ other types of fiction. So, it’s too early to tell people to _____33_____ their romance novel for Nobel literature, at least if the goal is boosting empathy. But it is _____34_____ that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous (可笑的), or not practical,” Mar said. “But there’s a growing body of evidence that it’s important in _____35_____ that we need in our lives.” 21. A. evaluate B. manage C. spell D. interpret 22. A. true B. informed C. critical D. compulsory 23. A. put forward B. went through C. carried out D. compared to 24. A. tool B. measure C. standard D. source 25. A. samples B. techniques C. conditions D. topics 26. A. moderate B. invaluable C. significant D. worthless 27. A. rate B. opportunity C. mistake D. chance 28. A. strange B. intense C. special D. particular 29. A. demands B. reveals C. confesses D. favors 30. A. implications B. inferences C. innovations D. imaginations 31. A. Besides B. Nonetheless C. Therefore D. Even 32. A. outweighs B. challenges C. dominates D. strikes 33. A. cling to B. trade in C. invest in D. wear out 34. A. expected B. suspected C. guaranteed D. agreed 35. A. researches B. moods C. skills D. innovations Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism many produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanities are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广)outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so—called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph? A. An argument is examined and possible solutions given. B. Two contrasting views are presented. C. Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time. D. A detail description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given. 37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents . A. could not develop long-standing relationships. B. did not have the same interests as their neighbors. C. tended to be associated with bad behavior. D. usually had more friends. 38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors . A. disrupt people’s natural relations. B. make them worry about crime. C. cause them no to show concern for one another. D. cause them to be suspicious of each other. 39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is____, A. the better its quality of life B. the more tolerant and open-minded it is. C. the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress. D. the more similar its interests (B) WE FOUND A FIX 1. Get Free Support Just want someone to talk to? At 7cups.com, you can connect with a trained “active listener” for free, completely confidential advice. Choose a listener based on location and life experience, or let the site assign someone to you for an instant conversation. 2. Clip Virtual Coupons Look for coupon codes on retailer and cash-back websites. Just google the brand name and “promo code” to find the latest offerings. And who says that when you snooze (打盹), you lose? Sometimes leaving items in your shopping cart can add up to savings. You might get a pop-up with a coupon code to tempt you to purchase what’s there or an e-mail in your inbox with a discount offer. 3. Cut Your Tax Bill Does anyone want to hear about taxes? Maybe not. But in this unusual year (the first time in history that the federal tax deadline has been extended to July 15), it pays to stay on top of things. The irs.gov website is surprisingly easy to navigate, and there’s a link on the home page to the IRS’s coronavirus tax-relief programs. 4. Remove Stubborn Food Stains Got unattractive coffee and tea stains on a pot, or mug? Pick up some denture (假牙) cleaner. Dissolve one tablet per two cups of hot water, pour it into the stained vessel, and let it sit for several hours. Then use a scrub brush to clean off the stains and any loosened bits. Pour the solution out and rinse thoroughly. 5. Save Texting Time One lesser-known secret to typing on your phone: Double-tap the space bar on the keyboard when you finish a sentence. Doing so adds a period and a space—and automatically capitalizes the next letter you type to start your next sentence. 6. Preserve Your Fragrances If you wish the scent of your eau de toilette or cologne lasted longer, store it in the fridge. “Growing up, I’d always see my grandmother’s in the fridge, and she told me it kept the fragrance longer and felt refreshing on the skin,” says TV style expert Hilary Kennedy. “I love keeping mine cool, especially during the summer and fall months.” Take note: Very cold temperatures can upset the balance of some delicate perfumes. 40. Michael, who values efficiency most, can _________________. A. turn to a trained listener at 7cups.com for free advice B. look for coupon codes online to find the latest offerings C. apply for tax-cut on the government’s website this year D. double-tap the space bar on the phone when texting 41. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. If perfume is preserved in the fridge at very cold temperature, its fragrance will last longer. B. Brushing the stain soon after applying the denture cleaner can remove the stubborn one. C. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the government has prolonged the tax deadline and cut taxes. D. Leaving items in shopping carts helps you save as you can re-consider if they are worth buying. 42. The purpose of this passage is to __________________. A. teach people how to deal with emergency B. arouse people’s interest in fixing problems C. offer tricks to help improve people’s life D. inform people of the latest scientific findings (C) Schools are not just a small society; they mediate (调停, 斡旋) it too. The best seek to ease the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside — at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright. Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados — appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The disagreement is remarkably apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbors. Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalized age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit. But £3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over £30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind. The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus and that students receiving government aid are free from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not promote divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged. 43. What does the author say best schools should do? A. Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society. B. Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world. C Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities. D. Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals. 44. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit? A. Events aiming to improve community services. B. Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity. C. Events that require mutual understanding. D. Activities involving all students on campus. 45. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips? A. They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit. B. They don’t want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going. C. They don’t want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost. D. They want their children to experience adventures but they don’t want them to run risks. 46. What is the author’s expectation of schools? A. Bringing a community together with ingenuity. B. Resolving the existing discrepancies in society. C. Avoiding creating new gaps among students. D. Giving poor students preferential treatment. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Climate change is changing the flavor of French wine Records going back 700 years show that Burgundy’s wine grapes have been feeling the heat of the past three decades. The summer of 1540 was burning hot in the vine-covered hills of Burgundy, France—so hot as to be “almost unbearable,” according to one written account from the time. ____47____ In the Alps, glaciers melted, their snouts retreating up steep-sided valleys. Fires burned from France to Poland. And in the wine country of central France, the grapes withered to raisins (葡萄干) on the vine, so sugary the wine made from them was syrupy and extra-alcoholic. ___48___ the look of the vines before they bud; the look of the vines as they mature over long seasons; and the fat, sugary, fragrant curve of the grapes when they’re ready to be made into wine. Normally, winemakers harvested grapes at the very end of September or early October. But that year, they had to rush to get overripe grapes off the vine weeks earlier than usual. Now a nearly 700-year-long record of harvest shows that early harvest dates like the one from 1540 are now par for the course, thanks to climate change. ____49____ “We can clearly see the reaction of the grapes to the rise in temperature,” says Thomas Labbé, an historian at the University of Burgundy. “We can predict, using modeling, the harvest will occur around about the 15th of August, in the core of summer.” ___50___ Already, as temperatures worldwide have warmed, the alcohol content of wines has bumped up from about 12 percent in the 1970s to about 14 percent today, though that number varies from region to region. Part of that, though, is winemaker preference, part of it is because grapes are maturing faster in the heat. The more sugar they accumulate, the more of it is converted to alcohol during the winemaking process. A. Though the kind of heat hasn’t settled into Burgundy yet, it’s probably coming. B. Winemakers have kept careful track of the harvest dates for centuries. C. That will almost certainly affect the way wines taste and feel, and how strong they are. D. In fact, it was hot all across Europe that year. E. The subtle feel resulting from more alcoholic wine is not favored. F Winemakers know the growth stages intimately. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. American College of Physicians 'stepped out of its lane" by placing gun control in medical education. Stanley Gold-farb, formerly the associate dean of curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine, argued that teaching social justice issues and population health comes "at the expense of strict training in medical science" at a time when sub-specialists are in short supply. But many physicians, ourselves included, think social issues should be at the heart of medical education. Formal medical school typically takes four years, followed by several years of residency（住院医生实习期）and often a fellowship（研究员职位）, and during that short time students have a wide range of competing requirements. They must learn complex biological and chemical pathways that explain diseases and health. They must be educated on how to read the the scientific literature and apply it to their patients. They must master many therapies and know how to adapt them to patients' varied diseases states. On top of all this, they must learn to communicate effectively and compassionately with patients and colleagues. Being a good doctor also demands that we understand the reasons behind poor health. Our mission is not simply to diagnose, manage and treat. Physicians should act to prevent the root causes of illness and improve well-being. Physicians are trained to tackle problems at their root. System and structural-level social issues are also drivers of poor health, and it is our duty to address them. Medical training must evolve to produce doctors who are able to not only treat the individual but also understand the larger influencers of health -- of which gun violence is most emphatically one. As medical professors, we would fail our students -- and our patients - if we expected any less. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 光刷题不反思是没有用处的。 (reflect) (汉译英) __________________________________________ 53. 经过三年的修复，这家影院配备了一流的设备，如今焕然一新。(equip) （汉译英） 54. 社会发展如此之快，如果你固执于陈旧观念，那么不久你就会被时代抛弃。 (So) (汉译英) __________________________________________ 55. 面对电子商务的挑战，这家公司不急功近利，而是潜心经营。最终开发了独具匠心的产品，扭亏为盈。(turn) （汉译英） VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 热爱劳动是中华民族的传统美德，劳动教育也是素质教育的重要组成部分。假设你是光明中学的学生李华，将在下周的升旗仪式上做主题发言，号召全校学生增强劳动意识，积极参加各类劳动。你的演讲稿必须包括： 1. 高中生参加劳动的意义； 2. 高中生能够参加的劳动。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$